Spindle assembling device of split gearbox

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of part assembling assistance, and particularly discloses a main shaft assembling device of a split type gearbox, which comprises a swing energy absorption mechanism, a gravity sensing mechanism, a maintaining mechanism and a shell support, and the swing energy absorption mechanism comprises a swing main shaft, a ratchet type swing assembly, a self-adaptive pressure regulating assembly and a friction damping assembly. The inner ratchet sleeve can be driven by the torsion spring to rotate when the wide binding band is not stressed, and when the wide binding band is stressed, the inner ratchet sleeve can absorb the swing kinetic energy of a workpiece by pulling the outer ratchet sleeve to rotate, so that the swing time of the workpiece is shortened, and the workpiece becomes stable more quickly; moreover, the hydraulic sensing assembly is provided, and when the sliding block is temporarily unlocked, the internal pressure of the cylinder body is adjusted through the weight of a workpiece, so that the rotating resistance of the outer ratchet sleeve is in the overall trend positively related to the weight of the main shaft, and the negative influence caused by mismatching of the resistance and the weight is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of parts assembly assistance, and in particular relates to a main shaft assembly device for a split gearbox. Background Art

[0002] The split type is a structural form of the gearbox housing, generally consisting of an upper and lower part. When assembling the main shaft, it is generally necessary to first install all the parts such as bearings, gears, washers, etc. on the main shaft, then install the assembled main shaft on the lower housing, and finally cover the upper housing and lock it. The above assembly process is simple and easy to understand, but in actual operation, since the main shaft of the gearbox and the parts assembled on it are heavy, how to maintain the stability of the main shaft itself is a problem.

[0003] Machine tools for processing large parts need to be large and heavy so that the equipment itself has sufficient rigidity and stability. However, general assembly auxiliary equipment cannot be so large. If rigid limiters are used for the workpiece, the impact on the frame and the workpiece itself will be greater (affecting assembly accuracy and equipment life). If flexible limiters are used for the workpiece, the unstable time of the reciprocating swing of the workpiece will be longer. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the above situation and to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides a spindle assembly device for a split gearbox. In order to shorten the unstable time of the reciprocating swing of the workpiece on the basis of flexible limit, the present invention creatively proposes a ratchet swing assembly. Through a unidirectional transmission outer ratchet sleeve and an inner ratchet sleeve, in conjunction with an annular friction damping assembly, the inner ratchet sleeve can be driven to rotate by the torsion spring when the wide strap is not under stress, and can absorb the kinetic energy of the workpiece swing by pulling the outer ratchet sleeve to rotate when the wide strap is under stress, thereby shortening the swing time of the workpiece and making it stabilize more quickly. Not only that, the rotational resistance of the outer ratchet sleeve is also a point that is difficult to meet during the assembly process, because the weight difference between the spindle when assembled with parts and when not assembled with parts can reach two to three times. Therefore, if the rotational resistance of the outer ratchet sleeve is too small, the buffering effect of absorbing energy will not be obvious; if the rotational resistance of the outer ratchet sleeve is too large, the swing of the workpiece may not be able to drive the outer ratchet sleeve to rotate, but will increase the instability of the workpiece. In order to overcome this contradiction, the present invention proposes a hydraulic sensing component. When the slider is temporarily unlocked, the internal pressure of the cylinder is adjusted by the weight of the workpiece itself, so that the rotational resistance of the outer ratchet sleeve shows an overall trend of being positively correlated with the weight of the spindle, reducing the negative impact of resistance and weight mismatch.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: The present invention proposes a spindle assembly device for a split gearbox, comprising a swing energy absorption mechanism, a gravity sensing mechanism, a maintaining mechanism, and a housing bracket. The swing energy absorption mechanism comprises a swing spindle, a ratchet swing assembly, an adaptive pressure regulating assembly, and a friction damping assembly. The swing spindle is fixedly connected to the gravity sensing mechanism, the ratchet swing assembly is rotatably mounted on the swing spindle, the adaptive pressure regulating assembly is fixedly mounted inside the ratchet swing assembly, and the friction damping assembly is slidably mounted in the adaptive pressure regulating assembly. The maintaining and holding mechanism is provided on the swing main shaft and the ratchet type swing assembly; Furthermore, the ratchet swing assembly includes an outer ratchet sleeve, a bearing is provided between the outer ratchet sleeve and the swing main shaft, the adaptive pressure regulating assembly includes a hydraulic chamber and a piston plate, the hydraulic chamber is fixed in the outer ratchet sleeve, the inner ring of the hydraulic chamber is evenly distributed with guide grooves, the piston plate is engaged and slidably arranged in the guide groove, a through hole 2 is provided on one side of the hydraulic chamber, a through hole 1 is provided on one side of the outer ratchet sleeve, and a rotating connecting disk is provided on the outside of the through hole 2 for rotation.

