Method for improving strength of high-entropy alloy prepared through laser directional energy deposition through composite treatment

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of additive manufacturing, and discloses a method for improving the strength of a high-entropy alloy prepared through laser directional energy deposition through composite treatment. According to the method, in the process of forming the high-entropy alloy through additive manufacturing, plastic deformation is introduced into the high-entropy alloy prepared through laser directional energy deposition through in-situ rolling, and the alloy strength is improved in situ through the work hardening and fine grain strengthening principle; and after printing is completed, the whole sample is put into liquid nitrogen for deep cooling, and the strength is further improved. According to the method, plastic deformation can be introduced into the deposition material through in-situ rolling, so that the strength of the high-entropy alloy is improved, and the residual stress of the high-entropy alloy is further regulated and controlled in combination with subzero treatment; according to the method, the tensile strength and the yield strength of the high-entropy alloy are remarkably enhanced on the premise that the plasticity of the high-entropy alloy prepared through laser directional energy deposition is not sacrificed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of additive manufacturing, and in particular relates to a method for improving the strength of a high-entropy alloy prepared by laser directed energy deposition through composite processing. Background Art

[0002] High-entropy alloys (HEAs) have excellent mechanical properties, wear resistance, radiation resistance, and high / low temperature stability. They have great potential for application in extreme environments and have become core candidates for the next generation of high-performance materials. Single-phase alloys CrMnFeCoNi and their derivatives exhibit excellent high- and low-temperature mechanical properties and damage resistance, and can be used in the aerospace field and high-temperature structural materials. Dual-phase alloys such as FeCoCrNiAlx have excellent high-temperature performance and neutron radiation resistance, and have the advantages of corrosion resistance and wear resistance. They have broad application prospects in nuclear reactor structural materials, spent fuel storage containers, and other fields. However, the work hardening ability of HEAs and the formation of brittle phases under high temperature conditions can lead to severe tool wear and thermal cracking, posing a huge challenge to the precision forming of complex HEAs components.

[0003] The laser directed energy deposition (L-DED) process uses a high-energy laser beam to rapidly melt and solidify the cladding material on the substrate surface, thereby improving the substrate's surface resistance to wear, corrosion, and oxidation. This process enables the integrated formation of complex high-entropy alloy components and the preparation of surface coatings. High-entropy alloys prepared using L-DED suffer from coarse columnar grains and high residual stresses, resulting in low room-temperature tensile and yield strengths, necessitating further post-processing to control their mechanical properties.

[0004] Since some high-entropy alloys easily form brittle phases during heat treatment, which in turn deteriorates their mechanical properties, there is an urgent need to develop a method to improve the strength of high-entropy alloys prepared by laser directed energy deposition. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to overcome the shortcomings and deficiencies in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for improving the strength of high-entropy alloys prepared by laser directed energy deposition through a composite treatment; the method is to perform in-situ regulation and post-processing during the additive manufacturing process of high-entropy alloys to achieve the purpose of improving the strength of high-entropy alloys; the in-situ regulation is to introduce plastic deformation into the high-entropy alloy prepared by laser directed energy deposition through in-situ rolling, and to utilize the principles of work hardening and grain refinement to in-situ improve the strength of the alloy; the post-printing processing is to place the entire sample in liquid nitrogen for deep cooling after printing is completed to further improve the strength; the present invention improves the strength of the alloy through a composite treatment of "in-situ treatment + post-processing".

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: A method for improving the strength of a high-entropy alloy prepared by laser directed energy deposition by composite treatment, the method specifically comprising the following steps: (1) Spherical high entropy alloy powder was prepared by gas atomization as raw material, with a powder particle size distribution of 53~150µm; (2) Using the laser directed energy deposition (L-DED) process to print a single pass sample of a high entropy alloy and measure the height value of the single pass sample h 0; (3) Use modeling software to build a three-dimensional model of the high-entropy alloy component, import the three-dimensional model into the path planning and process setting software of the laser directed energy deposition forming equipment, set the printing process parameters, and generate the printing path; (4) Medium carbon steel or low carbon steel is used as the substrate and fixed on the machine tool turntable; the laser cladding head is located 10 mm above the substrate; the roller head of the in-situ roller pressing device is located above the substrate, and the vertical distance between its lower end and the substrate is h 1, of which 0.4 h 0≤ h 1< h 0; the horizontal distance between the laser cladding head and the roller head is 35 mm; the laser cladding head and the roller head are fixed in position, and by controlling the movement of the machine tool turntable in the X-axis and Y-axis directions, the laser directed energy deposition process is used to print the high-entropy alloy three-dimensional component. During the printing process, the roller head rolls and deforms the material deposited by the laser cladding head; After the current layer is printed, the roller head and the laser cladding head are raised to the same height. h 1. According to the geometric shape of the high-entropy alloy three-dimensional component, the printing starting position is changed by rotating the machine tool turntable at an angle w = 1 to 180 degrees, and then the above-mentioned laser directed energy deposition process printing and roller pressing process are repeated to complete the printing of the second layer; this operation is repeated until the high-entropy alloy three-dimensional component is printed; (5) The high entropy alloy three-dimensional component printed in step (4) is subjected to a single cryogenic treatment or a cyclic cryogenic treatment to obtain a high entropy alloy product.

