Composite rock breaking device and system and control method

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of engineering blasting, and discloses a composite rock breaking device and system and a control method. The device comprises an excitation wire, an excitation element, a thermonuclear, an expanding agent, a device outer wall and a heat insulation inner bag. The system comprises a cloud control center, a control base station and a plurality of composite rock breaking devices. The control method comprises the following steps: a cloud data center generates a composite rock breaking device distribution scheme, a composite rock breaking device setting scheme and a composite rock breaking control scheme, and sends the schemes to a control base station; according to the composite rock breaking device arrangement scheme, a plurality of composite rock breaking devices are arranged, and according to the composite rock breaking device distribution scheme, the composite rock breaking devices are deployed to the open-air step; and the control base station controls the multiple composite rock breaking devices to blast the open-air step according to the composite rock breaking control scheme. The problems that in the prior art, the blasting effect is poor, and the intelligent degree is low are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of engineering blasting, and in particular relates to a composite rock breaking device, system and control method. Background Art

[0002] Open-pit bench blasting is a key link in mining and has a decisive impact on the economic efficiency and safety of the project. The work of explosives is the combined action of shock waves and explosive gases, resulting in low energy utilization. Under coupled charges, there is a certain range of crushing zone around the blasthole, causing blasting energy dissipation. Uncoupled charge structures are often used on site. Combined with the uncoupled cavity flow or the incompressible nature of the spacer material, this increases the working time of the explosive gas to a certain extent and optimizes the blasting energy utilization rate. However, the reduction in charge amount also leads to relatively limited blasting effects. In recent years, with the gradual development of gas blasting technology, its advantages in safety, economy, and controllability have gradually become prominent. If combined with uncoupled charge blasting technology, it can achieve the effect of composite blasting, optimize the energy distribution in the hole, reduce the range of the crushing zone, and improve the blasting effect.

[0003] The existing technology has the following defects:

[0004] 1) Poor blasting effect: Traditional gas blasting methods face constraints such as low heat transfer efficiency, difficult to control chemical reaction speed, and limited on-site electrical energy. Furthermore, the rock breaking method mainly relies on gas expansion. While it is relatively suitable for intact rock masses, it is not suitable for blasting areas with significant joints and faults. However, in the blasting area, the gas wedge effect causes the structural surface to open, resulting in the dissipation of blasting energy, rapid blasting energy decay, and poor blasting effect.

[0005] 2) Low level of intelligence: The control system of existing technologies has a low level of intelligence. During the prefabrication, site selection, and detonation control of the composite rock breaking device, a lot of manual intervention is required. This leads to high labor costs and low safety, making major accidents prone to occur. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In order to solve the problems of poor blasting effect and low intelligence level in the prior art, the present invention aims to provide a composite rock breaking device, system and control method.

[0007] The technical solution adopted in the present invention is:

[0008] A composite rock breaking device includes an excitation wire, an excitation element, a thermal core, an expansion agent, an outer wall of the device, and an insulating inner bag. The insulating inner bag is arranged inside the outer wall of the device, an expansion agent is arranged between the outer side of the insulating inner bag and the inner side of the outer wall of the device, and a thermal core is arranged inside the insulating inner bag. The end of the excitation wire is connected to the excitation element, and the head end of the excitation wire is connected to an external control base station. The excitation element is arranged inside the thermal core.

[0009] Furthermore, materials of the expansion agent include liquid nitrogen, liquid oxygen, liquid carbon dioxide and dry ice.

[0010] Furthermore, the material of the outer wall of the device includes energetic material and a combination of energetic material and plastic material.

[0011] Furthermore, the thermonuclear element is an explosive and the excitation element is a detonator.

[0012] Furthermore, the thermonuclear element is a combustion agent, and the excitation element is an electric ignition head.

[0013] A composite rock breaking system is based on a composite rock breaking device. The composite rock breaking device includes an excitation wire, an excitation element, a thermonuclear core, an expansion agent, an outer wall of the device, and an insulating inner bag. The system includes a cloud control center, a control base station, and several composite rock breaking devices. The control base station is respectively communicated with the cloud control center and several composite rock breaking devices. Several composite rock breaking devices are all set on open-air steps.

