Underground pipeline deformation monitoring method

Abstract

The invention provides an underground pipeline deformation monitoring method, and relates to the technical field of building construction, and the method comprises the steps: fixedly connecting the bottom end of a mounting pipe to a preset measurement point position of a to-be-monitored underground pipeline; concrete is poured into the mounting pipe to a set elevation and is vibrated compactly; arranging a leveling mark on the top surface of the concrete, and embedding and fixing a steel structure assembly; a concrete hole wall is poured around the top of the mounting pipe, and annular joint bars are arranged at the bottom of the concrete hole wall; backfilling sand around the mounting pipe and the concrete hole wall to the earth surface layer by layer; a cover plate is installed at the upper end of the concrete hole wall, and the upper surface of the cover plate is flush with the earth surface; and carrying out deformation monitoring. A stable monitoring structure is constructed through a series of operations such as mounting pipe construction, concrete pouring, concrete hole wall pouring, annular joint bar arrangement and layered sand backfilling, the influence of external factors on a monitoring result can be reduced, and the reliability of monitoring data is ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of building construction, and in particular to a method for monitoring deformation of underground pipelines. Background Art

[0002] Shallow underground water diversion pipes are widely used in water conservancy and municipal engineering, fulfilling critical functions such as water transmission and distribution. However, due to their shallow burial depth, they are susceptible to deformation due to various factors, such as ground loads, changing geological conditions, and groundwater level fluctuations. This is especially true when re-constructing pipelines above existing water diversion pipes, which requires excavating the ground and laying the new pipe over the old one. This unique structural form of the re-constructed pipeline section further complicates the stresses on the pipeline, significantly increasing the risk of deformation.

[0003] Once a pipe is deformed, if it is not discovered and handled in time, it may cause serious problems such as pipe rupture and leakage. This will not only affect the normal operation of water conservancy projects and cause waste of water resources, but may also cause damage to the surrounding environment, resulting in huge economic losses and safety hazards. At present, the existing direct measurement and monitoring methods for underground water pipe deformation have many defects: when using buried instruments for monitoring, subsequent maintenance work is difficult; although fiber Bragg grating methods and other sensor monitoring solutions can obtain certain data, they are expensive; and traditional measurement methods such as precision leveling methods or sight line methods have the problem of low monitoring accuracy. At the same time, these existing methods are difficult to fully reflect the overall deformation of underground pipelines and are difficult to meet the high standards required for underground pipeline safety monitoring in modern water conservancy and municipal engineering projects. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The problem solved by the present invention is: how to overcome at least one of the problems existing in the existing underground water pipe deformation monitoring method, such as low monitoring accuracy, difficulty in fully reflecting pipeline deformation, difficulty in subsequent maintenance or high cost, and realize accurate and comprehensive monitoring of underground pipeline deformation.

[0005] To solve the above problems, the present invention provides a method for monitoring deformation of underground pipelines, comprising: Connect the bottom end of the installation pipe to the predetermined measuring point of the underground pipeline to be monitored; Pour concrete into the installation pipe to a set elevation and vibrate to compact it, and adjust the verticality of the installation pipe; Setting a level mark on the top surface of the concrete and burying fixed steel structure components; Casting a concrete hole wall around the top of the installation pipe, and setting an annular dowel bar extending to the depth of the foundation pit at the bottom of the concrete hole wall; Backfilling sand material in layers around the installation pipe and the concrete hole wall to the ground surface, and correcting the verticality of the installation pipe in real time during the backfilling process; A cover plate is installed at the upper end of the concrete hole wall, and the upper surface of the cover plate is flush with the ground surface; A target is installed at the steel structure component, and deformation monitoring is performed based on the target.

[0006] Optionally, installing a target at the steel structure component and performing deformation monitoring based on the target includes: Setting up a working base point, a visual measuring device and a leveling measuring device at a location far away from the underground pipeline to be monitored; Open the cover plate and install the target on the steel structure assembly; Acquire horizontal displacement data and first vertical displacement data of the target by the visual measurement device; Acquiring second vertical displacement data of the level mark by the leveling measurement device; The visual measurement device and the leveling measurement device perform vertical displacement measurement synchronously, and the first vertical displacement data and the second vertical displacement data are used for mutual verification to improve monitoring accuracy.

[0007] Optionally, when the underground pipeline is an existing concrete pipe, the connection method between the bottom end of the installation pipe and the existing concrete pipe includes: setting a steel structure chassis above the existing concrete pipe, connecting the fixed plate at the bottom end of the installation pipe to the steel structure chassis through an extension bolt, and inserting one end of the extension bolt into the existing concrete pipe.

[0008] Optionally, when the underground pipeline is a concrete pipe to be built, the connection method between the bottom end of the installation pipe and the concrete pipe to be built includes: when pouring the concrete pipe to be built, welding the fixing plate at the bottom end of the installation pipe to the steel bars in the concrete pipe to be built.

[0009] Optionally, when the underground pipeline is a steel pipe, the connection method between the bottom end of the installation pipe and the steel pipe includes: Connect the fixing plate at the bottom end of the mounting pipe to the steel structure mounting piece through bolts, and then connect the steel structure mounting piece to the steel pipe; Alternatively, the bottom end of the mounting pipe is connected to the steel pipe by welding.

[0010] Optionally, pouring concrete into the installation pipe to a set elevation and vibrating and compacting it includes: pouring the concrete in layers, with each layer being no thicker than 30 cm, and each layer being vibrated and compacted.

[0011] Optionally, the inner diameter of the concrete hole wall matches the outer diameter of the mounting tube, vertical dowels and / or oblique dowels are arranged at intervals in an annular direction at the bottom of the concrete hole wall and extend to the depth of the foundation pit, and the top of the concrete hole wall is constructed as a support platform for carrying a cover plate.