[0007] The medium carbon steel in step (4) is 10# steel or 40Cr steel, and the low carbon steel is Q235 steel.

[0008] Step (4) h The smaller 1 is, the greater the rolling load is; the inventor has conducted tests on materials such as titanium alloy, stainless steel, die steel, and high entropy alloy, and found that the h1 required to achieve a load of 10kN will not be less than 0.4h0, so it can be controlled h 1 value is 0.4 h 0≤ h 1< h0 range changes to control the roller load L load Varies within the range of 10kN~1kN.

[0009] The generation of the printing path in step (3) is specifically carried out in the following manner: (a) Use SolidWorks or UG modeling software to build a 3D model, generate an STL file and then import it into the path planning software of the laser directed energy deposition forming equipment. h 0, set the deposition thickness of each layer under 1kN~10kN roller pressure load h 1 and slice the model, the deposition thickness h 1 is equal to the lifting amount of each layer of the roller head and the laser cladding head; (b) Selecting an appropriate scanning path, including reciprocating scanning or linear scanning, based on the 3D structural characteristics of the high-entropy alloy 3D component to be printed; (c) Setting the printing process parameters, including adjusting the laser power, scanning speed and overlap rate, where the laser power P 1100 W~1300 W, scanning speed V The speed is 540 mm / min~600 mm / min, and the overlap rate is 33%~45%.

[0010] The single cryogenic treatment in step (5) specifically comprises the following steps: immersing the printed high entropy alloy three-dimensional component together with the substrate in liquid nitrogen, treating for 2 h to 168 h (preferably 12 h) and then taking it out; after the high entropy alloy three-dimensional component returns to room temperature, removing the high entropy alloy three-dimensional component from the substrate by wire cutting; The cyclic cryogenic treatment specifically comprises the following steps: immersing the printed high-entropy alloy three-dimensional component together with the substrate in liquid nitrogen, treating for 2 to 48 hours, taking it out and returning it to room temperature, immersing the high-entropy alloy three-dimensional component together with the substrate in liquid nitrogen again, treating for 2 to 48 hours, taking it out and returning it to room temperature, and repeating this cycle of immersing in liquid nitrogen and returning it to room temperature 2 to 6 times, and then removing the high-entropy alloy three-dimensional component from the substrate by wire cutting.

[0011] The present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects compared to the prior art: (1) The method of the present invention can introduce plastic deformation into the deposited material through in-situ rolling to improve the strength of the high-entropy alloy, and further regulate its residual stress in combination with deep cryogenic treatment.

[0012] (2) The present invention significantly enhances the tensile strength and yield strength of high entropy alloys without sacrificing the plasticity of high entropy alloys prepared by laser directed energy deposition. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0013] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of a single cryogenic treatment for 12 hours.

[0014] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of single cryogenic treatment for 6h, 12h, and 24h.

[0015] Figure 3 Image of high-entropy alloy samples prepared for L-DED process.

[0016] Figure 4 A diagram of high-entropy alloy samples prepared by in-situ roller-assisted L-DED process.

[0017] Figure 5 A diagram showing the control of deep cooling post-treatment of high entropy alloy samples prepared by in-situ roller-assisted L-DED process.

[0018] Figure 6 Mechanical property curve of high entropy alloy samples prepared by L-DED process.

[0019] Figure 7 This is the mechanical property curve of high entropy alloy samples prepared by in-situ roller-assisted L-DED process.

[0020] Figure 8 Mechanical property curves of high entropy alloy samples prepared by in-situ roller-assisted L-DED process after deep cooling and 12h treatment.

