Design method for indoor thermal compensation of waiting hall of railway station building in alpine region

Abstract

The invention discloses a design method for indoor thermal compensation of a waiting hall of a railway station building in an alpine region. At present, an air source heat pump system or a floor heating system is mainly adopted by a small railway station building waiting hall in an alpine region to heat the waiting hall. The method comprises the following steps: (1) structural design and heat dissipating capacity calculation of a solar heat collection space of a service station building; (2) carrying out matching calculation on the area of the thermal load space and the area of the solar heat collection space of the railway service station; and (3) carrying out structure design and ventilation quantity calculation on the ventilation pipeline of the railway service station. The hot air compensation system is used for directly providing heat for the interior of a room in winter, energy saving of a building is achieved, on one hand, the problem that water pipelines are broken is avoided, and on the other hand, the utilization efficiency of solar energy in the daytime can be improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of indoor thermal engineering technology of building construction, and particularly relates to a design method for indoor thermal compensation of a waiting hall of a railway station in a high-altitude cold region. Background Art

[0002] Small railway station waiting halls in cold and high-altitude areas currently rely on air-source heat pumps or floor heating systems for heating. These systems are relatively energy-intensive, technically complex, and fail to fully utilize the abundant daytime solar energy to compensate for indoor heat. Traditionally, local solar energy utilization primarily involves converting solar energy into hot water, which is then used to heat the floor. The main problem with this approach is that solar water heating systems are prone to ruptures at the water supply pipe joints in areas with large daytime and nighttime temperature swings. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In order to make up for the shortcomings of the existing technology, the present invention provides a design method for indoor heat compensation in the waiting hall of a railway station in a high-altitude cold area. On the one hand, it avoids the problem of water pipe rupture, and on the other hand, it can improve the utilization efficiency of solar energy during the day.

[0004] In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0005] A design method for indoor heat compensation in a waiting hall of a railway station in a cold region is characterized by:

[0006] It includes (1) the structural design of the solar heat collection space of the service station building and the calculation of heat dissipation; (2) the matching calculation of the heat load space and the solar heat collection space area of the railway service station; and (3) the structural design of the ventilation duct of the railway service station and the calculation of ventilation volume.

[0007] Furthermore, the structural design of the solar heat collection space of the (1) service station building is specifically as follows:

[0008] For typical flat-roof site buildings, the solar thermal collection space is arranged on the roof of the building;

[0009] It includes a solar thermal collector, which includes a box shell, an insulation layer is provided on the inner wall of the box shell; an acrylic cover is provided on the top of the box shell, and a heat-collecting copper sheet is provided under the acrylic cover; air ducts are provided at both ends of the box shell; a bracket is provided under the heat-collecting copper sheet; the solar thermal collectors are arranged in multiple rows and columns, and adjacent solar thermal collectors are connected through heat exchange pipes.

[0010] Furthermore, the heat dissipation calculation of the solar heat collection space of the service site building (1) is specifically as follows:

[0011] The thermal efficiency η of the known collector集 , the total solar radiation energy Q received by the collector can be obtained 太 ; Then according to Q 太 , calculate the total collecting area A required by the collector c , the formula is as follows:

[0012]

[0013] Where:

[0014] η 集 ——The average efficiency of the collector is 0.4-0.5;

[0015] Q 太 ——Total solar radiation energy received by the collector, W;

[0016] Q 空 ——Total useful heat released by solar air collector, W;

[0017] I θ ——Total solar radiation intensity, w / m 2 (Can be obtained through fluent software query);

[0018] A C ——The area of the transparent cover of the collector that receives solar radiation per unit time, m 2 .

[0019] Furthermore, the calculation of the matching between the heat load space of the railway service station and the solar heat collection space area is specifically as follows:

[0020] ① The heating building heat load Qj is determined by the outdoor meteorological conditions and the thermal conditions of the building envelope. It can be estimated using the total heating building area and its heating load index, as shown in the following formula:

[0021] Q j =FQ h H(3)

[0022] Where:

[0023] F——total building area for heating, m 2 ;

[0024] Q h ——Heating load index W / m 2 ;

[0025] H——heating time, h;

[0026] ② Heating load index Q h Compared with the local civil energy-saving building heat consumption index Q h 'There is a certain corresponding relationship in quantity, which can be expressed by the following formula:

[0027]

[0028] (4) Where:

[0029] Q h '——Heat consumption index of local civil energy-saving buildings, W / m 2 ;

[0030] T nj ——Indoor heating calculation temperature, ℃;

[0031] T n ——Indoor design temperature, °C;

[0032] T wj ——Calculated outdoor temperature for heating, ℃;

[0033] T w ——Average outdoor temperature, ℃.

