Preparation method and preparation device of tremella polysaccharide extract

Abstract

The invention provides a tremella polysaccharide extract preparation method and a tremella polysaccharide extract preparation device, and particularly relates to the technical field of natural product extraction, and the tremella polysaccharide extract preparation method specifically comprises the following steps: extraction pretreatment: adding pure water of which the weight ratio is 20-40 times that of the arid tremella sporocarp into the arid tremella sporocarp, rehydrating at room temperature for 20-30 minutes, washing, and removing impurities; the rehydrated tremella sporocarp is fished out, subpackaged and then fed into a freezer with the temperature ranging from-20 DEG C to-40 DEG C to be frozen for 4-8 h; 2-5 times by weight of pure water is added, and the mixture is placed in an extraction structure to be heated, cooked and extracted; heating in a water bath to obtain transparent polysaccharide colloid; repeating the steps S3 to S4 once; placing the polysaccharide colloid on a shelving plate of a freeze dryer for pre-freezing; when the temperature is reduced to room temperature, taking out to obtain the freeze-dried tremella polysaccharide. According to the preparation method and the preparation device of the tremella polysaccharide extract, provided by the invention, the preparation efficiency of the tremella polysaccharide extract can be improved, the extraction process time is shortened, the energy consumption is reduced, the yield is improved, and the impurity dissolution rate of the crude extract is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of natural product extraction, and particularly relates to a preparation method and a preparation device of a tremella polysaccharide extract. Background Art

[0002] The Tremellaceae family, belonging to the gelatinous fungus family, produces gelatinous fruiting bodies. When drought strikes, gelatinous fungus transforms into keratin, allowing it to survive drought for long periods. Upon contact with moisture, it absorbs water and becomes gelatinous. This characteristic of gelatinous fungus is due to the presence of a special hydrophilic polysaccharide, gelatin, in its fruiting bodies. This acidic, heterogeneous polysaccharide constitutes 60-70% of the dry fruiting bodies. Studies have shown that Tremella polysaccharides have multiple pharmacological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, anti-tumor, and anti-aging effects. The structure of the polysaccharide determines its functional application value, and extraction technology has a significant impact on the polysaccharide's yield, physicochemical properties, functional properties, and biological activity.

[0003] Tremella fuciformis (Tremella fuciformis) fruiting bodies belong to a large fungus. Its cell wall primarily consists of three polymers: glucans (primarily linked by β-1,3 glycosidic bonds, with some linked by β-1,6 glycosidic bonds), chitin (existing as microfibrils), and glycoproteins. The outermost layer is a mixture of α- and β-glucans, the second layer is a network of glycoproteins bound together by glucans, the third layer is primarily protein, and the innermost layer is primarily chitin, with microfibrils embedded within the protein structure. The strength of the fungal cell wall is related to this network of polymers; it is stronger when it contains fibrous structures of chitin or cellulose. Therefore, it is necessary to find extraction technologies that can reduce extraction steps, minimize environmental impact, and maximize polysaccharide yield and physiological activity.

[0004] The existing technology has disclosed patented technologies for extracting Tremella polysaccharide, including hot water extraction (CN100402555C, CN113278085A, CN112940146A, CN112545928A, CN111187363A, CN107467636A), high pressure water extraction (CN115433748A), frozen wall extraction (CN112442135A, CN104758321A), alcohol extraction (CN112521519A, CN110236980A), alkali extraction (CN1146213 61A), acid extraction (CN111647093A, CN107602721A), subcritical water extraction (CN104231108A), ultrasound-assisted extraction (CN111057161A) and enzyme-assisted extraction (CN114349879A, CN112778434A, CN112029006A, CN110973597A, CN106749737A) methods, but generally have the disadvantages of long extraction process time, high energy consumption, low yield, high impurity dissolution rate of crude extracts, etc.; and the process operation is long and the degree of streamlining is low. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a preparation method and a preparation device of a Tremella fuciformis polysaccharide extract, which solves the technical problem of how to improve the preparation efficiency of the Tremella fuciformis polysaccharide extract, reduces the extraction process time, reduces energy consumption, improves the yield, reduces the impurity dissolution rate of the crude extract, and improves labor production efficiency.