[0021] Figure 9 Mechanical property curves of high entropy alloy samples prepared by in-situ roller-assisted L-DED process after deep cooling for 6h.

[0022] Figure 10 Mechanical property curves of high entropy alloy samples prepared by in-situ roller-assisted L-DED process after deep cooling for 24 hours.

[0023] Figure 11 Residual stress values of high-entropy alloy samples prepared by L-DED process, high-entropy alloy samples prepared by in-situ roller-assisted L-DED process and their deep-cold post-treated samples. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the embodiments and drawings, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.

[0025] The method for improving the strength of high entropy alloys prepared by laser directed energy deposition by composite treatment in the following embodiments specifically follows the following steps: (1) Spherical high entropy alloy powder was prepared by gas atomization as raw material, with a powder particle size distribution of 53~150µm; (2) Using the laser directed energy deposition (L-DED) process to print a single pass sample of a high entropy alloy and measure the height value of the single pass sample h 0; (3) Use SolidWorks or UG modeling software to build a three-dimensional model, generate an STL format file and then import it into the path planning software of the laser directed energy deposition forming equipment. h 0, set the deposition thickness of each layer under 1kN~10kN roller pressure load h 1 and slice the model, the deposition thickness h 1 is equal to the lifting amount of each layer of the roller head and the laser cladding head; Based on the three-dimensional structural characteristics of the high-entropy alloy three-dimensional component to be printed, a suitable scanning path is selected, including reciprocating scanning or linear scanning; Set the printing process parameters, including adjusting the laser power, scanning speed and overlap rate, where the laser power P 1100 W~1300 W, scanning speed V The speed is 540 mm / min~600 mm / min, and the overlap rate is 33%~45%; (4) Medium carbon steel or low carbon steel is used as the substrate and fixed on the machine tool turntable; the laser cladding head is located 10 mm above the substrate; the roller head of the in-situ roller pressing device is located above the substrate, and the vertical distance between its lower end and the substrate is h 1, of which 0.4 h 0≤ h 1< h 0; the horizontal distance between the laser cladding head and the roller head is 35 mm; the laser cladding head and the roller head are fixed in position, and by controlling the movement of the machine tool turntable in the X-axis and Y-axis directions, the laser directed energy deposition process is used to print the high-entropy alloy three-dimensional component. During the printing process, the roller head rolls and deforms the material deposited by the laser cladding head; After the current layer is printed, the roller head and the laser cladding head are raised to the same height. h 1. According to the geometric shape of the high-entropy alloy three-dimensional component, the printing starting position is changed by rotating the machine tool turntable at an angle w = 1 to 180 degrees, and then the above-mentioned laser directed energy deposition process printing and roller pressing process are repeated to complete the printing of the second layer; this operation is repeated until the high-entropy alloy three-dimensional component is printed; (5) subjecting the high entropy alloy three-dimensional component printed in step (4) to a single cryogenic treatment or a cyclic cryogenic treatment to obtain a high entropy alloy product; The single cryogenic treatment specifically comprises the following steps: immersing the printed high-entropy alloy three-dimensional component together with the substrate in liquid nitrogen, taking it out after treating it for 2 hours to 168 hours, and removing the high-entropy alloy three-dimensional component from the substrate by wire cutting after the high-entropy alloy three-dimensional component returns to room temperature; The cyclic cryogenic treatment specifically comprises the following steps: immersing the printed high-entropy alloy three-dimensional component together with the substrate in liquid nitrogen, treating for 2 to 48 hours, taking it out and returning it to room temperature, immersing the high-entropy alloy three-dimensional component together with the substrate in liquid nitrogen again, treating for 2 to 48 hours, taking it out and returning it to room temperature, and repeating this cycle of immersing in liquid nitrogen and returning it to room temperature 2 to 6 times, and then removing the high-entropy alloy three-dimensional component from the substrate by wire cutting.