[0006] Through the design of the ratchet swing component, the outer ratchet sleeve and the inner ratchet sleeve can have a one-way transmission function, so that when the maintenance holding mechanism swings toward the outside, only the inner ratchet sleeve rotates, and when the maintenance holding mechanism swings toward the inside, it rotates with the outer ratchet sleeve, thereby achieving the technical effect of absorbing energy and quickly stabilizing the workpiece.

[0007] Through the liquid pressure inside the hydraulic chamber, the pressure of each group of friction damping components can be adjusted synchronously and evenly, thereby realizing the adjustment of the rotational resistance of the external ratchet sleeve, and further achieving the technical effect that the rotational resistance of the external ratchet sleeve needs to change with the change of the workpiece weight.

[0008] Furthermore, the friction damping assembly includes a pressure block, a pressure spring and a friction shoe. The pressure block is engaged and slidably arranged in a guide groove. A guide column is arrayed between the pressure block and the piston plate. The pressure spring is sleeved on the guide column. The pressure spring is arranged between the piston plate and the pressure block. The friction shoe is fixed to the swing main shaft, and the pressure block and the friction shoe are in sliding contact.

[0009] The pressure spring can transmit the liquid pressure exerted on the piston plate and press the pressure block against the friction shoe, thereby ensuring the rotational resistance of the outer ratchet sleeve. The method of transmitting the liquid pressure inside the hydraulic chamber through the pressure spring can also automatically perform position compensation when the friction shoe and the pressure block wear, thereby avoiding the problem of rapid drop in liquid pressure inside the hydraulic chamber when the pressure block wears and displaces when the piston plate and the pressure block are directly connected.

[0010] Furthermore, the gravity sensing mechanism includes a hydraulic sensing component and a frame component, and the hydraulic sensing component is symmetrically arranged in the frame component.

[0011] Preferably, the hydraulic sensing assembly includes a cylinder body, a telescopic rod, a telescopic spring and a conduit, the cylinder body is arranged in the frame assembly, the telescopic rod is slidably arranged in the cylinder body, the telescopic spring is arranged between the cylinder body and the telescopic rod, and the conduit is arranged between the cylinder body and the rotating connecting disk.

[0012] Through the hydraulic sensing component spanning between the two swinging spindles, the weight of the workpiece can be automatically sensed when the slider is unlocked, and the internal pressure of the hydraulic chamber can be adjusted according to the weight of the workpiece, thereby achieving the technical effect that the rotational resistance of the outer ratchet sleeve increases with the increase of the mass of the workpiece.

[0013] As a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the frame assembly includes a frame bracket and a beam bracket, the beam bracket is fixedly connected to the frame bracket, a lockable slider is slidably provided on the frame bracket, the swing spindle is fixedly connected to the slider, and the cylinder body is fixedly connected to the beam bracket.

[0014] Furthermore, the maintaining and holding mechanism includes a center wheel, which is fixed to the center position of the swing main shaft. The ratchet swing assembly also includes an inner ratchet sleeve and a torsion spring. The inner ratchet sleeve is rotatably arranged on the outer ratchet sleeve, and the torsion spring is arranged between the inner ratchet sleeve and the center wheel.

[0015] With the support of the support rollers, the workpiece can rotate on its own, making it easier to adjust the angle of the workpiece during the installation of parts such as keys and buckles.