[0006] A method for preparing a Tremella polysaccharide extract comprises the following steps:

[0007] Step S1: pre-extraction treatment, adding 20 to 40 times the weight of pure water to the Tremella fuciformis fruiting body, rehydrating at room temperature for 20 to 30 minutes, washing, and removing impurities, and repeating at least three times;

[0008] Step S2: removing the rehydrated Tremella fuciformis fruiting bodies, packaging them, and then freezing them in a -20 to -40°C freezer for 4 to 8 hours, and finally taking out the frozen rehydrated Tremella fuciformis fruiting bodies;

[0009] Step S3: adding 2 to 5 times the weight ratio of pure water, placing it in the extraction structure, heating it to a temperature of 90 to 100° C., and steaming and extracting for 60 to 90 minutes;

[0010] Step S4: Based on step S3, heating in a water bath, and filtering with a 150-300 mesh filter to obtain a transparent polysaccharide gel;

[0011] Step S5: Repeat steps S3 to S4 once for the transparent polysaccharide colloid obtained by filtration in step S4;

[0012] Step S6: placing the polysaccharide colloid in step S5 on a shelf of a freeze dryer, pre-freezing at a temperature of -20 to -40°C for 4 to 8 hours, with a freeze dryer vacuum degree of -0.2 to -0.1 MPa, a cold trap temperature of -40 to -50°C, and a vacuum drying temperature of 0 to 40°C for freeze drying for 24 to 36 hours;

[0013] Step S7: After the temperature drops to room temperature, take out the freeze-dried Tremella polysaccharide.

[0014] Preferably, in step S4, the oscillation filtration is assisted by pulsed ultrasonic vibration, the ultrasonic frequency is 35-45 kHz, the power density is 15-20 W / mL, and the working / intermission time ratio is 2:1-4:1.

[0015] While heating in a water bath, an ultrasonic instrument is used to operate the water bath pot, and ultrasonic waves are used to agitate the air to generate vibrations, which exerts great pressure on the Tremella fuciformis edible fungi, causing the cell walls of the Tremella fuciformis edible fungi to rupture, thereby obtaining a polysaccharide Tremella fuciformis extract.

[0016] A preparation device for a Tremella fuciformis polysaccharide extract comprises a support, wherein the support is provided with a cleaning structure for cleaning dried Tremella fuciformis fruiting bodies, a freezing structure connected to the cleaning structure, an extraction structure arranged below the freezing structure, and a freeze dryer arranged below the extraction structure.

[0017] Preferably, the cleaning structure includes a vertically arranged cleaning cylinder, a bottom cylinder coaxially connected to the bottom end of the cleaning cylinder, a filter cylinder coaxially rotatably arranged inside the cleaning cylinder, a motor 1 connected to the driving of the filter cylinder, a feed hopper coaxially rotatably connected to the top of the filter cylinder, a lifting cylinder 1 arranged below the bottom cylinder, a suction pipe connected to the cleaning cylinder at one end, and a discharge pipe connected to the outside of the bottom cylinder at one end, a rubber plug is fixedly provided at the free end of the lifting cylinder 1, and the rubber plug is movably connected to the inside of the bottom cylinder up and down, and the bottom end of the filter cylinder is in contact with the top end of the bottom cylinder.

[0018] Preferably, the freezing structure includes a freezing box, a first door and a second door movably arranged on both sides of the freezing box, a first telescopic cylinder connected to the first door, a second telescopic cylinder connected to the second door, a toggle plate arranged near the second door, and a rotating shaft connected to the toggle plate;

[0019] A filter slot plate is provided near the box door, a filter plate is provided on the inner side of the filter slot plate, a rotating plate is provided above the filter plate, the top end of the rotating plate is rotatably connected to the filter slot plate, and one end of the discharge pipe extends into the filter slot plate.

[0020] Preferably, the extraction structure includes a fixed plate, a semi-cylindrical shell 1 and a semi-cylindrical shell 2 respectively fixed on both sides of the fixed plate, a connecting pipe 1 and a connecting pipe 2 respectively fixed on both sides of the fixed plate, a filter screen vertically fixed on the side of the fixed plate, and a rotating drive structure fixedly connected to both ends of the fixed plate, a long hole is provided on the semi-cylindrical shell 1, the long hole is separately connected to the closing strip, and the two ends of the closing strip are respectively fixedly connected to the lifting cylinder 2.

[0021] The function of the semi-cylindrical shell 1 mentioned above in this solution is similar to that of a stainless steel steam cooker.

[0022] The preparation device of Tremella polysaccharide extract of this scheme, when actually used, involves technical feature details not described in this article. All of them are based on actual working scenarios and adopt existing technologies to ensure the smooth progress of the working process, which will not be described in detail here.

[0023] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0024] (1) Freeze-breaking extraction technology can destroy the cell walls of Tremella polysaccharides and non-polysaccharides, increase their solubility, and thus promote the dissolution of Tremella polysaccharides and non-polysaccharides, thereby achieving the highest extraction rate. Freeze-breaking combined with high-temperature extraction technology effectively improves the extraction efficiency of Tremella polysaccharide extracts;

[0025] This solution produces Tremella polysaccharide extracts by using freeze-broken cell wall extraction technology without adding chemical agents and organic solvents, which reduces the extraction process, reduces environmental pressure, and can achieve high polysaccharide yields.