[0026] Example 1:

[0027] (1) Spherical non-equiatomic ratio CrMnFeCoNi high entropy alloy powder was prepared by gas atomization as raw material, with a powder particle size distribution of 53~150µm; (2) Using the laser directed energy deposition (L-DED) process to print a single pass sample of a high entropy alloy and measure the height value of the single pass sample h 0 is 0.5mm; (3) Use SolidWorks or UG modeling software to build a 100mm*5mm*55mm size single-arm wall high entropy alloy 3D model, generate an STL format file and import it into the path planning software of the laser directed energy deposition forming equipment, based on the single-pass sample height measurement value h 0, set the deposition thickness of each layer under 0kN and 10kN roller pressure load respectively h 1 and slice the model, the deposition thickness h 1 is equal to the lifting amount of each layer of the roller head and the laser cladding head. h 1 value is 0.5mm, under 10kN load h 1 value is 0.3mm; Based on the three-dimensional structural characteristics of the single-arm wall high-entropy alloy three-dimensional component to be printed, a suitable scanning path is selected, including reciprocating scanning or linear scanning; Set printing process parameters: laser power P 1200 W, scanning speed V is 540 mm / min, and the overlap rate is 40%; (4) 40Cr medium carbon steel is used as the substrate and fixed on the machine tool turntable; the laser cladding head is located 10 mm above the substrate; the roller head of the in-situ roller pressing device is located above the substrate, and the vertical distance between its lower end and the substrate is h1. The horizontal distance between the laser cladding head and the roller head is 35 mm. The laser cladding head and the roller head are fixed in position. By controlling the movement of the machine tool turntable in the X-axis and Y-axis directions, the laser directed energy deposition process is used to print the high-entropy alloy three-dimensional component. During the printing process, the roller head rolls and deforms the material deposited by the laser cladding head. After the current layer is printed, the roller head and the laser cladding head are raised to the same height. h 1. According to the geometric shape of the high-entropy alloy three-dimensional component, the printing starting position is changed by rotating the machine tool turntable at an angle w = 1 to 180 degrees, and then the above-mentioned laser directed energy deposition process printing and roller pressing process are repeated to complete the printing of the second layer; this operation is repeated until the high-entropy alloy three-dimensional component is printed; According to the different roller pressure loads of 0kN and 10kN, different single-arm wall high entropy alloy three-dimensional component samples were printed, such as Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown in the figure, after 10kN rolling, the upper surface of the sample becomes flat and the surface roughness is improved.

[0028] (5) The high entropy alloy three-dimensional component printed in step (4) is subjected to a single cryogenic treatment method for 12 hours. The cryogenic treatment curve is as follows: Figure 1 As shown, after returning to room temperature, the high entropy alloy three-dimensional component is removed from the substrate by wire cutting to obtain a high entropy alloy product.

[0029] Example 2

[0030] The preparation steps are the same as in Example 1, and the roller pressure load is selected to be 10kN, that is, h Three single-arm wall high-entropy alloy samples with the same size of 100mm*5mm*55mm were printed under the condition of 1 value of 0.3mm. The three samples together with the substrate were placed in a liquid nitrogen tank for single cryogenic treatment. The treatment time was 6h, 12h and 24h respectively. The cryogenic treatment curve is shown in the figure below. Figure 2 As shown, after the cryogenic treatment is completed, the samples are taken out from the liquid nitrogen tank. The cryogenic treatment has little effect on the surface morphology. The surface morphology of any sample is shown as Figure 5 As shown, the surface temperature of the sample was -196°C when it was taken out of the liquid nitrogen tank. Frost formed on the surface after it came into contact with room temperature and returned to room temperature after standing for a period of time.

[0031] Test Example 1 Tensile specimens were taken from the following five samples for room temperature stretching: the single-arm wall high entropy alloy three-dimensional component sample printed under a 0kN roller load in Example 1, the single-arm wall high entropy alloy three-dimensional component sample printed under a 10kN roller load in Example 1 (without cryogenic treatment), the single-arm wall high entropy alloy three-dimensional component printed under a 10kN roller load in Example 2, which was subjected to a single cryogenic treatment for 6 hours (10kN+6h), the single-arm wall high entropy alloy three-dimensional component printed under a 10kN roller load in Example 2, which was subjected to a single cryogenic treatment for 12 hours (10kN+12h), the single-arm wall high entropy alloy three-dimensional component printed under a 10kN roller load in Example 2, which was subjected to a single cryogenic treatment for 24 hours (10kN+24h). Each group of samples was subjected to three tensile tests, and the test results are as follows: Figure 6-10 shown.

[0032] Figure 6 The figure shows the room temperature tensile performance curve in the vertical direction of a single-arm wall high-entropy alloy three-dimensional component sample printed under a 0kN roller load. It can be seen that its tensile strength, yield strength and plasticity are 827MPa, 340MPa and 30% respectively.