[0012] Optionally, the sand material is a mixed graded sand and gravel of medium-coarse sand and crushed stone, and the thickness of each layer of layered backfill is 200 mm to 300 mm. During backfilling, the material is evenly placed around the installation pipe and vibrated.

[0013] Optionally, installing a target at the steel structure component and performing deformation monitoring based on the target also includes: when there is traffic requirement on the ground, the cover plate closes the steel structure component and the level mark during non-monitoring period, and opens the cover plate to install the target during monitoring; when there is no traffic requirement on the ground, the target is continuously installed on the steel structure component to achieve continuous automatic observation.

[0014] Optionally, the working base point is set on a stable bedrock, and its three-dimensional displacement is measured by a plane monitoring control network, and its vertical displacement is measured by a level monitoring control network to obtain the absolute displacement of the pipeline to be measured.

[0015] The method for monitoring deformation of underground pipelines of the present invention is as follows: first, the installation pipe is fixed at a predetermined measuring point position of the underground pipeline to be monitored, concrete is poured into the installation pipe and vibrated to compact it, a level mark and a fixed steel structure component are set on the top surface of the concrete, and the verticality of the installation pipe is adjusted. Then, a concrete hole wall is poured around the top of the installation pipe, annular dowel bars are set, sand is backfilled in layers around the installation pipe and the concrete hole wall, and the verticality of the installation pipe is corrected in real time, and finally a cover plate flush with the ground surface is installed on the upper end of the concrete hole wall. Through the above series of operations, a stable monitoring structure that is closely connected to the underground pipeline is constructed, providing a reliable benchmark for subsequent deformation monitoring. Targets can be installed at the steel structure components, and working base points, visual measurement equipment, and leveling measurement equipment, for example, can be set at locations away from the underground pipeline to be monitored to obtain corresponding monitoring data and achieve accurate and comprehensive monitoring of the deformation of the underground pipeline. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 A partial structural diagram of an embodiment of the present invention Figure 1 ; Figure 3 A partial structural diagram of an embodiment of the present invention Figure 2 ; Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the connection method between the installation pipe and the existing concrete pipe according to one embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a connection method between an installation pipe and a concrete pipe to be constructed according to one embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the connection method between the installation pipe and the existing steel pipe according to one embodiment of the present invention Figure 1 ; Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the connection method between the installation pipe and the existing steel pipe according to one embodiment of the present invention Figure 2 ; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the connection method between the installation pipe and the steel pipe to be built according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0017] Description of reference numerals: 1. Mounting pipe; 1-1. Fixing plate; 2. Underground pipeline; 3. Level mark; 4. Steel structure components; 5. Concrete hole wall; 6. Dowel rod; 7. Cover plate; 8. Working base point; 9. Visual measurement equipment; 10. Leveling equipment; 11. Target; 12. Steel structure chassis; 13. Extension bolts; 14. Steel structure mounting parts. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] To make the above-mentioned objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, specific embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Although certain embodiments of the present invention are shown in the accompanying drawings, it should be understood that the present invention can be implemented in various forms and should not be construed as being limited to the embodiments described herein. Instead, these embodiments are provided to provide a more thorough and complete understanding of the present invention. It should be understood that the drawings and embodiments of the present invention are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0019] The term "including" and its variations used in this document are open inclusions, that is, "including but not limited to"; the term "based on" means "based at least in part on"; the term "one embodiment" means "at least one embodiment"; the term "another embodiment" means "at least one other embodiment"; the term "some embodiments" means "at least some embodiments"; the term "optionally" means "optional embodiments". The relevant definitions of other terms will be given in the following description. It should be noted that the concepts of "first", "second", etc. mentioned in the present invention are only used to distinguish different devices, modules or units, and are not used to limit the order or interdependence of the functions performed by these devices, modules or units.

[0020] It should be noted that the modifications of "one" and "multiple" mentioned in the present invention are illustrative rather than restrictive. Those skilled in the art should understand that unless otherwise clearly indicated in the context, it should be understood as "one or more".

[0021] like Figure 1-Figure 3As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for monitoring deformation of an underground pipeline, comprising the following steps: S1: Fixing the bottom end of the installation pipe 1 to a predetermined measuring point of the underground pipeline 2 to be monitored; S2: Pour concrete into the installation pipe 1 to the set elevation and vibrate it to make it dense, and adjust the verticality of the installation pipe 1; S3: Set a level mark 3 on the top surface of the concrete and bury and fix the steel structure components 4; S4: pouring a concrete hole wall 5 around the top of the installation pipe 1, and setting a circular dowel 6 extending to the deep end of the foundation pit at the bottom of the concrete hole wall 5; S5: Backfill sand material around the installation pipe 1 and the concrete hole wall 5 in layers to the ground surface, and correct the verticality of the installation pipe 1 in real time during the backfilling process; S6: Install a cover plate 7 on the upper end of the concrete hole wall 5, with the upper surface of the cover plate 7 flush with the ground surface; S7: Perform deformation monitoring: S7.1: Set up a working base point 8, a visual measuring device 9, and a leveling device 10 at a location away from the underground pipeline 2 to be monitored; S7.2: Open the cover plate 7 and install the target 11 on the steel structure component 4; S7.3: Acquire horizontal displacement data and first vertical displacement data of the target 11 through the visual measurement device 9; S7.4: Obtain second vertical displacement data of the level mark 3 using the leveling device 10; S7.5: After monitoring is completed, remove the target 11 and close the cover 7; The visual measuring device 9 and the leveling measuring device 10 perform vertical displacement measurement synchronously, and the first vertical displacement data and the second vertical displacement data are mutually verified to improve the monitoring accuracy.

