Ventilation system and control method of ventilation system

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention is suitable for the technical field of nuclear power, and provides a ventilation system and a control method of the ventilation system, and the ventilation system and the control method are applied to an emergency resident area of a nuclear power plant. Different purification units are mounted in different areas of the emergency residence area; the purification units with different function types are used for filtering different radioactive substances; the radioactive substances comprise radioactive particles, radioactive aerosol and radioactive gas; each purification unit comprises an air inlet module, a purification module and an air exhaust module; the air inlet module is connected with the purification module and used for introducing air in the emergency residence area into the purification module; and the purification module is connected with the exhaust module and is used for filtering radioactive substances corresponding to the function type of the purification unit and exhausting the filtered air into the emergency resident area through the exhaust module. According to the ventilation system provided by the embodiment of the invention, the safety of the emergency resident area can be improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The embodiments of the present application belong to the field of nuclear power technology, and in particular, relate to a ventilation system and a control method for the ventilation system. Background Art

[0002] When a radioactive release accident occurs in a reactor or nuclear facility of a nuclear power plant, the reactor or the faulty nuclear facility will release radioactive materials, which will spread into the surrounding environment with the air. Therefore, during the construction of a nuclear power plant, it is necessary to set up an emergency habitable area in the nuclear power plant to carry out accident command, coordination, accident handling and personnel placement in the event of a radioactive release accident. Furthermore, in order to prevent the emergency habitable area from being affected by radioactive materials, an emergency ventilation system is usually set up in the emergency habitable area. The emergency ventilation system is mainly composed of a purification unit and emergency ventilation ducts. The purification unit in the emergency ventilation system can purify the fresh air introduced into the emergency habitable area to remove radioactive materials in the air. The emergency ventilation duct can transmit the purified air to each room in the emergency habitable area, providing fresh air for the people in the emergency habitable area and maintaining the environment in the emergency habitable area.

[0003] The purification units of the prior art have the problem of being unable to fully filter radioactive substances in the air, which may result in high radioactive activity in the air in the emergency habitable area, affecting the safety of personnel. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, an embodiment of the present application provides a ventilation system and a control method for the ventilation system to improve the ventilation system's filtering efficiency for radioactive substances, thereby reducing the radioactive activity of the air in the emergency habitable area of a nuclear power plant and improving safety.

[0005] A first aspect of an embodiment of the present application provides a ventilation system for use in an emergency habitable area of a nuclear power plant, comprising purification units of multiple functional types; different purification units are installed in different areas of the emergency habitable area; the purification units of different functional types are used to filter different radioactive substances; and each purification unit includes an air intake module, a purification module, and an exhaust module;

[0006] The air inlet module is connected to the purification module and is used to pass the air in the emergency habitable area into the purification module;

[0007] The purification module is connected to the exhaust module, and is used to filter the radioactive substances corresponding to the functional type of the purification unit, and discharge the filtered air into the emergency habitable area through the exhaust module.

[0008] In a possible implementation of the first aspect, the radioactive material includes radioactive particles and radioactive aerosols; the purification module includes a first filter unit and a second filter unit;

[0009] The first filter unit is connected to the air inlet module and is used to filter the radioactive particles in the air whose diameter is greater than a first threshold;

[0010] The second filter unit is connected to the first filter unit and is used to filter the radioactive aerosol in the air filtered by the first filter unit.

[0011] In a possible implementation of the first aspect, the radioactive substance includes radioactive iodine gas in the radioactive gas; the purification module further includes a third filtering unit;

[0012] The third filter unit is connected to the second filter unit and is used to filter the radioactive iodine gas in the air filtered by the second filter unit.

[0013] In a possible implementation of the first aspect, the third filter unit includes at least one of a carbon fiber iodine filter, an activated carbon particle filter, and a composite filter; the composite filter includes a pre-filter and a carbon fiber iodine filter; the pre-filter is used to filter the radioactive particles having a diameter greater than the first threshold; the carbon fiber iodine filter is used to filter the radioactive iodine gas; and the activated carbon particle filter can be used to filter the radioactive iodine gas.

[0014] In a possible implementation of the first aspect, the radioactive substance includes radioactive gas and radioactive particles; the purification module includes a fourth filter unit and a fifth filter unit;

[0015] The fourth filter unit is connected to the air inlet module and is used to filter the radioactive particles in the air whose diameter is greater than a second threshold;

[0016] The fifth filter unit is connected to the fourth filter unit and is used to filter the radioactive gas in the air filtered by the fourth filter unit.

[0017] In a possible implementation of the first aspect, the purification unit further includes a drying module;

[0018] The drying module is arranged between the purification module and the exhaust module, and is used to dry the air filtered by the purification module and then pass it into the exhaust module.

[0019] In a possible implementation of the first aspect, the air intake module is connected to an air inlet of a ventilation duct of the ventilation system, and is configured to introduce the air in the emergency habitable area into the purification unit through the ventilation duct; and / or

[0020] The exhaust module is connected to the air outlet of the ventilation duct and is used to discharge the filtered air through the ventilation duct.

[0021] In a possible implementation of the first aspect, the purification unit further includes a power module:

[0022] The power module is arranged between the air intake module and the purification module, or between the exhaust module and the purification module, and is used to make the air pressure at the air intake module lower than the air pressure at the exhaust module, so that the air passes through the air intake module, the purification module and the exhaust module in sequence.

[0023] In a possible implementation of the first aspect, the ventilation system further includes a plurality of radioactive detection units and a control unit; different radioactive detection units are installed in different areas within the emergency habitable area or outside the habitable area;

[0024] a plurality of radioactive detection units, connected to the control unit respectively via communication links, for collecting radioactive activity of the air in each area within the emergency habitable area or radioactive activity of the air in each area outside the emergency habitable area;

[0025] The control unit is connected to each of the purification units via a communication link, and is configured to send a start instruction to at least one of the purification units when the radioactivity transmitted by any of the radioactivity detection units is greater than an activity threshold;

[0026] Accordingly, the power module of the purification unit includes a main control unit and a fan;

[0027] The main control unit is used to respond to the start instruction and start the fan.

[0028] A second aspect of an embodiment of the present application provides a method for controlling a ventilation system, which is applied to a control unit in the ventilation system according to the first aspect, comprising:

[0029] Obtaining the radioactive activity of the air in each area within the emergency habitable area or the radioactive activity of the air in each area outside the emergency habitable area;

[0030] If there is a target area with a radioactive activity greater than a preset activity threshold, a start-up instruction is sent to the purification unit corresponding to the target area.

