Open cut tunnel expansion joint design method, system and equipment and readable storage medium

Abstract

The invention provides an open cut tunnel expansion joint design method, system and device and a readable storage medium, and relates to the technical field of open cut tunnel expansion joint design, and the method comprises the steps: obtaining historical environment data of a target open cut tunnel area; establishing a finite element model according to an open cut tunnel structure and design parameters, wherein the design parameters comprise the distance and the width of expansion joints of the open cut tunnel; establishing an environment temperature field according to the historical environment data, wherein the environment temperature field comprises a steady-state temperature distribution field and a transient temperature distribution field; temperature-structure coupling simulation analysis is conducted through the environment temperature field and the finite element model, simulation results are obtained, and the simulation results comprise the thermal deformation result, thermal stress distribution and the total expansion and contraction amount of the open cut tunnel structure; and optimizing the design parameters according to the simulation result to obtain optimal design parameters. The method solves the problem that the existing open cut tunnel expansion joint design does not fully consider the coupling relationship between the regional climate characteristics and the structural response.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of open hole expansion joint design, and in particular to an open hole expansion joint design method, system, device and readable storage medium. Background Art

[0002] Open-cut tunnels, a common structural form at the entrance and exit of mountain tunnels, are typically located in fill or semi-fill, semi-excavated areas, serving as a transitional link between the main tunnel structure and the surface environment. Because the upper portion of an open-cut tunnel is directly exposed to the elements, its structure is significantly affected by temperature fluctuations. This is particularly true during seasonal shifts or in areas with significant day-night temperature swings. Thermal expansion and contraction can be significant, easily leading to thermal deformation and additional stress, which in turn can affect the overall stability and service life of the structure. To mitigate this structural deformation, expansion joints are often incorporated into open-cut tunnel structures to relieve internal stress.

[0003] However, current design methods mostly rely on code recommendations or empirical formulas to set the spacing and width of expansion joints, failing to fully consider comprehensive factors such as the climate characteristics, structural form, and material properties of the area where the Myeongdong is located.

[0004] Therefore, it is urgent to establish a refined design method for expansion joints that can fully integrate environmental characteristics and structural response mechanisms, provide a scientific and reasonable parameter configuration basis for open-cut structures in different areas, and improve the adaptability, safety and durability of the structures. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method, system, device and readable storage medium for designing open hole expansion joints to improve the above-mentioned problems. To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the technical solutions adopted by the present invention are as follows:

[0006] In a first aspect, the present application provides a method for designing an open hole expansion joint, comprising:

[0007] Obtain historical environmental data of the target Myeongdong area;

[0008] Establishing a finite element model based on the open-cut structure and design parameters, wherein the design parameters include the spacing and width of the open-cut expansion joints;

[0009] Establishing an ambient temperature field based on historical environmental data, wherein the ambient temperature field includes a steady-state temperature distribution field and a transient temperature distribution field;

[0010] Performing temperature-structure coupling simulation analysis using an ambient temperature field and a finite element model to obtain simulation results, including thermal deformation results, thermal stress distribution, and total expansion and contraction of the open-cut structure;

[0011] The design parameters are optimized according to the simulation results to obtain the optimal design parameters.

[0012] In a second aspect, the present application also provides a system for designing open hole expansion joints, comprising:

[0013] Acquisition module, which acquires historical environmental data of the target bright hole area;

[0014] A first construction module is used to establish a finite element model based on the open hole structure and design parameters, wherein the design parameters include the spacing and width of the open hole expansion joints;

[0015] A second building module is used to establish an ambient temperature field based on historical environmental data, wherein the ambient temperature field includes a steady-state temperature distribution field and a transient temperature distribution field;

[0016] A simulation module is used to perform temperature-structure coupling simulation analysis using an ambient temperature field and a finite element model to obtain simulation results, including thermal deformation results, thermal stress distribution, and total expansion and contraction of the open-cut structure;

[0017] The optimization module is used to optimize the design parameters according to the simulation results to obtain the optimal design parameters.

[0018] In a third aspect, the present application further provides a device for designing open hole expansion joints, comprising:

[0019] memory for storing computer programs;

[0020] A processor is used to implement the steps of the open hole expansion joint design method when executing the computer program.

