Intelligent drainage system adaptive to stray current and method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a stray current self-adaptive intelligent drainage system and a stray current self-adaptive intelligent drainage method, and relates to the technical field of power lines of electric vehicles or devices along rails. Comprising a potential monitoring system and a drainage ground bed system, the potential monitoring system comprises an instantaneous potential recorder and a reference electrode, one end of the instantaneous potential recorder is connected with an automatic control system, the other end of the instantaneous potential recorder is connected with the reference electrode, and the reference electrode is located on the ground surface above the top end of a pipeline. The drainage ground bed system comprises a polar drainage device and a plurality of sacrificial anodes, the polar drainage device is connected with the sacrificial anodes through sacrificial anode cables, and the automatic control system receives data of the potential monitoring system and controls the drainage ground bed system. The problems that in the prior art, dynamic working condition self-adaptive drainage cannot be achieved, remote intelligent monitoring is lacked, drainage energy consumption is too high, and corrosion protection is simplified are solved, and the purposes of accurate suppression of stray current, cooperation of multi-stage corrosion protection and dynamic optimization of energy consumption are achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of power supply lines of electric vehicles or devices along tracks, and in particular to a conductive or insulating device configured along a vehicle track or at a joint thereof. Background Art

[0002] In the current context of globalization, the rapid development of urban rail transit has become a key hallmark of infrastructure development in various countries. In urban planning, the layout of rail transit and underground pipelines typically follows a right-of-way priority strategy. However, the diversity of geographical conditions has led to the coexistence of numerous steel underground pipelines adjacent to rail transit lines. Because the rails of power transmission lines in rail transit systems are not completely insulated from the earth, current inevitably flows into the soil, forming stray currents. This poses a significant challenge to adjacent metal pipelines due to dynamic interference corrosion. Dynamic DC interference, distinguished from the widely studied AC interference by its significant large-cycle alternating fluctuations, causes bidirectional flow of interference current at the damaged point of metal pipelines, resulting in a relatively slow alternating polarization effect between the cathode and anode at the metal interface, thus affecting the integrity and service life of the pipeline. Existing technologies often use fixed parameter settings for monitoring and draining stray currents, which cannot be dynamically adjusted according to real-time operating conditions. Therefore, it is of great significance to develop a stray current drainage system that can monitor and intelligently control the system in real time, and adapt to complex operating conditions.

[0003] For example, Chinese patent publication number CN101670791B discloses a subway stray current drain device and provides the following technical solution: The subway stray current drain device comprises a drain inlet terminal, a busbar, a control circuit, and a drain circuit. The control circuit comprises a signal acquisition circuit, a microcontroller, and an IGBT driver circuit. During use, the device collects the potential of the steel bars of the drain network structure and the potential of a reference electrode in real time. The microcontroller takes the difference between the two potentials and compares the difference with a reference voltage. When the comparison value is greater than 0.5V, a program within the microcontroller calculates the required IGBT duty cycle change based on the difference between the comparison value and 0.5V, and issues a control signal to change the IGBT duty cycle through the IGBT driver circuit, thereby automatically changing the resistance of the current limiting resistor. This enables the subway current drain device to drain current in a timely and effective manner, minimizing the harm caused by stray current, ensuring the safe operation of the subway, and effectively reducing the corrosion of structural steel bars along the subway line caused by stray current. However, the above-mentioned subway stray current discharge device lacks dynamic discharge strategies and multi-level interference intelligent classification processing capabilities, and does not have polarization probes and sacrificial anodes. It only relies on local IGBT chopper resistors and fixed reference electrodes, and lacks wireless Internet of Things and cathodic protection collaborative design. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention solves the problems in the prior art of being unable to achieve adaptive drainage under dynamic working conditions, lacking remote intelligent monitoring, excessive drainage energy consumption and single corrosion protection, and proposes an intelligent drainage system and method for adaptive stray current, achieving the goals of precise suppression of stray current, multi-level corrosion protection coordination and dynamic optimization of energy consumption.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: An intelligent drainage system for adaptive stray currents includes: a potential monitoring system and a drainage groundbed system. The potential monitoring system includes a transient potential recorder and a reference electrode. One end of the transient potential recorder is connected to an automatic control system, and the other end is connected to the reference electrode. The reference electrode is located on the ground surface above the top of the pipeline. The drainage groundbed system includes a polarity drainer and several sacrificial anodes. The polarity drainer is connected to the sacrificial anodes via a sacrificial anode cable. The automatic control system receives data from the potential monitoring system and controls the drainage groundbed system.

