Vertical shaft construction technology

Abstract

The invention discloses a vertical shaft construction technology, and relates to the technical field of vertical shaft construction, and the vertical shaft construction technology comprises the following steps: S1, surveying and setting out; s2, water stop mixing piles are arranged on the periphery of the vertical shaft for water prevention; s3, a pouring groove of the fore shaft ring beam is excavated, and the fore shaft ring beam is poured; s4, the vertical shaft is excavated in a layered and partitioned mode; S5, grating supports are arranged on the well wall with the excavated soil, concrete is anchored and sprayed, and a supporting structure is arranged to support the well wall; s51, the supporting structure comprises two oppositely-arranged external expansion supporting assemblies and a telescopic driving piece arranged between the two external expansion supporting assemblies, and the external expansion supporting assemblies are positioned at the preset positions of the well wall; s52, a telescopic driving piece is hoisted to the position between the two external expansion supporting assemblies, and the telescopic driving piece is started to push the external expansion supporting assemblies to expand towards the outer side of the vertical shaft so as to support the shaft wall; and S6, grid supports are laid at the well bottom, and concrete is poured for sealing the bottom. The supporting structure has the effects that the vertical shaft construction efficiency is improved, and the possibility that the supporting structure cracks the shaft wall is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of vertical shaft construction, and in particular to a vertical shaft construction process. Background Art

[0002] A vertical shaft is a vertical, well-shaped conduit with upright walls, commonly used in underground projects such as mines and water conservancy and hydropower projects. It serves multiple functions, including ventilation, hoisting ore or waste rock, lifting materials and equipment, transporting personnel, and laying pipelines and cables. The cross-section of a vertical shaft is typically circular or square, with its diameter and side length determined by actual needs. During shaft construction, appropriate support measures are required to ensure the stability and safety of the shaft walls.

[0003] In related technology, after the shaft wall is cast, a square vertical shaft requires a support structure to improve its stability. To install the support structure, steel members protruding from the shaft wall are pre-embedded during the shaft wall casting process. After the shaft wall is cast, adjacent steel members are welded together using channel steel to create reinforcement, and steel pipes are welded together to support the opposing shaft walls. The channel steel and steel pipes are then removed after the shaft construction is completed.

[0004] However, the operation of disassembling and assembling channel steel and steel structural parts, as well as steel pipes and steel structural parts, is rather cumbersome, affecting the efficiency of shaft construction. Moreover, since the shaft wall is a concrete structure, there is the effect of thermal expansion and contraction, and the rigidly connected channel steel and steel structural parts, as well as steel pipes and steel structural parts, are prone to cracking of the shaft wall. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to improve the efficiency of shaft construction and reduce the possibility of the supporting structure causing cracks in the shaft wall, the present application provides a shaft construction process.

[0006] The present application provides a shaft construction process that adopts the following technical solution: A vertical shaft construction process comprises the following steps: S1. Survey and set out: re-survey the wire network and leveling network and their control points within the construction area provided by the construction unit. They can only be used after verification; S2. Construction of water-stop curtain with mixing piles: water-stop mixing piles are installed outside the shaft for waterproofing. The depth of the water-stop mixing piles must be greater than the depth of the shaft. S3, construction of the locking ring beam: excavate the casting trench for the locking ring beam according to the design coordinates and cast the locking ring beam; S4, excavation of vertical shaft, excavation in layers and blocks, and lifting of excavated materials by crane; S5. Setting grid support and anchoring concrete on the well wall of the excavated soil, and setting a supporting structure to support the well wall; Step S5 includes: S51, the support structure includes two sets of outward expansion support assemblies arranged opposite to each other and a telescopic drive member arranged between the two sets of outward expansion support assemblies, and the outward expansion support assemblies are positioned at a preset position on the well wall; S52, hoisting the telescopic drive member between the two outward-expanding support assemblies, starting the telescopic drive member to push the outward-expanding support assembly to expand outward from the center of the shaft, so as to support the shaft wall with the outward-expanding support assembly; S6. Seal the bottom of the shaft by laying grid support at the bottom of the shaft and pouring concrete to seal the bottom.

[0007] By adopting the above technical solution, not only the efficiency of shaft construction is improved, but also the risk of the supporting structure causing cracks in the shaft wall is significantly reduced. Specifically, the design of the outward-expanding support assembly and telescopic drive allows the outward-expanding support assembly to be driven by the telescopic drive after the shaft wall is cast, quickly completing the installation of the support structure. This avoids the complex channel steel and steel pipe welding operations required in traditional methods, greatly simplifying the construction process and shortening construction time. Furthermore, by adjusting the thrust of the telescopic drive on the outward-expanding support assembly, the support force of the outward-expanding support assembly on the shaft wall can be adjusted to cope with minor deformation of the shaft wall due to thermal expansion and contraction, thereby reducing the risk of shaft wall cracking. Furthermore, surveying and setting out ensures the accuracy of all data before construction, avoiding errors during subsequent construction. The construction of a water-stop curtain with mixed piles effectively prevents groundwater from infiltrating the shaft, ensuring a dry interior and improving construction safety and quality. The construction of a locking ring beam enhances the stability of the shaft mouth and prevents collapse during excavation. The layered and block-by-block excavation method effectively controls the excavation progress and reduces safety hazards during shaft excavation. Furthermore, crane-assisted excavation improves construction efficiency. Laying a grid support at the shaft bottom and pouring a concrete bottom seal further enhance the overall stability and safety of the shaft.