[0033] Figure 7 The figure shows the room temperature tensile performance curve in the vertical direction of a single-arm wall high-entropy alloy three-dimensional component sample (without cryogenic treatment) printed under a 10kN roller load. The tensile strength, yield strength and plasticity are 960MPa, 470MPa and 43%, respectively. After 10kN in-situ roller pressing, the strength and plasticity of the high-entropy alloy sample are improved, which are 16%, 38% and 43% respectively compared with the 0kN load sample.

[0034] Figure 8 The figure shows the room-temperature tensile properties curve in the vertical direction of a single-arm wall high-entropy alloy three-dimensional component printed under a 10kN roller load and subjected to a single cryogenic treatment for 12 hours. The tensile strength, yield strength, and plasticity of the sample are 1050MPa, 550MPa, and 40%, respectively, which are 27%, 62%, and 33% higher than those of the sample printed under a 0kN roller load, respectively. Both strength and plasticity have been significantly improved. Compared to the sample printed under a 10kN roller load (without cryogenic treatment), the plasticity of the cryogenically treated sample is only slightly reduced, but its tensile strength and yield strength are increased by 10% and 17%, respectively.

[0035] Figure 9 The figure shows the room temperature tensile performance curve in the vertical direction of a single-arm wall high-entropy alloy three-dimensional component printed under a 10kN roller load and obtained after a single deep cryogenic treatment for 6 hours. The tensile strength, yield strength and plasticity of the sample are 1038MPa, 567MPa and 36.8%, respectively, which are 26%, 67% and 23% higher than those of the 0kN sample.

[0036] Figure 10 The figure shows the room temperature tensile performance curve in the vertical direction of a single-arm wall high-entropy alloy three-dimensional component printed under a 10kN roller load and obtained after a single deep cryogenic treatment for 24 hours. The tensile strength, yield strength and plasticity of the sample are 1046MPa, 557MPa and 40.3%, respectively, which are 26%, 64% and 34% higher than those of the 0kN sample.

[0037] Comparing the tensile properties of the sample (10kN+6h) obtained after a single cryogenic treatment for 6 hours for the single-arm wall high entropy alloy three-dimensional component printed under a 10kN roller load in Example 2, the sample (10kN+12h) obtained after a single cryogenic treatment for 12 hours for the single-arm wall high entropy alloy three-dimensional component printed under a 10kN roller load in Example 2, and the sample (10kN+24h) obtained after a single cryogenic treatment for 24 hours for the single-arm wall high entropy alloy three-dimensional component printed under a 10kN roller load in Example 2, as shown in Table 1, it can be seen that the sample printed under a 10kN roller load has the best effect after a single cryogenic treatment for 12 hours (10kN+12h).

[0038] Table 1 Room temperature tensile properties of single cryogenically treated high entropy alloys Single deep cooling time Tensile strength / MPa Yield strength MPa Elongation / % 6h 1038 567 36.8 12h 1050 550 40 24h 1046 557 40.3 The above experimental results confirm that the composite treatment method of in-situ rolling combined with cryogenic treatment can achieve a synergistic improvement in the strength and plasticity of high-entropy alloys prepared by laser-directed energy deposition.

[0039] Test Example 2 The residual stress values of the following five samples were tested: the single-arm wall high entropy alloy three-dimensional component sample printed under a 0 kN roller load in Example 1, the single-arm wall high entropy alloy three-dimensional component sample printed under a 10 kN roller load in Example 1 (without cryogenic treatment), the sample obtained after a single cryogenic treatment of 6 hours for the single-arm wall high entropy alloy three-dimensional component printed under a 10 kN roller load in Example 2 (10 kN + 6 h), the sample obtained after a single cryogenic treatment of 12 hours for the single-arm wall high entropy alloy three-dimensional component printed under a 10 kN roller load in Example 2 (10 kN + 12 h), and the sample obtained after a single cryogenic treatment of 24 hours for the single-arm wall high entropy alloy three-dimensional component printed under a 10 kN roller load in Example 2 (10 kN + 24 h).

[0040] The test results are as follows Figure 11As shown, a single-arm-wall high-entropy alloy 3D component sample printed under a 0 kN roller load (i.e., a high-entropy alloy prepared using the L-DED process) exhibited a residual stress of 146 MPa. A single-arm-wall high-entropy alloy 3D component sample printed under a 10 kN roller load (without cryogenic treatment) (i.e., a high-entropy alloy prepared using the in-situ roller-assisted L-DED process) exhibited a residual stress of -99 MPa, converting residual tensile stress into residual compressive stress. After cryogenic treatment for 6, 12, and 24 hours, the residual stress values of the single-arm-wall high-entropy alloy 3D component printed under a 10 kN roller load were -122 MPa, -127 MPa, and -133 MPa, respectively. This indicates that cryogenic treatment can increase residual compressive stress.