[0021] In a fourth aspect, the present application further provides a readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps of the above-mentioned open hole expansion joint design method are implemented.

[0022] The beneficial effects of this invention include: by coupling the ambient temperature field with a finite element model, it accurately simulates the thermal deformation and thermal stress of open-cut structures under steady-state and transient temperatures, achieving scientific optimization of expansion joint spacing and width, effectively preventing concrete cracking and expansion joint failure, and improving structural durability. Furthermore, the invention uses an intelligent optimization algorithm to automatically determine optimal parameters, significantly reducing manual trial and error and improving design efficiency. Its parametric modeling can adapt to different climates and geological conditions, providing a standardized solution for similar projects that combines cost-effectiveness and reliability.

[0023] Other features and advantages of the present invention will be described in the following description, and in part will become apparent from the description, or understood by practicing the embodiments of the present invention. The purposes and other advantages of the present invention can be realized and obtained by the structures particularly pointed out in the written description, claims, and drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments. It should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate certain embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be regarded as limiting the scope. For ordinary technicians in this field, other relevant drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0025] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the process of designing an open hole expansion joint according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of an open hole expansion joint device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the open hole expansion joint design equipment described in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0028] Markings in the figure: 800, open hole expansion joint design equipment; 801, processor; 802, memory; 803, multimedia component; 804, I / O interface; 805, communication component. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present invention generally described and shown in the drawings herein can be arranged and designed in various different configurations. Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely represents selected embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0030] It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters represent similar items in the following drawings. Therefore, once an item is defined in one drawing, it does not need to be further defined or explained in subsequent drawings. At the same time, in the description of the present invention, the terms "first", "second", etc. are used only to distinguish the description and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0031] Example 1:

[0032] This embodiment provides a method for designing open hole expansion joints.

[0033] See also Figure 1, the figure shows that the method includes step S100, step S200, step S300, step S400 and step S500.

[0034] Step S100: Acquire historical environmental data of the target open hole area;

[0035] In this embodiment, the geographical coordinates and altitude information of the open hole structure are obtained, and then the historical environmental data of the target open hole area are obtained through the National Meteorological Administration, local observation stations, satellite remote sensing data, etc., including annual average temperature, maximum temperature, minimum temperature, day and night temperature difference, annual extreme temperature difference, humidity and other data.

[0036] Step S200: establishing a finite element model based on the open-cut structure and design parameters, wherein the design parameters include the spacing and width of the open-cut expansion joints;

[0037] The step S200 includes:

[0038] Step S210: obtaining geometric parameters of the open hole structure, and setting the initial spacing and initial width of the open hole expansion joints according to the design parameters;

[0039] In this embodiment, the geometric parameters of the open hole structure include cross-sectional shape (such as rectangular, horseshoe-shaped), width, height, thickness, hole length, etc., and the initial spacing and initial width of the expansion joints are set based on engineering experience.

[0040] Step S220: establishing a geometric model according to the geometric parameters, the initial spacing, and the initial slit width;

[0041] In this embodiment, the arrangement of the expansion joints is reflected in the geometric model, and the expansion joints are usually represented as geometric boundaries or solid sections to restore the actual physical structure of the open-cut structure.

[0042] Step S230: Divide the geometric model into regions according to the open hole structure to obtain multiple structural regions;

[0043] In this embodiment, the geometric model is divided into regions to obtain the top plate, side wall, bottom plate, arch foot area, expansion joint area, etc. Each structural area can be regarded as a subdomain with consistent materials and boundary conditions.

[0044] Step S240: setting boundary conditions for each structural region and performing grid division on each structural region;

[0045] In this embodiment, a custom mesh strategy is used during meshing to ensure that the mesh density of key locations (such as expansion joints and vault connections) is high, thereby ensuring that the subsequent mechanical solutions are correct.

[0046] Step S250: assigning corresponding material properties to each structural region according to the structural characteristics of the structural region to obtain a finite element model of the open hole structure.

[0047] In this embodiment, the material properties include multiple material parameters, such as elastic modulus, Poisson's ratio, density, thermal conductivity, specific heat capacity, and linear expansion coefficient.