[0008] Optionally, the outward expansion support assembly includes a first slide rail, at least two second slide rails and at least two angle support assemblies, the first slide rail is arranged on the well wall on one side of the long side of the shaft, and the two second slide rails are respectively arranged on the well walls on both sides of the two short sides of the shaft; the angle support assembly is arranged between adjacent first slide rails and second slide rail members; the angle support assembly includes a connecting rod and a first slider and a second slider respectively hinged at both ends of the connecting rod, the first slider is slidably inserted into the first slide rail, the second slider is slidably inserted into the second slide rail, and a first elastic member is provided between the second slide rail and the second slider for causing the second slider to pop out toward the end of the second slide rail; In step S51, positioning the outward expansion support assembly at a preset position on the well wall includes the following steps: S511, fixing the first slide rail to the grille support on one side of the long side of the shaft, and installing the two second slide rails on the grille supports on both sides of the two short sides of the shaft respectively; S512, anchoring and spraying concrete on the grid support to fix the first slide rail and the second slide rail on the well wall; S513, slidingly inserting the two first sliders of the two corner support assemblies into the two ends of the first slide rail respectively, slidingly inserting the two second sliders of the two corner support assemblies into the two second slide rails respectively and abutting against the first elastic member.

[0009] By adopting the above technical solution, the plug-in connection method of the corner support assembly with the first slide rail and the second slide rail can effectively reduce the installation and removal workload of the support structure during the shaft construction process, thereby improving the overall construction efficiency of the shaft; the design of the first elastic member can provide a certain buffer for the second slide rail and the second slider when the shaft changes due to thermal expansion and contraction along the length direction of the second slide rail, thereby reducing the risk of shaft wall cracking caused by rigid connection and enhancing the overall stability and safety of the shaft.

[0010] Optionally, the first slider includes a sliding portion and a guide portion connected to each other, the sliding portion is slidably arranged in the first slide rail, the guide portion extends to the outside of the first slide rail, the guide portion and the sliding portion are arranged at an acute angle, and the opening of the acute angle faces the second slide rail on the same side of the guide portion; In step S52, starting the telescopic drive member to push the two outward expansion support assemblies to expand outward from the center of the shaft includes the following steps: S521, starting the telescopic driving member so that the output end of the telescopic driving member slides and abuts against the guide portion; S522: When the output end of the telescopic driving member contacts the well wall, the telescopic driving member is stopped.

[0011] By adopting the above technical solution, it is possible to achieve precise positioning and reliable support of the outward expansion support assembly. Specifically, the design of the sliding portion and the guide portion enables the first slider to slide smoothly within the first slide rail. When the telescopic drive member is activated, the output end of the telescopic drive member slides against the guide portion, which can accurately control the expansion distance of the outward expansion support assembly and avoid damage to the well wall due to excessive expansion. Finally, when the output end of the telescopic drive member abuts the well wall, the telescopic drive member is stopped, ensuring that the outward expansion support assembly is tightly attached to the well wall, further enhancing the support effect on the well wall along the length of the second slide rail.

[0012] Optionally, the following steps are also included: S7. Remove the supporting structure, and gradually remove it from bottom to top during the subsequent structural construction and backfill construction in the shaft; In step S7, dismantling the support structure includes the following steps: S71, starting the telescopic driving member, causing the output end of the telescopic driving member to retract and disengage from the abutment against the well wall and the guide portion; S72, folding the first slider and the connecting rod to separate the first slider from the first slide rail, pulling out the second slider from the second slide rail, separating the second slider from the second slide rail, and separating the entire corner support assembly from the well wall; S73, separating the first slide rail and the second slide rail from the well wall.

[0013] By adopting the above-mentioned technical solution, the internal support structure of the shaft can be effectively and rapidly dismantled, avoiding the safety hazards and inefficiencies associated with the traditional method of manual disassembly, which requires extensive manual labor. Specifically, the reverse operation of the telescopic drive element allows the support structure, which was originally closely attached to the shaft wall, to be smoothly detached. Combined with the folding design of the first slider and connecting rod, it facilitates subsequent recycling and reuse, greatly improving the safety and economic efficiency of the construction process. At the same time, this solution also reduces the impact on other structures within the shaft, ensuring the overall quality of the shaft construction.

[0014] Optionally, an abutment rod is provided at the output end of the telescopic drive member, and the side of the abutment rod facing away from the telescopic drive member is used to abut against the well wall on the side where the first slide rail is installed. Rollers are provided at both ends of the abutment rod, and the rollers are used to roll and abut against the guide part.

[0015] By adopting the above technical solution, the design of the abutment rod enables the telescopic drive component to push the outward expansion support assembly outward more smoothly, and enhances the supporting effect of the telescopic drive component on the well wall along the length direction of the second slide rail; the design of the roller reduces the friction resistance when the abutment rod abuts the guide part, making the expansion process of the outward expansion support assembly smoother.

