A construction process for a shaft

Abstract

The application discloses a vertical shaft construction process and relates to the technical field of vertical shaft construction, which comprises the following steps: S1, measuring and laying out; S2, setting up water-stopping mixing piles on the periphery of the vertical shaft for waterproofing; S3, excavating a pouring groove of a lock circle beam and pouring the lock circle beam; S4, excavating the vertical shaft in layers and blocks; S5, setting up a grid support on the excavated soil wall of the vertical shaft and anchoring and spraying concrete, and setting up a support structure to support the soil wall; S51, the support structure comprises two groups of oppositely arranged outer expansion support assemblies and a telescopic driving piece arranged between the two groups of outer expansion support assemblies, and the outer expansion support assemblies are positioned at preset positions of the soil wall; S52, the telescopic driving piece is hoisted between the two outer expansion support assemblies, the telescopic driving piece is started to push the outer expansion support assemblies to expand to the outside of the vertical shaft to support the soil wall; and S6, a grid support is laid at the bottom of the vertical shaft, and concrete is poured to seal the bottom. The application has the effects of improving the efficiency of vertical shaft construction and reducing the possibility that the support structure causes the soil wall to crack.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the technical field of shaft construction, and in particular to a shaft construction process. Background Technology

[0002] A shaft is a vertical, well-shaped pipe, typically used in underground engineering projects such as mines and hydroelectric power plants. It serves multiple functions, including providing ventilation, hoisting ore or waste rock, lifting materials and equipment, transporting personnel, and laying pipelines and cables. The cross-sectional shape of a shaft is usually circular or square, with its diameter or side length determined by specific needs. During shaft construction, appropriate support measures are required to ensure the stability and safety of the shaft walls.

[0003] In related technologies, after the concrete pouring of a square shaft wall is completed, a support structure needs to be installed on the shaft wall to improve its stability. When installing the support structure, steel structural members protruding from the shaft wall are pre-embedded during the wall pouring process. After the wall pouring is completed, channel steel is welded to connect the steel structural members on adjacent shaft walls to achieve a reinforcing effect. Steel pipes are then welded to connect opposite shaft walls to support them. The channel steel and steel pipes need to be removed after the shaft construction is completed.

[0004] However, the disassembly and assembly of channel steel and steel structural components, as well as steel pipes and steel structural components, is quite complicated, affecting the efficiency of shaft construction. Furthermore, since the shaft wall is a concrete structure, it is subject to thermal expansion and contraction, and rigid connections between channel steel and steel structural components, as well as steel pipes and steel structural components, are prone to causing the shaft wall to crack. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to improve the efficiency of shaft construction and reduce the possibility of shaft wall cracking caused by the support structure, this application provides a shaft construction process.

[0006] The vertical shaft construction process provided in this application adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] A vertical shaft construction process includes the following steps:

[0008] S1. Surveying and setting out: Re-survey the traverse network and leveling network and their control points in the construction area provided by the construction unit. The network can only be used after verification.

[0009] S2. Construction of water-stopping curtain using mixing piles: Water-stopping mixing piles are installed around the shaft for waterproofing. The depth of the water-stopping mixing piles must be greater than the depth of the shaft.

[0010] S3. Construction of the lock ring beam: According to the design coordinates, excavate the pouring trench for the lock ring beam and pour the lock ring beam.

[0011] S4. Shaft excavation, layered and block excavation, and crane lifting and transporting of excavated soil;

[0012] S5. Install grid support and anchor shotcrete on the excavated soil well wall, and install a support structure to support the well wall; Step S5 includes:

[0013] S51. The support structure includes two sets of oppositely arranged outward expansion support components and a telescopic drive component disposed between the two sets of outward expansion support components, which positions the outward expansion support components at a preset position on the well wall.

[0014] S52. Hoist the telescopic drive component between the two outward expansion support components, and start the telescopic drive component to push the outward expansion support components to expand outward from the center of the shaft, so as to use the outward expansion support components to support the shaft wall;

[0015] S6. Shaft bottom sealing: Lay grid support at the bottom of the shaft and pour concrete to seal the bottom.

[0016] By adopting the above technical solutions, not only has the efficiency of shaft construction been improved, but the risk of shaft wall cracking caused by the support structure has also been significantly reduced. Specifically, the design of the external support components and telescopic drive components allows for rapid installation of the support structure after the shaft wall is poured. This avoids the complex welding operations of channel steel and steel pipes in traditional methods, greatly simplifying the construction process and shortening the construction time. Simultaneously, by adjusting the thrust of the telescopic drive components on the external support components, the supporting force of the external support components on the shaft wall can be adjusted to cope with minor deformations caused by thermal expansion and contraction, thereby reducing the risk of shaft wall cracking. Furthermore, surveying and setting out ensures the accuracy of all data before construction, avoiding errors in subsequent construction processes. The construction of the mixing pile water-stop curtain effectively prevents groundwater from seeping into the shaft, ensuring the shaft interior remains dry and improving construction safety and quality. The construction of the lock-joint ring beam enhances the stability of the shaft opening, preventing collapse during excavation. The layered and segmented excavation method effectively controls the excavation progress, reduces safety hazards during shaft excavation, and the use of cranes to remove excavated soil improves construction efficiency. Laying grid support at the bottom of the shaft and pouring concrete to seal the bottom further enhances the overall stability and safety of the shaft.