[0022] Specifically, the bottom end of the mounting pipe 1 is firmly fixed to the predetermined measuring point position of the underground pipeline 2 to be monitored to ensure that the monitoring device is tightly combined with the underground pipeline 2, so as to accurately reflect the deformation of the underground pipeline 2. Subsequently, concrete is poured into the mounting pipe 1 to the set elevation and vibrated to compact it, so that the concrete and the mounting pipe 1 are tightly combined to form a stable whole, providing reliable support for subsequent monitoring. During the concrete pouring process, the verticality of the mounting pipe 1 is adjusted to ensure that the mounting pipe 1 is in a vertical state, thereby reducing the monitoring error caused by the tilt of the mounting pipe 1. The mounting pipe 1 in this embodiment is made of stainless steel to ensure the structural strength of the mounting pipe 1. A level mark 3 is set on the top surface of the concrete. The level mark 3 is an important reference point for vertical displacement monitoring. The accuracy of its setting directly affects the accuracy of the monitoring results. Therefore, when installing the level mark 3 on the concrete, materials such as wood, steel bars or angle steel can be used, welded into a bracket of a specific size and shape, and fixed to the ground. Then, iron wire, clamps, etc. are used to tie or fix the level mark 3 to the bracket to ensure that the level mark 3 will not move during the concrete pouring and vibration process. At the same time, a fixed steel structure component 4 is buried to install the target 11, providing an installation position for subsequent horizontal and vertical displacement monitoring. Afterwards, a concrete hole wall 5 is poured around the top of the installation pipe 1. The concrete hole wall 5 can enhance the overall stability of the structure and prevent the soil around the installation pipe 1 from loosening due to external factors and affecting the monitoring accuracy. An annular dowel 6 extending to the deep end of the foundation pit is set at the bottom of the concrete hole wall 5. The annular dowel 6 is tightly combined with the surrounding soil, further improving the stability of the structure and ensuring that the monitoring device remains stable during long-term use. Sand is backfilled in layers around the installation pipe 1 and the concrete hole wall 5 until it reaches the ground surface. During the backfilling process, the verticality of the installation pipe 1 is corrected in real time. Layered backfilling with sand ensures the density of the backfill soil and reduces tilting of the installation pipe 1 caused by uneven settlement of the backfill soil. Real-time correction of the verticality of the installation pipe 1 allows for timely detection and correction of any deviations in the installation pipe 1, ensuring that the monitoring device is always in optimal monitoring condition. A cover plate 7 is installed at the upper end of the concrete hole wall 5, with the upper surface of the cover plate 7 flush with the ground surface. The cover plate 7 not only protects the installation pipe 1 and its internal structure from damage by external factors, but also maintains a flat ground surface, without affecting the normal use of ground transportation. A working base point 8, visual measurement equipment 9, and leveling equipment 10 are set up at a location away from the underground pipeline 2 to be monitored. As the reference point for monitoring, the stability of the working base point 8 directly affects the reliability of the monitoring results. Therefore, the working base point 8 is preferably set in a stable bedrock, stable soil layer, dense gravel layer, or pebble layer. The visual measuring device 9 and the leveling measuring device 10 are used to obtain the horizontal displacement data and the vertical displacement data of the target 11, and the vertical displacement data of the level mark 3. The cover plate 7 is opened, and the target 11 is installed at the steel structure component 4.The horizontal displacement data and the first vertical displacement data of the target 11 are obtained by the visual measuring device 9. The visual measuring device 9 has the advantages of high precision and non-contact measurement, and can quickly and accurately obtain the displacement information of the target 11. The second vertical displacement data of the level mark 3 is obtained by the leveling measuring device 10. The leveling measuring device 10 is a traditional vertical displacement measurement method with high precision and reliability. The visual measuring device 9 and the leveling measuring device 10 perform vertical displacement measurement synchronously, and the first vertical displacement data and the second vertical displacement data are mutually verified. Comparative analysis of the vertical displacement data obtained by two different measurement methods can effectively eliminate measurement errors and improve monitoring accuracy. After the measurement is completed, the target 11 is disassembled and the cover 7 is closed to restore the normal use of ground traffic while protecting the monitoring device from damage.

[0023] In this embodiment, by pouring concrete, casting concrete hole walls 5, setting annular dowels 6, and backfilling sand in layers, the stability of the installation pipe 1 and the surrounding structure is ensured, providing a reliable benchmark for monitoring and reducing monitoring errors caused by structural instability. In addition, the horizontal displacement data and vertical displacement data of the target 11, as well as the vertical displacement data of the level mark 3, can be obtained simultaneously, realizing multi-dimensional monitoring of the deformation of the underground pipeline 2 and more comprehensively reflecting the overall deformation of the underground pipeline 2. Moreover, the visual measurement device 9 and the leveling device 10 perform vertical displacement measurement synchronously, and the first vertical displacement data and the second vertical displacement data are mutually verified, which effectively improves the monitoring accuracy and can more accurately detect minor deformations of the pipeline. The cover plate 7 is installed and the upper surface of the cover plate 7 is flush with the ground surface, which plays a good protective role for the installation pipe 1 and the internal structure, preventing external factors from damaging the monitoring device and extending the service life of the monitoring device. In addition, during the monitoring process, it is only necessary to open the cover plate 7 to install the target 11. After the monitoring is completed, the target 11 is removed and the cover plate 7 is closed. The operation is relatively simple and convenient for on-site implementation. This embodiment achieves comprehensive and accurate monitoring of the deformation of the underground pipeline 2 through a series of scientific and reasonable steps, and has beneficial effects such as high stability, improved accuracy, and convenient operation. It can effectively meet the high standards required by modern water conservancy and municipal engineering for the safety monitoring of underground pipelines 2.

[0024] Alternatively, as Figure 4 As shown, in step S1, when the underground pipeline 2 is an existing concrete pipe, the connection method of the bottom end of the installation pipe 1 and the existing concrete pipe includes: setting a steel structure chassis 12 above the existing concrete pipe, connecting the fixed plate 1-1 at the bottom end of the installation pipe 1 to the steel structure chassis 12 through an extension bolt 13, and inserting one end of the extension bolt 13 into the concrete pipe.