[0016] Optionally, the roller is inserted into the end of the connecting rod, and a second elastic member for making the roller pop out of the connecting rod is provided between the end of the roller inserted into the connecting rod and the connecting rod.

[0017] By adopting the above technical solution, the roller can better adapt to the changes in the contact surface between the guide part and the second slide rail, reducing friction resistance; at the same time, it can provide a certain buffer for the corner support assembly and the abutment rod when the vertical shaft changes due to thermal expansion and contraction along the length direction of the first slide rail, thereby reducing the risk of shaft wall cracking caused by rigid connection and enhancing the overall stability and safety of the vertical shaft.

[0018] Optionally, the two second slide rails on the well wall on the same side of the two outward-expanding support assemblies can be arranged into one second slide rail; the cross section of the first slide rail is C-shaped and the C-shaped opening faces away from the installation well wall.

[0019] By adopting the above technical solution, the installation process of the outward expansion support assembly can be effectively simplified, the number of required components can be reduced, and the overall construction efficiency of the shaft can be further improved; the C-shaped first slide rail is a semi-open design, so that when installing the corner support assembly, the first slider can be quickly installed on the first slide rail.

[0020] Optionally, step S511 includes the following steps: S5111. Pre-weld the steel bars on the grid support, weld the first slide rail on the steel bars on the long sides of the shaft, and weld the second slide rail on the steel bars on the short sides of the shaft. During the welding process, ensure that the first slide rail and the second slide rail are in a horizontal position; preferably, the steel bars can also be welded on the steel bars. S5112. Paint eye-catching paint or wrap warning tape on the outside of the first and second slide rails; S5113. Wrap the first and second guide rails with dustproof cloth.

[0021] By adopting the above technical solution, the slide rail is ensured to be in a horizontal position, which can ensure the stability and accuracy of the outward support assembly and avoid support failure caused by track tilt; the method of painting eye-catching paint or wrapping warning tape increases safety during the construction process and prevents construction workers from accidentally touching the slide rail and causing accidental injuries; using dust-proof cloth to wrap the first and second slide rails can effectively prevent concrete and debris from entering the interior of the slide rails during pouring, so as to maintain the cleanliness and smoothness of the slide rails and facilitate the subsequent installation of corner support assemblies.

[0022] Optionally, the S3 step includes the following steps: S31. Determine the shaft position according to the coordinates provided by the design and excavate the casting trench for the locking ring beam; S32. Tie the steel cage in the casting trench, set up the formwork, and tie the railing columns on the steel cage; S33, pour the lock ring beam concrete, weld the railing crossbars on the railing columns to form a railing after the concrete solidifies, and set a circle of retaining wall on the lock ring beam.

[0023] By adopting the above technical solution, the stability of the locking ring beam and the construction safety can be ensured during the shaft construction process. Specifically, excavating the casting groove of the locking ring beam according to the coordinates can ensure the accuracy of the construction position and avoid deviation; setting up railings can provide a warning range for the shaft to prevent people from accidentally falling into the shaft; the retaining wall can effectively prevent ground water from entering the shaft, ensuring a safe and dry construction environment.

[0024] Optionally, step S4 includes the following steps: S41. Drilling a drainage well in the vertical shaft excavation area. The depth of the drainage well is greater than the depth of the vertical shaft. A drainage pump is installed in the drainage well to drain water. S42. Use an excavator to dig a vertical shaft from top to bottom, diagonally excavating in blocks, leaving a core of soil in the middle; S43. Use a crane to transport the material bucket to the soil, and temporarily store the soil on site. When it reaches a certain level, use a dump truck to transport it to the waste disposal site for disposal.

[0025] By adopting the above technical solution, not only can groundwater be effectively removed during the shaft excavation process, avoiding construction difficulties caused by groundwater seeping into the soil layer that needs to be excavated; it can also improve the efficiency and safety of shaft excavation, reduce the risk of earthwork collapse, and at the same time optimize the soil transportation process, thereby improving the continuity and efficiency of the entire shaft excavation operation.

[0026] In summary, this application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects: 1. It improves the efficiency of shaft construction and significantly reduces the risk of cracking the shaft wall due to the supporting structure. Specifically, the design of the outward expansion support assembly and the telescopic drive member allows the outward expansion support assembly to be driven by the telescopic drive member after the shaft wall is cast, thereby quickly completing the installation of the support structure. This avoids the complex channel steel and steel pipe welding operations required in traditional methods, greatly simplifying the construction process and shortening construction time. At the same time, by adjusting the thrust of the telescopic drive member on the outward expansion support assembly, the support force of the outward expansion support assembly on the shaft wall can also be adjusted to cope with the slight deformation of the shaft wall due to thermal expansion and contraction, thereby reducing the risk of shaft wall cracking. In addition, measurement and layout can ensure the accuracy of all data before construction, avoiding errors during subsequent construction. The construction of the mixing pile water-stop curtain can effectively prevent groundwater from seeping into the shaft, ensuring the dryness of the shaft interior and improving construction safety and quality. The construction of the lock ring beam can enhance the stability of the shaft mouth and prevent collapse during excavation. The layered and block excavation method can effectively control the excavation progress and reduce safety hazards during shaft excavation. At the same time, the use of cranes to lift the excavated material improves construction efficiency. The laying of grid support at the bottom of the shaft and the pouring of concrete to seal the bottom further improve the overall stability and safety of the shaft. 2. The plug-and-socket connection between the angle support assembly and the first and second rails effectively reduces the workload of installing and removing the support structure during shaft construction, improving overall shaft construction efficiency. The design of the first elastic member provides a certain degree of cushioning for the second rail and second slider when the shaft wall expands and contracts due to heat along the length of the first rail, thereby reducing the risk of shaft wall cracking caused by rigid connections and enhancing the overall stability and safety of the shaft. 3. Ability to achieve precise positioning and reliable support of the outward expansion support assembly. Specifically, the design of the sliding portion and the guide portion enables the first slider to slide smoothly within the first slide rail. When the telescopic drive member is activated, the output end of the telescopic drive member slides against the guide portion, accurately controlling the expansion distance of the outward expansion support assembly and preventing damage to the well wall due to excessive expansion. Finally, when the output end of the telescopic drive member abuts the well wall, the telescopic drive member is stopped, ensuring that the outward expansion support assembly is tightly attached to the well wall, further enhancing the support effect on the well wall along the length of the second slide rail. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 It is a flow chart of the vertical shaft construction process.