[0034] Furthermore, the structural design of the ventilation duct at the railway service station (3) is specifically as follows:

[0035] The heat exchange pipe also includes an air inlet pipe and an air outlet pipe;

[0036] Two air inlet louvers and two air outlet louvers are installed on the air inlet and air outlet sides of the bottom of the railway station building respectively;

[0037] The air inlet louvers are connected to the air duct on the top air inlet side through the air inlet duct;

[0038] The air outlet louver is connected to the air duct on the top air outlet side through the air outlet duct;

[0039] A fan is provided in the air outlet duct, and an air inlet fan is provided in the air inlet duct;

[0040] One-way check valves are provided in the air inlet duct and the air outlet duct.

[0041] Furthermore, the ventilation volume calculation of the ventilation duct of the railway service station (3) is specifically as follows:

[0042] ① Solve the ventilation volume V of the heat exchange process 空 ;

[0043] ②The power of the fan.

[0044] Furthermore, the above ① solves the ventilation volume V of the heat exchange process 空 Specifically:

[0045] The heat absorption Q of the solar air collector is known 空 , the ventilation volume V of the heat transfer process can be obtained 空 :

[0046]

[0047] (5)(6) Where:

[0048] Q 空 ——The heat released by the air collector, W;

[0049] V 空 ——Ventilation volume during heat exchange process, m 3 ;

[0050] C 空 ——Specific heat capacity of air, J / kg·℃; value is 1.0×10 3 ;

[0051] ρ 空 ——density of air, kg / m 3 , the value is 1.29;

[0052] T out ——The average temperature of the air after being heated by the solar collector, °C;

[0053] T 常温 ——The average temperature of the air before being heated by the solar collector, which can also be expressed as room temperature, °C; V 空——— Ventilation volume during heat exchange, m 3 .

[0054] Furthermore, the power of the fan ② is specifically:

[0055] The air volume data of a single duct can be obtained from the wind speed calculation formula:

[0056]

[0057] (7) Where:

[0058] V 单 ——The wind speed in a single stainless steel pipe is m / s, with a value of 2-3;

[0059] Q 单 ——The air volume of a single pipe refers to the amount of air sucked in or blown out by the fan per unit time, m 3 / h;

[0060] S 单 ——Inlet and outlet area of a single pipe, m 2 ;

[0061] According to the air volume Q of the main line 总 Equal to the air volume Q of each branch 单 Adding them together, we can get the total air flow from the collector outlet to the heat exchange pipe inlet:

[0062] Q总 =nQ 单 (8)

[0063] (8) Where:

[0064] Q 总 ——air volume of main pipeline, m 3 / h;

[0065] n——number of heat pipes.

[0066] Furthermore, the fan is installed inside the heat exchange pipe, and a power supply for the fan is reserved outside. The fan is fixed to the surrounding structure through a self-fixing bracket.

[0067] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0068] 1) The present invention utilizes a hot air compensation system to directly provide heat to the interior in winter, thereby achieving energy conservation in the building. This not only avoids the problem of water pipe rupture, but also improves the efficiency of solar energy utilization during the day.

[0069] 2) The present invention uses a modular design to coordinate the impact of unstable temperature changes in the room caused by changes in solar radiation intensity at different times; by exploring the calculation method of different factors of the system, a design and operation basis is provided for the stable operation of the system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0070] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0071] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the solar collector structure;

[0072] Figure 3 This is a working principle diagram of the present invention;

[0073] In the figure, 1-solar collector, 101-acrylic cover, 102-heat collecting copper sheet, 103-air duct, 104-bracket, 105-insulation layer, 106-box shell, 2-heat exchange pipe, 3-support structure, 4-air inlet louver, 5-one-way check valve, 6-air outlet louver, 7-fan. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0074] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0075] The present invention provides a design method for indoor heat compensation of a waiting hall of a railway station in a high-altitude cold region. This embodiment takes Lhasa, Tibet as an example, and includes (1) structural design of a solar heat collection space of a service station building and calculation of heat dissipation; (2) matching calculation of the heat load space and the area of the solar heat collection space of the railway service station; and (3) structural design of ventilation ducts of the railway service station and calculation of ventilation volume.