[0025] Specifically, in this embodiment, the underground pipeline 2 is an existing concrete pipe. A steel structure chassis 12 is set at an appropriate position above the existing concrete pipe. The size and shape of the steel structure chassis 12 are set according to factors such as the diameter of the concrete pipe, the size of the mounting pipe 1, and monitoring requirements to ensure that it can be stably placed on the concrete pipe and provide sufficient support area for subsequent connections. The steel structure chassis 12 is made of steel and assembled by bolt connection to ensure its own structural strength and stability. A fixing plate 1-1 is provided at the bottom end of the mounting pipe 1. The size and shape of the fixing plate 1-1 should match the steel structure chassis 12 so that it can fit tightly on the steel structure chassis 12. The fixing plate 1-1 is made of the same stainless steel material as the mounting pipe 1 and is fixed to the bottom end of the mounting pipe 1 by welding. Then, an extension bolt 13 is used to connect the fixing plate 1-1 at the bottom end of the mounting pipe 1 to the steel structure chassis 12. The length of the extension bolt 13 is selected based on factors such as the wall thickness of the concrete pipe, the thickness of the steel structure chassis 12, and the thickness of the fixed plate 1-1, ensuring that one end of the extension bolt 13 can be smoothly inserted into the concrete pipe. During the connection process, the extension bolt 13 is first passed through the corresponding holes on the fixed plate 1-1 and the steel structure chassis 12, and then one end of the extension bolt 13 is inserted into the concrete pipe. By tightening the nut at the other end of the extension bolt 13, the fixed plate 1-1, the steel structure chassis 12, and the concrete pipe are tightly connected together. To ensure the firmness of the connection, gaskets can be placed between the nut and the steel structure chassis 12, and between the nut and the fixed plate 1-1, to increase the friction and stability of the connection.

[0026] In this optional embodiment, an extension bolt 13 is inserted into the concrete pipe. By leveraging the high strength characteristics of the concrete pipe, a strong anchoring force is provided for the connection between the installation pipe 1 and the existing concrete pipe. At the same time, the steel structure chassis 12 increases the contact area and stability of the connection, making the entire connection structure more solid and reliable, and able to effectively withstand various external forces that may occur during the monitoring process, thereby ensuring the stability of the monitoring device. For the specific type of underground pipeline 2, such as the existing concrete pipe, the connection method of this embodiment can well adapt to its structure and material characteristics, solving the problem of difficulty in connecting directly to the concrete pipe, so that this monitoring method can be widely used in various deformation monitoring scenarios of existing concrete pipes. Moreover, through the connection method of the steel structure chassis 12 and the extension bolt 13, the installation process is relatively simple, which is convenient for on-site construction operations. At the same time, during subsequent maintenance, if the installation pipe 1 or the monitoring device needs to be inspected, repaired or replaced, this connection method is also easy to disassemble and reinstall, reducing maintenance costs and work difficulty.

[0027] Alternatively, as Figure 5As shown, in step S1, when the underground pipeline 2 is a concrete pipe to be built, the connection method between the bottom end of the installation pipe 1 and the concrete pipe to be built includes: when pouring the concrete pipe to be built, the fixing plate 1-1 at the bottom end of the installation pipe 1 is welded and fixed to the steel bars in the concrete pipe to be built.

[0028] Specifically, in this embodiment, the underground pipeline 2 is a concrete pipe to be constructed. Before the concrete pipe to be constructed begins, the installation location and quantity of the installation pipes 1 are determined based on monitoring requirements. The installation pipes 1 are transported to the construction site, and the installation pipes 1 and their bottom fixing plates 1-1 are inspected for integrity. Simultaneously, the necessary welding equipment and materials, such as welding machines and welding rods, are prepared, ensuring that the welding machine is in good condition and the welding rods meet quality requirements. During the construction of the reinforced concrete pipe skeleton, the position and spacing of the rebar are determined according to design requirements. At the location where the installation pipes 1 are to be installed, they are positioned at an appropriate height and angle so that the bottom fixing plates 1-1 are in close contact with the rebar within the concrete pipe. When placing the installation pipes 1, ensure that their verticality meets monitoring requirements. This can be done using tools such as a spirit level. A welding machine is then used to weld the bottom fixing plates 1-1 of the installation pipes 1 to the rebar within the concrete pipe to be constructed. During the welding process, strict adherence to welding process specifications is performed, and parameters such as welding current, voltage, and welding speed are carefully controlled to ensure weld quality. The weld should be uniform and firm, avoiding defects such as porosity, slag inclusions, and incomplete penetration. After welding, inspect the weld to ensure that the weld strength meets the requirements. After the installation pipe 1 and the rebar are welded and secured, pour the concrete pipe to be constructed according to normal concrete pouring procedures. During the pouring process, care must be taken to protect the installation pipe 1 from direct impact with the concrete, which could cause displacement or damage. Furthermore, the quality of the concrete pour must be ensured, ensuring sufficient bonding between the concrete, the rebar, and the installation pipe 1 to form a cohesive structure.

[0029] In this optional embodiment, welding is a high-strength connection method. The fixing plate 1-1 at the bottom end of the installation tube 1 is welded to the rebar within the concrete pipe to be constructed, creating a tight and secure connection between the installation tube 1 and the concrete pipe. During subsequent pipe use and monitoring, the installation tube 1 can withstand significant external forces and is less likely to loosen or fall off, thus ensuring the stability of the monitoring device. Furthermore, the connection is performed during the pouring of the concrete pipe to be constructed, eliminating the need for an additional construction step specifically for installing the installation tube 1. This allows for simultaneous installation of the installation tube 1 and construction of the concrete pipe to be constructed, improving construction efficiency and reducing the construction period while also preventing damage or impact to the existing concrete pipe caused by secondary construction. Furthermore, welding the installation tube 1 to the rebar within the concrete pipe forms a structurally integrated unit with the concrete pipe, helping to reduce relative displacement caused by pipe deformation and improving the accuracy and reliability of monitoring data. Furthermore, the well-integrated structure allows for better coordinated deformation in response to environmental changes (such as temperature fluctuations and foundation settlement), reducing the risk of pipe rupture and leakage.