[0028] Figure 2 This is a flow chart of the construction of the lock ring beam.

[0029] Figure 3 This is a flow chart of shaft excavation.

[0030] Figure 4 It is a flow chart for setting up a support structure to support the well wall.

[0031] Figure 5 This is a top partial cross-sectional view of the support structure of an embodiment of the present application.

[0032] Figure 6 This is a top view of the final supporting state of the supporting structure of an embodiment of the present application.

[0033] Figure 7 This is a front half-sectional view of the support structure of an embodiment of the present application.

[0034] Figure 8 It is a flowchart for dismantling the support structure.

[0035] Explanation of the accompanying drawings: 100, vertical shaft; 101, shaft wall; 1, outward expansion support assembly; 11, first slide rail; 12, second slide rail; 13, corner support assembly; 131, first slider; 1311, sliding portion; 1312, guide portion; 132, second slider; 133, connecting rod; 2, telescopic drive member; 3, first elastic member; 4, abutment rod; 5, roller; 6, second elastic member. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] The following is combined with Figure 1-8 This application is described in further detail.

[0037] The embodiment of the present application discloses a vertical shaft construction process.

[0038] Reference Figure 1 In this embodiment, the shaft construction process includes the following steps: S1. Survey and lay out the lines. Re-survey the guide wire network, leveling network and their control points within the construction area provided by the construction unit. They can only be used after verification.

[0039] Preferably, during plane measurement, three conductor points are first led to the vicinity of the shaft 100, and a three-level conductor plane control network is laid out (i.e., the original control network is used as the plane control network) to form a closed conductor network, and then the center and four corner coordinates of the shaft 100 are staked out through the conductor network; during elevation measurement, the elevation control is carried out using the technology of fourth-order urban leveling, and a level is used for observation, with one round trip each.

[0040] S2. Construction of water-stop curtain with mixing piles: water-stop mixing piles are set outside the shaft 100 for waterproofing. The injection depth of the water-stop mixing piles must be greater than the depth of the shaft 100. A three-axis mixing pile machine with a skip-type double-hole full-set re-mixing construction method is used.

[0041] Preferably, cold joints that occur during construction can be addressed by adding additional piles outside the retaining piles at the joints. This additional pile should be added after the retaining piles have reached a certain strength to prevent deviation during drilling and ensure effective filling. The overlap thickness between the additional piles and the retaining piles will be determined based on actual conditions. If leaks are discovered in the wall during construction, they must be sealed promptly. Drainage pipes can be inserted into the seepage points in the foundation pit and sealed with quick-setting waterproof cement mortar around the pipes. Once the cement mortar reaches a certain strength, the pipes can be tied.

[0042] S3. Construction of the locking ring beam: according to the design coordinates, excavate the casting trench for the locking ring beam and cast the locking ring beam.

[0043] Further, refer to Figure 2 , the S3 step includes the following steps: S31. Determine the position of the shaft 100 according to the coordinates provided by the design, and excavate a casting trench for the locking ring beam. During the excavation process, use a level to measure and ensure the flatness and verticality of the casting trench. S32. Tie the steel cage in the casting trench, check to ensure uniform spacing between the steel bars to prevent looseness, then set up formwork on both sides of the steel cage, seal the joints on the casting surface of the formwork with tape, ensure the formwork is flat, and tie the railing posts to the steel cage. Use a level to measure the verticality of the railing posts during tying. S33. Pour the lock ring beam concrete. During the pouring process, check the four corner coordinates to ensure the accurate position of the lock ring beam, and then ensure the accurate position of the lower vertical shaft 100. After the lock ring beam concrete solidifies, weld the railing crossbars on the railing columns to form a railing, and set a circle of retaining wall on the lock ring beam.

[0044] S4, vertical shaft 100 is excavated, excavated in layers and blocks, and the excavated materials are lifted by crane.