[0006] It achieves seamless connection between potential monitoring and drainage execution. By accurately positioning the reference electrode and structuring the layout of drainage components, it ensures that the system has both high-precision monitoring capabilities and fast-response drainage functions.

[0007] An intelligent current draining method for adaptive stray current includes the following steps: S1: System initialization, transient potential recorder monitors and transmits to automatic control system; S2: The automatic control system generates a drainage strategy and determines whether to drain the circuit based on the potential offset. S3: After drainage is turned on, a dynamic drainage strategy is generated according to the subway status, and the drainage intensity is automatically rated and adjusted according to the degree of potential deviation; S4: Automatically issue an early warning and record data, automatically optimize the drainage strategy and return to step S2.

[0008] The control method realizes closed-loop control of monitoring-decision-execution-optimization, and combines the multi-strategy mode of subway operation status to significantly improve the system's adaptability to dynamic interference.

[0009] Preferably, the transient potential recorder is connected to the test piece via a polarization probe, the measuring end of the polarization probe is directly connected to the test piece, measures the polarization potential change of the test piece and transmits the data to the transient potential recorder.

[0010] This design ensures accurate measurement of the polarization potential of the test piece through a series installation structure, and effectively prevents measurement errors caused by interference.

[0011] Preferably, the polarity drainer includes a polarity drainer protective box and a polarity drainer pile body, which are connected by a drainage cable and a sacrificial anode cable. The polarity drainer pile body is connected to the pipeline through the drainage cable, and the polarity drainer pile body is connected to each sacrificial anode through an anode lead-out cable. The polarity drainer has unidirectional conductivity.

[0012] The modular design enables reliable packaging and convenient maintenance of the drainage device, and the cable connection method ensures the stability of high current transmission, meeting the long-term operation requirements under complex working conditions.

[0013] Preferably, an interrupter is provided between the instantaneous potential recorder and the automatic control system. The automatic control system is further connected to a test pile installed on the ground above the pipeline.

[0014] The setting of the interrupter ensures the continuity of data collection, and the surface installation of the test pile facilitates on-site inspection and maintenance, forming a complete monitoring-control-maintenance closed-loop system.

[0015] Preferably, the automatic control system consists of low-power wireless sensors, gateways, a cloud platform, and mobile applications. The low-power wireless sensors use LoRa communication and are responsible for collecting data and transmitting it to the gateway. The gateway forwards the data to the cloud platform for storage and analysis. The mobile application provides a user interaction interface for real-time monitoring and alarm.

[0016] The combination of LoRa communication technology and cloud architecture enables low-power data transmission under wide-area coverage, and the mobile terminal interaction design significantly improves operation and maintenance response speed and system manageability.

[0017] Preferably, the sacrificial anode includes an anode body, the anode body is filled with a filler bag placed in the center of the filler bag, the filler bag is fully mixed and completely covers the sacrificial anode body, and the outside of the filler bag is covered with a cotton bag.

[0018] The double-layer protection structure uses precisely proportioned filler bags and physically isolated cotton bags to ensure the effective release of anode active substances while preventing direct erosion of the anode body by the soil environment.

[0019] Preferably, the sacrificial anode is a magnesium alloy anode, the buried depth of the sacrificial anode is greater than or equal to 1.5m, the distance between the sacrificial anode and the pipeline is greater than or equal to 1m, the net distance between the sacrificial anodes is greater than 2m, the thickness of the stuffing package around the sacrificial anode is greater than 100mm, and the mass percentage of the internal components of the stuffing package is gypsum powder: bentonite: sodium sulfate = 75:20:5.

[0020] The combination of scientific spatial layout and optimized filler package ratio enables the anode system to form an effective current distribution network and maintain the optimal electrochemical reaction environment through specific electrolyte ratio.

[0021] Preferably, step S2 includes the following steps: S2.1: the automatic control system generates a drainage strategy and determines whether the subway allows it. If so, it goes to step S2.3; if not, it goes to step S2.2; S2.2: it stops draining until the subway operates normally and returns to step S1; S2.3: it determines whether the potential offset exceeds the threshold. If so, it goes to step S3; if not, it loops step S2.3.

[0022] The hierarchical decision-making mechanism ensures the synchronization of drainage action and subway operation through dual condition judgment, and avoids false triggering through threshold cycle detection, ensuring the economy and reliability of system operation.