[0017] Optionally, the outward support assembly includes a first slide rail, at least two second slide rails, and at least two corner support assemblies. The first slide rail is disposed on the wall of the shaft on one side of the long side, and the two second slide rails are disposed on the walls of the shaft on the two sides of the short side, respectively. The corner support assembly is disposed between adjacent first and second slide rail components. The corner support assembly includes a connecting rod and a first slider and a second slider respectively hinged to both ends of the connecting rod. The first slider is slidably inserted into the first slide rail, and the second slider is slidably inserted into the second slide rail. A first elastic element is provided between the second slide rail and the second slider to cause the second slider to pop out toward the end of the second slide rail.

[0018] In step S51, positioning the external support assembly at a predetermined position on the well wall includes the following steps:

[0019] S511. Fix the first slide rail to the grid support on one side of the long side of the shaft, and install the two second slide rails on the grid supports on both sides of the two short sides of the shaft respectively.

[0020] S512. Anchor and spray concrete on the grid support to fix the first and second slide rails to the well wall;

[0021] S513. The two first sliders of the two corner support components are slidably inserted into the two ends of the first slide rail, and the two second sliders of the two corner support components are slidably inserted into the two second slide rails and abut against the first elastic member.

[0022] By adopting the above technical solution, the corner support component can be connected to the first and second slide rails by plugging in, which can effectively reduce the workload of installing and dismantling the support structure during the construction of the shaft and improve the overall construction efficiency of the shaft. The design of the first elastic element can provide a certain buffer for the second slide rail and the second slider when the shaft changes due to thermal expansion and contraction along the length of the second slide rail, thereby reducing the risk of shaft wall cracking caused by rigid connection and enhancing the overall stability and safety of the shaft.

[0023] Optionally, the first slider includes a sliding part and a guide part connected together. The sliding part is slidably disposed in the first slide rail, and the guide part extends to the outside of the first slide rail. The guide part and the sliding part are set at an acute angle, and the opening of the acute angle faces the second slide rail on the same side as the guide part.

[0024] In step S52, activating the telescopic drive to push the two outward expansion support assemblies to expand outward from the center of the shaft includes the following steps:

[0025] S521. Activate the telescopic drive component, causing the output end of the telescopic drive component to slide against the guide part;

[0026] S522. When the output end of the telescopic drive unit abuts against the well wall, stop the telescopic drive unit.

[0027] By adopting the above technical solution, precise positioning and reliable support of the outward expansion support component can be achieved. Specifically, the design of the sliding part and the guide part allows the first slider to slide smoothly within the first slide rail. When the telescopic drive is activated, the output end of the telescopic drive slides against the guide part, which can precisely control the expansion distance of the outward expansion support component and avoid excessive expansion that could damage the well wall. Finally, when the output end of the telescopic drive abuts against the well wall, the telescopic drive is stopped, ensuring that the outward expansion support component fits tightly against the well wall, further enhancing the support effect on the well wall along the length of the second slide rail.

[0028] Optionally, the following steps may also be included:

[0029] S7. Remove the supporting structure. As the structural construction and backfilling work in the shaft proceed in subsequent stages, the supporting structure will be gradually removed from bottom to top.

[0030] In step S7, the removal of the supporting structure includes the following steps:

[0031] S71. Activate the telescopic drive to retract the output end of the telescopic drive and disengage it from the well wall and guide section.

[0032] S72. Fold the first slider and the connecting rod to separate the first slider from the first slide rail, pull out the second slider inside the second slide rail, separate the second slider and the second slide rail, and separate the corner support assembly from the well wall as a whole.

[0033] S73. Separate the first and second slide rails from the well wall.

[0034] By adopting the above technical solution, the rapid dismantling of the internal support structure of the shaft can be effectively achieved, avoiding the safety hazards and inefficiency caused by the large amount of manual dismantling required by traditional methods. Specifically, the reverse operation of the telescopic drive component allows the support structure, which was originally tightly attached to the shaft wall, to detach smoothly. Combined with the folding design of the first slider and connecting rod, this facilitates subsequent recycling and reuse, greatly improving the safety and economy of the construction process. At the same time, this solution also reduces the impact on other structures within the shaft, ensuring the overall quality of the shaft construction.

[0035] Optionally, the output end of the telescopic drive is provided with an abutment rod. The side of the abutment rod away from the telescopic drive is used to abut against the well wall on the side where the first slide rail is installed. Both ends of the abutment rod are provided with rollers, which are used to roll against the guide part.

[0036] By adopting the above technical solutions, the design of the abutment rod enables the telescopic drive component to push the outward expansion support component to expand more smoothly, and enhances the support effect of the telescopic drive component on the well wall along the length of the second slide rail; the design of the roller reduces the frictional resistance when the abutment rod and the guide part abut, making the expansion process of the outward expansion support component smoother.