[0016] Preferably, the maintaining and retaining mechanism also includes a strap assembly, which includes a wide strap, an electromagnetic lock, a thin strap, a retaining frame and a support roller. The wide strap is fixed to the inner ratchet sleeve and the center wheel, the electromagnetic lock is arranged between the wide strap and the thin strap, the retaining frame is arranged inside the thin strap, and the support roller is rotatably arranged in the retaining frame.

[0017] Furthermore, the shell bracket includes a bottom plate, a scissor-type lifting platform and a lifting plate, and the scissor-type lifting platform is arranged between the bottom plate and the lifting plate.

[0018] The beneficial effects achieved by the present invention using the above structure are as follows: (1) Through the design of the ratchet swing assembly, the outer ratchet sleeve and the inner ratchet sleeve can have a one-way transmission function, so that when the holding mechanism is swung toward the outside, only the inner ratchet sleeve rotates, and when the holding mechanism is swung toward the inside, the outer ratchet sleeve rotates together, thereby achieving the technical effect of absorbing energy and quickly stabilizing the workpiece.

[0019] (2) Through the hydraulic pressure inside the hydraulic chamber, the pressure of each group of friction damping components can be adjusted synchronously and evenly, thereby realizing the adjustment of the rotational resistance of the outer ratchet sleeve, and further realizing the technical effect that the rotational resistance of the outer ratchet sleeve needs to change with the change of the workpiece weight.

[0020] (3) The pressure spring can transmit the hydraulic pressure exerted on the piston plate and press the pressure block against the friction shoe, thereby ensuring the rotational resistance of the outer ratchet sleeve. By transmitting the hydraulic pressure inside the hydraulic chamber through the pressure spring, position compensation can be automatically performed when the friction shoe and the pressure block are worn, thereby avoiding the problem of rapid drop in the hydraulic pressure inside the hydraulic chamber when the pressure block is worn and displaced when the piston plate and the pressure block are directly connected.

[0021] (4) Through the hydraulic sensing component spanning between the two swinging spindles, the weight of the workpiece can be automatically sensed when the slider is unlocked, and the pressure inside the hydraulic chamber can be adjusted according to the weight of the workpiece, thereby achieving the technical effect that the rotational resistance of the outer ratchet sleeve increases as the mass of the workpiece increases.

[0022] (5) With the support of the support rollers, the workpiece can rotate on its own, making it easier to adjust the angle of the workpiece during the installation of parts such as keys and buckles. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional diagram of a main shaft assembly device for a split gearbox proposed by the present invention; Figure 2 This is a front view of a main shaft assembly device for a split gearbox proposed by the present invention; Figure 3 This is a left side view of a main shaft assembly device for a split gearbox proposed by the present invention; Figure 4 This is a top view of a main shaft assembly device for a split gearbox proposed by the present invention; Figure 5 for Figure 3 A cross-sectional view along the cutting line AA; Figure 6 for Figure 5 A cross-sectional view along the cutting line BB; Figure 7 for Figure 3 A cross-sectional view along the cutting line CC; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of a half-section structure of a main shaft assembly device for a split gearbox proposed by the present invention; Figure 9 for Figure 8 A partial enlarged view of point Ⅰ in the middle; Figure 10 for Figure 7 A partial enlarged view of the middle II; Figure 11 for Figure 6 A partial enlarged view of point III in the middle; Figure 12 Schematic diagram of the swing direction of the spindle workpiece.

[0024] Among them, 1. Swinging energy absorption mechanism, 2. Gravity sensing mechanism, 3. Maintaining mechanism, 4. Shell bracket, 5. Swinging spindle, 6. Ratchet swing assembly, 7. Adaptive pressure regulating assembly, 8. Friction damping assembly, 9. Bearing, 10. Outer ratchet sleeve, 11. Inner ratchet sleeve, 12. Torsion spring, 13. Hydraulic chamber, 14. Piston plate, 15. Rotating connecting plate, 16. Pressure block, 17. Pressure spring, 18. Friction shoe, 19. Through hole 1, 20. Guide Toward groove, 21. Through hole 2, 22. Guide column, 23. Hydraulic sensing component, 24. Frame assembly, 25. Cylinder, 26. Telescopic rod, 27. Telescopic spring, 28. Conduit, 29. Frame bracket, 30. Beam bracket, 31. Center wheel, 32. Strap assembly, 33. Wide strap, 34. Electromagnetic lock, 35. Thin strap, 36. Retaining frame, 37. Support roller, 38. Bottom plate, 39. Scissor-type lifting platform, 40. Lifting plate, 41. Slider.