[0023] Preferably, in step S3, generating a dynamic drainage strategy based on the subway state specifically includes: enhancing drainage in the entire pipeline when the subway accelerates, enhancing drainage at both ends of the pipeline when the subway is at a constant speed, and enhancing drainage in the middle pipeline when the subway decelerates. Automatic rating based on potential specifically includes: a potential deviation degree of less than 20mV is weak interference, 20-200mV is medium interference, and greater than or equal to 200mV is strong interference.

[0024] The dynamic strategy mapping mechanism accurately links the train kinematic parameters with the corrosion risk level, and achieves the optimal allocation of protection resources through dual regulation of spatial and intensity dimensions.

[0025] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects.

[0026] 1. This invention utilizes high-precision sensors and an automatic control system to monitor potential changes along the rail transit line and surrounding facilities in real time. It dynamically adjusts the drainage strategy based on the subway's operating status (acceleration, constant speed, deceleration, or suspension), ensuring precise drainage under various operating conditions and effectively reducing the risk of stray current corrosion on metal pipes.

[0027] 2. The system is equipped with a remote monitoring module and self-learning algorithms, enabling intelligent analysis based on real-time data, continuously optimizing drainage strategies to adapt to complex and changing operating conditions. Furthermore, the system supports remote data viewing, parameter adjustment, and fault diagnosis, enhancing the system's intelligence and operational efficiency.

[0028] 3. The system automatically adjusts drainage intensity based on the subway's operating status and automatically disables drainage during subway outages, avoiding resource waste during non-operating periods and achieving energy-saving operation. Furthermore, the system reduces unnecessary energy consumption and improves overall energy efficiency through dynamic drainage strategy optimization.

[0029] 4. Through precise stray current drainage and dynamic protection strategies, the present invention effectively reduces the risk of stray current corrosion on surrounding oil and gas pipelines, extends the service life of metal pipelines, reduces maintenance and replacement costs, and provides a reliable protection solution for rail transit and surrounding infrastructure.

[0030] 5. The system adopts a modular design, which simplifies the installation and maintenance process. It is also equipped with an automatic early warning function, which can promptly alarm and record data in abnormal situations, facilitating subsequent maintenance and upgrades, and reducing the difficulty and cost of operation and maintenance. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a drainage bed system of an intelligent drainage system that is adaptive to stray currents according to the present invention.

[0032] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a potential monitoring system of an intelligent current drainage system that is adaptive to stray currents according to the present invention.

[0033] Figure 3 This is an enlarged view of the sacrificial anode of an intelligent current drainage system that adapts to stray currents according to the present invention.

[0034] Figure 4 This is a flow chart of an intelligent current draining method for adaptive stray current according to the present invention.

[0035] Illustration: 1. Polarity drain box, 2. Cable sign, 3. Sacrificial anode cable, 4. Drain cable, 5. Polarity drain pile, 6. Cable and pipe welding point, 7. Anode lead cable, 8. Cable connection point, 9. Sacrificial anode, 9.1 Stuffing bag, 9.2 Cotton bag, 9.3 Anode body. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present disclosure more apparent, embodiments of the present disclosure are described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The proportions of the components herein are not drawn to scale, and the proportions and dimensions shown in the accompanying drawings are not intended to limit the essential technical solutions of the present disclosure. These embodiments do not describe all details in detail, nor do they limit the present disclosure to the specific embodiments described.

[0037] See also Figure 1-4As shown, an intelligent drainage system for adaptive stray current includes: a potential monitoring system and a drainage bed system. The potential monitoring system includes a transient potential recorder and a reference electrode. One end of the transient potential recorder is connected to an automatic control system, and the other end is connected to the reference electrode. The reference electrode is located on the ground surface above the top of the pipeline. The drainage bed system includes a polarity drainer and several sacrificial anodes. The polarity drainer is connected to the sacrificial anode via a sacrificial anode cable. The automatic control system receives data from the potential monitoring system and controls the drainage bed system.

[0038] An intelligent current draining method for adaptive stray current includes the following steps: S1: System initialization, transient potential recorder monitors and transmits to automatic control system; S2: The automatic control system generates a drainage strategy and determines whether to drain the circuit based on the potential offset. S3: After drainage is turned on, a dynamic drainage strategy is generated according to the subway status, and the drainage intensity is automatically rated and adjusted according to the degree of potential deviation; S4: Automatically issue an early warning and record data, automatically optimize the drainage strategy and return to step S2.