[0026] (2) The yield of Tremella polysaccharide extract in this scheme is 30.4%-34.2%. With 2000g of dry Tremella fuciformis raw material, 547.6-616.1g of freeze-dried Tremella polysaccharide extract can be obtained, with an average of 581.8g±27.13g, and an average yield of 32.3%±1.5 percentage points;

[0027] (3) Compared with the molecular weight standard, the retention time of the peak of Tremella polysaccharide extract was earlier than that of the 1600 KDa standard, indicating that the maximum molecular weight of Tremella polysaccharide extract was greater than 1600 KDa, the minimum molecular weight was less than 404 KDa, and greater than 212 KDa, with a dispersion coefficient of 3.96-7.55 KDa;

[0028] The content of Tremella polysaccharide in Tremella polysaccharide extract ranged from 89.3% to 93.3%, with an average of 90.1% ± 1.41 percentage points;

[0029] (4) Determination of nucleic acid substances and free proteins in Tremella polysaccharide extract. The nucleic acid content of Tremella polysaccharide extract was 44.51 ng μL -1 44.58ngμL -1, 44.85ngμL -1 , with an average value of 44.65 ng μL -1 ±0.18ngμL -1 ;

[0030] Compared with the standard bovine serum bovine protein, which has absorption peaks at 260nm and 280nm, the absorption peaks of Tremella polysaccharide extract at 260nm and 280nm are 0.893±0.003 and 0.639±0.004, respectively, and A260 / A280 is 1.398±0.015, indicating that Tremella polysaccharide extract contains a small amount of free protein;

[0031] (5) Polysaccharides are formed by the dehydration polymerization of multiple monosaccharide molecules connected by glycosidic bonds, which can form straight chains or branched long chains. The sample solution is measured after baseline correction using ultrapure water. The polysaccharide extract, amylose, and amylopectin are taken in appropriate amounts, sodium hydroxide, acetic acid solution, and iodine reagent are added, and the mixture is fixed to volume and then scanned in the range of 200-900nm by a visible spectrophotometer for measurement. The monosaccharide polymerization structure of Tremella polysaccharide extract is a branched structure;

[0032] (6) The FTIR results of this scheme show that 3600-3200cm -1 and 2930cm -1 The nearby absorption bands are the stretching vibrations of OH and CH, 1400-1200 cm -1 A group of peaks at 950-1200 cm-1 are CH angle vibrations. -1 The absorption peak at 1750-1700 cm is caused by COC stretching vibration and COH angle vibration. -1 The characteristic peak at 1415 cm is the C=O stretching vibration of -COOH. -1 The absorption peak at is the -COO symmetric stretching vibration, and the peak analysis proves the existence of uronic acid;

[0033] 800cm -1 The peak at is characteristic of mannose residues. Tremella polysaccharide extracts all have characteristic absorption peaks of carbohydrates, and their carboxyl characteristic peaks show the presence of uronic acid.

[0034] (7) The extraction structure provided in this solution has the function of extraction on the one hand and the function of water bath on the other hand, and the two can be switched up and down, which is suitable for multi-frequency operation from step S3 to step S4. The extraction heating can also provide heat for the water bath, which reduces energy consumption, is convenient and fast, and greatly improves production efficiency;

[0035] (8) The filter cartridge designed in this solution not only helps to achieve filtration, but also helps to achieve stirring. Through the action of the suction pipe, the cleaning water in the cleaning cartridge can be quickly extracted, which facilitates the multi-frequency cleaning process. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0036] Figure 1a is the molecular weight of the standard in Example 1 of the present invention.

[0037] Figure 1b is the molecular weight of the Tremella polysaccharide extract in Example 1 of the present invention.

[0038] Figure 2 This is the determination of free protein in the Tremella polysaccharide extract in Example 1 of the present invention.

[0039] Figure 3 This is the monosaccharide polymerization structure of the Tremella polysaccharide extract in Example 1 of the present invention.

[0040] Figure 4 This is the FTIR analysis of the main chain structure of the Tremella polysaccharide extract in Example 1 of the present invention.

[0041] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the preparation device in Example 2 of this scheme.

[0042] Figure 6 This is the main view of the preparation device in Example 2 of this scheme.

[0043] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the freezing structure in Example 2 of this scheme.

[0044] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the internal structure of the extraction structure in Example 2 of this scheme.