[0025] The accompanying drawings are used to provide further understanding of the present invention and constitute a part of the specification. Together with the embodiments of the present invention, they are used to explain the present invention but do not constitute a limitation of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments; based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0027] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that terms such as "upper", "lower", "front", "back", "left", "right", "top", "bottom", "inside" and "outside" indicating directions or positional relationships are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific direction. Therefore, they should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0028] like Figures 1 to 11As shown, the present invention proposes a spindle assembly device for a split gearbox, including a swing energy absorption mechanism 1, a gravity sensing mechanism 2, a maintaining mechanism 3 and a housing bracket 4. The swing energy absorption mechanism 1 includes a swing spindle 5, a ratchet swing assembly 6, an adaptive pressure regulating assembly 7 and a friction damping assembly 8. The swing spindle 5 is fixedly connected to the gravity sensing mechanism 2, the ratchet swing assembly 6 is rotatably arranged on the swing spindle 5, the adaptive pressure regulating assembly 7 is fixedly connected to the inside of the ratchet swing assembly 6, and the friction damping assembly 8 is slidably arranged in the adaptive pressure regulating assembly 7; The maintaining mechanism 3 is provided on the swing main shaft 5 and the ratchet type swing assembly 6; The ratchet swing assembly 6 includes an outer ratchet sleeve 10, and a bearing 9 is provided between the outer ratchet sleeve 10 and the swing main shaft 5. The adaptive pressure regulating assembly 7 includes a hydraulic chamber 13 and a piston plate 14. The hydraulic chamber 13 is fixed to the outer ratchet sleeve 10. The inner ring of the hydraulic chamber 13 is evenly distributed with guide grooves 20. The piston plate 14 is engaged and slidably arranged in the guide groove 20. A through hole 21 is provided on one side of the hydraulic chamber 13, and a through hole 19 is provided on one side of the outer ratchet sleeve 10. A rotating connecting disk 15 is provided on the outside of the through hole 21 for rotation.

[0029] Through the design of the ratchet swing component 6, the outer ratchet sleeve 10 and the inner ratchet sleeve 11 can have a one-way transmission function, so that when the maintenance holding mechanism 3 is swung toward the outside, only the inner ratchet sleeve 11 rotates, and when the maintenance holding mechanism 3 is swung toward the inside, the outer ratchet sleeve 10 rotates together, thereby achieving the technical effect of absorbing energy and quickly stabilizing the workpiece.

[0030] Through the hydraulic pressure inside the hydraulic chamber 13, the pressure of each group of friction damping components 8 can be adjusted synchronously and evenly, thereby realizing the adjustment of the rotational resistance of the external ratchet sleeve 10, and further achieving the technical effect that the rotational resistance of the external ratchet sleeve 10 needs to change with the change of the workpiece weight.

[0031] The swing energy absorption mechanism 1 also includes a friction damping assembly 8, which includes a pressure block 16, a pressure spring 17 and a friction shoe 18. The pressure block 16 is engaged and slidably arranged in the guide groove 20. A guide column 22 is arranged in an array between the pressure block 16 and the piston plate 14. The pressure spring 17 is sleeved on the guide column 22. The pressure spring 17 is arranged between the piston plate 14 and the pressure block 16. The friction shoe 18 is fixed to the swing main shaft 5, and the pressure block 16 and the friction shoe 18 are in sliding contact with each other.

[0032] The pressure spring 17 can transmit the liquid pressure exerted on the piston plate 14, and press the pressure block 16 against the friction shoe 18, thereby ensuring the rotational resistance of the outer ratchet sleeve 10. The method of transmitting the liquid pressure inside the hydraulic chamber 13 through the pressure spring 17 can also automatically perform position compensation when the friction shoe 18 and the pressure block 16 wear, thereby avoiding the problem of a rapid drop in the liquid pressure inside the hydraulic chamber 13 when the pressure block 16 wears and displaces when the piston plate 14 and the pressure block 16 are directly connected.