[0031] A third aspect of an embodiment of the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium, wherein the computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the control method of the ventilation system as described in the first aspect above is implemented.

[0032] A fourth aspect of the embodiments of the present application provides a computer program product. When the computer program product is run on a computer, the computer is enabled to execute the ventilation system control method described in the first aspect.

[0033] Compared with the prior art, the embodiments of the present application have the following advantages:

[0034] For the various types of radioactive substances that may exist in the emergency habitable area of a nuclear power plant, such as radioactive particles, radioactive aerosols, and radioactive gases, the ventilation system provided by the embodiment of the present application can filter a specific type of radioactive substance in a targeted manner, thereby improving the adsorption effect of the purification unit on the specific type of radioactive substance. In addition, because the ventilation system includes multiple purification units of different functional types, the ventilation system provided by the embodiment of the present application can comprehensively adsorb multiple different types of radioactive substances, thereby effectively reducing the concentration of radioactive substances in the air of the emergency habitable area and better protecting the health and safety of personnel.

[0035] In addition, since the scope of the emergency habitable area is large and the boundary leakage characteristics of different areas in the emergency habitable area are different, the actual distribution of radioactive substances in the emergency habitable area may be different. For example, important areas such as control rooms may have higher air quality requirements, or rooms in certain areas may be more susceptible to contamination by specific types of radioactive substances. The ventilation system provided in the embodiment of the present application can effectively reduce the concentration of radioactive substances in various areas of the emergency habitable area by distributing different purification units in different areas of the emergency habitable area, thereby improving the safety of the emergency habitable area. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0036] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or descriptions of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application, and those skilled in the art can derive other drawings based on these drawings without inventive effort.

[0037] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a ventilation system for a second-generation nuclear power plant provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0038] Figure 2is a schematic diagram of a ventilation system provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0039] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of another ventilation system provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0040] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of another ventilation system provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0041] Figure 5 This is a structural diagram of a purification unit provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0042] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of a purification module provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0043] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of a pre-filter provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0044] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of a composite filter provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0045] Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of an inert gas filter provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0046] Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of a power module provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0047] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of a control method for a ventilation system provided in an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0048] In the following description, specific details such as specific system structures and technologies are provided for the purpose of illustration rather than limitation to facilitate a thorough understanding of the embodiments of the present application. However, it should be clear to those skilled in the art that the present application may be implemented in other embodiments without these specific details. In other cases, detailed descriptions of well-known systems, devices, circuits, and methods are omitted to avoid obstructing the description of the present application with unnecessary details.

[0049] Following a radioactive release accident at a nuclear power plant's reactor or nuclear facility, radioactive materials will be continuously or intermittently released from the reactor or faulty nuclear facility. These materials can include radioactive gases, aerosols, and particles. These gases include various radioactively active gases, such as radioactive iodine, and radioactively inert gases, such as radioactive krypton. In the event of an accident, these radioactive materials could be released into the air and spread through various channels into the emergency habitable area of the nuclear power plant, potentially impacting the safety of personnel within the area.

[0050] At present, nuclear power plants that are still widely used include second-generation nuclear power plants and third-generation nuclear power plants.

[0051] The emergency habitable area of a second-generation reactor nuclear power plant not only includes emergency areas such as the main control room, dining room, conference room, computer room, and restrooms, but also includes a large number of non-emergency areas such as control cabinets and protective cabinet rooms. Therefore, the emergency habitable area of a second-generation reactor nuclear power plant is relatively large. Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the ventilation system of the emergency habitable area of the main control room of a typical second-generation nuclear power plant provided in the embodiment of the present application. Figure 1 As shown, in a second-generation nuclear power plant, the ventilation system of the emergency habitable area may include a purification unit, a normal fresh air duct, an emergency fresh air duct, a return air chamber, a blower, a supply air chamber, a supply air duct and a return air duct. Among them, ventilation ducts may be respectively provided between the habitable space and the return air chamber and the supply air chamber. Specifically, the ventilation duct provided between the habitable space and the return air chamber may be a return air duct, and the ventilation duct provided between the habitable space and the supply air chamber may be a supply air duct. The ventilation duct between the outside world and the purification unit may be an emergency fresh air duct. The ventilation duct between the outside world and the return air chamber is a normal fresh air duct. A blower may be connected to the ventilation duct between the return air chamber and the supply air chamber.

[0052] In the event of a radioactive release accident outside the emergency habitable area, the normal fresh air duct between the outside world and the return air chamber is closed, and the emergency fresh air duct between the outside world and the purification unit is opened to deliver filtered outside air to the habitable space. Specifically, the outside air can be transmitted to the purification unit through the emergency fresh air duct. The purification unit can filter the outside air and transmit the filtered outside air to the return air chamber. The air in the emergency habitable area can be gathered into the return air chamber through the return air duct. Then, the air in the return air chamber can be transmitted to the supply air chamber by the blower, and the air in the supply air chamber is transmitted to each room in the emergency habitable area through the supply air duct.

[0053] It can be seen from this that the purification units in the ventilation systems of emergency habitable areas of major second-generation nuclear power plants in the prior art can only filter the air entering the emergency habitable areas through the emergency fresh air duct, and cannot filter the air in the return air duct. It can be seen from this that the ventilation systems of major second-generation nuclear power plants in the prior art can only filter and purify the air entering the emergency habitable areas from outside the emergency habitable areas, and cannot filter and purify the air inside the emergency habitable areas. In addition, the purification units in the prior art cannot filter radioactive inert gases. Therefore, when radioactive materials enter the emergency habitable areas without filtering internal leakage or filtering residue, the ventilation systems of second-generation nuclear power plants in the prior art do not have any means, systems, or devices to purify the radioactive materials that leak into the emergency habitable areas, resulting in the air in the emergency habitable areas still being contaminated by radioactive materials.