[0076] (1) The structural design of the solar thermal collection space of the service station building is as follows:

[0077] For typical flat-roof site buildings, the solar thermal collection space is arranged on the roof of the building;

[0078] like Figure 1 、 2 As shown, the solar thermal collector 1 comprises a housing 106 with an insulation layer 105 on its inner wall. An acrylic cover 101 is installed on the top of the housing 106, beneath which a heat-collecting copper sheet 102 is located. Air ducts 103 are installed at each end of the housing 106, and brackets 104 are installed beneath the heat-collecting copper sheet 102. The solar thermal collectors 1 are arranged in multiple rows and columns, with adjacent solar thermal collectors 1 connected by heat exchange pipes 2. The collector boundary is at least 1 meter from the parapet to facilitate the installation of the exhaust pipe later. The solar thermal collectors are installed on a wooden frame structure on the finished roof of the building, at a height of 0.2 meters from the roof.

[0079] A supporting structure 3 is provided under the solar collector 1. The supporting structure is mainly used for fixing the overall roof device and keeping the roof hydrophobic. The supporting structure is tangent to the parapet to form a horizontal fixing effect. The bottom of each solar collector box and the two brackets have no less than six fixing points. The solar collector and the supporting structure are connected by the bracket. There are no less than four fixing points between each box and the supporting structure. The ventilation duct maintains no less than one fixing point per 1m between the ventilation duct and the supporting structure to maintain the overall stability of the device.

[0080] The heat dissipation calculation of the solar thermal space in the service site building is as follows:

[0081] The total heat released by the solar air collector can be obtained by calculating the results of formula (3) and (4): 空 , the thermal efficiency η of the known collector 集 , the total solar radiation energy Q received by the collector can be obtained 太 ; Then according to Q 太 , calculate the total collecting area A required by the collector c , the formula is as follows:

[0082]

[0083] (2) Where:

[0084] η 集 ——The average efficiency of the collector is 0.4-0.5;

[0085] Q 太 ——Total solar radiation energy received by the collector, W;

[0086] Q 空 ——Total useful heat released by solar air collector, W;

[0087] I θ ——Total solar radiation intensity, w / m 2 (Can be obtained through fluent software query);

[0088] A C ——The area of the transparent cover of the collector that receives solar radiation per unit time, m 2 ;

[0089] The size of the solar collector can be determined based on the calculation results of formula (2). First, a 5cm thick insulation board with a fireproof rating of no less than Class B is attached to the enclosure interface of the first and second layers of the sunken space to isolate the heat exchange between the high-temperature air and the surrounding walls. Next, the brackets for fixing the copper plates are installed. The spacing between the brackets is determined according to the size of the copper plates, ensuring that the copper plates can cover the brackets and each copper plate has no fewer than four fixing points. The copper plate size is 30cm*30cm, and the support structure height is 0.6cm.

[0090] (2) The matching calculation of the heat load space and solar heat collection space area of the railway service station is as follows:

[0091] ① The heating building heat load Qj is determined by the outdoor meteorological conditions and the thermal conditions of the building envelope. It can be estimated using the total heating building area and its heating load index, or it can be simulated using the DEST software, as shown in the following formula:

[0092] Q j =FQ h H(3)

[0093] Where:

[0094] F——total building area for heating, m 2 , the value is 1210;

[0095] Q h ——Heating load index W / m 2 (Lhasa, Tibet);

[0096] H——heating time, h;

[0097] ② Heating load index Q h Compared with the local civil energy-saving building heat consumption index Q h 'There is a certain corresponding relationship in quantity, which can be expressed by the following formula:

[0098]

[0099] (4) Where:

[0100] Q h '——Heat consumption index of local civil energy-saving buildings, W / m 2 , the value for Lhasa area is 60;

[0101] T nj ——Indoor heating calculation temperature, ℃, value is 18;

[0102] T n ——Indoor design temperature, ℃, value is 16;

[0103] T wj ——Calculated outdoor temperature for heating, ℃, -6 (Lhasa, Tibet);

[0104] T w ——Average outdoor temperature, ℃ (the query data will vary depending on the month).

[0105] (3) The structural design of the ventilation duct at the railway service station is as follows:

[0106] The heat exchange pipe 2 also includes an air inlet duct 304 and an air outlet duct 308. Two air inlet louvers 4 and two air outlet louvers 6 are respectively arranged on the air inlet side and the air outlet side of the bottom of the railway station building; the air inlet louver 4 is connected to the air duct 103 on the top air inlet side through the air inlet duct 304; the air outlet louver 6 is connected to the air duct 103 on the top air outlet side through the air outlet duct 308; a fan 7 is arranged in the air outlet duct 308, and an air inlet fan 308 is arranged in the air inlet duct 304; a one-way check valve 5 is arranged in the air inlet duct and the air outlet duct.