[0037] Optionally, the roller is inserted into the end of the connecting rod, and a second elastic element is provided between the end of the roller inserted into the connecting rod and the connecting rod to allow the roller to pop out of the connecting rod.

[0038] By adopting the above technical solution, the roller can better adapt to the changes in the contact surface between the guide and the second slide rail, reducing frictional resistance; at the same time, it can provide a certain buffer for the corner support assembly and the abutment rod when the shaft changes due to thermal expansion and contraction along the length of the first slide rail, thereby reducing the risk of shaft wall cracking caused by rigid connection and enhancing the overall stability and safety of the shaft.

[0039] Optionally, the two second slide rails on the same side of the well wall of the two outward expansion support components can be configured as one second slide rail; the cross-section of the first slide rail is C-shaped and the C-shaped opening is away from the mounting well wall.

[0040] By adopting the above technical solution, the installation process of the external support components can be effectively simplified, the number of required parts can be reduced, and the overall construction efficiency of the shaft can be further improved; the C-shaped first slide rail is a semi-open design, which allows the first slider to be quickly installed on the first slide rail when installing the corner support components.

[0041] Optionally, step S511 includes the following steps:

[0042] S5111. Reinforcing bars are pre-welded onto the grid support. First slide rails are welded to the long side reinforcing bars on both sides of the shaft, and second slide rails are welded to the short side reinforcing bars on both sides of the shaft. During welding, ensure that the first and second slide rails are in a horizontal position. Preferably, additional reinforcing bars can be used...

[0043] S5112. Apply eye-catching paint or wrap warning tape around the outside of the first and second slide rails;

[0044] S5113. Wrap the first and second slide rails with a dustproof cloth.

[0045] By adopting the above technical solutions, the slide rail is kept in a horizontal position, which ensures the stability and accuracy of the outward support components and avoids support failure caused by track tilt. Applying eye-catching paint or wrapping with warning tape increases safety during construction and prevents construction personnel from accidentally touching the slide rail and causing accidental injury. Wrapping the first and second slide rails with dustproof cloth can effectively prevent concrete and debris from entering the slide rails during pouring, so as to maintain the cleanliness and smoothness of the slide rails and facilitate the subsequent installation of the corner support components.

[0046] Optionally, step S3 includes the following steps:

[0047] S31. Determine the location of the shaft according to the coordinates provided in the design, and excavate the casting trench for the lock ring beam;

[0048] S32. Tie the reinforcing cage in the pouring trench, erect the formwork, and tie the guardrail posts on the reinforcing cage.

[0049] S33. Pour concrete for the lock ring beam. After the concrete has solidified, weld the horizontal rails onto the railing posts to form a railing. Set up a water-retaining wall around the lock ring beam.

[0050] By adopting the above technical solutions, the stability and construction safety of the lock ring beam can be ensured during the construction of the shaft. Specifically, excavating the pouring trench of the lock ring beam according to the coordinates can ensure the accuracy of the construction position and avoid deviation; setting up railings can provide a warning range for the shaft and prevent personnel from accidentally falling into the shaft; the water retaining wall can effectively block the ground water from entering the shaft and ensure the safety and dryness of the construction environment.

[0051] Optionally, step S4 includes the following steps:

[0052] S41. Drill a drainage well within the vertical shaft excavation area. The depth of the drainage well shall be greater than the depth of the vertical shaft. Install a drainage pump in the drainage well to drain water.

[0053] S42. Use an excavator to excavate the vertical shaft from top to bottom, diagonally excavating in sections, leaving core soil in the middle;

[0054] S43. A crane is used to transport the soil in a hopper. The soil is temporarily stored on site. Once a certain amount is reached, it is transported to a spoil disposal site by dump truck.

[0055] By adopting the above technical solutions, not only can groundwater be effectively removed during the shaft excavation process, avoiding construction difficulties caused by groundwater seepage into the soil layers to be excavated; it can also improve the efficiency and safety of shaft excavation, reduce the risk of soil collapse, and optimize the soil transportation process, thereby improving the continuity and efficiency of the entire shaft excavation operation.

[0056] In summary, this application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:

[0057] 1. It improved the efficiency of shaft construction and significantly reduced the risk of shaft wall cracking caused by the support structure. Specifically, the design of the external support components and telescopic drive components allows for rapid installation of the support structure after the shaft wall is poured. This avoids the complex welding operations of channel steel and steel pipes in traditional methods, greatly simplifying the construction process and shortening the construction time. Simultaneously, by adjusting the thrust of the telescopic drive components on the external support components, the supporting force of the external support components on the shaft wall can be adjusted to cope with minor deformations caused by thermal expansion and contraction, thereby reducing the risk of shaft wall cracking. Furthermore, surveying and setting out ensures the accuracy of all data before construction, avoiding errors in subsequent construction processes. The construction of the mixing pile water-stop curtain effectively prevents groundwater from seeping into the shaft, ensuring the shaft interior remains dry and improving construction safety and quality. The construction of the lock-joint ring beam enhances the stability of the shaft opening, preventing collapse during excavation. The layered and segmented excavation method effectively controls the excavation progress, reduces safety hazards during shaft excavation, and the use of cranes to remove excavated soil improves construction efficiency. Laying grid support at the bottom of the shaft and pouring concrete to seal the bottom further enhances the overall stability and safety of the shaft.