[0033] The gravity sensing mechanism 2 includes a hydraulic sensing component 23 and a frame component 24 . The hydraulic sensing component 23 is symmetrically arranged in the frame component 24 .

[0034] The hydraulic sensing assembly 23 includes a cylinder body 25, a telescopic rod 26, a telescopic spring 27 and a conduit 28. The cylinder body 25 is arranged in the frame assembly 24, the telescopic rod 26 is slidably arranged in the cylinder body 25, the telescopic spring 27 is arranged between the cylinder body 25 and the telescopic rod 26, and the conduit 28 is arranged between the cylinder body 25 and the rotating connecting plate 15.

[0035] Through the hydraulic sensing component 23 spanning between the two swinging spindles 5, the weight of the workpiece can be automatically sensed when the slider 41 is unlocked, and the internal pressure of the hydraulic chamber 13 can be adjusted according to the weight of the workpiece, thereby achieving the technical effect that the rotational resistance of the outer ratchet sleeve 10 increases as the mass of the workpiece increases.

[0036] The frame assembly 24 includes a frame bracket 29 and a beam bracket 30. The beam bracket 30 is fixed to the frame bracket 29. A lockable slider 41 is slidably provided on the frame bracket 29. The swing main shaft 5 is fixed to the slider 41. The cylinder body 25 is fixed to the beam bracket 30.

[0037] The maintaining mechanism 3 includes a center wheel 31, which is fixed to the center position of the swing main shaft 5. The ratchet swing assembly 6 also includes an inner ratchet sleeve 11 and a torsion spring 12. The inner ratchet sleeve 11 is rotatably arranged on the outer ratchet sleeve 10, and the torsion spring 12 is arranged between the inner ratchet sleeve 11 and the center wheel 31.

[0038] With the support of the support rollers 37 , the workpiece can rotate on its own, thereby facilitating the adjustment of the angle of the workpiece during the installation of parts such as keys and buckles.

[0039] The maintaining and retaining mechanism 3 also includes a strap assembly 32, which includes a wide strap 33, an electromagnetic lock 34, a thin strap 35, a retaining frame 36 and a support roller 37. The wide strap 33 is fixed to the inner ratchet sleeve 11 and the center wheel 31, the electromagnetic lock 34 is arranged between the wide strap 33 and the thin strap 35, the retaining frame 36 is arranged inside the thin strap 35, and the support roller 37 is rotatably arranged in the retaining frame 36.

[0040] The housing support 4 includes a bottom plate 38 , a scissor-type lifting platform 39 and a lifting plate 40 . The scissor-type lifting platform 39 is disposed between the bottom plate 38 and the lifting plate 40 .

[0041] like Figure 12 As shown, the top circle represents the inner ratchet sleeve 11, the single arrow represents the direction of independent rotation of the inner ratchet sleeve 11, and the double arrow represents the direction of rotation of the inner ratchet sleeve 11 with the outer ratchet sleeve 10; the bottom circle represents the workpiece and the strap assembly 32, and the dotted line represents the position of the workpiece when it swings toward both sides; when the workpiece swings toward the left, the wide strap 33 on the right is stretched straight by the force, and the wide strap 33 on the left is relaxed. At this time, the inner ratchet sleeve 11 on the left rotates under the elastic force of the torsion spring 12, and the wide strap 33 on the left is subjected to force when the workpiece swings back. At this time, the kinetic energy of the workpiece can be absorbed by the rotational resistance of the outer ratchet sleeve 10, and the stable speed of the workpiece can be accelerated.

[0042] During specific use, the user first needs to wrap the workpiece with three sets of thin straps 35 and fix it through the electromagnetic lock 34. At this time, with the support of the support roller 37, the workpiece can rotate in the thin straps 35. When installing keys, buckles and other parts that need to be aligned, the angle can be adjusted by rotating the workpiece.