[0054] In summary, researchers have identified the following issues with the habitability systems of second-generation nuclear power plants. First, the fresh air purification circuits in the ventilation systems of emergency habitable areas (EHAs) at major second-generation nuclear power plants are typically designed with a low filter air volume and poorly sealed pressure boundaries, preventing the EHAs from achieving a uniform positive pressure. This results in significant pressure boundary leakage within the EHAs, which in turn allows unfiltered air from outside the EHAs to leak into the EHAs. Second, the ventilation systems only filter air entering the EHAs from outside and are unable to circulate and purify the air within the EHAs. For example, during a cluster survey in the 1990s, researchers discovered that the rate of unfiltered air leakage at some second-generation nuclear power plants could reach as high as 7,305 cubic meters per hour. In the event of a nuclear leak, this unfiltered air would significantly increase the radioactivity of the air within the EHAs, potentially exposing emergency personnel to radiation doses exceeding the threshold. Therefore, researchers need to propose a new ventilation system to solve the problems in the ventilation system of the emergency habitable area of the second-generation nuclear power plant.

[0055] In light of this, researchers began designing and researching third-generation nuclear power plants. The ventilation system in the emergency habitable area of a third-generation nuclear power plant would deliver fresh air and a portion of return air to a centralized purification unit. After purification, the air is then supplied to each room in the emergency habitable area through air ducts.

[0056] However, in the ventilation system of the emergency habitable area of a third-generation nuclear power plant, the purification units are usually concentrated in a certain area of the nuclear power plant. This centralized arrangement may result in radioactive materials in areas of the emergency habitable area far from the purification units not being filtered by the purification units in a timely manner, resulting in higher radioactive activity in areas far from the purification units, which in turn affects personnel safety. Furthermore, the centralized arrangement means that the purification units occupy a large area, and the emergency habitable area and surrounding areas of a second-generation nuclear power plant generally do not have large areas of vacant space. Therefore, the emergency habitable area of a second-generation nuclear power plant cannot refer to the ventilation system of the emergency habitable area of a third-generation nuclear power plant to re-centrally arrange purification units with internal and external purification capabilities. Therefore, researchers need to propose a new ventilation system to solve the problem caused by the inability to centrally arrange purification units in the ventilation system of the emergency habitable area of a second-generation nuclear power plant.

[0057] In addition, after a nuclear leak occurs, the radioactive substances that enter the emergency habitable area mainly include radioactive aerosols, radioactive iodine, and radioactive inert gases. The purification unit in the ventilation system of the existing technology is mainly used to filter radioactive aerosols and radioactive iodine, and cannot filter radioactive inert gases. Different types of radioactive substances require different filter materials. For example, radioactive inert gases need to be filtered through longer filter containers such as activated carbon; while radioactive particles can be adsorbed by filter devices made of glass fiber filter paper of different coarseness. In the existing technology, all radioactive substances are filtered uniformly through a purification unit, which may result in the purification unit being unable to fully filter all radioactive substances in the air, resulting in a higher radioactive activity of the air in the emergency habitable area, which in turn affects the safety of personnel.

[0058] In view of this, an embodiment of the present application provides a new ventilation system for use in emergency habitable areas of nuclear power plants. The ventilation system provided in the embodiment of the present application can be applied to the ventilation system of emergency habitable areas of second-generation nuclear power plants, and can also be applied to the ventilation system of emergency habitable areas of third-generation nuclear power plants. Specifically, the ventilation system provided in the embodiment of the present application includes purification units of various functional types, and different purification units can be installed in different areas of the emergency habitable area. Therefore, the ventilation system provided in the embodiment of the present application can effectively reduce the amount of radiation received by people in the emergency habitable area.

[0059] The technical solution of this application is described below through specific embodiments.

[0060] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a ventilation system provided in an embodiment of the present application. Figure 2 The ventilation system 1 shown can be applied to the emergency habitable area of a nuclear power plant. Figure 2As shown, the ventilation system 1 may include multiple purification units 11 of different functional types. Specifically, the ventilation system 1 may include multiple purification units 11a of a first functional type, multiple purification units 11b of a second functional type, multiple purification units 11c of a third functional type, and multiple purification units 11d of a fourth functional type. The different purification units 11 in the ventilation system 1 can be installed in different areas of the emergency habitable area. The purification units 11 of different functional types are used to filter different radioactive substances. Radioactive substances include, but are not limited to, radioactive particles, radioactive aerosols, and radioactive gases.

[0061] The air intake module 111 can be connected to the purification module 112. The air intake module 111 can be used to pass air in the emergency habitable area into the purification module 112.

[0062] Specifically, the air inlet module 111 may be composed of a metal filter and a plurality of air ducts with adjustable air inlet directions.

[0063] The purification module 112 may be connected to the exhaust module 113 . The purification module 112 may be used to filter radioactive substances corresponding to the functional type of the purification unit 11 and exhaust the filtered air to the exhaust module 113 .

[0064] The exhaust module 113 can be used to discharge filtered air to the emergency habitable area.

[0065] Specifically, the exhaust module 113 may be composed of a metal filter and a plurality of air ducts with adjustable air outlet directions.

[0066] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of another ventilation system provided in an embodiment of the present application. Figure 3 As shown, the ventilation system 1 may further include a radioactive detection unit 12 , a control unit 13 and a non-radioactive detection unit 14 .

[0067] Among them, multiple radioactive detection units 12 can be connected to the control unit 13 through communication links respectively, and are used to collect the radioactive activity of the air in various areas within the emergency habitable area or the radioactive activity of the air in various areas outside the emergency habitable area, and transmit the collected radioactive activity to the control unit 13 through the communication link. Specifically, the radioactive detection unit 12 can include a radioactive aerosol detector, a radioactive iodine gas detector, and a radioactive inert gas detector. The radioactive detection unit 12 can be installed in various areas within the emergency habitable area, such as the return air room within the emergency habitable area, the main control room within the emergency habitable area, and other areas. The radioactive detection unit 12 can also be installed in various areas outside the emergency habitable area, such as the entrance of the normal fresh air duct outside the emergency habitable area, the entrance of the emergency fresh air duct outside the emergency habitable area, and other areas.

[0068] The non-radioactive detection unit 14 can be connected to the control unit 13 via a communication link and is used to collect operating data from the purification unit 11. The ventilation system 1 may include multiple non-radioactive detection units 14, with at least one non-radioactive detection unit 14 installed on each purification unit 11. The operating data collected by the non-radioactive detection unit 14 may include data such as motor current, motor voltage, motor temperature, and fan wheel speed. The non-radioactive detection unit 14 may include, but is not limited to, detection devices such as a motor current sensor, a motor voltage sensor, a motor temperature sensor, a fan speed sensor, a filter differential pressure sensor, and a switch position sensor on the purification unit 11. The control unit 13 can monitor the operating status and energy consumption of the motor on the purification unit 11 based on the motor current, voltage, and temperature values collected by the non-radioactive detection unit 14. The control unit 13 can also monitor the fan's operating efficiency based on the fan wheel speed value collected by the non-radioactive detection unit 14 to maintain a stable air volume in the purification unit 11. The control unit 13 can also detect whether the filter is clogged with dust based on the pressure difference value of the filter collected by the non-radioactive detection unit 14. The control unit 13 can also confirm whether the start and stop status of each purification unit 11 is consistent with the control instruction based on the switch signal collected by the non-radioactive detection unit 14, thereby ensuring the normal operation of the entire ventilation system.