[0030] Alternatively, as Figure 6-8 As shown, in step S1, when the underground pipeline 2 is a steel pipe, the connection method between the bottom end of the installation pipe 1 and the steel pipe includes: The fixing plate 1-1 at the bottom end of the mounting tube 1 is connected to the steel structure mounting member 14 by bolts, and then the steel structure mounting member 14 is connected to the steel tube; Alternatively, the bottom end of the installation pipe 1 is connected to the steel pipe by welding.

[0031] Specifically, in this embodiment, the underground pipeline 2 is a steel pipe, and there are two ways to connect it. Method 1: The fixing plate 1-1 at the bottom of the installation pipe 1 is connected to the steel structure installation member 14 through bolts, and then the steel structure installation member 14 is connected to the steel pipe (such as Figure 6 、 Figure 7 As shown). During the operation, first design and make a steel structure mounting part 14. The structure and size of the mounting part must be compatible with the steel pipe and the fixing plate 1-1 at the bottom end of the mounting pipe 1. Then, use bolts to tightly connect the fixing plate 1-1 at the bottom end of the mounting pipe 1 and the steel structure mounting part 14 together. The pre-tightening force of the bolts ensures a firm connection between the two. Finally, connect the steel structure mounting part 14 to the steel pipe. The connection method can be welding (such as Figure 7 As shown), bolt connection or other suitable connection methods, a pipe clamp can also be set on the outer periphery of the steel pipe to connect the steel structure mounting member 14 to the pipe clamp (as shown Figure 6 As shown). In this way, the installation pipe 1 is indirectly connected to the steel pipe through the steel structure installation part 14 as a whole, providing a stable installation foundation for subsequent deformation monitoring. Method 2: Weld the bottom end of the installation pipe 1 to the steel pipe (as shown). Figure 8(as shown). During operation, the bottom end of the installation pipe 1 is directly welded to the contact area of the steel pipe. During the welding process, the high temperature causes the metal materials of the installation pipe 1 and the steel pipe to melt and fuse together, forming a solid metal connection. After welding, the installation pipe 1 and the steel pipe become a single unit, capable of jointly withstanding various external forces and providing stable installation support for deformation monitoring. In actual operation, method 1 is generally used for connection of existing steel pipes, while method 2 is generally used for connection of steel pipes to be installed.

[0032] In this optional embodiment, method 1 uses a bolted connection, making the installation process relatively simple and convenient, and can be adjusted and disassembled according to actual conditions. If the installation pipe 1 or the monitoring device needs to be maintained or replaced, it is only necessary to loosen the bolts, without the need for large-scale destructive operations on the steel pipe. Moreover, the steel structure mounting member 14 can be customized according to steel pipes of different specifications and shapes, and can adapt to various complex steel pipe structures, thereby improving the applicability of the monitoring method in different engineering scenarios. Method 2, welding, is a high-strength connection method that can form a tight and secure connection between the installation pipe 1 and the steel pipe. The connection is strong and not prone to loosening or falling off, ensuring the long-term stability of the monitoring device. Moreover, the welded connection makes the installation pipe 1 and the steel pipe structurally integrated, reducing the relative displacement caused by the connection points and improving the accuracy and reliability of the monitoring data. At the same time, the well-integrated structure can better coordinate deformation in the face of external environmental changes (such as temperature changes, foundation settlement, etc.), reducing the risk of pipeline rupture and leakage.

[0033] Optionally, in step S2, the pouring of concrete is carried out in layers, with each layer having a thickness of no more than 30 cm, and each layer is vibrated and compacted.

[0034] Specifically, before pouring concrete, determine the pouring thickness of each layer of concrete based on the size of the installation pipe 1 and the surrounding space conditions, ensuring that the thickness of each layer is no more than 30 cm. Use a ruler or other measuring tool to mark around the installation pipe 1 as a reference for the pouring height of each layer. Starting from the bottom of the installation pipe 1, pour concrete layer by layer according to the marked height. During the pouring process, control the flow rate and flow of the concrete to avoid concrete overflow or uneven pouring, and use tools such as catheters to accurately transport the concrete to the designated location. After each layer of concrete pouring is completed, vibrate it immediately with a vibrating device. The vibrating device is an insert vibrator. According to the thickness of the concrete and the vibration requirements, the model and vibration frequency of the vibrator should be reasonably selected. When vibrating, insert the vibrator vertically into the concrete, and the insertion depth should exceed the lower layer of concrete by 5-10 cm to ensure that the upper and lower layers of concrete can be well combined. The moving distance of the vibrator should not be greater than 1.5 times its effective radius to avoid vibration leakage. The vibration time should be appropriate, generally when the concrete surface no longer sinks significantly, no bubbles appear, and mortar appears on the surface. During the vibration process, care should be taken to avoid the vibrator colliding with the installation pipe 1 and the surrounding structures to prevent damage to the installation pipe 1 or affecting its verticality. After each layer of concrete is vibrated and dense, the construction personnel should inspect the concrete surface to observe whether there are defects such as honeycombs, rough surfaces, holes, etc. If defects are found, timely measures should be taken to deal with them, such as repairing with a higher grade of fine stone concrete. Before pouring the next layer of concrete, the quality of the previous layer of concrete should be reconfirmed to ensure that its strength and density meet the requirements. A preliminary judgment can be made through simple tapping tests or rebound hammer tests.