[0107] (3) The ventilation volume calculation of the ventilation duct at the railway service station is as follows:

[0108] ① Solve the ventilation volume V of the heat exchange process 空 Specifically:

[0109] The heat absorption Q of the solar air collector is known 空 , the ventilation volume V of the heat transfer process can be obtained 空 :

[0110]

[0111] (5)(6) Where:

[0112] Q 空 ——The heat released by the air collector, W;

[0113] V 空 ——Ventilation volume during heat exchange process, m 3 ;

[0114] C 空——Specific heat capacity of air, J / kg·℃; value is 1.0×10 3 ;

[0115] ρ 空 ——density of air, kg / m 3 , the value is 1.29;

[0116] T out ——The average temperature of the air after being heated by the solar collector, °C;

[0117] T 常温 ——The average temperature of the air before being heated by the solar collector, which can also be expressed as room temperature, °C;

[0118] V 空——— Ventilation volume during heat exchange, m 3 .

[0119] ②The specific power of the fan is:

[0120] The air volume data of a single duct can be obtained from the wind speed calculation formula:

[0121]

[0122] (7) Where:

[0123] V 单 ——The wind speed in a single stainless steel pipe is m / s, with a value of 2-3;

[0124] Q 单 ——The air volume of a single pipe refers to the amount of air sucked in or blown out by the fan per unit time, m 3 / h;

[0125] S 单 ——Inlet and outlet area of a single pipe, m 2 ;

[0126] According to the air volume Q of the main line 总 Equal to the air volume Q of each branch 单 Adding them together, we can get the total air flow from the collector outlet to the heat exchange pipe inlet:

[0127] Q 总 =nQ 单 (8)

[0128] (8) Where:

[0129] Q 总 ——air volume of main pipeline, m 3 / h;

[0130] n——number of heat pipes.

[0131] The fan power can be determined by looking up the fan air volume and power comparison table. The fan is installed inside the heat exchange duct, and a fan power supply is reserved outside. The fan is fixed to the surrounding structure with a self-fixing bracket.

[0132] The working principle of the present invention is as follows:

[0133] The present invention collects the daytime solar energy in the high-altitude cold region of Tibet into the solar thermal collector, heats the box gas, and provides hot air for the indoor space of the service station through the circulating air exchange system. Figure 3 As shown, the heat-collecting copper sheet 102 absorbs solar energy and heats the air inside the solar thermal collector 1; the fan 7 guides the hot air in the collector into the air outlet duct, and then enters the room through the air outlet louver 6 to achieve indoor heating; the air after heat exchange enters the air inlet duct through the air inlet louver 4, is sent back to the solar thermal collector for heating, and enters the next cycle process.

[0134] The content of the present invention is not limited to the embodiments listed. Any equivalent transformation of the technical solution of the present invention made by ordinary technicians in this field after reading the description of the present invention is covered by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A design method for indoor thermal compensation in a railway station waiting hall in a cold region, characterized by: It includes (1) the structural design of the solar heat collection space of the service station building and the calculation of heat dissipation; (2) the matching calculation of the heat load space and the solar heat collection space area of the railway service station; and (3) the structural design of the ventilation duct of the railway service station and the calculation of ventilation volume.

2. The design method for indoor thermal compensation of a railway station waiting hall in a cold region according to claim 1 is characterized by: The structural design of the solar heat collection space of the (1) service station building is specifically as follows: For typical flat-roof site buildings, the solar thermal collection space is arranged on the roof of the building; The invention comprises a solar thermal collector (1), wherein the solar thermal collector (1) comprises a box shell (106), an inner wall of the box shell (106) is provided with a heat-insulating layer (105); an acrylic cover plate (101) is provided on the top of the box shell (106), and a heat-collecting copper sheet (102) is provided below the acrylic cover plate (101); air ducts (103) are provided at both ends of the box shell (106); a bracket (104) is provided below the heat-collecting copper sheet (102); the solar thermal collectors (1) are arranged in multiple rows and columns, and adjacent solar thermal collectors (1) are connected through heat exchange pipes (2).