[0069] The control unit 13 can be connected to each purification unit 11 including a power module via a communication link. Specifically, since some purification units 11 in the ventilation system 1 may not include a power module, the purification units 11 not including a power module may not be connected to the control unit 13 via a communication link. The control unit 13 can be a server, a computer, or other device. The control unit 13 can receive the radioactivity transmitted by each radioactivity detection unit 12 and determine whether the received radioactivity is greater than a pre-set activity threshold. If the control unit 13 determines that the radioactivity transmitted by a certain radioactivity detection unit 12 is greater than the activity threshold, the control unit 13 can determine the area where the radioactivity detection unit 12 is located as a target area. The target area can be an area within the emergency habitable area or an area outside the emergency habitable area. The control unit 13 can send a start command to the purification unit 11 including a power module corresponding to the target area to start the purification unit 11 including a power module in the target area. If the control unit 13 determines that the radioactive activities transmitted by all radioactive detection units 12 are less than or equal to the activity threshold, the control unit 13 may not send a start instruction to the purification unit 11 and continue to monitor whether the received radioactive activity is greater than the activity threshold.

[0070] In the ventilation system 1 provided in an embodiment of the present application, different purification units 11 are arranged at different locations within the emergency habitable area. Specifically, a radioactivity detection unit 12 can be arranged at each typical location within the emergency habitable area. For example, a radioactivity detection unit 12 can be arranged at the boundary gate of the emergency habitable area, and / or near the internal leakage equipment in the emergency habitable area. Therefore, when the control unit 13 detects that the radioactivity activity within the emergency habitable area is greater than the activity threshold, it executes an alarm operation and sends a start command to the purification unit 11 equipped with a power module to start the purification unit 11 to filter radioactive substances from the air. In addition, after receiving the alarm, personnel in the main control room can also start the purification unit 11 that requires manual start to begin air purification. The arrangement of self-starting purification units 11 and non-self-starting purification units 11 in the ventilation system 1 can achieve a balance between availability, safety, and economy, and realize the expectations of lean management. Based on the alarm signal, personnel in the main control room can conduct leak inspections and troubleshooting on the pressure boundaries and equipment in the corresponding area.

[0071] Accordingly, the shutdown of the purification unit 11 can be automatic or manual. When the control unit 13 in the ventilation system 1 determines that the radioactive activity of all areas in the emergency habitable area is less than or equal to the activity threshold, the control unit 13 can send a shutdown instruction to all purification units 11 installed with power modules 115 in the ventilation system 1. The control unit 13 can also send shutdown instructions to the purification units 11 in batches according to the preset shutdown strategy to shut down the purification units 11. Specifically, in actual application, the maximum time for a nuclear emergency is usually 30 days. After the accident emergency is actually used, all purification units 11 put into use must replace the used filters according to the radioactive contamination equipment or be put on standby according to the strategy, and the purification modules of the entire purification unit 11 must be subjected to radioactive measurement, dust removal and decontamination work to ensure that the purification unit 11 is free of radioactive contamination and is in standby state again.

[0072] The ventilation system 1 provided in the embodiment of the present application can realize the arrangement of purification units 11 at different locations within the emergency habitable area. In the prior art, the problem of no large-scale free space in the emergency habitable area to centrally arrange purification units is solved. In addition, since the emergency habitable area is composed of specific rooms distributed on different floors, many rooms are connected to the outside world through multiple boundary doors, or a large number of emergency habitable area pressure boundary systems with internal leakage are arranged in the rooms. These rooms or areas are often prone to air leakage accidents, which makes it easy for radioactive substances to enter these rooms and areas first and then spread to the entire emergency habitable area. Therefore, the ventilation system 1 provided in the embodiment of the present application can arrange purification units 11 in these rooms or areas in a targeted manner, such as arranging purification units 11 at boundary doors, or arranging purification units 11 near internal leakage equipment. Therefore, the ventilation system 1 provided in the embodiment of the present application can improve the air purification efficiency, slow down the probability of radioactive substances spreading in the emergency habitable area, and thus improve the purification efficiency of the ventilation system 1.

[0073] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of another ventilation system provided in an embodiment of the present application. Figure 4 As shown, any purification unit 11 in the ventilation system 1 may include an air intake module 111 , a purification module 112 , an exhaust module 113 and a power supply module 114 .

[0074] The power module 114 may be composed of a battery or a power supply circuit installed on each purification unit 11, and is used to provide power to sensors on each purification unit 11 and perform functions such as voltage protection, current protection, and alarm.

[0075] In one possible implementation, Figure 4 As shown, the control unit 13 may include a signal receiving module 131 , a signal processing module 132 and a display module 133 .

[0076] The signal receiving module 131 can be connected to each radioactive detection unit 12, the non-radioactive detection unit 14, and the signal processing module 132 via a communication link. The signal receiving module 131 can be used to receive operating data sent by each non-radioactive detection unit 14 and receive radioactivity data sent by each radioactive detection unit 12. The signal receiving module 131 can transmit the received operating data and radioactivity data to the signal processing module 132.

[0077] The signal processing module 132 can be connected to the signal receiving module 131 and each purification unit 11 via a communication link. The signal processing module 132 can perform data preprocessing on the received operating data and radioactivity data. The signal processing module 132 can also be used to determine whether to send a start command to the purification unit 11 based on the radioactivity data. The specific method by which the signal processing module 132 determines whether to send a start command based on the radioactivity data is described in the relevant content of the embodiments of this application and will not be further described here.

[0078] The display module 133 may be connected to the signal processing module 132 and configured to display the radioactivity of each area within the emergency habitable area.