[0048] Step S300: establishing an ambient temperature field according to historical environmental data, wherein the ambient temperature field includes a steady-state temperature distribution field and a transient temperature distribution field;

[0049] The step S300 includes:

[0050] Step S310: Acquire historical environmental data of the target open hole area;

[0051] Step S320: Analyze historical environmental data to obtain representative operating conditions, including the highest temperature at noon in summer, the lowest temperature at night in winter, and hourly temperature changes of a representative day;

[0052] In this embodiment, the highest temperature at noon in summer can be used to simulate the thermal expansion limit, the lowest temperature at night in winter can be used to simulate the thermal contraction limit, and the hourly temperature changes of a representative day can be used to simulate the periodic deformation caused by the day and night temperature difference.

[0053] Step S330: obtaining the structural area of the open hole cross section according to the finite element model;

[0054] In this embodiment, the structural area is divided into parts such as a top plate, side walls, and a bottom plate.

[0055] Step S340: setting thermal parameters and thermal boundary conditions for each structural region of the open hole cross section to obtain a two-dimensional thermal model of the open hole cross section;

[0056] In this embodiment, in actual engineering, considering the balance between accuracy, data availability and simulation efficiency, for open-hole structures, especially in desert areas with significant temperature differences between day and night, a two-dimensional temperature distribution model is the most appropriate method for establishing the temperature field, taking into account both the heat conduction depth and surface differences.

[0057] At the same time, when setting thermal parameters, including thermal conductivity, density, specific heat capacity, etc., the thermal boundary conditions include the top plate, side walls, bottom plate and internal air contact surface, among which the top plate and side walls are exposed to the external environment and are affected by external temperature changes. The third type of boundary conditions are usually used to simulate the heat exchange with the outside air. The bottom plate is in contact with the underground soil, and the ground temperature is relatively stable. It is in contact with the underground soil and the ground temperature is relatively stable. It can be regarded as a constant temperature boundary condition or an adiabatic boundary condition, depending on the thermal properties of the soil. The internal air contact surface represents the heat exchange between the internal air by setting convection boundary conditions.

[0058] Step S350: performing steady-state analysis and transient analysis on the open hole two-dimensional cross-section thermal model according to representative working conditions to obtain a steady-state temperature distribution field and a transient temperature distribution field.

[0059] Step S400: performing temperature-structure coupling simulation analysis using the ambient temperature field and the finite element model to obtain simulation results, including thermal deformation results, thermal stress distribution, and total expansion and contraction of the open-hole structure;

[0060] In this embodiment, the temperature field and the finite element model are combined to analyze the thermal response of the structure caused by temperature changes. Through the combined effect of steady-state and transient temperature fields, the structural performance is more comprehensively predicted.

[0061] The step S400 includes:

[0062] Step S410: coupling the ambient temperature field with the finite element model to obtain a steady-state thermal boundary and a transient thermal boundary of the finite element model;

[0063] Step S420: performing heat conduction calculation based on the steady-state thermal boundary and the transient thermal boundary to obtain the temperature distribution of each structural region, wherein the temperature distribution includes the steady-state temperature distribution and the transient temperature distribution;

[0064] In this embodiment, the formula describing steady-state heat conduction is:

[0065]

[0066] Where k represents thermal conductivity, T represents temperature, and Q represents the body heat source term. represents the gradient operator, represents the heat flux vector, Represents the divergence of heat flux density in space.

[0067] The formula describing transient heat conduction is:

[0068]

[0069] In the formula, ρ represents the density of the material, c represents the specific heat capacity of the material, t represents time, k represents thermal conductivity, T represents temperature, and Q represents the body heat source term. represents the gradient operator, represents the heat flux vector, Represents the divergence of heat flux density in space.

[0070] Step S430: Calculate the thermal deformation results, thermal stress distribution and total expansion of the open hole structure according to the temperature distribution.