[0035] In this optional embodiment, layered pouring and vibrating compaction can achieve a more uniform distribution of particles within the concrete, reducing porosity and defects, thereby improving the concrete's density and strength. This is crucial for withstanding the weight of the mounting pipe 1 and the monitoring device above it, as well as any external loads. It also ensures that the concrete structure will not fail due to insufficient strength during long-term use, ensuring the stability of the monitoring device. Furthermore, a dense concrete structure has greater integrity and stability, better able to withstand the effects of factors such as ground loads, changing geological conditions, and groundwater level fluctuations. When the underground pipeline 2 deforms, the concrete structure provides a stable support for the mounting pipe 1, reducing monitoring errors caused by inherent problems in the concrete structure and improving the accuracy of monitoring data. Furthermore, pouring a large amount of concrete at once can easily cause cracks due to internal hydration heat accumulation and uneven shrinkage. Layered pouring can effectively reduce the peak hydration heat within the concrete and reduce temperature stress. Furthermore, vibrating each layer can make the concrete shrink more uniform, thereby reducing the risk of cracking. Cracks not only affect the strength and durability of the concrete structure, but can also allow moisture to penetrate, damaging the mounting pipe 1 and the monitoring device.

[0036] Optionally, in step S4, the inner diameter of the concrete hole wall 5 matches the outer diameter of the mounting tube 1, vertical dowels 6 and / or oblique dowels 6 are arranged circumferentially at intervals at the bottom of the concrete hole wall 5 and extend to the depth of the foundation pit, and the top of the concrete hole wall 5 is constructed as a support platform for carrying the cover plate 7.

[0037] Specifically, the inner diameter of the concrete hole wall 5 is carefully designed to match the outer diameter of the mounting tube 1. When the mounting tube 1 is installed, it fits tightly into the concrete hole wall 5, limiting its horizontal displacement and ensuring its stability within the hole wall, thus providing a reliable foundation for the proper operation of the subsequent monitoring device. Vertical and / or diagonal dowel bars 6 are arranged circumferentially at intervals around the bottom of the concrete hole wall 5 and extend deep into the foundation pit. The dowel bars 6 are inserted into the soil deep within the foundation pit, and the friction and adhesion between the dowel bars 6 and the soil connect the concrete hole wall 5 to the foundation pit soil into a single integrated structure. When subjected to external loads (such as soil pressure and ground vehicle loads), the dowel bars 6 transmit and distribute stress, preventing the concrete hole wall 5 from tilting, displacement, or damage, thereby ensuring the stability of the entire structure. The top of the concrete hole wall 5 is constructed as a support platform, which is sufficiently strong and stable to bear the weight of the cover plate 7. The cover plate 7 can protect the internal structure of the concrete hole wall 5 (such as the installation pipe 1, monitoring device, etc.), prevent external debris, personnel, etc. from entering the hole and causing damage thereto, while also ensuring the safety of the construction site.

[0038] In this optional embodiment, the inner diameter of the concrete hole wall 5 matches the outer diameter of the installation tube 1, so that the installation tube 1 is firmly installed, the shaking and displacement of the installation tube 1 in the hole wall are reduced, the installation accuracy and stability of the monitoring device are improved, and it is conducive to obtaining accurate monitoring data. Vertical dowels 6 and / or oblique dowels 6 are arranged at intervals in the bottom ring and extend to the depth of the foundation pit, tightly connecting the concrete hole wall 5 with the foundation pit soil, enhancing the integrity and deformation resistance of the entire structure, and can effectively resist the effects of external loads, reducing the risk of structural damage. The top support platform bearing cover plate 7 provides good protection for the installation tube 1 and the monitoring device inside the concrete hole wall 5, extending the service life of the equipment, and reducing equipment damage and maintenance costs caused by external factors.

[0039] Optionally, in step S5, the sand material is a mixed graded sand and gravel of medium-coarse sand and crushed stone, and the thickness of each layer of layered backfill is 200 mm to 300 mm. During backfilling, the material is evenly placed around the installation pipe 1 and manually vibrated.

[0040] Specifically, the sand material is a mixed graded sand and gravel of medium-coarse sand and crushed stone. The medium-coarse sand can fill the gaps between the crushed stones, and the crushed stone plays a role of skeleton support. This mixed graded sand and gravel can form a relatively dense structure after backfilling, reduce porosity, improve the overall strength and stability of the backfill material, and provide uniform and reliable support for the installation pipe 1. Fine sand can also be used as sand material. The backfill sand material is layered, and the thickness of each layer is controlled at 200 mm to 300 mm. This is because if a single layer of backfill is too thick, it is difficult for the vibration equipment to fully vibrate and compact the sand material, and gaps are likely to remain inside; while layered backfilling with a moderate thickness can ensure that each layer of sand material can achieve a good density under the action of vibration, so that the backfill material and the installation pipe 1 are tightly combined, reducing the displacement or settlement of the installation pipe 1 caused by loose backfill. Evenly discharging material around the installation pipe 1 ensures even distribution of backfill material around the installation pipe 1, avoiding excessive backfill on one side and insufficient backfill on the other, thereby preventing the installation pipe 1 from tilting due to uneven force. Manual vibration can be flexibly operated according to actual site conditions, allowing targeted vibration at different locations to ensure that the sand material is fully dense, remove air and moisture from it, and improve backfill quality.

[0041] In this optional embodiment, the dense structure formed by the mixed graded sand and gravel, as well as the layered backfilling, uniform feeding and manual vibration methods, can provide uniform and stable support for the installation pipe 1, reduce the displacement and settlement of the installation pipe 1 during the backfilling process, ensure the accurate position of the installation pipe 1, and provide a reliable basis for subsequent monitoring work. Layered backfilling and manual vibration can effectively improve the density of the backfill material, reduce porosity and defects, prevent the backfill material from collapsing, settling and other problems during use, and extend the service life of the entire underground structure. In addition, the dense backfill material tightly connects the installation pipe 1 and the surrounding soil into a whole, enhancing the integrity and deformation resistance of the structure, and can better resist the effects of external loads (such as ground vehicle loads, soil pressure, etc.), reducing the risk of structural damage.