[0079] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a purification unit provided in an embodiment of the present application. Figure 5 As shown, the purification module 112 can be integrated in the housing 116. The two ends of the housing 116 can be connected to the air intake module 111 and the exhaust module 113 respectively. Specifically, one end of the housing 116 can be connected to the air intake module 111, and the other end of the housing 116 can be connected to the exhaust module 113. The housing 116 can provide physical protection for the purification module. Therefore, integrating the purification module 112 in the housing 116 can reduce the probability of the purification module being affected by adverse factors such as external collisions, dust accumulation, and moisture, thereby extending the service life of the purification module. In addition, one end of the housing 116 is connected to the air intake module 111, and the other end is connected to the exhaust module 113, so that the air in the housing can flow along a predetermined path, thereby improving the purification efficiency.

[0080] In one possible implementation, the air intake module 111 can be connected to the air inlet of the ventilation duct of the ventilation system 1, and is used to pass the air in the emergency habitable area to the purification unit 11 through the ventilation duct. Specifically, the air intake module 111 can be connected to the air supply duct or the return air duct in the ventilation system 1. The exhaust module 113 can be connected to the air outlet of the ventilation duct of the ventilation system 1, and is used to discharge the filtered air into the emergency habitable area through the ventilation duct. Specifically, the exhaust module 113 can be connected to the air supply duct or the return air duct in the ventilation system 1.

[0081] When the air inlet module 111 and / or the air exhaust module 113 of the purification unit 11 are connected to the ventilation duct in the ventilation system 1, since the purification unit 11 is immovable at this time, this type of purification unit 11 can be a passive purification unit 11. Since the passive purification unit 11 can directly use the air pressure difference within the air duct as a power source, the passive purification unit 11 does not need to have the power module 115. Furthermore, since the passive purification unit 11 does not have the power module 115, the passive purification unit 11 is smaller in size and has a lower manufacturing cost.

[0082] In a possible implementation, for the purification unit 11 in which neither the exhaust module 113 nor the air inlet module 111 is connected to the ventilation duct, as shown in FIG. Figure 4 As shown, the purification unit 11 may further include a power module 115. The power module 115 may be arranged between the air intake module 111 and the purification module 112, or between the exhaust module 113 and the purification module 112, and is used to make the air pressure at the air intake module 111 lower than the air pressure at the exhaust module 113, so that the air passes through the air intake module 111, the purification module 112 and the exhaust module 113 in sequence. The arrangement of the power module 115 may be a front arrangement. Specifically, the front arrangement may be an arrangement in which the power module 115 is arranged between the air intake module 111 and the purification module 112. In this case, the power module 115 and the air intake module 111 may be connected by an air duct. The arrangement of the power module 115 may also be a rear arrangement. Specifically, the rear arrangement can be an arrangement in which the power module 115 is arranged between the exhaust module 113 and the purification module 112. At this time, an air duct can be provided between the power module 115 and the exhaust module 113 to connect the power module 115 and the exhaust module 113 through the air duct.

[0083] Among them, the purification unit 11 with the power module 115 does not need to be connected to the ventilation duct, so it can be flexibly arranged according to the vacant positions in the emergency habitable area, and has a greater degree of freedom in arrangement.

[0084] In one possible implementation, the purification module in the purification unit 11 may include a sixth filter unit. The sixth filter unit may be composed of at least one composite filter. The composite filter may be composed of a pre-filter and a carbon fiber iodine filter. The pre-filter may be used to filter radioactive particles having a diameter greater than a first threshold value. The carbon fiber iodine filter may be used to filter radioactive iodine gas. For the purification unit 11 using the sixth filter unit and having a power module 115, since this type of purification unit 11 does not need to be connected to a ventilation duct and has a compact structure and a light overall weight, this type of purification unit 11 can be moved, that is, a movable type of purification unit 11. The movable type of purification unit 11 can be moved and arranged at any location in the emergency habitable area, and is not affected by whether there are equipment around it. Therefore, the movable type of purification unit 11 has the highest layout flexibility.

[0085] In one possible implementation, Figure 4 As shown, the purification unit 11 may also include a drying module 116. Drying module 116 may be disposed between the purification module 112 and the exhaust module 113 and is used to dry the air filtered by the purification module 112. Specifically, drying module 116 may be an electronic dehumidifier or a device filled with a desiccant. Drying module 116 can be used to enhance the adsorption capacity of the activated carbon in the purification module 112 for radioactive noble gases.

[0086] In one possible implementation, the ventilation system 1 may include multiple purification units 11a of a first functional type, multiple purification units 11b of a second functional type, multiple purification units 11c of a third functional type, and multiple purification units 11d of a fourth functional type. The purification units 11a of the first functional type can be used to filter radioactive particles from the air. The purification units 11b of the second functional type can be used to filter radioactive iodine from the air. The purification units 11c of the third functional type can be used to simultaneously filter radioactive particles and radioactive iodine from the air. The purification units 11d of the fourth functional type can be used to filter radioactive inert gas from the air. The purification units 11 of each functional type in the ventilation system 1 can also be arranged redundantly or in a targeted manner according to design requirements.

[0087] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of a purification module provided in an embodiment of the present application. Figure 6 As shown in (a) of FIG. 1 , the purification module 112 of the purification unit 11 a of the first functional type may include a first filter unit 1121 and a second filter unit 1122 .

[0088] The input of the first filter unit 1121 can be connected to the output of the air intake module 111 to filter radioactive particles in the air with a diameter greater than a first threshold. For example, the first threshold can be 5 microns. Specifically, the first filter unit 1121 can be composed of at least one pre-filter.

[0089] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of a pre-filter provided in the embodiment of the present application. Figure 7 As shown, the pre-filter is generally rectangular and flat, primarily consisting of a frame 11211 and filter material 11212. Specifically, filter material 11212 may be fiberglass. The pre-filter can be used to filter airborne particles with a diameter greater than a first threshold. Specifically, the pre-filter can be used to filter airborne particles with a diameter greater than 5 microns, such as dust, flying insects, and sand.

[0090] The input of the second filter unit 1122 can be connected to the output of the first filter unit 1121, and the output of the second filter unit 1122 can be connected to the input of the exhaust module 113. The second filter unit 1122 can be used to filter radioactive aerosols from the air. Specifically, the second filter unit 1122 can include at least one high-efficiency filter. The high-efficiency filter can be a rectangular box containing fiberglass fabric as filter material. The high-efficiency filter can be used to filter radioactive aerosols with an air diameter between 0.001 microns and 100 microns.

[0091] In this embodiment, the pre-filter can be used to filter large radioactive particles from the air. When used in combination with a high-efficiency filter, it can simultaneously filter large radioactive particles and radioactive aerosols from the air. Therefore, the first functional type of purification unit 11a provided in this embodiment of the application can not only simultaneously filter radioactive materials of two different particle sizes, but also extend the service life of the second filter unit 1122, achieving a lean utilization effect.