[0058] 2. The method of connecting the corner support assembly with the first and second slide rails by plugging them together can effectively reduce the workload of installing and dismantling the support structure during the construction of the shaft and improve the overall construction efficiency of the shaft. The design of the first elastic element can provide a certain buffer for the second slide rail and the second slider when the shaft wall changes due to thermal expansion and contraction along the length of the first slide rail, thereby reducing the risk of shaft wall cracking caused by rigid connection and enhancing the overall stability and safety of the shaft.

[0059] 3. It can achieve precise positioning and reliable support for the outward expansion support component. Specifically, the design of the sliding part and the guide part allows the first slider to slide smoothly within the first slide rail. When the telescopic drive is activated, the output end of the telescopic drive slides against the guide part, which can precisely control the expansion distance of the outward expansion support component and avoid over-expansion that could damage the well wall. Finally, when the output end of the telescopic drive abuts against the well wall, the telescopic drive is stopped, ensuring that the outward expansion support component fits tightly against the well wall, further enhancing the support effect on the well wall along the length of the second slide rail. Attached Figure Description

[0060] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the vertical shaft construction process.

[0061] Figure 2 This is a flowchart of the construction process for the lock-joint ring beam.

[0062] Figure 3 This is a flowchart of the shaft excavation process.

[0063] Figure 4 This is a flowchart of setting up a support structure to support the well wall.

[0064] Figure 5 This is a top partial sectional view of the support structure according to an embodiment of this application.

[0065] Figure 6 This is a top view of the final support state of the support structure according to an embodiment of this application.

[0066] Figure 7 This is a front half-sectional view of the support structure according to an embodiment of this application.

[0067] Figure 8 This is a flowchart of the dismantling of the supporting structure.

[0068] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached drawings: 100, vertical shaft; 101, shaft wall; 1, outward expansion support assembly; 11, first slide rail; 12, second slide rail; 13, corner support assembly; 131, first slider; 1311, sliding part; 1312, guide part; 132, second slider; 133, connecting rod; 2, telescopic drive component; 3, first elastic component; 4, abutment rod; 5, roller; 6, second elastic component. Detailed Implementation

[0069] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figure 1-8 This application will be described in further detail.

[0070] This application discloses a vertical shaft construction process.

[0071] Reference Figure 1 In this embodiment, the shaft construction process includes the following steps:

[0072] S1. Surveying and setting out: The traverse network and leveling network and their control points within the construction area provided by the construction unit shall be re-measured and used only after verification.

[0073] Preferably, during plane measurement, three traverse points are first established to the vicinity of shaft 100, and a third-order traverse plane control network is set up (i.e., the existing control network is used as the plane control network) to form a closed traverse network. Then, the coordinates of the center and four corners of shaft 100 are laid out through the traverse network. During elevation measurement, the elevation control adopts the technique of urban fourth-order leveling, and the observation is carried out using a level instrument, once in each direction.

[0074] S2. Construction of water-stopping curtain using mixing piles: Water-stopping mixing piles are installed around the 100mm vertical shaft for waterproofing. The driving depth of the water-stopping mixing piles must be greater than the depth of the 100mm vertical shaft. A three-axis mixing pile machine is used for the trestle-type double-hole full-set re-mixing construction.

[0075] Preferably, if cold joints appear during construction, they can be treated by adding additional piles to the outside of the retaining piles at the cold joints. The additional piles should be installed after the retaining piles have reached a certain strength to prevent uneven drilling and ensure the effectiveness of the additional piles. The overlap thickness between the additional piles and the retaining piles depends on the actual situation. If leaks are found in the wall during construction, they should be sealed promptly. This can be done by inserting a drainage pipe at the seepage point in the foundation pit, sealing the area around the drainage pipe with quick-setting waterproof cement mortar, and then tying the drainage pipe in place after the cement mortar has reached its strength.

[0076] S3. Construction of the lock ring beam: According to the design coordinates, excavate the pouring trench for the lock ring beam and pour the lock ring beam.

[0077] Furthermore, refer to Figure 2 Step S3 includes the following steps:

[0078] S31. Determine the position of the vertical shaft 100 according to the coordinates provided in the design, excavate the pouring trench for the lock ring beam, and use a level to measure and ensure the flatness and verticality of the pouring trench during the excavation process.

[0079] S32. Tie the reinforcing cage in the pouring trench, check and ensure that the spacing of the reinforcing bars is uniform to avoid loosening. Then, set up formwork on both sides of the reinforcing cage, and seal the joints of the formwork pouring surface with tape to ensure that the formwork is flat. Tie the railing posts on the reinforcing cage, and use a level to measure the verticality of the railing posts when tying.