[0045] Further, refer to Figure 3 , step S4 includes the following steps: S41. Drill a drainage well in the excavation area of the vertical shaft 100. The drilling depth of the drainage well is greater than the depth of the vertical shaft 100. A drainage pump is set in the drainage well to drain water. Preferably, the drainage well can be drilled using a drilling machine. During the drilling process, attention should be paid to maintaining the verticality and depth of the drilled hole to ensure the effectiveness of the drainage well. Well pipes are set simultaneously during the drilling process. The drainage pump is reasonably selected according to the size of the vertical shaft 100 and the flow rate of groundwater to ensure that the groundwater level is always more than 500 mm below the excavation surface. During construction, the well pipe on the top of the drainage well is gradually removed as the vertical shaft 100 is excavated deeper. S42. Use an excavator to excavate the vertical shaft 100 from top to bottom, diagonally excavating in sections while leaving a core of soil in the middle. Preferably, excavation of the vertical shaft 100 can begin after the strength of the concrete ring beam reaches 70%. A jackhammer can be used to assist in excavation of the miscellaneous fill layer and the protruding areas of the mixing piles. If the water-stop mixing piles leak during the excavation of the vertical shaft 100, they can be reinforced by grouting with a small pipe. S43. Use a crane to transport the material bucket to unearth the soil, and temporarily store it on site. After reaching a certain level, use a dump truck to transport it to the waste soil site for disposal; preferably, the crane legs are not less than 1.5 meters away from the vertical shaft 100, and soil shall not be piled up for a long time within a 5-meter range around the vertical shaft 100.

[0046] S5. Grid support is set on the shaft wall 101 of the excavated soil and concrete is sprayed with anchors. Multiple groups of support structures are set in the height direction of the shaft 100 to support the shaft wall 101.

[0047] Further, the steps include: S51. Reference Figure 5 and Figure 6 In this embodiment, the support structure includes two groups of outward expansion support components 1 arranged opposite to each other and a telescopic drive member 2 arranged between the two groups of outward expansion support components 1, so as to position the outward expansion support components 1 at a preset position on the shaft wall 101; one group of outward expansion support components 1 includes a first slide rail 11, at least two second slide rails 12 and at least two corner support components 13, the first slide rail 11 is arranged parallel to the horizontal plane on the shaft wall 101 on the long side of the shaft 100, and the first slide rail 11 can be made of stainless steel or aluminum alloy to improve its corrosion resistance and strength; the two second slide rails 12 are located on the horizontal plane with the first slide rail 11, and the two second slide rails 12 are respectively arranged on the shaft walls 101 on both sides of the two short sides of the shaft 100, and the second slide rails 12 can also be made of stainless steel or aluminum alloy. In other embodiments, the first slide rail 11 and the second slide rail 12 may not be on the same horizontal plane.

[0048] Reference Figure 5 and Figure 6 In this embodiment, the angle support assembly 13 is arranged between the adjacent first slide rail 11 and the second slide rail 12; the angle support assembly 13 includes a connecting rod 133, a first slider 131 and a second slider 132, one end of the connecting rod 133 is hinged to one end of the first slider 131, and the other end of the connecting rod 133 is hinged to one end of the second slider 132. The length of the connecting rod 133 can be adjusted according to the actual size of the well wall 101. The first slider 131 and the second slider 132 can be made of cast iron, and the surface is galvanized to improve its wear resistance and corrosion resistance.

[0049] The end of the first slider 131 away from the connecting rod 133 is slidably inserted into one end of the first slide rail 11, and the end of the second slider 132 away from the connecting rod 133 is slidably inserted into one end of the second slide rail 12. A first elastic member 3 is provided between the second slider 132 and the second slide rail 12. The first elastic member 3 can be a spring. The first elastic member 3 is used to make the second slider 132 pop out toward the end of the second slider 132; in other embodiments, the two ends of the connecting rod 133 can also be hinged to the middle part of the first slider 131 and the second slider 132 respectively, and rollers 5 can be installed on the abutting surface between the first slider 131 and the first slide rail 11 and the abutting surface between the second slider 132 and the second slide rail 12 to reduce friction resistance.

[0050] Preferably, the cross-section of the first slide rail 11 is C-shaped, and the C-shaped opening faces away from the installation well wall 101. The C-shaped first slide rail 11 can facilitate the installation of the first slider 131; the second slide rail 12 is square tubular, and the square tubular second slide rail 12 can enable the second slider 132 to better transmit the force from the connecting rod 133 to the second slide rail 12 to support the well wall 101; the two second slide rails 12 on the well wall 101 on the same side of the two groups of outward-expanded support assemblies 1 can be set to be shared by one second slide rail 12 to reduce the installation steps and improve construction efficiency.

[0051] Reference Figure 5 In this embodiment, the first slider 131 includes a sliding portion 1311 and a guide portion 1312. One end of the sliding portion 1311 is slidably arranged in the first slide rail 11, and the other end is hinged to the connecting rod 133. One end of the guide portion 1312 is connected to the sliding portion 1311, and the other end extends to the outside of the first slide rail 11 for slidingly abutting against the output end of the telescopic drive member 2. The guide portion 1312 is arranged at an acute angle to the sliding portion 1311, and the opening of the acute angle faces the second slide rail 12 on the same side as the guide portion 1312. The side of the guide portion 1312 that slides against the telescopic drive member 2 is perpendicular to the horizontal plane.