[0045] Among them, the figures are marked as follows: 1. bracket; 2. lifting cylinder 1; 3. bottom cylinder; 4. suction pipe; 5. cleaning cylinder; 6. motor 1; 7. feed hopper; 8. filter cylinder; 9. discharge pipe; 10. filter slot plate; 101. filter plate; 102. rotating plate; 11. telescopic cylinder 1; 12. freezer; 121. toggle plate; 13. telescopic cylinder 2; 14. closing strip; 15. semi-cylindrical shell 1; 16. semi-cylindrical shell 2; 17. freeze dryer; 18. lifting cylinder 2; 181. power shaft; 182. filter screen; 183. fixing plate; 184. connecting pipe 1; 185. power motor; 186. connecting pipe 2; 19. rotating shaft. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0046] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical features of this solution, this solution is described below through specific implementation methods.

[0047] Example 1

[0048] A method for preparing a Tremella polysaccharide extract comprises the following steps:

[0049] Step S1: pre-extraction treatment, adding 20 times the weight ratio of pure water to the Tremella fuciformis fruiting body, rehydrating at room temperature for 20 minutes, washing, and removing impurities, repeating at least three times;

[0050] Step S2: removing the rehydrated Tremella fuciformis fruiting bodies, packaging them, and then freezing them in a -20°C freezer for 4 hours, and finally taking out the frozen rehydrated Tremella fuciformis fruiting bodies;

[0051] Step S3: adding 2 times the weight ratio of pure water, placing it in the extraction structure, heating it to 90°C, and steaming and extracting for 60 minutes;

[0052] Step S4: Based on step S3, heating in a water bath, and filtering with a 150-mesh filter 182 to obtain a transparent polysaccharide colloid;

[0053] Step S5: Repeat steps S3 to S4 once for the transparent polysaccharide colloid obtained by filtration in step S4;

[0054] Step S6: placing the polysaccharide colloid obtained in step S5 on a shelf of a freeze dryer 17, pre-freezing the colloid at -20°C for 4 hours, setting the vacuum degree of the freeze dryer 17 to -0.2 MPa, the cold trap temperature to -40°C, and the vacuum drying temperature to 0°C for freeze drying for 24 hours;

[0055] Step S7: After the temperature drops to room temperature, take out the freeze-dried Tremella polysaccharide.

[0056] In step S4, the oscillation filtration is assisted by pulsed ultrasonic vibration, the ultrasonic frequency is 35 kHz, the power density is 15 W / mL, and the working / rest time ratio is 2:1.

[0057] See also Figure 1a 、 Figure 1b 、 Figure 2-Figure 4 Count the weight of 2000g of dry Tremella fruiting bodies and the weight of frozen and dried Tremella polysaccharide extract from each batch. Calculate the yield according to the following formula:

[0058] Tremella polysaccharide extract yield = m / Mx100;

[0059] Wherein, m is the mass (g) of the freeze-dried Tremella polysaccharide extract, and M is the mass (g) of the Tremella fruiting body.

[0060] (1) Extraction rate of Tremella polysaccharide extract

[0061] The dry Tremella fuciformis fruiting body was used to extract Tremella fuciformis polysaccharide extract using this technology, with a total of five batches of extraction, each batch of 2000g; the yields were 581.2g, 616.1g, 547.6g, 599.3g, and 564.7g respectively; the average extraction volume was 581.8g±27.13g, and the average yield was 32.3%±1.5 percentage points.

[0062] (2) Molecular weight and distribution of Tremella polysaccharide extract

[0063] The molecular weight of the Tremella fuciformis polysaccharide extract was determined using gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The chromatographic conditions were: SB805HQ column (7.8 mm × 300 mm), 2400 differential refractometer, mobile phase 0.2 M NaNO₃ solution, flow rate 0.6 mL / min, column temperature 40°C. The maximum and minimum molecular weights, as well as the dispersion coefficient, of the Tremella fuciformis polysaccharide extract were calculated by comparison with GPC molecular weight standards of 1600 kDa, 798 kDa, 404 kDa, 212 kDa, 112 kDa, and 47.3 kDa (kilodaltons).

[0064] The experimental results are as follows: Compared with the GPC molecular weight standard, the maximum molecular weight of Tremella polysaccharide extract is greater than 1600KDa, the minimum molecular weight is less than 404KDa; greater than 212KDa, and the dispersion coefficient is 3.96-7.55KDa, as shown in Figure 1. Figure 1a is the molecular weight of the standard, Figure 1b is the molecular weight of Tremella polysaccharide extract.

[0065] (3) Determination of Tremella Polysaccharide Content in Crude Tremella Polysaccharide

[0066] Pipette 0.8mL, 1.0mL, 1.2mL, 1.4mL, 1.6mL, and 1.8mL of the mannose standard stock solution into 15mL reaction tubes, fill each tube to 2.0mL with distilled water, add 1.0mL of 6% phenol solution, and shake well. At room temperature, add 6.0mL of concentrated sulfuric acid with a vertical pipette. Let stand for 10 minutes, mix thoroughly with a mini shaker, and react in a boiling water bath for 30 minutes. After the reaction, cool to room temperature in an ice-water bath. Measure absorbance at 490nm. Use 2.0mL of water as a blank control using the same color development procedure. Plot a standard curve with absorbance as the y-axis and mannose content (g) as the x-axis.