3. The design method for indoor thermal compensation of a railway station waiting hall in a high-altitude cold region according to claim 2 is characterized by: The calculation of the heat dissipation of the solar heat collection space of the service site building (1) is specifically as follows: The thermal efficiency η of the known collector 集 , the total solar radiation energy Q received by the collector can be obtained 太 ; Then according to Q 太 , calculate the total collecting area A required by the collector c , the formula is as follows: Where: η 集 ——The average efficiency of the collector is 0.4-0.5; Q 太 ——Total solar radiation energy received by the collector, W; Q 空 ——Total useful heat released by solar air collector, W; I θ ——Total solar radiation intensity, w / m 2 (Can be obtained through fluent software query); A C ——The area of the transparent cover of the collector that receives solar radiation per unit time, m 2 .

4. The design method for indoor thermal compensation of a railway station waiting hall in a cold region according to claim 3 is characterized by: The calculation of the matching between the heat load space of the railway service station and the solar heat collection space area is specifically as follows: ① The heating building heat load Qj is determined by the outdoor meteorological conditions and the thermal conditions of the building envelope. It can be estimated using the total heating building area and its heating load index, as shown in the following formula: Q j =FQ h H(3) Where: F——total building area for heating, m 2 ; Q h ——Heating load index W / m 2 ; H——heating time, h; ② Heating load index Q h Compared with the local civil energy-saving building heat consumption index Q h 'There is a certain corresponding relationship in quantity, which can be expressed by the following formula: (4) Where: Q h '——Heat consumption index of local civil energy-saving buildings, W / m 2 ; T nj ——Indoor heating calculation temperature, ℃; T n ——Indoor design temperature, °C; T wj ——Calculated outdoor temperature for heating, ℃; T w ——Average outdoor temperature, ℃.

5. The design method for indoor thermal compensation of a railway station waiting hall in a cold region according to claim 4 is characterized by: The structural design of the ventilation duct at the railway service station (3) is specifically as follows: The heat exchange pipe (2) further includes an air inlet pipe (304) and an air outlet pipe (308); Two air inlet louvers (4) and two air outlet louvers (6) are respectively provided on the air inlet side and the air outlet side of the bottom of the railway station building; The air inlet louver (4) is connected to the air duct (103) on the top air inlet side through the air inlet duct (304); The air outlet louver (6) is connected to the air duct (103) on the top air outlet side through the air outlet duct (308); A fan (7) is provided in the air outlet duct (308), and an air inlet fan (308) is provided in the air inlet duct (304); One-way check valves (5) are provided in the air inlet duct and the air outlet duct.

6. The design method for indoor thermal compensation of a railway station waiting hall in a cold region according to claim 5 is characterized by: The ventilation volume calculation of the ventilation duct of the railway service station (3) is specifically as follows: ① Solve the ventilation volume V of the heat exchange process 空 ; ②The power of the fan.

7. The design method for indoor thermal compensation of a railway station waiting hall in a cold region according to claim 6 is characterized by: ① Solve the ventilation volume V of the heat exchange process 空 Specifically: The heat absorption Q of the solar air collector is known 空 , the ventilation volume V of the heat transfer process can be obtained 空 : (5)(6) Where: Q 空 ——The heat released by the air collector, W; V 空 ——Ventilation volume during heat exchange process, m 3 ; C 空 ——Specific heat capacity of air, J / kg·℃; value is 1.0×10 3 ; ρ 空 ——density of air, kg / m 3 , the value is 1.29; T out ——The average temperature of the air after being heated by the solar collector, °C; T 常温 ——The average temperature of the air before being heated by the solar collector, which can also be expressed as room temperature, °C; V 空——— Ventilation volume during heat exchange, m 3 .

8. The design method for indoor thermal compensation of a railway station waiting hall in a cold region according to claim 7 is characterized by: The power of the fan ② is specifically: The air volume data of a single duct can be obtained from the wind speed calculation formula: (7) Where: V 单 ——The wind speed in a single stainless steel pipe is m / s, with a value of 2-3; Q 单 ——The air volume of a single pipe refers to the amount of air inhaled or blown out by the fan per unit time, m 3 / h; S 单 ——Inlet and outlet area of a single pipe, m 2 ; According to the air volume Q of the main line 总 Equal to the air volume Q of each branch 单 Adding them together, we can get the total air flow from the collector outlet to the heat exchange pipe inlet: Q 总 =nQ 单 (8) (8) Where: Q 总 ——air volume of main pipeline, m 3 / h; n——number of heat pipes.

9. The design method for indoor thermal compensation of a railway station waiting hall in a cold region according to claim 8, characterized in that: The fan is installed inside the heat exchange pipe, and the fan power supply is reserved outside. The fan is fixed to the surrounding structure through a self-fixing bracket.

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