[0080] S33. Pour the concrete for the lock ring beam. During the pouring process, check the coordinates of the four corners to ensure the accurate position of the lock ring beam, thereby ensuring the accurate position of the lower shaft 100. After the lock ring beam concrete has solidified, weld the railing crossbars onto the railing posts to form a railing, and set a water retaining wall around the lock ring beam.

[0081] S4. The vertical shaft is excavated at 100mm, excavated in layers and blocks, and the soil is removed by crane.

[0082] Furthermore, refer to Figure 3 Step S4 includes the following steps:

[0083] S41. Drill a dewatering well within the excavation area of ​​shaft 100. The depth of the dewatering well should be greater than the depth of shaft 100. Install a drainage pump in the dewatering well to drain water. Preferably, the dewatering well can be drilled using a drilling machine. During drilling, care should be taken to maintain the verticality and depth of the borehole to ensure the effectiveness of the dewatering well. The well pipe should be installed simultaneously during the drilling process. The drainage pump should be selected reasonably according to the size of shaft 100 and the groundwater flow rate to ensure that the groundwater level is always more than 500mm below the excavation surface. During construction, the well pipe above the dewatering well should be gradually removed as the shaft 100 is excavated to a lower depth.

[0084] S42. The vertical shaft 100 is excavated using an excavator in a top-to-bottom, diagonally segmented manner, leaving core soil in the middle. Preferably, the earthwork excavation of the vertical shaft 100 can begin after the concrete interlocking ring beam has reached 70% strength. For miscellaneous fill layers and areas where the mixing piles protrude, pneumatic picks can be used to assist in excavation. If there is leakage in the water-stop mixing piles during the excavation of the vertical shaft 100, small-diameter pipe grouting is used to reinforce the water-stop mixing piles.

[0085] S43. A crane is used to transport the soil in a hopper. The soil is temporarily stored on site. Once a certain amount is reached, it is transported to a spoil disposal site by dump truck. Preferably, the distance between the crane outriggers and the shaft 100 is not less than 1.5 meters, and soil shall not be piled up within a 5-meter radius around the shaft 100 for a long period of time.

[0086] S5. Install grid support and anchor sprayed concrete on the excavated soil well wall 101, and install multiple sets of support structures in the vertical direction of the shaft 100 to support the well wall 101.

[0087] Further steps include:

[0088] S51. Reference Figure 5 and Figure 6 In this embodiment, the support structure includes two sets of oppositely arranged outward expansion support components 1 and a telescopic drive component 2 disposed between the two sets of outward expansion support components 1, positioning the outward expansion support components 1 at a preset position on the well wall 101; one set of outward expansion support components 1 includes a first slide rail 11, at least two second slide rails 12 and at least two corner support components 13. The first slide rail 11 is disposed parallel to the horizontal plane on the well wall 101 on one side of the long side of the vertical shaft 100. The first slide rail 11 can be made of stainless steel or aluminum alloy to improve its corrosion resistance and strength; the two second slide rails 12 are located on the horizontal plane with the first slide rail 11, and the two second slide rails 12 are respectively disposed on the two sides of the well wall 101 on the two short sides of the vertical shaft 100. The second slide rails 12 can also be made of stainless steel or aluminum alloy. In other embodiments, the first slide rail 11 and the second slide rail 12 may not be on the same horizontal plane.

[0089] Reference Figure 5 and Figure 6 In this embodiment, the corner support assembly 13 is disposed between adjacent first slide rail 11 and second slide rail 12. The corner support assembly 13 includes a connecting rod 133, a first slider 131 and a second slider 132. One end of the connecting rod 133 is hinged to one end of the first slider 131, and the other end of the connecting rod 133 is hinged to one end of the second slider 132. The length of the connecting rod 133 can be adjusted according to the actual size of the well wall 101. The first slider 131 and the second slider 132 can be made of cast iron and have their surfaces galvanized to improve their wear resistance and corrosion resistance.

[0090] The first slider 131 is slidably inserted into one end of the first slide rail 11 at the end opposite to the connecting rod 133, and the second slider 132 is slidably inserted into one end of the second slide rail 12 at the end opposite to the connecting rod 133. A first elastic element 3 is provided between the second slider 132 and the second slide rail 12. The first elastic element 3 can be a spring. The first elastic element 3 is used to make the second slider 132 pop out toward the end of the second slider 132. In other embodiments, the two ends of the connecting rod 133 can also be hinged to the middle of the first slider 131 and the second slider 132 respectively. Rollers 5 can be installed on the contact surface between the first slider 131 and the first slide rail 11 and the contact surface between the second slider 132 and the second slide rail 12 to reduce frictional resistance.

[0091] Preferably, the first slide rail 11 has a C-shaped cross-section, with the C-shaped opening facing away from the mounting well wall 101. The C-shaped first slide rail 11 facilitates the installation of the first slider 131. The second slide rail 12 is square tubular, which allows the second slider 132 to better transmit the force from the connecting rod 133 to the second slide rail 12 to support the well wall 101. The two second slide rails 12 on the well wall 101 on the same side of the two sets of outward expansion support components 1 can be configured as a single shared second slide rail 12 to reduce installation steps and improve construction efficiency.