[0067] Determination of total sugar content in the sample: Accurately weigh about 0.03 g of sample (accurate to 0.0001 g), place it in a 500 mL volumetric flask, add distilled water to 500 mL, shake well, and let it stand for 2 hours before use.

[0068] Pipette 2.0 mL of the above solution into a 15 mL reaction tube. Perform three replicates for each sample. Use 2.0 mL of water as a blank control and follow the same color development procedure. Measure the absorbance using the same method as for preparing the standard curve.

[0069]

[0070] Y: absorbance measured by the sample;

[0071] a: intercept of the standard curve;

[0072] V1: volume of dissolved sample, in milliliters;

[0073] b: slope of the standard curve;

[0074] m: sample mass, in grams;

[0075] V2: Volume of sample aspirated, in milliliters;

[0076] f: Conversion factor of Tremella fuciformis polysaccharide equivalent to mannose, 1.25;

[0077] As shown in Table 1, the Tremella polysaccharide content of the Tremella polysaccharide extracts was 89.3%, 90.0%, 90.3%, 91.2%, 91.5%, and 93.3%, respectively. The average Tremella polysaccharide content was 90.9% ± 1.4 percentage points. As can be seen from Table 1, all of the polysaccharide data met and far exceeded the general testing standard of total polysaccharide content ≥ 80.0%. Table 1 shows the polysaccharide content determination table of the Tremella polysaccharide extracts.

[0078] Table 1 Determination of polysaccharide content in Tremella polysaccharide extract

[0079]

[0080] (4) Detection of nucleic acid substances and free proteins in Tremella polysaccharide extracts

[0081] See also Figure 2 , UV spectrum detection of nucleic acid substances and free proteins in Tremella polysaccharide extract. After baseline correction with ultrapure water, polysaccharide extract 5mgmL -1 with bovine serum albumin 100 μg mL -1 Take 1 mL of each sample and add 5 mL of Coomassie Brilliant Blue G250 solution, mix well for 3 minutes, and then measure. Scan the UV-Vis spectrophotometer between 220-360 nm and analyze nucleic acids based on the absorption peaks. Scan the UV-Vis spectrophotometer between 200-900 nm and analyze free proteins based on the absorption peaks at 260 and 280 nm. Use bovine serum albumin as the control group and ultrapure water as the blank group.

[0082] Experimental results: The nucleic acid content of Tremella polysaccharide extract is 44.51ngμL -1 44.58ngμL -1 , 44.85ngμL -1 , with an average value of 44.65 ng μL -1 ±0.18ngμL -1 ; The free protein detection of Tremella polysaccharide extract showed absorption peaks at 260nm and 280nm compared with the standard bovine serum protein. The absorption peaks of Tremella polysaccharide extract at 260nm and 280nm were 0.893±0.003 and 0.639±0.004, respectively, and A260 / A280 was 1.398±0.015, indicating that Tremella polysaccharide extract contained free protein.

[0083] (5) Monosaccharide polymerization determination of Tremella polysaccharide extract

[0084] See also Figure 3 The sample solution was measured after baseline correction using ultrapure water, and the polysaccharide extract was 5 mg mL -1 With amylose 1mg mL -1 , pullulan 1mg mL -1 Take 1 mL of each and add 0.09 mol L -1 Sodium hydroxide 4mL, 1molL -1 Acetic acid solution, iodine reagent 1ml, dilute to 100ml; after mixing for 10 minutes, scan in the range of 200-900nm with a visible spectrophotometer for determination.

[0085] Experimental results: Compared with the standard products of amylose and amylopectin, the structure of Tremella fuciformis polysaccharide extract is a branched structure.

[0086] (6) Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis of the main chain structure of Tremella fuciformis polysaccharide extract

[0087] Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis of the main chain structure of Tremella fuciformis polysaccharide extract was recorded by SHIMADZU IRTracer-100 spectrometer. 2 mg Tremella fuciformis polysaccharide extract sample was mixed with 200 mg KBr powder, then pressed into tablets and the samples were analyzed at 400-4000 cm -1 FTIR measurements were performed in a wide frequency range.

[0088] Experimental results: FTIR results are as follows Figure 4 As shown, reference 3600-3200cm -1 and 2930cm -1 The nearby absorption bands are the stretching vibrations of OH and CH. 1400-1200 cm -1 The group of peaks at are CH angle vibrations.