[0052] Reference Figure 7 In this embodiment, the telescopic drive member 2 can adopt a double-headed hydraulic cylinder or a double-headed electric push rod. The double-headed hydraulic cylinder is suitable for the construction of large vertical shafts 100 and has greater thrust and stability; the double-headed electric push rod is suitable for the construction of small vertical shafts 100 and has higher flexibility and precision.

[0053] The output end of the telescopic drive member 2 is provided with an abutment rod 4, which is arranged parallel to the second slide rail 12. The side of the abutment rod 4 facing away from the telescopic drive member 2 is used to abut the well wall 101 on the side where the first slide rail 11 is installed. Both ends of the abutment rod 4 are provided with rollers 5, which are used to roll and abut against the side of the second slide rail 12 facing away from the guide portion 1312. The rollers 5 are inserted into the end of the connecting rod 133, and a second elastic member 6 is provided between the end of the roller 5 inserted into the connecting rod 133 and the connecting rod 133. The second elastic member 6 can be a spring and is used to cause the roller 5 to pop out toward the end of the abutment rod 4.

[0054] Preferably, the abutment rod 4 is higher than the second slide rail 12 and is arranged above the second slide rail 12. This design can prevent the telescopic driving member 2 from losing its abutment force with the well wall 101, and play a certain anti-falling role.

[0055] Further, refer to Figure 4 In step S51, positioning the outward expansion support assembly 1 at a preset position on the well wall 101 includes the following steps: S511 , fixing the first slide rail 11 on the grille support on one side of the long side of the shaft 100 , and fixing the two second slide rails 12 on the grille supports on both sides of the two short sides of the shaft 100 .

[0056] Furthermore, S511 includes the following steps: S5111. Pre-weld the steel bars on the grid support according to the preset positions. Weld the first slide rails 11 to the steel bars on the long sides of the shaft 100, and weld the second slide rails 12 to the steel bars on the short sides of the shaft 100. During the welding process, use measuring equipment to ensure that the extension directions of the first slide rails 11 and the second slide rails 12 are both parallel to the horizontal plane and that the first slide rails 11 and the second slide rails 12 are on the same horizontal plane. S5112. Paint eye-catching paint or wrap warning tape around the outside of the first slide rail 11 and the second slide rail 12 to indicate the warning range and remind construction workers to pay attention to safety; S5113. Wrap the first slide rail 11 and the second slide rail 12 with a dustproof cloth to prevent concrete or debris from entering the well wall 101 when pouring the well wall 101.

[0057] S512 , anchoring concrete on the grid support to fix the first slide rail 11 and the second slide rail 12 on the well wall 101 .

[0058] Preferably, before spraying concrete, check the size of the excavation section, use high-pressure air to clean the loose soil on the excavation surface, clean up the rebound scraps from the last spraying, and bury the mark for controlling the thickness of the sprayed concrete; the spraying operation should be carried out in layers and sections, and the spraying order should be from bottom to top; it should not be piled up in one place during spraying, and the spraying should be dense without missing reinforcement. The surface of the concrete after spraying should be flat and straight; before each spraying of concrete, the joints of the previous sprayed concrete should be roughened and the soil adhering to the surface should be removed to ensure the density of the concrete at the joints and strive for a smooth surface.

[0059] S513 , slide and insert the two first sliders 131 of the two corner support assemblies 13 into the two ends of the first slide rail 11 respectively, slide and insert the two second sliders 132 of the two corner support assemblies 13 into the two second slide rails 12 respectively and abut against the first elastic member 3 .

[0060] It should be emphasized that the installation method of the two sets of outward expansion support assemblies 1 is the same, and the next step can only be performed after the installation of the two sets of outward expansion support assemblies 1 is completed.

[0061] S52. Hoist the telescopic drive member 2 between the two outward-expanding support assemblies 1, ensure that the telescopic drive member 2 is parallel to the horizontal plane, and the two output ends of the telescopic drive member 2 are perpendicular to the shaft walls 101 on both long sides of the shaft 100, start the telescopic drive member 2 to push the outward-expanding support assemblies 1 to expand toward the outside of the center of the shaft 100, so as to use the outward-expanding support assemblies 1 to support the shaft walls 101.

[0062] Further, refer to Figure 4 In step S52, starting the telescopic driving member 2 to push the two outward expansion support assemblies 1 to expand outward from the center of the shaft 100 includes the following steps: S521, start the telescopic driving member 2 to drive the abutment rod 4 toward the well wall, so that the roller 5 at the end of the abutment rod 4 slides and abuts against the side of the guide portion 1312 that is away from the second slide rail 12 on the same side of the guide portion 1312 itself; S522 , when the side of the to-be-abutted rod 4 away from the to-be-extended driving member 2 abuts against the well wall 101 , the extension and retraction of the driving member 2 is stopped.

[0063] S6, reference Figure 1 , the bottom of vertical shaft 100 is sealed, and grid support is laid at the bottom of the shaft according to the requirements of the design drawings. The method is the same as that of shaft wall 101; a concrete pump truck is used for pouring, and concrete is poured to seal the bottom of vertical shaft 100.