[0071] The step S430 includes:

[0072] Step S431: obtaining steady-state temperature changes and transient temperature changes of each structural region according to the temperature distribution;

[0073] Step S432: Calculating the thermal stress of each structural region based on the linear expansion coefficient of the material, the Young's modulus of the material, and the steady-state temperature change of the structural region;

[0074] In this embodiment, thermal stress reflects the internal stress state of the structure caused by long-term temperature differences and can be used to determine risks such as cracks and fatigue. The calculation formula for thermal stress is:

[0075] σ th =EαΔT w

[0076] Where, σ th represents thermal stress, E represents Young's modulus, α represents linear expansion coefficient, ΔT w Represents steady-state temperature change.

[0077] Step S433: Calculating the thermal deformation of each structural region based on the linear expansion coefficient of the material, the length of the structural region, and the transient temperature change;

[0078] In this embodiment, the calculation formula for thermal deformation is:

[0079] ΔL=αLΔT s

[0080] Where ΔL represents thermal deformation, α represents linear expansion coefficient, L represents the original length or size of the structural area, and ΔT s Indicates transient temperature changes.

[0081] Step S434: calculating the total expansion and contraction of the open-cut structure according to the thermal deformation of each structural area;

[0082] Step S435: obtaining a thermal deformation result of the open hole structure according to the thermal deformation of each structural region, and obtaining a thermal stress distribution of the open hole structure according to the thermal stress of each structural region.

[0083] Step S500: Optimize the design parameters according to the simulation results to obtain the optimal design parameters.

[0084] The step S500 includes:

[0085] Step S510: setting an objective function according to the total expansion and contraction and the thermal stress distribution;

[0086] In this embodiment, the objective function is set to:

[0087]

[0088] Where Lc represents the objective function, w1 and w2 represent weight parameters, σ max represents the maximum thermal stress, σ a Indicates the maximum allowable thermal stress, ΔL t Indicates the total expansion and contraction of the structure, ΔL l Indicates the maximum allowable total expansion and contraction.

[0089] At the same time, constraints are set, including seam width constraints, seam spacing constraints, thermal stress constraints and total deformation constraints. Through the constraints, the seam width must be within the specified range, the seam spacing cannot be too small or too large, and the structure is not allowed to be overstressed, while ensuring that the total expansion and contraction of the structure is controllable.

[0090] Step S520: Initializing a population, the population including a plurality of individuals, each of which represents a set of design parameters;

[0091] Step S530: input each individual into the finite element model to update the simulation results;

[0092] Step S540: Calculate the objective function value of each individual using the updated simulation results through the objective function;

[0093] Step S550: Determine whether the iteration conditions are met. If so, stop the iteration and select the individual with the smallest objective function value as the optimal design parameter. Otherwise, perform selection, crossover and mutation operations according to the objective function value to obtain a new population and perform the next iteration.

[0094] In this embodiment, after obtaining the optimal design parameters of the expansion joint through the open hole expansion joint design method, the corresponding construction method is used for construction, and the following is obtained: Figure 2 The open hole expansion joint device shown, specifically, the open hole expansion joint device is composed of polytetrafluoroethylene expansion strips, expansion bolts, pressure plates, butyl waterproof tape, stainless steel plates, stainless steel seamless steel pipes, T-nuts, cold-bent inner-curled channel steels, and quick-setting rubber waterproof coatings, among which the selection of polytetrafluoroethylene expansion strips is determined by the obtained optimal design parameters.

[0095] Lay butyl waterproof tape at the corresponding locations on both sides of the designed open-cut expansion joint as specified. Then, lay the PTFE expansion strip circumferentially along the open-cut expansion joint over the butyl waterproof tape. Lift and adjust the aluminum alloy pressure plate, manually pressing it against the outer surface of the open-cut hole. Secure it with expansion bolts inserted through the holes in the aluminum alloy pressure plate. The expansion bolts connect the aluminum alloy pressure plate, PTFE expansion strip, and open-cut concrete together. Before use, replace the matching nut on the right expansion bolt with a T-nut.

[0096] Before installing the stainless steel plate, weld the cold-bent inner-edge channel steel to the stainless steel plate at the corresponding position. To maintain the two sides flush, a stainless steel seamless steel pipe is used to adjust the left aluminum alloy pressure plate and the stainless steel plate. Then, align the reserved holes in the stainless steel plate with the expansion bolts on the left, and place T-nuts in the center of the inner groove of the cold-bent inner-edge channel steel. Finally, tighten the nuts with the expansion bolts on the left to secure the stainless steel plate.