[0089] 950-1200cm -1 The absorption peak at 1750-1700 cm is caused by COC stretching vibration and COH angle vibration. -1 The characteristic peak at 1415 cm is the C=O stretching vibration of -COOH. -1 The absorption peak at 800cm is the -COO symmetric stretching vibration. The above peaks prove the presence of uronic acid. -1 The peak at is characteristic of mannose residues. Tremella polysaccharide extracts all have characteristic absorption peaks of carbohydrates, and their carboxyl characteristic peaks show the presence of uronic acid.

[0090] Example 2

[0091] See also Figure 5-Figure 8 A preparation device for Tremella polysaccharide extract includes a bracket 1, on which is provided a cleaning structure for cleaning dried Tremella fruiting bodies, a freezing structure connected to the cleaning structure, an extraction structure arranged below the freezing structure, and a freeze dryer 17 arranged below the extraction structure.

[0092] During use, the dry Tremella fuciformis fruiting body passes through the cleaning structure, freezing structure, extraction structure and freeze dryer 17 in sequence, and finally obtains Tremella fuciformis polysaccharide extract. The assembly line production and short process operation greatly improve the work efficiency.

[0093] The cleaning structure includes a vertically arranged cleaning cylinder 5, a bottom cylinder 3 coaxially connected to the bottom end of the cleaning cylinder 5, a filter cylinder 8 coaxially rotatably arranged inside the cleaning cylinder 5, a motor 6 driven by the filter cylinder 8, a feed hopper 7 coaxially rotatably connected to the top of the filter cylinder 8, a lifting cylinder 2 arranged below the bottom cylinder 3, a suction pipe 4 connected to the cleaning cylinder 5 at one end, and a discharge pipe 9 connected to the outside of the bottom cylinder 3 at one end. A rubber plug is fixedly provided at the free end of the lifting cylinder 2, and the rubber plug is movably connected to the inside of the bottom cylinder 3 up and down, and the bottom end of the filter cylinder 8 is in movably contact with the top of the bottom cylinder 3.

[0094] Driven by motor 1 (6), filter drum 8 rotates, providing centrifugal stirring. Dry Tremella fuciformis fruiting bodies are added to feed hopper 7 and enter filter drum 8. Water is then added to cleaning drum 5. A space exists between cleaning drum 5 and filter drum 8, allowing cleaning water to be drawn out through suction pipe 4. While the dry Tremella fuciformis fruiting bodies are being cleaned while being stirred, the top end of the rubber stopper is flush with the top end of bottom drum 3. Because the bottom end of filter drum 8 is close to or in contact with the upper end surface of the bottom drum, the Tremella fuciformis fruiting bodies being cleaned do not enter cleaning drum 5.

[0095] The freezing structure includes a freezer 12, a first door and a second door movably arranged on both sides of the freezer 12, a first telescopic cylinder 11 connected to the first door, a second telescopic cylinder 13 connected to the second door, a toggle plate 121 arranged near the second door, and a rotating shaft 19 connected to the toggle plate 121;

[0096] A filter slot plate 10 is provided near the box door, a filter plate 101 is provided on the inner side of the filter slot plate 10, a rotating plate 102 is provided above the filter plate 101, the top of the rotating plate 102 is rotatably connected to the filter slot plate 10, and one end of the discharge pipe 9 extends into the filter slot plate 10.

[0097] The cleaned tremella fruiting bodies enter the filter tank plate 10, and under the action of the filter plate 101, the moisture in the tremella fruiting bodies is filtered out. The rotating plate 102 plays the role of blocking the tremella fruiting bodies. Only when a large number of tremella fruiting bodies are accumulated, the rotating plate 102 rotates, which helps to filter out the moisture in the tremella fruiting bodies as much as possible and avoid the formation of a large amount of ice in the freezing box 12.

[0098] Driven by the telescopic cylinder 11 and the telescopic cylinder 2 13, the box door 1 and the box door 2 can slide up and down respectively to play the role of opening and closing. The box door 1 and the box door 2 slide up and down respectively and are connected to the two ends of the freezing box 12; when freezing is completed, the rotating shaft 19 is driven to rotate under external force, thereby driving the toggle plate 121 to rotate. The rotation of the toggle plate 121 drives a large number of frozen and dried Tremella fuciformis fruiting bodies to slide out of the freezing box 12.

[0099] The extraction structure includes a fixed plate 183, a semi-cylindrical shell 15 and a semi-cylindrical shell 16 respectively sealed and fixed on both sides of the fixed plate 183, a connecting pipe 184 and a connecting pipe 186 respectively fixed on both sides of the fixed plate 183, a filter 182 vertically fixed on the side of the fixed plate 183, and a rotating drive structure fixedly connected to both ends of the fixed plate 183. A long hole is provided on the semi-cylindrical shell 15, and the long hole is separately connected to the closing strip 14. The two ends of the closing strip 14 are respectively fixedly connected to the lifting cylinder 2 18, and the lifting cylinder 2 18 is fixed to the outer end of the fixed plate 183.