[0064] Preferably, before laying the grid support at the bottom of the well, a sump needs to be excavated at the bottom of the well, and concrete pipes are set in the sump to reinforce the pit wall, and the bottom plate structure at the sump is deepened and reinforced.

[0065] S7, dismantling the supporting structure, and gradually dismantling the supporting structure from bottom to top as the structure construction and backfill construction in the shaft 100 proceed in subsequent stages; Further, refer to Figure 8 In step S7, removing the support structure includes the following steps: S71, start the telescopic driving member 2, so that the output end of the telescopic driving member 2 retracts and disengages from the abutment against the well wall 101 and the guide portion 1312; S72, fold the first slider 131 and the connecting rod 133 to separate the first slider 131 from the first slide rail 11, pull out the second slider 132 from the second slide rail 12, separate the second slider 132 from the second slide rail 12, and separate the entire corner support assembly 13 from the well wall 101; S73, separating the first slide rail 11 and the second slide rail 12 from the well wall 101. During the separation, a cutting machine can be used to directly cut off the connection between the steel bars in the well wall 101 and the first slide rail 11 and the second slide rail 12.

[0066] The implementation principle of a vertical shaft construction process in an embodiment of the present application is as follows: by utilizing the telescopic drive member 2 to push the outward expansion support assembly 1 to expand and support the shaft wall 101, the efficiency of the construction of the vertical shaft 100 can be effectively improved, and the risk of the support structure causing cracks in the shaft wall 101 can be reduced. In addition, the provision of a locking ring beam can improve the stability and safety of the vertical shaft 100, prevent rainwater and groundwater from entering the vertical shaft 100, and extend the service life of the vertical shaft 100. During the excavation of the vertical shaft 100, the use of a drainage well and block diagonal excavation methods can effectively reduce the risks during the construction of the vertical shaft 100 and improve construction efficiency and safety. During the bottom sealing step of the vertical shaft 100, through the reasonable setting of a sump and pouring of concrete, the sealing and stability of the vertical shaft 100 can be effectively improved, groundwater and soil can be prevented from entering the vertical shaft 100, and the service life of the vertical shaft 100 can be extended. During the step of removing the support structure, the outward expansion support assembly 1 and the telescopic drive member 2 can be quickly separated from the shaft wall 101, greatly improving the efficiency of the support structure removal.

[0067] The above are all preferred embodiments of the present application, and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present application. Therefore, any equivalent changes made based on the structure, shape, and principle of the present application should be included in the scope of protection of the present application.

Claims

1. A vertical shaft construction process, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Survey and set out: re-survey the wire network and leveling network and their control points within the construction area provided by the construction unit. They can only be used after verification; S2, construction of a water-stopping curtain with mixing piles, setting water-stopping mixing piles on the periphery of the shaft (100) for waterproofing, the depth of the water-stopping mixing piles must be greater than the depth of the shaft (100); S3, construction of the locking ring beam: excavate the casting trench for the locking ring beam according to the design coordinates and cast the locking ring beam; S4, excavation of the vertical shaft (100), excavation in layers and blocks, and lifting and transporting the excavated earth by crane; S5, setting a grid support on the well wall (101) of the excavated soil and anchoring and spraying concrete, and setting a supporting structure to support the well wall (101); The S5 step includes: S51, the support structure comprises two groups of outward-expanding support assemblies (1) arranged opposite to each other and a telescopic driving member (2) arranged between the two groups of outward-expanding support assemblies (1), and the outward-expanding support assemblies (1) are positioned at a preset position on the well wall (101); S52, hoisting the telescopic drive member (2) between the two outward-expanding support assemblies (1), starting the telescopic drive member (2) to push the outward-expanding support assembly (1) to expand toward the outside of the center of the shaft (100), so as to support the shaft wall (101) with the outward-expanding support assembly (1); S6, the bottom of the vertical shaft (100) is sealed by laying grid support at the bottom of the shaft and pouring concrete to seal the bottom.

2. A vertical shaft construction process according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outward expansion support assembly (1) comprises a first slide rail (11), at least two second slide rails (12) and at least two corner support assemblies (13), wherein the first slide rail (11) is arranged on a shaft wall (101) on one side of a long side of the shaft (100), and the two second slide rails (12) are respectively arranged on the shaft walls (101) on both sides of two short sides of the shaft (100); the corner support assembly (13) is arranged between adjacent first slide rails (11) and second slide rails (12); the corner support assembly (13) is arranged between adjacent first slide rails (11) and second slide rails (12); the corner support assembly (13) is arranged between adjacent first slide rails (11) and second slide rails (12); the corner support assembly (13) is arranged between adjacent second slide rails (12); the corner support assembly (13) is arranged between adjacent first slide rails (11) and second slide rails (12); the corner support assembly (13) is arranged between adjacent second slide rails (12); the corner support assembly (13) is arranged between adjacent second slide rails (11) and second slide rails (12); the corner support assembly (13) is arranged between adjacent first slide rails (11) and second slide rails (12); the corner support assembly (13) is arranged between adjacent second ... The component (13) includes a connecting rod (133) and a first slider (131) and a second slider (132) respectively hinged at both ends of the connecting rod (133), wherein the first slider (131) is slidably inserted into the first slide rail (11), and the second slider (132) is slidably inserted into the second slide rail (12), and a first elastic member (3) is provided between the second slide rail (12) and the second slider (132) for causing the second slider (132) to pop out toward the end of the second slide rail (12); In the step S51, positioning the outward expansion support assembly (1) at a preset position on the well wall (101) includes the following steps: S511, fixing the first slide rail (11) to a grille support on one side of the long side of the shaft (100), and fixing the two second slide rails (12) to the grille supports on both sides of the two short sides of the shaft (100); S512, anchoring and spraying concrete on the grid support, so that the first slide rail (11) and the second slide rail (12) are installed on the well wall (101); S513, the two first sliders (131) of the two corner support assemblies (13) are respectively slidably inserted into the two ends of the first slide rail (11), and the two second sliders (132) of the two corner support assemblies (13) are respectively slidably inserted into the two second slide rails (12) to abut against the first elastic member (3).