[0092] Reference Figure 5 In this embodiment, the first slider 131 includes a sliding part 1311 and a guide part 1312. One end of the sliding part 1311 is slidably disposed in the first slide rail 11, and the other end is hinged to the connecting rod 133. One end of the guide part 1312 is connected to the sliding part 1311, and the other end extends to the outside of the first slide rail 11 for sliding contact with the output end of the telescopic drive member 2. The guide part 1312 and the sliding part 1311 are set at an acute angle, and the opening of the acute angle faces the second slide rail 12 located on the same side as the guide part 1312. The side of the guide part 1312 that slides against the telescopic drive member 2 is perpendicular to the horizontal plane.

[0093] Reference Figure 7 In this embodiment, the telescopic drive component 2 can be a double-headed hydraulic cylinder or a double-headed electric push rod. The double-headed hydraulic cylinder is suitable for the construction of large vertical shafts 100 and has greater thrust and stability; the double-headed electric push rod is suitable for the construction of small vertical shafts 100 and has higher flexibility and accuracy.

[0094] The output end of the telescopic drive component 2 is provided with an abutment rod 4, which is parallel to the second slide rail 12. The side of the abutment rod 4 away from the telescopic drive component 2 is used to abut against the well wall 101 on the side where the first slide rail 11 is installed. Both ends of the abutment rod 4 are provided with rollers 5, which are used to roll against the side of the second slide rail 12 on the same side away from the guide part 1312. The rollers 5 are inserted into the end of the connecting rod 133, and a second elastic element 6 is provided between the end of the roller 5 inserted into the connecting rod 133 and the connecting rod 133. The second elastic element 6 can be a spring, which is used to make the roller 5 pop out toward the end of the abutment rod 4.

[0095] Preferably, the abutment rod 4 is positioned above the second slide rail 12. This design can prevent the telescopic drive 2 from losing its contact force with the well wall 101 and thus play a certain role in preventing it from falling.

[0096] Furthermore, refer to Figure 4 In step S51, positioning the external expansion support assembly 1 at a preset position on the well wall 101 includes the following steps:

[0097] S511. Fix the first slide rail 11 to the grid support on one side of the long side of the vertical shaft 100, and fix the two second slide rails 12 to the grid supports on both sides of the two short sides of the vertical shaft 100 respectively.

[0098] Furthermore, S511 includes the following steps:

[0099] S5111. Weld steel bars to the grid support in advance according to the preset position. Weld the first slide rail 11 to the long side of the steel bars on both sides of the shaft 100 and the second slide rail 12 to the short side of the steel bars on both sides of the shaft 100. During the welding process, use measuring equipment to ensure that the extension direction of the first slide rail 11 and the extension direction of the second slide rail 12 are parallel to the horizontal plane and that the first slide rail 11 and the second slide rail 12 are on the same horizontal plane.

[0100] S5112. Apply eye-catching paint or wrap warning tape around the outside of the first slide rail 11 and the second slide rail 12 to indicate the warning range and remind construction personnel to pay attention to safety.

[0101] S5113. Use a dustproof cloth to wrap the first slide rail 11 and the second slide rail 12 to prevent concrete or debris from entering the well wall 101 during pouring.

[0102] S512. Anchor and spray concrete on the grid support to fix the first slide rail 11 and the second slide rail 12 to the well wall 101.

[0103] Preferably, before spraying concrete, check the dimensions of the excavation section, use high-pressure air to sweep away the loose soil on the excavation surface, clean up the rebound scraps from the previous spraying, and bury markers to control the thickness of the sprayed concrete; the spraying operation should be carried out in layers and sections in sequence, and the spraying sequence should be from bottom to top; the spraying should not be piled up in one place, and the spraying should be dense, without any gaps, and the surface of the sprayed concrete should be flat and straight; before each spraying, the joint of the previous sprayed concrete should be roughened and the surface soil should be removed to ensure the density of the concrete at the joint and strive for a smooth surface.

[0104] S513, the two first sliders 131 of the two corner support components 13 are slidably inserted into the two ends of the first slide rail 11, and the two second sliders 132 of the two corner support components 13 are slidably inserted into the two second slide rails 12 and abut against the first elastic member 3.

[0105] It should be emphasized that the installation methods for the two sets of external support components 1 are the same, and the next step can only be carried out after the installation of the two sets of external support components 1 is completed.

[0106] S52. Hoist the telescopic drive component 2 between the two outward expansion support components 1, ensuring that the telescopic drive component 2 is parallel to the horizontal plane and that the two output ends of the telescopic drive component 2 are perpendicular to the well wall 101 on both sides of the vertical shaft 100. Start the telescopic drive component 2 to push the outward expansion support components 1 to expand outward from the center of the vertical shaft 100, so as to use the outward expansion support components 1 to support the well wall 101.