[0100] Under the lifting action of the lifting cylinder 2 18, the closing strip 14 is driven to move up and down, at this time the long strip hole is exposed, and the frozen and dried Tremella fuciformis fruiting body sliding out of the freezing box 12 enters the long strip hole and then enters the semi-cylindrical shell 15 to carry out the extraction process. At this time, water has been added to the semi-cylindrical shell 15 in advance, and the semi-cylindrical shell 15 is equivalent to the extraction structure.

[0101] After the extraction process is complete, the rotary drive mechanism tilts semi-cylindrical housing 15 to a certain angle, opening the high-temperature valve on connecting pipe 184. This allows the extract in semi-cylindrical housing 15 to flow into semi-cylindrical housing 2 16 for water bath heating. After the water bath is complete, the extract is filtered through filter 182 to obtain a transparent polysaccharide colloid. The high-temperature valve is a conventional structure and will not be described in detail here. This solution utilizes automatic control. Methods for achieving automatic control of the high-temperature valve include using a high-temperature electric control valve, a high-temperature pneumatic ball valve, or a self-operated temperature-controlled valve.

[0102] The second semi-cylindrical housing 16 is connected to an extraction pipe, which extracts the filtered water from the water bath. Fresh water can also be added through the extraction pipe (a branch pipe is connected to the side of the extraction pipe for refilling fresh water). Both the extraction pipe and the branch pipe are regulated by valve assembly 1, thus enabling multiple extraction and water bath cycles. One end of the extraction pipe is connected to the outside of the second semi-cylindrical housing 16 and is not further labeled in the drawings.

[0103] The specific working process of this embodiment 2 is as follows:

[0104] The drying Tremella fuciformis fruiting body is first cleaned by a cleaning mechanism, then enters a freezing mechanism for freezing treatment. After freezing is completed, the fruiting body enters an extraction mechanism. After extraction is completed, the material enters a freeze dryer 17 for final freezing and drying treatment. In this solution, the freeze dryer 17 is prior art and is only shown in the accompanying drawings for illustration, so it will not be described in detail here.

[0105] Specifically, the material enters the filter drum 8 through the feed hopper 7. Under the blocking action of the lifting cylinder 2, the bottom end of the filter drum 8 is blocked to temporarily prevent the dry Tremella fuciformis fruiting body from falling. At this time, driven by the motor 6, the filter drum 8 rotates to stir and clean the material. After the end, the water in the cleaning drum 5 is extracted by the suction pipe 4. This is repeated several times to finally clean the Tremella fuciformis fruiting body.

[0106] It should be noted that the side of the suction pipe 4 can also be connected to a bifurcated pipe for adding water to the cleaning tub 5, which is opened and closed by regulating valve assembly 2. Both valve assembly 1 and valve assembly 2 in this solution include at least two valves for regulating opening and closing.

[0107] The free end of the lifting cylinder 2 descends, allowing the white fungus fruiting body to enter the bottom cylinder 3, and then enter the filter tank plate 10 through the discharge pipe 9, and further filtered under the action of the filter plate 101. At this time, the rotating plate 102 rotates, and the telescopic cylinder 11 is lifted upward to open the entrance door of the freezer 12, and the white fungus fruiting body enters the freezer 12 for freezing treatment. After time t, under the action of the rotating shaft 19, the toggle plate 121 rotates to discharge the white fungus fruiting body, and the telescopic cylinder 2 13 is lifted upward to open the discharge door. At the same time, under the push of the lifting cylinder 2 18, the closing strip 14 is pushed upward, the long strip hole is opened, and the material enters the long strip hole.

[0108] At this time, the space between the semi-cylindrical shell 15 and the fixed plate 183 is used for the extraction process of the Tremella fuciformis fruiting body, and the space between the semi-cylindrical shell 2 16 and the fixed plate 183 is used for water bath heating. Connecting pipe 1 184 and connecting pipe 2 186 are respectively set at both ends of the fixed plate 183 to connect the extraction space and the water bath space. Connecting pipe 1 184 and connecting pipe 2 186 are both equipped with high-temperature valves, and filter screen 182 is used for oscillation filtration. Driven by the power motor 185, the power shaft 181 drives the fixed plate 183 to rotate, which can realize the repeated process of extraction and water bath. More preferably, the semi-cylindrical shell 2 16 is connected to the extraction pipe to extract the filtered water from the water bath, and at the same time, fresh water for the water bath can be added.