[0097] In summary, this invention, by establishing a coupled simulation analysis between the ambient temperature field and the finite element model, comprehensively considers the impact of steady-state and transient temperature changes on open-cut structures. This allows for accurate simulation of thermal deformation, thermal stress distribution, and total expansion, thereby optimizing the spacing and width of expansion joints. Compared to traditional empirical design methods, this method, based on real-world environmental data and numerical simulation, significantly improves the scientific nature and reliability of the design, avoids problems such as concrete cracking and expansion joint failure caused by temperature stress, and extends the service life of the structure.

[0098] An objective function-driven optimization algorithm automatically iterates to find optimal design parameters, significantly reducing manual trial-and-error costs and shortening the design cycle. Furthermore, through parametric modeling and simulation analysis, the system can quickly adapt to the requirements of open-cut tunnel design under diverse geological and climatic conditions, improving project adaptability. This approach not only reduces construction risks and maintenance costs but also provides a standardized and scalable technical framework for the thermal-mechanical coupling design of similar underground projects.

[0099] Example 2:

[0100] This embodiment provides a system for designing open hole expansion joints, the system comprising:

[0101] Acquisition module, which acquires historical environmental data of the target bright hole area;

[0102] A first construction module is used to establish a finite element model based on the open hole structure and design parameters, wherein the design parameters include the spacing and width of the open hole expansion joints;

[0103] A second building module is used to establish an ambient temperature field based on historical environmental data, wherein the ambient temperature field includes a steady-state temperature distribution field and a transient temperature distribution field;

[0104] A simulation module is used to perform temperature-structure coupling simulation analysis using an ambient temperature field and a finite element model to obtain simulation results, including thermal deformation results, thermal stress distribution, and total expansion and contraction of the open-cut structure;

[0105] The optimization module is used to optimize the design parameters according to the simulation results to obtain the optimal design parameters.

[0106] The second building block includes:

[0107] The first acquisition unit is used to acquire historical environmental data of the target open hole area;

[0108] A first analysis unit is configured to analyze historical environmental data to obtain representative operating conditions, wherein the representative operating conditions include the highest temperature at noon in summer, the lowest temperature at night in winter, and hourly temperature changes of a representative day;

[0109] The second acquisition unit is used to acquire the structural area of the open hole cross section according to the finite element model;

[0110] A setting unit is used to set thermal parameters and thermal boundary conditions for each structural area of the open hole cross section to obtain a two-dimensional cross-sectional thermal model of the open hole;

[0111] The second analysis unit is used to perform steady-state analysis and transient analysis on the two-dimensional cross-section thermal model of the open hole according to representative working conditions to obtain steady-state temperature distribution field and transient temperature distribution field.

[0112] It should be noted that, regarding the system in the above embodiment, the specific manner in which each module performs operations has been described in detail in the embodiment of the method, and will not be elaborated on here.

[0113] Example 3:

[0114] Corresponding to the above method embodiment, this embodiment also provides an open hole expansion joint design device. The open hole expansion joint design device described below and the open hole expansion joint design method described above can refer to each other.

[0115] Figure 3 FIG. 8 is a block diagram of an open hole expansion joint design device 800 according to an exemplary embodiment. Figure 3 As shown, the open hole expansion joint design device 800 may include: a processor 801 and a memory 802. The open hole expansion joint design device 800 may also include one or more of a multimedia component 803, an I / O interface 804, and a communication component 805.