[0042] Optionally, in step S7, when there is traffic requirement on the ground, the cover 7 closes the steel structure component 4 and the level mark 3 during the non-monitoring period, and opens the cover 7 to install the target 11 during monitoring; when there is no traffic requirement on the ground, the target 11 is continuously installed on the steel structure component 4 to achieve continuous automatic observation.

[0043] Specifically, when there is traffic on the ground: During non-monitoring periods, the cover 7 encloses the steel structure assembly 4 and the level mark 3. Due to the high level of traffic and frequent vehicular and pedestrian traffic, the cover 7 prevents foreign objects (such as rocks and debris) from striking the steel structure assembly 4 and the level mark 3, preventing damage. It also prevents accidental contact that could cause displacement or damage, thus protecting the integrity and stability of the monitoring device. When monitoring is required, the cover 7 is opened, and the target 11 is installed. Target 11 is a key component for monitoring. Working in conjunction with the monitoring equipment, it can capture data related to the deformation of the underground pipeline 2. Opening the cover 7 and installing the target 11 allows monitoring operations to proceed normally, ensuring the safety of the monitoring device. When there is no traffic on the ground, the target 11 remains installed on the steel structure assembly 4. Without the interference and potential risk of damage from traffic, the target 11 can remain installed, allowing the monitoring equipment to continuously collect data and achieve continuous automatic observation. This allows for a more comprehensive and accurate record of the deformation of the underground pipeline 2, enabling the timely identification of potential safety hazards.

[0044] In this optional embodiment, when there is traffic demand on the ground, the use of the cover plate 7 effectively protects the steel structure assembly 4 and the level mark 3, reduces the risk of equipment damage due to external factors, reduces the cost of equipment maintenance and replacement, and extends the service life of the monitoring device. Moreover, whether the cover plate 7 is opened to install the target 11 during monitoring when there is traffic demand on the ground, or the target 11 is continuously installed to achieve continuous automatic observation when there is no traffic demand on the ground, it can ensure that the monitoring work is carried out under appropriate conditions, avoid the problem of inaccurate monitoring data due to equipment damage or displacement, and improve the reliability and accuracy of the monitoring results.

[0045] Optionally, in step S7, the working base point 8 is set on a stable bedrock, and its three-dimensional displacement is measured by a plane monitoring control network, and its vertical displacement is measured by a level monitoring control network to obtain the absolute displacement of the pipeline to be measured.

[0046] Specifically, stable bedrock has high strength and stability and is less affected by changes in the external environment (such as ground subsidence, geological tectonic movement, etc.). Setting the working base point 8 on stable bedrock can ensure that the position of the working base point 8 itself is relatively fixed, providing a reliable benchmark for subsequent monitoring. The working base point 8 can also be set in a stable soil layer, a dense gravel layer, or a pebble layer, all of which can provide a stable benchmark. When there is a safety monitoring and control network in the area where the working base point 8 is located, surface deformation measurement points can be arranged at the location of the working base point 8. The plane monitoring and control network is a network composed of a series of monitoring points distributed within a specific area. By regularly measuring the relative position relationship between the working base point 8 and each monitoring point in the plane monitoring and control network, the measurement data is used to calculate the horizontal displacement components (X and Y axis directions) and any small vertical displacement components (Z axis direction) of the working base point 8, thereby achieving the three-dimensional displacement calibration of the working base point 8. The leveling monitoring and control network is mainly used to accurately measure elevation changes. Leveling methods are used to regularly measure the elevation difference between working base point 8 and various leveling points in the leveling monitoring and control network. The vertical displacement of working base point 8 is determined based on changes in this elevation difference. The displacement of the pipeline under test is relative to a stable reference. Using the calibrated and stable working base point 8 as the reference, the absolute displacement of the pipeline under test in three-dimensional space can be calculated by measuring the relative position changes between monitoring points on the pipeline under test and working base point 8 and combining this displacement data with the displacement data of working base point 8.

[0047] In this optional embodiment, stable bedrock serves as the support for working base point 8, significantly reducing the impact of inherent instability of working base point 8 on monitoring results. The planar monitoring control network and the leveling monitoring control network calibrate the displacement of working base point 8 from different angles, enabling more accurate determination of the positional changes of working base point 8 and thus improving the accuracy of obtaining the absolute displacement of the pipeline under test. Furthermore, the use of multiple monitoring methods (planar monitoring and leveling) for mutual verification allows for timely detection of errors or anomalies that may occur during measurement, ensuring the reliability of monitoring data, which is crucial for accurately assessing the safety status of the pipeline under test. Furthermore, accurate absolute displacement data allows engineers to more clearly understand the actual deformation of the pipeline under test and determine whether the pipeline is operating safely. Based on this data, engineers can make timely and appropriate decisions, such as implementing reinforcement measures and adjusting operating parameters, to ensure the safety and normal operation of the project.

[0048] Optionally, the visual measuring device 9 is a visual measuring instrument, and the leveling measuring device 10 is a level.