[0014] Furthermore, the cloud control center includes a data acquisition unit, an open-pit step simulation model generation unit, a rock breaking solution generation unit and a data transmission unit which are connected in sequence, and the data transmission unit is communicatively connected to the control base station.

[0015] Furthermore, the rock breaking solution generation unit is provided with a composite rock breaking device distribution solution generation model, a composite rock breaking device setting solution generation model and a composite rock breaking control solution generation model.

[0016] A control method for a composite rock breaking system is disclosed. The composite rock breaking system includes a cloud control center, a control base station, and several composite rock breaking devices. The composite rock breaking devices include an excitation wire, an excitation element, a thermonuclear core, an expansion agent, a device outer wall, and an insulating inner bag. The control method includes the following steps:

[0017] The cloud data center generates a composite rock breaking device distribution plan, composite rock breaking device setting plan, and composite rock breaking control plan for the open-pit steps and sends them to the control base station;

[0018] According to the composite rock breaking device setting plan, several composite rock breaking devices are set up, and according to the composite rock breaking device distribution plan, several composite rock breaking devices are deployed on the open-air steps;

[0019] The control base station controls several composite rock breaking devices to blast the open-air steps according to the composite rock breaking control plan.

[0020] Furthermore, the cloud data center generates a composite rock breaking device distribution plan, a composite rock breaking device setting plan, and a composite rock breaking control plan for the open-air steps, and sends them to the control base station, including the following steps:

[0021] The cloud data center uses a data acquisition unit to collect 3D modeling data and rock property data of the open-pit steps;

[0022] Using the open-air step simulation model generation unit, a three-dimensional simulation is performed based on the three-dimensional modeling data of the open-air step to construct a corresponding open-air step simulation model;

[0023] Use the rock breaking plan generation unit to generate a rock breaking plan based on the open-pit bench simulation model and rock property data, and obtain the composite rock breaking device distribution plan, composite rock breaking device setting plan, and composite rock breaking control plan for the open-pit bench;

[0024] The data transmission unit is used to send the composite rock breaking device distribution plan, the composite rock breaking device setting plan and the composite rock breaking control plan to the control base station.

[0025] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0026] The present invention discloses a composite rock-breaking device, system, and control method that can ensure heat transfer efficiency, increase the gas phase change rate, and improve the blasting effect, providing technical support for refined blasting construction. The composite rock-breaking device uses a composite blasting method that combines uncoupled charge blasting, gas phase change, and energetic material impact explosion. The explosive is used as a heat source to drive the phase change of the material. After transient expansion, the energetic material is driven to break and invade the rock mass fracture network. The high-speed impact is used to trigger the detonation of the energetic material, forming a superimposed blasting effect. This process can effectively activate the expansion of primary fractures and weak planes in the rock mass, promote the development of secondary fractures, improve the crushing effect, break through the traditional rock-breaking boundaries, and significantly improve the level of refined blasting construction under complex geological conditions. The composite rock-breaking system realizes automatic remote control of the automatic setting, point selection, and detonation process of the composite rock-breaking device according to the state of the open-pit step through the coordinated work of a cloud control center, a control base station, and several composite rock-breaking devices. This reduces manual intervention and improves the intelligent control level, construction efficiency, and safety factor.

[0027] Other beneficial effects of the present invention will be further described in the specific embodiments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the composite rock breaking device in the present invention.

[0029] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of the composite rock breaking system in the present invention.

[0030] Figure 3 It is a flow chart of the control method of the composite rock breaking system in the present invention.