[0116] The processor 801 is configured to control the overall operation of the open hole expansion joint design device 800 to complete all or part of the steps in the open hole expansion joint design method described above. The memory 802 is configured to store various types of data to support the operation of the open hole expansion joint design device 800. This data may include, for example, instructions for any application or method operating on the open hole expansion joint design device 800, as well as application-related data such as contact information, sent and received messages, images, audio, and video. The memory 802 can be implemented by any type of volatile or non-volatile storage device or a combination thereof, such as static random access memory (SRAM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), programmable read-only memory (PROM), read-only memory (ROM), magnetic memory, flash memory, magnetic disk or optical disk. The multimedia component 803 may include a screen and an audio component. The screen may be, for example, a touch screen, and the audio component is used to output and / or input audio signals. For example, the audio component may include a microphone for receiving external audio signals. The received audio signal may be further stored in the memory 802 or transmitted via the communication component 805. The audio component also includes at least one speaker for outputting audio signals. The I / O interface 804 provides an interface between the processor 801 and other interface modules, which may be a keyboard, a mouse, buttons, etc. These buttons may be virtual buttons or physical buttons. The communication component 805 is used for wired or wireless communication between the open hole expansion joint design device 800 and other devices. Wireless communication, such as Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Near Field Communication (NFC), 2G, 3G or 4G, or a combination of one or more thereof, therefore, the corresponding communication component 805 may include: a Wi-Fi module, a Bluetooth module, an NFC module.

[0117] In an exemplary embodiment, the open hole expansion joint design device 800 can be implemented by one or more application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), digital signal processors (DSPs), digital signal processing devices (DSPDs), programmable logic devices (PLDs), field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), controllers, microcontrollers, microprocessors or other electronic components to execute the above-mentioned open hole expansion joint design method.

[0118] In another exemplary embodiment, a computer-readable storage medium including program instructions is further provided. When executed by a processor, the program instructions implement the steps of the above-described open hole expansion joint design method. For example, the computer-readable storage medium may be the aforementioned memory 802 including the program instructions. The program instructions may be executed by the processor 801 of the open hole expansion joint design device 800 to implement the above-described open hole expansion joint design method.

[0119] Example 4:

[0120] Corresponding to the above method embodiment, this embodiment further provides a readable storage medium. The readable storage medium described below and the open hole expansion joint design method described above can refer to each other.

[0121] A readable storage medium stores a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the open hole expansion joint design method of the above method embodiment.

[0122] The readable storage medium may specifically be any readable storage medium that can store program code, such as a USB flash drive, a mobile hard disk, a read-only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), a magnetic disk, or an optical disk.

[0123] The foregoing description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that various modifications and variations of the present invention are possible. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, or improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention are intended to be within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0124] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any modifications or substitutions that can be easily conceived by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be based on the scope of protection of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for designing an open hole expansion joint, characterized in that: include: Obtain historical environmental data of the target Myeongdong area; Establishing a finite element model based on the open-cut structure and design parameters, wherein the design parameters include the spacing and width of the open-cut expansion joints; Establishing an ambient temperature field based on historical environmental data, wherein the ambient temperature field includes a steady-state temperature distribution field and a transient temperature distribution field; Performing temperature-structure coupling simulation analysis using an ambient temperature field and a finite element model to obtain simulation results, including thermal deformation results, thermal stress distribution, and total expansion and contraction of the open-cut structure; The design parameters are optimized according to the simulation results to obtain the optimal design parameters.

2. The method for designing an open hole expansion joint according to claim 1, characterized in that ,The finite element model is established according to the open hole structure and design parameters, including: Obtain the geometric parameters of the open-cut structure and set the initial spacing and initial width of the open-cut expansion joints according to the design parameters; Establishing a geometric model according to geometric parameters, initial spacing and initial crack width; The geometric model is divided into regions according to the open hole structure to obtain multiple structural regions; Set the boundary conditions for each structural area and perform mesh division on each structural area; According to the structural characteristics of the structural area, the corresponding material properties are assigned to each structural area to obtain the finite element model of the open hole structure.

3. The method for designing an open hole expansion joint according to claim 1, characterized in that ,The establishment of the ambient temperature field based on the historical environmental data includes: Obtain historical environmental data of the target Myeongdong area; Analyze historical environmental data to obtain representative operating conditions, including the highest temperature at noon in summer, the lowest temperature at night in winter, and hourly temperature changes on a representative day; The structural area of the cross section of the Mingdong was obtained based on the finite element model; Set thermal parameters and thermal boundary conditions for each structural area of the Mingdong cross section to obtain a two-dimensional thermal model of the Mingdong cross section; According to representative working conditions, steady-state analysis and transient analysis are performed on the two-dimensional cross-section thermal model of the open hole to obtain the steady-state temperature distribution field and transient temperature distribution field.