[0092] like Figure 6 As shown in (b) , the purification module 112 of the purification unit 11b of the second functional type may include a third filter unit 1123 .

[0093] The third filter unit 1123 can be disposed between the air intake module 111 and the exhaust module 113. Specifically, the input end of the third filter unit 1123 can be connected to the output end of the air intake module 111, and the output end of the third filter unit 1123 can be connected to the input end of the exhaust module 113. The third filter unit 1123 can include at least one of an activated carbon particle filter, a carbon fiber iodine filter, and a composite filter. The activated carbon particle filter can be a rectangular box, in which activated carbon particles can be arranged. The carbon fiber iodine filter can be a rectangular box, in which a mesh structure composed of carbon fibers can be arranged to filter radioactive iodine from the air.

[0094] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of a composite filter provided in an embodiment of the present application. The composite filter may include a pre-filter, a high efficiency filter and a carbon fiber iodine filter. Figure 8 As shown, the composite filter can be a rectangular box, in which a pre-filter 11231, a high-efficiency filter 11232, and a carbon fiber iodine filter 11233 can be arranged in sequence. The composite filter can also be composed of the high-efficiency filter 11232 and the carbon fiber iodine filter 11233 arranged in sequence. The carbon fiber iodine filter can be used to filter radioactive iodine gas. The composite filter can simultaneously filter radioactive particles and radioactive iodine.

[0095] like Figure 6 As shown in (c) , the purification module 112 of the purification unit 11 c of the third functional type may include a first filter unit 1121 , a second filter unit 1122 and a third filter unit 1123 .

[0096] Specifically, the input end of the first filter unit 1121 can be connected to the output end of the air intake module 111. The output end of the first filter unit 1121 can be connected to the input end of the second filter unit 1122. The output end of the second filter unit 1122 can be connected to the input end of the third filter unit 1123. The output end of the third filter unit 1123 can be connected to the input end of the exhaust module 113, so that the filtered air can be discharged into the emergency habitable area through the exhaust module 113.

[0097] In the prior art, using the third filter unit 1123 alone can easily cause radioactive substances with larger diameters, such as radioactive particles, to clog the third filter unit 1123, thereby causing the third filter unit 1123 to quickly fail. In contrast, the purification module 112 provided in the embodiment of the present application connects the first filter unit 1121 and the second filter unit 1122 before the third filter unit 1123. Because the first filter unit 1121 can filter out radioactive particles in the air, and the second filter unit 1122 can filter out radioactive aerosols in the air, the third filter unit 1123 will not be clogged by radioactive substances with larger diameters, thereby extending the service life of the third filter unit 1123.

[0098] like Figure 6 As shown in (d) in FIG. 1 , the purification module 112 of the purification unit 11 d of the fourth functional type may include a fourth filter unit 1124 and a fifth filter unit 1125 .

[0099] The input end of the fourth filter unit 1124 can be connected to the output end of the air inlet module 111. The fourth filter unit 1124 can be composed of at least one medium-efficiency filter. Specifically, the medium-efficiency filter can be a rectangular box. Glass fiber fabric can be installed in the box as a filter material. The medium-efficiency filter can filter radioactive particles in the air with a diameter greater than a second threshold. Exemplarily, the second threshold can be 1 micron.

[0100] The input end of the fifth filter unit 1125 is connected to the output end of the fourth filter unit 1124, and the output end of the fifth filter unit 1125 can be connected to the input end of the exhaust module 113. The fifth filter unit 1125 can be composed of at least one inert gas filter. Figure 9 Schematic diagram of an inert gas filter provided in an embodiment of the present application. Figure 9 As shown, the inert gas filter can be a rectangular housing 11241, which can be filled with activated carbon granules, nano-activated carbon, or a porous solid material. The assembled end surfaces 11242 on both sides of the inert gas filter can be installed with perforated partitions to encapsulate adsorbent materials such as activated carbon granules. Researchers can select multiple inert gas filters of different lengths as needed and assemble them together to form the fifth filter unit 1125. The assembled end surfaces 11242 of different inert gas filters can be fastened and sealed using sealing gaskets and bolts.

[0101] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of a power module provided in an embodiment of the present application. Figure 10 As shown, the power module 115 of the purification unit 11 may include a main control unit 1151 and a fan 1152 .

[0102] The main control unit 1151 can be connected to the control unit 13 via a communication link. The main control unit 1151 can receive a start instruction sent by the control unit 13 and start the fan 1152 in response to the start instruction.

[0103] The ventilation system 1 provided by the embodiment of the present application can implement a redundant layout strategy during actual application. Specifically, except for the fourth functional type of purification unit 11d, which cannot be redundantly arranged due to its working principle and the limited layout capacity of the emergency habitable area, the other purification units 11 except the fourth functional type of purification unit 11d can be redundantly arranged by the R&D personnel in the emergency habitable area. For example, when the R&D personnel determine in the design stage that the emergency habitable area requires 20 purification units 11a of the first functional type, in the actual application stage, the R&D personnel can arrange 21 to 25 purification units 11a of the first functional type in the emergency habitable area to achieve redundant arrangement of purification capacity and to deal with the failure of individual purification units 11.

[0104] In order to further illustrate the practical application scenarios of the ventilation system 1 provided by this solution, an improved implementation case is provided below.

[0105] Case 1:

[0106] A set of pre-filters has been installed between the main return air plenum of the emergency habitable area and the supply air plenum of the main ventilation unit. These pre-filters are primarily used to filter dust, flying insects, and other radioactive particles with a diameter greater than 5 microns from the return air from the main ventilation unit. Therefore, the limited unoccupied space behind these pre-filters can be used to install a composite filter, combining the pre-filters and composite filters to form a passive purification unit 11. This purification unit 11 utilizes the higher positive pressure capability of the main air unit in the supply air plenum to filter radioactive particles, radioactive aerosols, and radioactive iodine. Furthermore, since the main supply air plenum is the source of the air supply, this purification unit 11 has a high filtering efficiency for radioactive substances.

[0107] Case 2:

[0108] The air supply port of the air supply duct and / or the return air port of the return air duct in the main ventilation unit are modified to set a passive purification unit 11. The passive purification unit 11 can utilize the air pressure difference of the air supply port and / or the return air port to achieve passive filtration. Specifically, the air inlet module 111 of the purification unit 11 can be connected to the air supply port of the air supply duct. Among them, the connection order of each unit in the purification unit 11 can be: the air supply port of the air supply duct → air inlet module 111 → pre-filter → high-efficiency filter → iodine filter → exhaust module 113.