[0031] In the figure, 1. Composite rock breaking device; 11. Excitation wire; 12. Excitation element; 13. Thermal core; 14. Expansion agent; 15. Outer wall of the device; 16. Insulation inner bag; 17. Filling object; 18. Blast hole; 2. Cloud control center; 3. Control base station. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] The present invention will be further explained below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0033] Example 1:

[0034] like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment provides a composite rock breaking device, which includes an excitation wire 11, an excitation element 12, a thermal core 13, an expansion agent 14, a device outer wall 15, and a thermal insulation inner bag 16. The thermal insulation inner bag 16 is arranged inside the device outer wall 15. The expansion agent 14 is arranged between the outer side of the thermal insulation inner bag 16 and the inner side of the device outer wall 15. The thermal core 13 is arranged inside the thermal insulation inner bag 16. The end of the excitation wire 11 is connected to the excitation element 12, and the head end of the excitation wire 11 is connected to the external control base station 3. The excitation element 12 is arranged inside the thermal core 13.

[0035] The thermonuclear 13 provides a heat source for the gasification and expansion of the expansion agent 14, which is excited by the excitation element 12. The expansion agent 14 is a substance that can produce a phase change under high heat. At the same time, the thermonuclear 13 is placed in an insulating inner bag 16. The insulating inner bag 16 can effectively isolate the heat exchange between the expansion agent 14 and the thermonuclear 13 to prevent the explosive from failing due to low temperature. A filler 17 is provided at the top of the outer wall 15 of the device, and the prepared composite rock breaking device 1 is set in the blasthole 18 of the open-air step.

[0036] Preferably, the material of the expansion agent 14 includes liquid nitrogen, liquid oxygen, liquid carbon dioxide and dry ice.

[0037] Preferably, the material of the outer wall 15 of the device is an energetic material;

[0038] The outer wall 15 of the device is constructed from a compacted energetic material shell. The energetic material should exhibit impact-induced properties and ensure safety. Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), for example, can be used, as it exhibits low sensitivity, high energy, and thermal stability under normal conditions. When the gas undergoes a phase change and expands, the energetic material fragments and enters the rock fissures with the high-pressure gas flow, colliding with the rock mass and causing the energetic material to explode, enhancing the blasting effect.

[0039] Preferably, the thermonuclear element 13 is explosive and the excitation element 12 is a detonator.

[0040] Example 2:

[0041] This embodiment provides a composite rock breaking device, which is based on the technical solution of Example 1. The difference from Example 1 is that in this embodiment, the thermonuclear core 13 is a combustion agent and the excitation element 12 is an electric ignition head.

[0042] Preferably, the material of the outer wall 15 of the device is a combination of energetic material and plastic material;

[0043] The outer wall of the device outer wall 15 is a plastic shell with a hollow interlayer, and energetic material powder is directly poured into the hollow interlayer.

[0044] Example 3:

[0045] like Figure 2 As shown, this embodiment provides a composite rock breaking system based on a composite rock breaking device 1. The composite rock breaking device 1 includes an excitation wire 11, an excitation element 12, a thermal core 13, an expansion agent 14, a device outer wall 15, and an insulating inner bag 16. The system includes a cloud control center 2, a control base station 3, and a plurality of composite rock breaking devices 1. The control base station 3 is respectively connected to the cloud control center 2 and the plurality of composite rock breaking devices 1 for communication. The plurality of composite rock breaking devices 1 are all installed on an open-air step.

[0046] The cloud control center 2 is used to generate a distribution plan of the composite rock breaking device 1 for the open-pit steps, a setting plan of the composite rock breaking device 1, and a composite rock breaking control plan, and send them to the control base station 3;

[0047] A control base station 3, configured to control a plurality of composite rock breaking devices 1 according to a composite rock breaking control scheme;

[0048] The composite rock breaking device 1 is used to control the excitation element 12 to ignite the thermonuclear 13 according to the excitation signal of the control base station 3, so as to realize blasting of the open-air step.

[0049] Preferably, the cloud control center 2 includes a data acquisition unit, an open-pit step simulation model generation unit, a rock breaking scheme generation unit, and a data transmission unit connected in sequence, and the data transmission unit is communicatively connected to the control base station 3;

[0050] Data acquisition unit, used to collect 3D modeling data and rock property data of the open-pit steps;

[0051] An open-air step simulation model generation unit is used to perform three-dimensional simulation based on the three-dimensional modeling data of the open-air step to construct a corresponding open-air step simulation model;

[0052] A rock breaking scheme generating unit is used to generate a rock breaking scheme based on the open-pit bench simulation model and rock property data, and obtain a distribution scheme of the composite rock breaking device 1 for the open-pit bench, a setting scheme of the composite rock breaking device 1, and a composite rock breaking control scheme;

[0053] The data transmission unit is used to send the distribution plan of the composite rock breaking device 1 , the setting plan of the composite rock breaking device 1 and the composite rock breaking control plan to the control base station 3 .