[0109] Technical features not described in the present invention can be achieved through or by adopting existing technologies and will not be described in detail here. Of course, the above description is not a limitation of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the above examples. Changes, modifications, additions or substitutions made by ordinary technicians in this technical field within the essential scope of the present invention should also fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a Tremella polysaccharide extract, characterized in that: The specific steps include: Step S1: pre-extraction treatment, adding 20 to 40 times the weight of pure water to the Tremella fuciformis fruiting body, rehydrating at room temperature for 20 to 30 minutes, washing, and removing impurities, and repeating at least three times; Step S2: removing the rehydrated Tremella fuciformis fruiting bodies, packaging them, and then freezing them in a -20 to -40°C freezer for 4 to 8 hours, and finally taking out the frozen rehydrated Tremella fuciformis fruiting bodies; Step S3: adding 2 to 5 times the weight ratio of pure water, placing it in the extraction structure, heating it to a temperature of 90 to 100° C., and steaming and extracting for 60 to 90 minutes; Step S4: Based on step S3, heating in a water bath, and filtering with a 150-300 mesh filter (182) to obtain a transparent polysaccharide colloid; Step S5: Repeat steps S3 to S4 once for the transparent polysaccharide colloid obtained by filtration in step S4; Step S6: placing the polysaccharide colloid in step S5 on a shelf of a freeze dryer (17), pre-freezing at a temperature of -20 to -40°C for 4 to 8 hours, the vacuum degree of the freeze dryer (17) being -0.2 to -0.1 MPa, the cold trap temperature being -40 to -50°C, the vacuum degree analysis and drying temperature being 0 to 40°C, and freeze-drying for 24 to 36 hours; Step S7: After the temperature drops to room temperature, take out the freeze-dried Tremella polysaccharide.

2. The method for preparing a Tremella polysaccharide extract according to claim 1, wherein In step S4, the oscillation filtration is assisted by pulsed ultrasonic vibration, the ultrasonic frequency is 35-45 kHz, the power density is 15-20 W / mL, and the working / rest time ratio is 2:1-4:

1.

3. A preparation device for Tremella polysaccharide extract, using the preparation method for Tremella polysaccharide extract according to any one of claims 1 to 2, comprising a support (1), characterized in that: The support (1) is provided with a cleaning structure for cleaning the dry Tremella fuciformis fruiting bodies, a freezing structure connected to the cleaning structure, an extraction structure arranged below the freezing structure, and a freeze dryer (17) arranged below the extraction structure.

4. The preparation device of a Tremella polysaccharide extract according to claim 3, characterized in that: The cleaning structure comprises a vertically arranged cleaning cylinder (5), a bottom cylinder (3) coaxially connected to the bottom end of the cleaning cylinder (5), a filter cylinder (8) coaxially arranged inside the cleaning cylinder (5), a motor (6) connected to the filter cylinder (8), a feed hopper (7) coaxially connected to the top of the filter cylinder (8), a lifting cylinder (2) arranged below the bottom cylinder (3), a suction pipe (4) one end of which is connected to the cleaning cylinder (5), and a discharge pipe (9) one end of which is connected to the outside of the bottom cylinder (3), a rubber plug is fixedly provided at the free end of the lifting cylinder (2), and the rubber plug is movably connected to the inside of the bottom cylinder (3) up and down, and the bottom end of the filter cylinder (8) is in contact with the top end of the bottom cylinder (3).

5. The preparation device of Tremella polysaccharide extract according to claim 4, characterized in that: The freezing structure comprises a freezing box (12), a first door and a second door movably arranged on both sides of the freezing box (12), a first telescopic cylinder (11) connected to the first door, a second telescopic cylinder (13) connected to the second door, a toggle plate (121) arranged near the second door, and a rotating shaft (19) connected to the toggle plate (121); A filter slot plate (10) is provided near the box door, a filter plate (101) is provided on the inner side of the filter slot plate (10), a rotating plate (102) is provided above the filter plate (101), the top end of the rotating plate (102) is rotatably connected to the filter slot plate (10), and one end of the discharge pipe (9) extends into the filter slot plate (10).

6. The preparation device of Tremella polysaccharide extract according to claim 5, characterized in that: The extraction structure includes a fixed plate (183), a semi-cylindrical shell 1 (15) and a semi-cylindrical shell 2 (16) respectively fixed on both sides of the fixed plate (183), a connecting pipe 1 (184) and a connecting pipe 2 (186) respectively fixed on both sides of the fixed plate (183), a filter screen (182) vertically fixed to the side of the fixed plate (183), and a rotation drive structure fixedly connected to both ends of the fixed plate (183); a long hole is provided on the semi-cylindrical shell 1 (15), and the long hole is separately connected to the closing strip (14); and the two ends of the closing strip (14) are respectively fixedly connected to the lifting cylinder 2 (18); The second lifting cylinder (18) is fixed to the outer end of the fixed plate (183), and the first connecting pipe (184) and the second connecting pipe (186) are both provided with high-temperature valves.

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