[0109] Case 3:

[0110] An active purification unit 11 is placed in an unoccupied area within the emergency habitable zone. The connection order of the various units within purification unit 11 can be as follows: air intake module 111 → pre-filter → HEPA filter → iodine filter → power module 115 → exhaust module 113. The fan 1152 in power module 115 draws air from the rooms within the emergency habitable zone, filters it through the filters in purification module 112, and then exhausts the filtered air back into the rooms. In this example, purification unit 11 can simultaneously filter radioactive particles, radioactive aerosols, and radioactive iodine.

[0111] Case 4:

[0112] A purification unit 11 is configured using a composite filter. The connection order of the various units in the purification unit 11 can be: air intake module 111 → pre-filter → HEPA filter → carbon fiber iodine filter → power module 115 → exhaust module 113. Alternatively, the connection order of the various units in the purification unit 11 can be: air intake module 111 → composite filter → power module 115 → exhaust module 113. Due to its compact size and light weight, the purification unit 11 can be moved to any desired location within the emergency habitable area.

[0113] Case 5:

[0114] For the purification unit 11 that filters radioactive inert gases, it can have a long filter pipe filled with granular activated carbon or organic adsorbent material. Since the cross-sectional dimensions and pipe length determine the carbon loading and adsorption capacity of the purification unit 11, the pipes within the purification unit 11 can be arranged in a serpentine pattern to further increase purification capacity. The air flow rate within the purification unit 11 is low to achieve adsorption of radioactive inert gases. Within the non-emergency area of the emergency habitable zone of the second-generation reactor main control room, at least five locations, each at least 15 meters long, are equipped with purification boxes of varying cross-sectional dimensions. This allows for the installation of granular activated carbon weighing at least 8 tons for inert gas filtration. The connection order of the various units in the purification unit 11 can be: air intake module 111 → drying module 116 → medium-efficiency filter → inert gas filter → power module 115 → exhaust module 113.

[0115] Figure 11 Schematic diagram of a control method for a ventilation system provided in an embodiment of the present application. This control method can be applied to the control unit 13 of the ventilation system 1 provided in an embodiment of the present application. The control unit 13 can be a server, computer, or other device. The control method for the ventilation system 1 can specifically include the following steps:

[0116] S1101. Obtain the radioactive activity of the air in each area within the emergency habitable area and / or the radioactive activity of the air in each area outside the emergency habitable area.

[0117] In this embodiment, multiple radioactivity detection units 12 in the ventilation system 1 can be installed in various areas within the emergency habitable area and / or in various areas outside the emergency habitable area, and continuously collect radioactivity data from the air in these areas. A control unit 13 can continuously receive radioactivity feedback from each radioactivity detection unit 12 to determine the radioactivity of the air in each area within the emergency habitable area and / or in each area outside the emergency habitable area. Specifically, the emergency habitable area can be divided into multiple distinct areas, each of which can be equipped with at least one radioactivity detection unit 12. The radioactivity detection units 12 can include at least one of a radioactive particle detector, a radioactive aerosol detector, a radioactive gas detector, and a radioactive noble gas detector. Areas outside the emergency habitable area can be the air inlet of the ventilation system 1's normal circuit or a major internal leak source outside the emergency habitable area's pressure boundary. Radioactive aerosol detectors can be used to detect the radioactivity of radioactive aerosols in the air. Radioactive gas detectors can be used to detect the radioactivity of radioactive gases in the air. Radioactive noble gas detectors can be used to detect the radioactive activity of radioactive noble gases in the air. Radioactive particle detectors can be used to detect the radioactive activity of radioactive particles in the air.

[0118] S1102: If there is a target area with a radioactive activity greater than a preset activity threshold, a start instruction is sent to the purification unit corresponding to the target area.

[0119] In this embodiment, after receiving the radioactivity transmitted by the radioactivity detection units 12, the control unit 13 can determine whether each received radioactivity is greater than a pre-set activity threshold. If the control unit 13 determines that in a certain area within or outside the emergency habitable area, there is at least one radioactivity detection unit 12 transmitting a radioactivity greater than the activity threshold, the control unit 13 can determine that the area is a target area. The target area can be an area where there is at least one radioactivity detection unit 12 transmitting a radioactivity greater than the activity threshold. The target area can be an area within the emergency habitable area or an area outside the emergency habitable area. If the control unit 13 determines that in a certain area within or outside the emergency habitable area, the radioactivity transmitted by all radioactivity detection units 12 is less than or equal to the activity threshold, the control unit 13 can determine that the area is not a target area.

[0120] The control unit 13 can continuously determine whether there is a target area in the emergency habitable area. If the control unit 13 determines that there is a target area in the emergency habitable area, the control unit 13 can send a start instruction to the purification unit 11 corresponding to the target area to start the purification unit 11 corresponding to the target area. The purification unit 11 corresponding to the target area is a purification unit 11 located within the target area, or it can be a purification unit 11 located outside the target area. The control unit 13 can query the preset purification unit conversion table according to the identifier of the target area to determine the purification unit 11 corresponding to the target area. The purification unit conversion table can include identifiers of multiple areas and the purification units 11 corresponding to each identifier. If the control unit 13 determines that there is no target area in the emergency habitable area, the control unit 13 may not send a start instruction.

[0121] In one possible implementation, when the control unit 13 determines that there is a target area in the emergency habitable area, the control unit 13 may send a start instruction to all purification units 11 including power modules 115 in the target area to start all purification units 11 in the target area.

[0122] In one possible implementation, when the control unit 13 determines that a target area exists within the emergency habitable area, the control unit 13 may further determine a target decontamination unit within the target area based on radioactive materials with radioactive activity greater than an activity threshold, and send a start instruction to the target decontamination unit to activate the target decontamination unit within the target area. The control unit 13 may determine the target decontamination unit within the target area based on the radioactive materials detectable by the detectors. For example, if the control unit 13 determines that the radioactive activity emitted by a radioactive aerosol detector within the emergency habitable area is greater than the activity threshold, the control unit 13 may determine the area where the radioactive aerosol detector is located as the target area and determine the decontamination unit 11 within the target area that includes the second filter unit 1122 as the target unit. For another example, if the control unit 13 determines that the radioactive activity emitted by a radioactive iodine detector within the emergency habitable area is greater than the activity threshold, the control unit 13 may determine the area where the radioactive iodine detector is located as the target area and determine the decontamination unit 11 within the target area that includes the third filter unit 1123 as the target unit.