[0107] Furthermore, refer to Figure 4 In step S52, activating the telescopic drive 2 to push the two outward expansion support assemblies 1 to expand outward from the center of the shaft 100 includes the following steps:

[0108] S521. Start the telescopic drive 2 to drive the abutment rod 4 close to the well wall, so that the roller 5 at the end of the abutment rod 4 slides and abuts against the side of the guide part 1312 away from the second slide rail 12 on the same side as the guide part 1312 itself.

[0109] S522. When the side of the rod to be abutted 4 away from the side of the telescopic drive 2 abuts against the well wall 101, the telescopic drive 2 is stopped.

[0110] S6, Reference Figure 1 The shaft 100 was sealed at the bottom, and a grid support was laid at the bottom of the shaft according to the design drawings. The method was the same as that for the shaft wall 101. A concrete pump truck was used to pour the concrete to seal the bottom of the shaft 100.

[0111] Preferably, before laying the grid support at the bottom of the well, a sump pit needs to be excavated at the bottom of the well, and concrete pipes should be installed in the sump pit to reinforce the pit wall. The bottom slab structure at the sump pit should be deepened and reinforced.

[0112] S7. Dismantle the supporting structure. As the subsequent structural construction and backfilling work within the shaft 100 are carried out, the supporting structure will be dismantled from bottom to top.

[0113] Furthermore, refer to Figure 8 In step S7, the removal of the supporting structure includes the following steps:

[0114] S71. Start the telescopic drive 2, so that the output end of the telescopic drive 2 retracts and disengages from the well wall 101 and the guide part 1312.

[0115] S72. Fold the first slider 131 and the connecting rod 133 to separate the first slider 131 from the first slide rail 11, pull out the second slider 132 inside the second slide rail 12, separate the second slider 132 and the second slide rail 12, and separate the corner support assembly 13 from the well wall 101 as a whole.

[0116] S73. Separate the first slide rail 11 and the second slide rail 12 from the well wall 101. During separation, a cutting machine can be used to directly cut the connection between the steel bars inside the well wall 101 and the first slide rail 11 and the second slide rail 12.

[0117] The implementation principle of a vertical shaft construction process in this application embodiment is as follows: By using the telescopic drive component 2 to push the outward expansion support component 1 to expand the support shaft wall 101, the construction efficiency of the vertical shaft 100 can be effectively improved, and the risk of cracking of the shaft wall 101 caused by the support structure can be reduced. Furthermore, the setting of the locking ring beam can improve the stability and safety of the vertical shaft 100, prevent rainwater and groundwater from entering the vertical shaft 100, and extend the service life of the vertical shaft 100. During the excavation of the vertical shaft 100, the use of a drainage well and segmented diagonal excavation can effectively reduce the risks during the construction process of the vertical shaft 100 and improve construction efficiency and safety. In the bottom sealing step of the vertical shaft 100, the reasonable setting of the sump pit and concrete pouring can effectively improve the sealing and stability of the vertical shaft 100, prevent groundwater and soil from entering the vertical shaft 100, and extend the service life of the vertical shaft 100. In the step of dismantling the support structure, the outward expansion support component 1 and the telescopic drive component 2 can be quickly separated from the shaft wall 101, greatly improving the efficiency of dismantling the support structure.

[0118] The above are all preferred embodiments of this application, and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, all equivalent changes made in accordance with the structure, shape and principle of this application should be covered within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A vertical shaft construction process, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Surveying and setting out: Re-survey the traverse network and leveling network and their control points in the construction area provided by the construction unit. The network can only be used after verification. S2. Construction of water-stopping curtain by mixing piles: Water-stopping mixing piles are set outside the shaft (100) for waterproofing. The depth of the water-stopping mixing piles must be greater than the depth of the shaft (100). S3. Construction of the lock ring beam: According to the design coordinates, excavate the pouring trench for the lock ring beam and pour the lock ring beam. S4. Shaft (100) excavation, layered and block excavation, and crane hoisting and transporting the soil out; S5. Install grid support and anchor sprayed concrete on the excavated soil well wall (101), and install a support structure to support the well wall (101). Step S5 includes: S51, the support structure includes two sets of oppositely arranged outward expansion support components (1) and a telescopic drive component (2) disposed between the two sets of the outward expansion support components (1), which positions the outward expansion support components (1) at a preset position on the well wall (101); S52. Hoist the telescopic drive (2) between the two external expansion support components (1), start the telescopic drive (2) to push the external expansion support components (1) to expand outward to the center of the vertical shaft (100) so as to use the external expansion support components (1) to support the shaft wall (101); S6. The bottom of the vertical shaft (100) is sealed by laying a grid support at the bottom of the shaft and pouring concrete to seal the bottom. The outward expansion support assembly (1) includes a first slide rail (11), at least two second slide rails (12), and at least two corner support assemblies (13). The first slide rail (11) is disposed on the wall (101) on one side of the long side of the shaft (100), and the two second slide rails (12) are respectively disposed on the two side walls (101) of the two short sides of the shaft (100). The corner support assembly (13) is disposed between adjacent first slide rails (11) and second slide rails (12). The component (13) includes a connecting rod (133) and a first slider (131) and a second slider (132) respectively hinged to both ends of the connecting rod (133). The first slider (131) is slidably inserted into the first slide rail (11), and the second slider (132) is slidably inserted into the second slide rail (12). A first elastic element (3) is provided between the second slide rail (12) and the second slider (132) for popping the second slider (132) toward the end of the second slide rail (12). In step S51, positioning the external expansion support assembly (1) at a preset position on the well wall (101) includes the following steps: S511. Fix the first slide rail (11) on the grid support on one side of the long side of the shaft (100), and fix the two second slide rails (12) on the grid support on both sides of the two short sides of the shaft (100). S512. Anchor and spray concrete on the grid support so that the first slide rail (11) and the second slide rail (12) are installed on the well wall (101); S513, the two first sliders (131) of the two corner support assemblies (13) are slidably inserted into the two ends of the first slide rail (11), and the two second sliders (132) of the two corner support assemblies (13) are slidably inserted into the two second slide rails (12) and abut against the first elastic member (3). The first slider (131) includes a sliding part (1311) and a guide part (1312) connected together. The sliding part (1311) is slidably disposed in the first slide rail (11). The guide part (1312) extends to the outside of the first slide rail (11). The guide part (1312) and the sliding part (1311) are disposed at an acute angle, and the opening of the acute angle faces the second slide rail (12) on the same side as the guide part (1312).