[0054] Preferably, the rock breaking solution generation unit is provided with a composite rock breaking device 1 distribution solution generation model, a composite rock breaking device 1 setting solution generation model and a composite rock breaking control solution generation model.

[0055] Example 4:

[0056] like Figure 3 As shown, this embodiment provides a control method for a composite rock breaking system. The composite rock breaking system includes a cloud control center, a control base station, and several composite rock breaking devices. The composite rock breaking devices include an excitation wire, an excitation element, a thermal core, an expansion agent, a device outer wall, and an insulating inner bag. The control method includes the following steps:

[0057] S1: The cloud data center generates a composite rock breaking device distribution plan, composite rock breaking device setting plan, and composite rock breaking control plan for the open-pit steps and sends them to the control base station. This includes the following steps:

[0058] S1-1: Cloud data center, using data acquisition units to collect 3D modeling data and rock property data of the open-pit steps;

[0059] S1-2: Using the open-air step simulation model generation unit, perform three-dimensional simulation based on the three-dimensional modeling data of the open-air step to construct a corresponding open-air step simulation model;

[0060] S1-3: Using the rock breaking plan generation unit, a rock breaking plan is generated based on the open-pit bench simulation model and rock property data to obtain a composite rock breaking device distribution plan, a composite rock breaking device setting plan, and a composite rock breaking control plan for the open-pit bench, including the following steps:

[0061] S1-3-1: Based on the open-pit bench simulation model, use the composite rock breaking device distribution scheme generation model of the rock breaking scheme generation unit to generate a composite rock breaking device distribution scheme to obtain a composite rock breaking device distribution scheme for the open-pit bench;

[0062] The composite rock-breaking device distribution scheme generation model is built based on the 3D Deep Belief Network (3D Deep Belief Network)-Conditional Generative Adversarial Network (CGAN) algorithm. The composite rock-breaking device distribution scheme generation model includes a three-dimensional feature extraction module built based on the 3D-DBN algorithm and a composite rock-breaking device distribution scheme generation module built based on the cGAN algorithm.

[0063] A three-dimensional feature extraction module is used to extract the three-dimensional features of the open-air step simulation model;

[0064] A composite rock breaking device distribution plan generation module is used to generate the optimal composite rock breaking device distribution plan based on three-dimensional features;

[0065] S1-3-2: Based on the open-pit bench simulation model, the distribution locations of all composite rock breaking devices in the composite rock breaking device distribution plan, and the rock property data at the corresponding locations, a composite rock breaking device setting plan generation model is used to generate a composite rock breaking device setting plan to obtain a composite rock breaking device setting plan. The composite rock breaking device setting plan includes the setting parameters and materials of each composite rock breaking device in the composite rock breaking device distribution plan, including the size, size, material of the device outer wall, and the material and amount of the heat core and expansion agent.

[0066] The composite rock-breaking device setting scheme generation model is built based on the Long Short-Term Memory network-Graph Attention Network-Multi-Layer Perceptron algorithm. The composite rock-breaking device setting scheme generation model includes a rock characteristic data feature extraction module built based on the LSTM algorithm, a composite rock-breaking device distribution feature extraction module built based on the GAT algorithm, and a composite rock-breaking device setting scheme generation module built based on the MLP algorithm.