[0043] After the main shaft is installed, first unlock the slider 41 so that it can slide freely. The two swinging main shafts 5 will approach each other under the pull of the workpiece, and overcome the elastic force of the telescopic spring 27 to retract the telescopic rod 26 toward the cylinder body 25. At this time, the hydraulic pressure in the hydraulic chamber 13 will also increase, and the compression of the pressure spring 17 will increase, thereby increasing the clamping force between the pressure block 16 and the friction shoe 18, and the rotational resistance of the outer ratchet sleeve 10. The greater the mass of the workpiece, the greater the hydraulic pressure in the hydraulic chamber 13 and the rotational resistance of the outer ratchet sleeve 10. Then lock the slider 41 and the parts can be installed.

[0044] Since the spindle and parts are heavy, using a rigid frame limiter would significantly increase the impact on the frame and parts, affecting the service life of the equipment. This solution uses a flexible limiter to fix the workpiece. During the assembly process, the spindle will inevitably swing. When the main shaft swings to one side, the wide strap 33 on the same side is loosened, while the wide strap 33 on the opposite side is tightened. The inner ratchet sleeve 11 on the same side rotates under the elastic force of the torsion spring 12 and winds up the loose wide strap 33. At this time, the outer ratchet sleeve 10 does not rotate with the inner ratchet sleeve 11. The inner ratchet sleeve 11 on the opposite side also rotates under the pull of the wide strap 33, but the rotation angle is smaller than that on the same side. When the spindle swings back, the wide strap 33 that has been wound on the same side is stressed again and rotates with the inner ratchet sleeve 11. At this time, the outer ratchet sleeve 10 rotates along with the inner ratchet sleeve 11 and absorbs the kinetic energy of the workpiece through its own resistance, causing its speed to decrease when it swings to the lowest point. In summary, when the wide strap 33 swings toward the outside of the device, the inner ratchet sleeve 11 and the outer ratchet sleeve 10 rotate relative to each other, and the wide strap 33 is wrapped around by the torsion spring 12; when the wide strap 33 swings toward the inside of the device, the inner ratchet sleeve 11 and the outer ratchet sleeve 10 rotate synchronously, absorbing the kinetic energy of the main shaft swing, thereby accelerating the speed at which the main shaft returns to stability.

[0045] When the weight of the spindle increases significantly due to the installation of some parts, the slider 41 can be unlocked again. When the expansion and contraction and internal pressure of the hydraulic sensing component 23 correspond to the weight of the spindle again, the locking slider 41 can continue to be installed.

[0046] If the parts between the strap assemblies 32 need to be installed from the end, the strap assemblies 32 in the corresponding direction need to be temporarily removed. However, since there are still at least two sets of strap assemblies 32 binding the workpiece, the safety of the workpiece can still be maintained with the manual assistance of the operator.

[0047] After the parts are installed, the lifting plate 40 and the lower box of the gearbox are lifted to a suitable height by the scissor-type lifting platform 39, the main shaft is placed in the correct position of the box, and then the electromagnetic lock 34 is unlocked, and all the thin straps 35 can be removed.

[0048] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as first and second, etc., are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that includes a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not explicitly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0049] The present invention and its embodiments are described above. This description is not restrictive. The drawings show only one embodiment of the present invention, and the actual structure is not limited thereto. In short, if a person skilled in the art is inspired by this and, without departing from the purpose of the present invention, designs structures and embodiments similar to this technical solution without inventiveness, they shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A spindle assembly device for a split gearbox, characterized by: The invention comprises a swing energy absorption mechanism (1), a gravity sensing mechanism (2), a maintaining mechanism (3) and a shell bracket (4); the swing energy absorption mechanism (1) comprises a swing main shaft (5), a ratchet swing component (6), an adaptive pressure regulating component (7) and a friction damping component (8); the swing main shaft (5) is fixedly connected to the gravity sensing mechanism (2); the ratchet swing component (6) is rotatably arranged on the swing main shaft (5); the adaptive pressure regulating component (7) is fixedly connected to the inside of the ratchet swing component (6); and the friction damping component (8) is slidably arranged in the adaptive pressure regulating component (7); The maintaining and holding mechanism (3) is provided on the swing main shaft (5) and the ratchet type swing assembly (6); The ratchet-type swing assembly (6) includes an outer ratchet sleeve (10), a bearing (9) is provided between the outer ratchet sleeve (10) and the swing main shaft (5), and the adaptive pressure regulating assembly (7) includes a hydraulic chamber (13) and a piston plate (14), the hydraulic chamber (13) is fixed in the outer ratchet sleeve (10), the inner ring of the hydraulic chamber (13) is uniformly provided with guide grooves (20), the piston plate (14) is engaged and slidably provided in the guide groove (20), a through hole 2 (21) is provided on one side of the hydraulic chamber (13), a through hole 1 (19) is provided on one side of the outer ratchet sleeve (10), and a rotating connecting disk (15) is provided on the outside of the through hole 2 (21).