[0041] The above embodiments are preferred implementation modes of the present invention, but the implementation modes of the present invention are not limited to the above embodiments. Any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications that do not deviate from the spirit and principles of the present invention should be considered as equivalent replacement methods and are included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for improving the strength of a high entropy alloy prepared by laser directed energy deposition by composite treatment, characterized in that: The method specifically follows these steps: (1) Spherical high entropy alloy powder was prepared by gas atomization as raw material, with a powder particle size distribution of 53~150µm; (2) Print a single pass sample of high entropy alloy using laser directed energy deposition process and measure the height value of the single pass sample h 0; (3) Use modeling software to build a three-dimensional model of the high-entropy alloy component, import the three-dimensional model into the path planning and process setting software of the laser directed energy deposition forming equipment, set the printing process parameters, and generate the printing path; (4) Medium carbon steel or low carbon steel is used as the substrate and fixed on the machine tool turntable; the laser cladding head is located 10 mm above the substrate; the roller head of the in-situ roller pressing device is located above the substrate, and the vertical distance between the lower end of the roller head and the substrate is h 1, of which 0.4 h 0≤ h 1< h 0; the horizontal distance between the laser cladding head and the roller head is 35 mm; the laser cladding head and the roller head are fixed in position, and by controlling the movement of the machine tool turntable in the X-axis and Y-axis directions, the laser directed energy deposition process is used to print the high-entropy alloy three-dimensional component. During the printing process, the roller head rolls and deforms the material deposited by the laser cladding head; After the current layer is printed, the roller head and the laser cladding head are raised to the same height. h 1. According to the geometric shape of the high-entropy alloy 3D component, the printing starting position is changed by rotating the machine tool turntable at an angle w = 1 to 180 degrees, and then the above-mentioned laser directed energy deposition process printing and roller pressing process are repeated to complete the printing of the second layer; this operation is repeated until the high-entropy alloy 3D component is printed; (5) The high entropy alloy three-dimensional component printed in step (4) is subjected to a single cryogenic treatment or a cyclic cryogenic treatment to obtain a high entropy alloy product.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein: The medium carbon steel in step (4) is 10# steel or 40Cr steel, and the low carbon steel is Q235 steel.

3. The method of claim 1 , wherein: The generation of the printing path in step (3) is specifically carried out in the following manner: (a) Use SolidWorks or UG modeling software to build a 3D model, generate an STL file and then import it into the path planning software of the laser directed energy deposition forming equipment. h 0, set the deposition thickness of each layer under 1kN~10kN roller pressure load h 1 and slice the model, the deposition thickness h 1 is equal to the lifting amount of each layer of the roller head and the laser cladding head; (b) Selecting an appropriate scanning path, including reciprocating scanning or linear scanning, based on the 3D structural characteristics of the high-entropy alloy 3D component to be printed; (c) Setting the printing process parameters, including adjusting the laser power, scanning speed and overlap rate, where the laser power P 1100W~1300W, scanning speed V The speed is 540 mm / min~600 mm / min, and the overlap rate is 33%~45%.

4. The method of claim 1 , wherein: The single cryogenic treatment in step (5) is specifically performed in accordance with the following steps: immersing the printed high entropy alloy three-dimensional component together with the substrate in liquid nitrogen, taking them out after treatment for 2 h to 168 h, and removing the high entropy alloy three-dimensional component from the substrate by wire cutting after the high entropy alloy three-dimensional component returns to room temperature.

5. The method of claim 4, wherein: The treatment time is 12 hours.

6. The method of claim 1 , wherein: The cyclic cryogenic treatment in step (5) is specifically carried out as follows: immersing the printed high entropy alloy three-dimensional component together with the substrate in liquid nitrogen, treating for 2 h to 48 h, taking it out and returning it to room temperature, immersing the high entropy alloy three-dimensional component together with the substrate in liquid nitrogen again, treating for 2 h to 48 h, taking it out and returning it to room temperature, and repeating this cycle of immersing in liquid nitrogen and returning it to room temperature 2 to 6 times, and then removing the high entropy alloy three-dimensional component from the substrate by wire cutting.

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