[0067] A rock characteristic data feature extraction module, used to extract rock characteristic data features of rock characteristic data;

[0068] A composite rock breaking device distribution feature extraction module is used to extract composite rock breaking device distribution features of the distribution positions of all composite rock breaking devices in the composite rock breaking device distribution scheme;

[0069] The composite rock breaking device setting scheme generation module is used to integrate the three-dimensional features of the open-pit bench simulation model, the rock property data features, and the distribution characteristics of the composite rock breaking device to generate a composite rock breaking device setting scheme and obtain a composite rock breaking device setting scheme;

[0070] S1-3-3: Based on the open-pit bench simulation model, the composite rock breaking device distribution plan, and the composite rock breaking device setting plan, a composite rock breaking control plan generation model is used to generate a composite rock breaking control plan to obtain a composite rock breaking control plan;

[0071] The composite rock-breaking control solution generation model is built based on the Multi-Objective Group Relative Policy Optimization (MOGRPO) algorithm. The composite rock-breaking control solution generation includes an objective function set, an experience replay pool, an intelligent agent, and a policy network.

[0072] Based on the open-pit bench simulation model, the composite rock breaking device distribution plan, and the composite rock breaking device setting plan, a composite rock breaking control plan generation model is used to generate a composite rock breaking control plan. The composite rock breaking control plan includes the following steps:

[0073] S1-3-3-1: Update the state space of the intelligent agent of the composite rock breaking control scheme generation model according to the open-pit bench simulation model, the composite rock breaking device distribution scheme, and the composite rock breaking device setting scheme to obtain an updated state space;

[0074] S1-3-3-2: Randomly extract a number of composite rock-breaking control scheme generation experiences from the experience replay pool of the composite rock-breaking control scheme generation model, and update the action space of the intelligent agent based on the composite rock-breaking control scheme generation experiences to obtain an updated action space; this includes dynamically adjusting the range of actions, adding new action types, or modifying the parameters of existing actions;

[0075] S1-3-3-3: Based on the updated state space and updated action space, use the intelligent agent of the composite rock breaking control scheme generation model and the control strategy network to generate the composite rock breaking control scheme;

[0076] S1-4: Using the data transmission unit, the composite rock breaking device distribution plan, the composite rock breaking device setting plan, and the composite rock breaking control plan are sent to the control base station;

[0077] S2: According to the composite rock breaking device setting plan, several composite rock breaking devices are set up, and according to the composite rock breaking device distribution plan, several composite rock breaking devices are deployed on the open-air steps, including the following steps:

[0078] S2-1: Preparation of the parameters and materials in the composite rock breaking device setup plan, including the preparation of the thermal core, expansion agent, device outer wall, and thermal insulation inner bag;

[0079] S2-2: Place the thermonuclear core in the insulated inner bag, insert the excitation element into the thermonuclear core, place the expansion agent between the insulated inner bag and the outer wall of the device, connect the end of the excitation wire to the excitation element, and connect the head end of the excitation wire to the initiator of the control base station;

[0080] S2-3: Deploy several composite rock breaking devices to the open-pit steps according to the composite rock breaking device distribution plan;

[0081] S3: The control base station controls the detonator to detonate several composite rock breaking devices to blast the open-air steps according to the composite rock breaking control plan.

[0082] The present invention discloses a composite rock-breaking device, system, and control method that can ensure heat transfer efficiency, increase the gas phase change rate, and improve the blasting effect, providing technical support for refined blasting construction. The composite rock-breaking device uses a composite blasting method that combines uncoupled charge blasting, gas phase change, and energetic material impact explosion. The explosive is used as a heat source to drive the phase change of the material. After transient expansion, the energetic material is driven to break and invade the rock mass fracture network. The high-speed impact is used to trigger the detonation of the energetic material, forming a superimposed blasting effect. This process can effectively activate the expansion of primary fractures and weak planes in the rock mass, promote the development of secondary fractures, improve the crushing effect, break through the traditional rock-breaking boundaries, and significantly improve the level of refined blasting construction under complex geological conditions. The composite rock-breaking system realizes automatic remote control of the automatic setting, point selection, and detonation process of the composite rock-breaking device according to the state of the open-pit step through the coordinated work of a cloud control center, a control base station, and several composite rock-breaking devices. This reduces manual intervention and improves the intelligent control level, construction efficiency, and safety factor.