[0123] In order to further demonstrate the effectiveness of the ventilation system 1 provided in the embodiment of the present application, the embodiment of the present application further provides experimental data.

[0124] In the prior art, when the circulating air volume of the main ventilation unit is 50,000 cubic meters per hour, the fresh air volume filtered by the ventilation system 1 of the prior art is about 900 cubic meters per hour, and the internal leakage of unfiltered air in the emergency habitable area is about 3,000 cubic meters per hour.

[0125] After using Case 1, assume that the unfiltered air leakage rate in the main control room is 3,000 cubic meters per hour. The unfiltered air is mixed evenly within the main control room and then filtered by purification unit 11 in Case 1. If purification unit 11's air filtration efficiency is 90%, then after one hour of filtration, the residual radioactive aerosols and radioactive iodine in 3,000 cubic meters of air will be 2.15E-17, indicating that the radioactive material can be almost completely removed within one hour. If purification unit 11's air filtration efficiency is 50%, then after one hour of filtration, the residual radioactive aerosols and radioactive iodine in 3,000 cubic meters of air will be 9.61E-6, thus also indicating that the radioactive material can be almost completely removed within one hour. If purification unit 11's air filtration efficiency is 20%, then after one hour of filtration, the removal rate of radioactive aerosols and radioactive iodine in 3,000 cubic meters of air will be 97.6%. It can be seen that the ventilation system 1 provided in the embodiment of the present application can significantly improve the habitability of the emergency habitable area, thereby ensuring the radiation safety of the main control room operator under accident conditions.

[0126] It should be noted that the size of the serial numbers of the steps in the above embodiments does not mean the order of execution. The execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiments of this application.

[0127] The embodiments of the present application further disclose a computer-readable storage medium, wherein the computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program. When the computer program is executed by a processor, the control method of the ventilation system as described in the above embodiments is implemented.

[0128] An embodiment of the present application further discloses a computer program product. When the computer program product is run on a computer, the computer is enabled to execute the ventilation system control method described in the aforementioned embodiments.

[0129] The above embodiments are intended only to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application and are not intended to limit them. Although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they may still modify the technical solutions described in the above embodiments or replace some of the technical features therein with equivalents; and such modifications or replacements do not deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application and should be included within the scope of protection of the present application.

Claims

1. A ventilation system, characterized in that: Applicable to the emergency habitable area of a nuclear power plant; comprising purification units of multiple functional types; different purification units are installed in different areas of the emergency habitable area; the purification units of different functional types are used to filter different radioactive substances; the purification units each include an air intake module, a purification module, and an exhaust module; The air inlet module is connected to the purification module and is used to pass the air in the emergency habitable area into the purification module; The purification module is connected to the exhaust module, and is used to filter the radioactive substances corresponding to the functional type of the purification unit, and discharge the filtered air into the emergency habitable area through the exhaust module.

2. The ventilation system according to claim 1, characterized in that The radioactive substances include radioactive particles and radioactive aerosols; the purification module includes a first filter unit and a second filter unit; The first filter unit is connected to the air inlet module and is used to filter the radioactive particles in the air whose diameter is greater than a first threshold; The second filter unit is connected to the first filter unit and is used to filter the radioactive aerosol in the air filtered by the first filter unit.

3. The ventilation system according to claim 2, characterized in that The radioactive substance includes radioactive iodine gas in the radioactive gas; the purification module further includes a third filtering unit; The third filter unit is connected to the second filter unit and is used to filter the radioactive iodine gas in the air filtered by the second filter unit.

4. The ventilation system according to claim 3, characterized in that The third filter unit includes at least one of a carbon fiber iodine filter, an activated carbon particle filter, and a composite filter; the composite filter includes a pre-filter and a carbon fiber iodine filter; the pre-filter is used to filter the radioactive particles with a diameter greater than the first threshold; the carbon fiber iodine filter is used to filter the radioactive iodine gas; the activated carbon particle filter can be used to filter the radioactive iodine gas.

5. The ventilation system according to claim 1, wherein: The radioactive substances include radioactive gases and radioactive particles; the purification module includes a fourth filter unit and a fifth filter unit; The fourth filter unit is connected to the air inlet module and is used to filter the radioactive particles in the air whose diameter is greater than a second threshold; The fifth filter unit is connected to the fourth filter unit and is used to filter the radioactive gas in the air filtered by the fourth filter unit.

6. The ventilation system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The purification unit also includes a drying module; The drying module is arranged between the purification module and the exhaust module, and is used to dry the air filtered by the purification module and then pass it into the exhaust module.

7. The ventilation system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The air inlet module is connected to the air inlet of the ventilation duct of the ventilation system, and is used to pass the air in the emergency habitable area into the purification unit through the ventilation duct; and / or The exhaust module is connected to the air outlet of the ventilation duct and is used to discharge the filtered air through the ventilation duct.

8. The ventilation system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The purification unit also includes a power module: The power module is arranged between the air intake module and the purification module, or between the exhaust module and the purification module, and is used to make the air pressure at the air intake module lower than the air pressure at the exhaust module, so that the air passes through the air intake module, the purification module and the exhaust module in sequence.

9. The ventilation system according to claim 8, characterized in that The ventilation system further includes a plurality of radiation detection units and a control unit; different radiation detection units are installed in different areas within or outside the emergency habitable area; a plurality of radioactive detection units, connected to the control unit respectively via communication links, for collecting radioactive activity of the air in each area within the emergency habitable area and / or radioactive activity of the air in each area outside the emergency habitable area; The control unit is connected to each of the purification units via a communication link, and is configured to send a start instruction to at least one of the purification units when the radioactivity transmitted by any of the radioactivity detection units is greater than an activity threshold; Accordingly, the power module of the purification unit includes a main control unit and a fan; The main control unit is used to respond to the start instruction and start the fan.

10. A method for controlling a ventilation system, characterized in that: A control unit used in a ventilation system according to any one of claims 1 to 9, comprising: Obtaining the radioactive activity of the air in each area within the emergency habitable area or the radioactive activity of the air in each area outside the emergency habitable area; If there is a target area with a radioactive activity greater than a preset activity threshold, a start-up instruction is sent to the purification unit corresponding to the target area.

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