4. The method for designing an open hole expansion joint according to claim 1, characterized in that , the simulation results obtained include: The ambient temperature field is coupled with the finite element model to obtain the steady-state thermal boundary and transient thermal boundary of the finite element model; Solving heat conduction according to steady-state thermal boundaries and transient thermal boundaries to obtain temperature distribution in each structural area, wherein the temperature distribution includes steady-state temperature distribution and transient temperature distribution; The thermal deformation results, thermal stress distribution and total expansion of the open hole structure are calculated based on the temperature distribution.

5. The method for designing an open hole expansion joint according to claim 4 is characterized in that ,The calculation of the thermal deformation results, thermal stress distribution and total expansion of the open-hole structure based on the temperature distribution includes: Obtain steady-state temperature changes and transient temperature changes in each structural area based on temperature distribution; Calculate the thermal stress in each structural area based on the linear expansion coefficient of the material, the Young's modulus of the material and the steady-state temperature change of the structural area; Calculate the thermal deformation of each structural area based on the linear expansion coefficient of the material, the length of the structural area and the transient temperature change; The total expansion and contraction of the open-cut structure is calculated based on the thermal deformation of each structural area; The thermal deformation results of the open-hole structure are obtained according to the thermal deformation of each structural area, and the thermal stress distribution of the open-hole structure is obtained according to the thermal stress of each structural area.

6. The method for designing an open hole expansion joint according to claim 1, characterized in that , the design parameters are optimized according to the simulation results to obtain the optimal design parameters, including: Set the objective function based on the total expansion and contraction and thermal stress distribution; Initializing a population, the population comprising a plurality of individuals, each of the individuals representing a set of design parameters; Input each individual into the finite element model to update the simulation results; The updated simulation results are used to calculate the objective function value of each individual through the objective function; Determine whether the iteration conditions are met. If so, stop the iteration and select the individual with the smallest objective function value as the optimal design parameter. Otherwise, perform selection, crossover and mutation operations according to the objective function value to obtain a new population and proceed to the next iteration.

7. A system for designing open hole expansion joints, characterized in that: include: Acquisition module, which acquires historical environmental data of the target bright hole area; A first construction module is used to establish a finite element model based on the open hole structure and design parameters, wherein the design parameters include the spacing and width of the open hole expansion joints; A second building module is used to establish an ambient temperature field based on historical environmental data, wherein the ambient temperature field includes a steady-state temperature distribution field and a transient temperature distribution field; A simulation module is used to perform temperature-structure coupling simulation analysis using an ambient temperature field and a finite element model to obtain simulation results, including thermal deformation results, thermal stress distribution, and total expansion and contraction of the open-cut structure; The optimization module is used to optimize the design parameters according to the simulation results to obtain the optimal design parameters.

8. The open hole expansion joint design system according to claim 7, characterized in that: The second building block includes: The first acquisition unit is used to acquire historical environmental data of the target open hole area; A first analysis unit is configured to analyze historical environmental data to obtain representative operating conditions, wherein the representative operating conditions include the highest temperature at noon in summer, the lowest temperature at night in winter, and hourly temperature changes of a representative day; The second acquisition unit is used to acquire the structural area of the open hole cross section according to the finite element model; A setting unit is used to set thermal parameters and thermal boundary conditions for each structural area of the open hole cross section to obtain a two-dimensional cross-sectional thermal model of the open hole; The second analysis unit is used to perform steady-state analysis and transient analysis on the two-dimensional cross-section thermal model of the open hole according to representative working conditions to obtain steady-state temperature distribution field and transient temperature distribution field.

9. A device for designing open hole expansion joints, characterized in that: include: memory for storing computer programs; A processor is configured to implement the steps of the open hole expansion joint design method as described in any one of claims 1 to 6 when executing the computer program.

10. A readable storage medium, characterized in that: The readable storage medium stores a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps of the open hole expansion joint design method according to any one of claims 1 to 6 are implemented.

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