3. A vertical shaft construction process according to claim 2, characterized in that: The first slider (131) includes a sliding portion (1311) and a guide portion (1312) connected to each other, the sliding portion (1311) is slidably arranged in the first slide rail (11), the guide portion (1312) extends to the outside of the first slide rail (11), the guide portion (1312) and the sliding portion (1311) are arranged at an acute angle, and the opening of the acute angle faces the second slide rail (12) on the same side as the guide portion (1312); In the step S52, starting the telescopic driving member (2) to push the two outward-expanding support assemblies (1) to expand toward the outside of the center of the shaft (100) includes the following steps: S521, starting the telescopic driving member (2), causing the output end of the telescopic driving member (2) to slide and abut against the guide portion (1312); S522: When the output end of the telescopic driving member (2) abuts against the well wall (101), the telescopic driving member (2) is stopped.

4. A vertical shaft construction process according to claim 3, characterized in that: The following steps are also included: S7, dismantling the supporting structure, and gradually dismantling the supporting structure from bottom to top during the subsequent structural construction and backfilling construction in the shaft (100); In the step S7, removing the support structure includes the following steps: S71, starting the telescopic driving member (2), causing the output end of the telescopic driving member (2) to retract and disengage from the abutment against the well wall (101) and the guide portion (1312); S72, folding the first slider (131) and the connecting rod (133) to separate the first slider (131) from the first slide rail (11), pulling out the second slider (132) from the second slide rail (12), separating the second slider (132) from the second slide rail (12), and separating the corner support assembly (13) as a whole from the well wall (101); S73, separating the first slide rail (11) and the second slide rail (12) from the well wall (101).

5. A vertical shaft construction process according to claim 4, characterized in that: The output end of the telescopic driving member (2) is provided with an abutment rod (4), and the side of the abutment rod (4) facing away from the telescopic driving member (2) is used to abut against the well wall (101) on the side where the first slide rail (11) is installed. Both ends of the abutment rod (4) are provided with rollers (5), and the rollers (5) are used to roll and abut against the guide portion (1312).

6. A vertical shaft construction process according to claim 5, characterized in that: The roller (5) is plugged into the end of the connecting rod (133), and a second elastic member (6) is provided between one end of the roller (5) inserted into the connecting rod (133) and the connecting rod (133) for causing the roller (5) to pop out of the connecting rod (133).

7. A vertical shaft construction process according to claim 2, characterized in that: The two second slide rails (12) on the well wall (101) on the same side of the two outward-expanding support assemblies (1) can be arranged as one second slide rail (12); the cross section of the first slide rail (11) is C-shaped, and the C-shaped opening faces away from the installation well wall (101).

8. A vertical shaft construction process according to claim 2, characterized in that: The step S511 includes the following steps: S5111. Pre-weld the steel bars on the grid support, weld the first slide rail (11) on the steel bars on the long sides of both sides of the shaft (100), and weld the second slide rail (12) on the steel bars on the short sides of both sides of the shaft (100). During the welding process, ensure that the first slide rail (11) and the second slide rail (12) are in a horizontal position; S5112, applying eye-catching paint or wrapping warning tape on the outside of the first slide rail (11) and the second slide rail (12); S5113. Wrap the first slide rail (11) and the second slide rail (12) with a dustproof cloth.

9. A vertical shaft construction process according to claim 1, characterized in that: The S3 step includes the following steps: S31, determining the position of the shaft (100) according to the coordinates provided by the design, and excavating a casting trench for the locking ring beam; S32. Tie the steel cage in the casting trench, set up the formwork, and tie the railing columns on the steel cage; S33. Pour the lock ring beam concrete, weld the railing crossbars to the railing columns after the concrete solidifies, and set a circle of retaining wall on the lock ring beam.

10. A vertical shaft construction process according to claim 1, characterized in that: The S4 step includes the following steps: S41, drilling a drainage well in the excavation area of the vertical shaft (100), the drilling depth of the drainage well being greater than the depth of the vertical shaft (100), and setting a drainage pump in the drainage well to drain water; S42, using an excavator to dig a vertical shaft (100) from top to bottom, diagonally excavating in blocks, and leaving core soil in the middle; S43. Use a crane to transport the material bucket to the soil, and temporarily store the soil on site. When it reaches a certain level, use a dump truck to transport it to the waste disposal site for disposal.

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