[0049] Specifically, a visual measuring instrument is based on computer vision and image processing technologies. It uses a built-in camera to capture image information of the target (such as a monitoring point on a pipeline or a target 11). During the measurement process, the instrument preprocesses the captured image, including noise reduction and contrast enhancement, to improve image quality. It then uses a specific image recognition algorithm to identify characteristic points or specific markers of the target object. By analyzing the positional changes of these characteristic points or markers in the image, combined with the instrument's optical parameters (such as focal length and pixel size) and a pre-set measurement benchmark, it calculates the target object's position, size, displacement, and other parameters in space. A level is an instrument that measures the height difference between two points by utilizing the fact that the sighting axis is horizontal when the bubble in the vial is centered. During measurement, the level is placed between two points and the telescope is aimed at the level rod. The level rod has a precise scale. When the bubble in the vial is centered, the sighting axis of the telescope is horizontal, and the reading on the level rod is taken. By taking multiple measurements at different locations, the elevation of the point to be measured can be calculated based on the elevation of the known point using the elevation difference calculation formula (elevation difference = backsight reading - foresight reading), and the vertical displacement change between the two points can be obtained.

[0050] In this optional embodiment, the visual measuring instrument utilizes a high-resolution camera and advanced image processing algorithms, enabling precise identification of target features and high-precision position and displacement measurements. The level, through extensive development and improvement, boasts high measurement accuracy and can accurately measure the height difference between two points. Combined, these two instruments provide highly accurate data for pipeline monitoring in different dimensions (horizontally and vertically), helping to more accurately assess pipeline deformation.

[0051] Although the present invention is disclosed as above, the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Those skilled in the art may make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and these changes and modifications will fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for monitoring deformation of underground pipelines, characterized in that: The steps include: Connecting the bottom end of the installation pipe (1) to a predetermined measuring point position of the underground pipeline (2) to be monitored; Pouring concrete into the installation pipe (1) to a set elevation and vibrating it to compact it, and adjusting the verticality of the installation pipe (1); A level mark (3) is set on the top surface of the concrete, and a fixed steel structure component (4) is buried; A concrete hole wall (5) is poured around the top of the installation pipe (1), and a circumferential dowel bar (6) extending to the depth of the foundation pit is provided at the bottom of the concrete hole wall (5); Backfilling sand material in layers around the installation pipe (1) and the concrete hole wall (5) to the ground surface, and correcting the verticality of the installation pipe (1) in real time during the backfilling process; A cover plate (7) is installed on the upper end of the concrete hole wall (5), and the upper surface of the cover plate (7) is flush with the ground surface; A target (11) is installed at the steel structure component (4), and deformation monitoring is performed based on the target (11).

2. The underground pipeline deformation monitoring method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The target (11) is installed at the steel structure component (4), and deformation monitoring based on the target (11) includes: Setting a working base point (8), a visual measuring device (9) and a leveling measuring device (10) at a location far away from the underground pipeline (2) to be monitored; Opening the cover plate (7) and installing the target (11) on the steel structure component (4); Acquiring horizontal displacement data and first vertical displacement data of the target (11) through the visual measurement device (9); Acquiring second vertical displacement data of the level mark (3) through the leveling measurement device (10); The visual measurement device (9) and the leveling measurement device (10) perform vertical displacement measurement synchronously, and the first vertical displacement data and the second vertical displacement data are used for mutual verification to improve monitoring accuracy.

3. The underground pipeline deformation monitoring method according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the underground pipeline (2) is an existing concrete pipe, the connection method between the bottom end of the installation pipe (1) and the existing concrete pipe includes: A steel structure chassis (12) is arranged above the existing concrete pipe, and a fixing plate (1-1) at the bottom end of the installation pipe (1) is connected to the steel structure chassis (12) via an extension bolt (13), one end of the extension bolt (13) being inserted into the existing concrete pipe.

4. The underground pipeline deformation monitoring method according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the underground pipeline (2) is a concrete pipe to be built, the connection method between the bottom end of the installation pipe (1) and the concrete pipe to be built includes: When pouring the concrete pipe to be built, the fixing plate (1-1) at the bottom end of the installation pipe (1) is welded and fixed to the steel bars in the concrete pipe to be built.

5. The underground pipeline deformation monitoring method according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the underground pipeline (2) is a steel pipe, the connection method between the bottom end of the installation pipe (1) and the steel pipe includes: Connecting the fixing plate (1-1) at the bottom end of the mounting tube (1) to the steel structure mounting member (14) via bolts, and then connecting the steel structure mounting member (14) to the steel tube; Alternatively, the bottom end of the installation pipe (1) is connected to the steel pipe by welding.

6. The underground pipeline deformation monitoring method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pouring of concrete into the installation pipe (1) to a set elevation and vibrating and compacting the concrete comprises: The pouring of the concrete is carried out in layers, with each layer being no thicker than 30 cm, and each layer is vibrated and compacted.

7. The underground pipeline deformation monitoring method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner diameter of the concrete hole wall (5) matches the outer diameter of the installation pipe (1); vertical dowel bars (6) and / or oblique dowel bars (6) are arranged at intervals in an annular direction at the bottom of the concrete hole wall (5) and extend to the depth of the foundation pit; the top of the concrete hole wall (5) is constructed as a support platform for carrying a cover plate (7).

8. The underground pipeline deformation monitoring method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sand material is a mixed graded sand and gravel of medium-coarse sand and crushed stone. The thickness of each layer of layered backfill is 200 mm to 300 mm. When backfilling, the material is evenly placed around the installation pipe (1) and vibrated.

9. The underground pipeline deformation monitoring method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The step of installing a target (11) at the steel structure component (4) and performing deformation monitoring based on the target (11) further includes: When there is a traffic requirement on the ground, the cover plate (7) closes the steel structure component (4) and the level mark (3) during the non-monitoring period, and opens the cover plate (7) to install the target (11) during monitoring; when there is no traffic requirement on the ground, the target (11) is continuously installed on the steel structure component (4) to achieve continuous automatic observation.

10. The underground pipeline deformation monitoring method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The working base point (8) is set on a stable bedrock, and its three-dimensional displacement is measured by a plane monitoring control network, and its vertical displacement is measured by a level monitoring control network to obtain the absolute displacement of the pipeline to be measured.

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