[0083] The specific implementation methods described above further illustrate the objectives, technical solutions and beneficial effects of the present invention in detail. It should be understood that the above description is only a specific implementation method of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A composite rock breaking device, characterized by: The device comprises an excitation wire (11), an excitation element (12), a thermal core (13), an expansion agent (14), an outer wall of the device (15), and an insulating inner bag (16), wherein the insulating inner bag (16) is arranged inside the outer wall of the device (15), an expansion agent (14) is arranged between the outer side of the insulating inner bag (16) and the inner side of the outer wall of the device (15), and a thermal core (13) is arranged inside the insulating inner bag (16), the end of the excitation wire (11) is connected to the excitation element (12), and the head end of the excitation wire (11) is connected to an external control base station (3), and the excitation element (12) is arranged inside the thermal core (13).

2. A composite rock breaking device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The materials of the expansion agent (14) include liquid nitrogen, liquid oxygen, liquid carbon dioxide and dry ice.

3. The composite rock breaking device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The material of the outer wall (15) of the device includes an energetic material and a combination of an energetic material and a plastic material.

4. A composite rock breaking device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The thermonuclear element (13) is explosive, and the excitation element (12) is a detonator.

5. The composite rock breaking device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The thermonuclear (13) is a combustion agent, and the exciting element (12) is an electric ignition head.

6. A composite rock breaking system, based on the composite rock breaking device (1) according to claims 1-5, wherein the composite rock breaking device (1) comprises an excitation wire (11), an excitation element (12), a thermonuclear (13), an expansion agent (14), an outer wall of the device (15) and an insulating inner bag (16), and is characterized in that: The system comprises a cloud control center (2), a control base station (3) and a plurality of composite rock breaking devices (1), wherein the control base station (3) is respectively connected to the cloud control center (2) and the plurality of composite rock breaking devices (1), and the plurality of composite rock breaking devices (1) are all arranged on an open-air step.

7. The composite rock breaking system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The cloud control center (2) comprises a data acquisition unit, an open-pit step simulation model generation unit, a rock breaking scheme generation unit and a data transmission unit which are connected in sequence, and the data transmission unit is communicatively connected to the control base station (3).

8. The composite rock breaking system according to claim 7, characterized in that: The rock breaking scheme generation unit is provided with a composite rock breaking device (1) distribution scheme generation model, a composite rock breaking device (1) setting scheme generation model and a composite rock breaking control scheme generation model.

9. A control method for a composite rock breaking system, based on the composite rock breaking system according to claims 6-8, wherein the composite rock breaking system comprises a cloud control center, a control base station, and a plurality of composite rock breaking devices, wherein the composite rock breaking devices comprise an excitation wire, an excitation element, a thermal core, an expansion agent, a device outer wall, and an insulating inner bag, and wherein: The control method comprises the following steps: The cloud data center generates a composite rock breaking device distribution plan, composite rock breaking device setting plan, and composite rock breaking control plan for the open-pit steps and sends them to the control base station; According to the composite rock breaking device setting plan, several composite rock breaking devices are set up, and according to the composite rock breaking device distribution plan, several composite rock breaking devices are deployed on the open-air steps; The control base station controls several composite rock breaking devices to blast the open-air steps according to the composite rock breaking control plan.

10. The control method of a composite rock breaking system according to claim 9, characterized in that: The cloud data center generates a composite rock breaking device distribution plan, composite rock breaking device setting plan, and composite rock breaking control plan for the open-pit steps and sends them to the control base station, including the following steps: The cloud data center uses a data acquisition unit to collect 3D modeling data and rock property data of the open-pit steps; Using the open-air step simulation model generation unit, a three-dimensional simulation is performed based on the three-dimensional modeling data of the open-air step to construct a corresponding open-air step simulation model; Use the rock breaking plan generation unit to generate a rock breaking plan based on the open-pit bench simulation model and rock property data, and obtain the composite rock breaking device distribution plan, composite rock breaking device setting plan, and composite rock breaking control plan for the open-pit bench; The data transmission unit is used to send the composite rock breaking device distribution plan, the composite rock breaking device setting plan and the composite rock breaking control plan to the control base station.

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