2. The shaft construction process according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S52, activating the telescopic drive (2) to push the two outward expansion support assemblies (1) to expand outward from the center of the shaft (100) includes the following steps: S521. Start the telescopic drive (2) and make the output end of the telescopic drive (2) slide against the guide (1312). S522. When the output end of the telescopic drive (2) abuts against the well wall (101), stop the telescopic drive (2).

3. The shaft construction process according to claim 2, characterized in that, It also includes the following steps: S7. Remove the supporting structure. As the subsequent structural construction and backfilling construction in the shaft (100) proceed, the supporting structure will be removed from bottom to top. In step S7, dismantling the supporting structure includes the following steps: S71. Start the telescopic drive (2) to retract the output end of the telescopic drive (2) and disengage from the well wall (101) and the guide part (1312). S72, Fold the first slider (131) and the connecting rod (133) to separate the first slider (131) from the first slide rail (11), pull out the second slider (132) inside the second slide rail (12), separate the second slider (132) and the second slide rail (12), and separate the corner support assembly (13) from the well wall (101) as a whole; S73. Separate the first slide rail (11) and the second slide rail (12) from the well wall (101).

4. The vertical shaft construction process according to claim 3, characterized in that: The output end of the telescopic drive (2) is provided with an abutment rod (4). The side of the abutment rod (4) away from the telescopic drive (2) is used to abut against the well wall (101) on the side where the first slide rail (11) is installed. Both ends of the abutment rod (4) are provided with rollers (5). The rollers (5) are used to roll against the guide part (1312).

5. The shaft construction process according to claim 4, characterized in that: The roller (5) is inserted into the end of the connecting rod (133), and a second elastic element (6) is provided between the end of the roller (5) inserted into the connecting rod (133) and the connecting rod (133) for making the roller (5) pop out of the connecting rod (133).

6. The shaft construction process according to claim 1, characterized in that: The two second slide rails (12) on the well wall (101) on the same side of the two external support components (1) are configured as one second slide rail (12); the cross section of the first slide rail (11) is C-shaped and the C-shaped opening is away from the well wall (101).

7. The vertical shaft construction process according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step S511 includes the following steps: S5111. Weld steel bars in advance on the grid support, weld the first slide rail (11) on the long side of the vertical shaft (100) and weld the second slide rail (12) on the short side of the vertical shaft (100). During the welding process, ensure that the first slide rail (11) and the second slide rail (12) are in a horizontal position. S5112. Apply eye-catching paint or wrap warning tape around the outside of the first slide rail (11) and the second slide rail (12); S5113. Wrap the first slide rail (11) and the second slide rail (12) with a dustproof cloth.

8. The vertical shaft construction process according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step S3 includes the following steps: S31. Determine the location of the vertical shaft (100) according to the coordinates provided in the design, and excavate the casting trench for the lock ring beam; S32. Tie the reinforcing cage in the pouring trench, erect the formwork, and tie the guardrail posts on the reinforcing cage. S33. Pour concrete for the lock ring beam. After the concrete has solidified, weld the horizontal rails onto the railing posts and set up a water-retaining wall around the lock ring beam.

9. The shaft construction process according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step S4 includes the following steps: S41. Drainage wells are drilled within the excavation area of ​​the vertical shaft (100). The drilling depth of the drainage wells is greater than the depth of the vertical shaft (100). Drainage pumps are installed in the drainage wells to drain water. S42. Use an excavator to excavate the vertical shaft (100) from top to bottom, diagonally excavating in sections, leaving core soil in the middle. S43. The soil is removed by using a crane to transport the hopper. The soil is temporarily stored on site. Once the set amount is reached, it is transported to the spoil disposal site by dump truck.

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