2. The main shaft assembly device of a split-type gearbox according to claim 1, characterized in that: The friction damping assembly (8) includes a pressure block (16), a pressure spring (17) and a friction shoe (18), wherein the pressure block (16) is engaged and slidably arranged in a guide groove (20), a guide column (22) is arranged in an array between the pressure block (16) and the piston plate (14), the pressure spring (17) is sleeved on the guide column (22), the pressure spring (17) is arranged between the piston plate (14) and the pressure block (16), the friction shoe (18) is fixed to the swing main shaft (5), and the pressure block (16) and the friction shoe (18) are in sliding contact.

3. The main shaft assembly device of a split-type gearbox according to claim 2, characterized in that: The gravity sensing mechanism (2) comprises a hydraulic sensing component (23) and a frame component (24), wherein the hydraulic sensing component (23) is symmetrically arranged in the frame component (24).

4. The main shaft assembly device of a split-type gearbox according to claim 3, characterized in that: The hydraulic sensing assembly (23) comprises a cylinder (25), a telescopic rod (26), a telescopic spring (27) and a conduit (28); the cylinder (25) is arranged in the frame assembly (24); the telescopic rod (26) is slidably arranged in the cylinder (25); the telescopic spring (27) is arranged between the cylinder (25) and the telescopic rod (26); and the conduit (28) is arranged between the cylinder (25) and the rotating connecting disk (15).

5. The main shaft assembly device of a split-type gearbox according to claim 4, characterized in that: The frame assembly (24) includes a frame bracket (29) and a crossbeam bracket (30), wherein the crossbeam bracket (30) is fixedly connected to the frame bracket (29), a lockable slider (41) is slidably provided on the frame bracket (29), the swing main shaft (5) is fixedly connected to the slider (41), and the cylinder body (25) is fixedly connected to the crossbeam bracket (30).

6. The main shaft assembly device of a split-type gearbox according to claim 5, characterized in that: The maintaining mechanism (3) includes a center wheel (31), which is fixed to the center position of the swing main shaft (5). The ratchet swing assembly (6) also includes an inner ratchet sleeve (11) and a torsion spring (12). The inner ratchet sleeve (11) is rotatably arranged on the outer ratchet sleeve (10), and the torsion spring (12) is arranged between the inner ratchet sleeve (11) and the center wheel (31).

7. The main shaft assembly device of a split-type gearbox according to claim 6, characterized in that: The maintaining and holding mechanism (3) further includes a strap assembly (32), the strap assembly (32) including a wide strap (33), an electromagnetic lock (34), a thin strap (35), a retaining frame (36) and a support roller (37), the wide strap (33) being fixed to the inner ratchet sleeve (11) and the center wheel (31), the electromagnetic lock (34) being arranged between the wide strap (33) and the thin strap (35), the retaining frame (36) being arranged inside the thin strap (35), and the support roller (37) being rotatably arranged in the retaining frame (36).

8. The main shaft assembly device of a split-type gearbox according to claim 7, characterized in that: The shell support (4) comprises a bottom plate (38), a scissor-type lifting platform (39) and a lifting plate (40), wherein the scissor-type lifting platform (39) is arranged between the bottom plate (38) and the lifting plate (40).

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