[0039] like Figure 1 In one embodiment shown, Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the drainage bed system of an intelligent drainage system that is adaptive to stray currents of the present invention. The potential monitoring system of the present invention is composed of a transient potential recorder, a reference electrode, a polarization probe, a test piece and an automatic control system. The transient potential recorder adopts a uDL2 type dual-channel high-precision data recorder, one end of which is connected to the automatic control system through an interrupter, and the other end is connected to the reference electrode. The recorder can continuously monitor the on-off potential at the test pile for 24 hours and transmit the data to the central control unit in real time. The test piece is made of X80 steel with an exposed area of 5.29 cm². After the wire is welded on the back, it is encapsulated with epoxy resin. The unencapsulated surface is finely polished to a bright state with no visible scratches on the surface to ensure the standardization of the measurement contact surface.

[0040] The reference electrode utilizes a copper / copper sulfate (CSE) structure, consisting of a pure copper electrode and a saturated copper sulfate solution. Ion exchange with the external environment is achieved through a microporous ceramic plug or ion-permeable membrane. The electrode's installation location is strictly limited to a moist surface area directly above the pipe top. Operating parameters require a current density not exceeding 5μA / cm² and a potential drift within ±30mV. The polarization probe, a key measurement component, is installed in series between the test piece and the transient potential recorder. Its measuring end directly contacts the test piece surface, detecting polarization potential changes in real time and converting them into electrical signals for transmission to the recorder.

[0041] The automatic control system utilizes a three-tiered data transmission architecture: the field layer comprises LoRa low-power wireless sensors, which collect electrical potential data and transmit it to a gateway device via wireless communication. The network layer gateway forwards this data to a cloud platform for centralized storage, analysis, and processing. The application layer provides real-time monitoring, historical data query, and abnormality alarms through a mobile interface. A test pile, acting as a ground access node, is installed above the pipeline surface, with a built-in cable connection port forming an electrical circuit with the pipeline itself.

[0042] During system operation, the uDL2 recorder continuously receives potential signals from the polarization probe and simultaneously collects the baseline potential value of the reference electrode. These two sets of data undergo internal analog-to-digital conversion within the recorder and are then transmitted to the automatic control system via an interrupter. The cloud platform performs trend analysis on the received potential data. If a threshold is exceeded, the mobile application immediately triggers a multi-level alarm mechanism and automatically adjusts the drainage bed system's operating parameters. All monitoring data is timestamped and stored in a cloud database, allowing for multi-dimensional retrieval based on time period, measurement point location, and other criteria.

[0043] The system achieves precise monitoring through the collaborative work of multiple components: the reference electrode provides a stable potential reference, the test strip simulates the electrochemical properties of the pipeline metal surface, the polarization probe captures the polarization potential fluctuations caused by the test strip affected by stray currents, the uDL2 recorder completes data acquisition and preliminary processing, and finally the automatic control system realizes the linkage control of monitoring data and drainage equipment.

[0044] like Figure 2 In one embodiment shown, Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the potential monitoring system of an intelligent drainage system that is adaptive to stray currents in the present invention. The drainage bed system of the present invention is composed of a polarity drainer, a sacrificial anode array and an automatic control system, and each component operates in coordination in accordance with strict technical specifications. The polarity drainer adopts the BX-SSD / EX-L100 type equipment, and its core structure includes two main units: a protective box and a pile body: a control circuit module is installed in the protective box, and the pile body serves as a mechanical support structure, and the two are connected by a drainage cable and a sacrificial anode cable. The pile body is directly connected to the protected pipeline through the drainage cable to form the main current channel, and is respectively connected to each sacrificial anode through an anode lead-out cable. The drainer has a unidirectional conductive characteristic, which only allows stray current to be discharged from the pipeline through the drainage cable, effectively preventing secondary corrosion of the pipeline by current backflow. The cable is connected by copper pipe clamp connection, and hot melt adhesive and cable heat shrink sleeve are used at the connection point for anti-corrosion sealing.

[0045] The automatic control system utilizes a human-machine interface built on MCGS configuration software, enabling visual monitoring of equipment status and parameter setting. The control logic is developed using the LabVIEW platform, integrating a data acquisition card and PLC module for real-time control. The system has two-level linkage thresholds: When a positive offset of 20mV or greater in the pipe-to-ground potential relative to the natural potential is detected, or when a soil potential gradient of 0.5mV / m or greater is detected, the drainage function is automatically triggered.

[0046] like Figure 3 In one embodiment shown, Figure 3 This is an enlarged view of the sacrificial anode of an intelligent drainage system for adaptive stray currents according to the present invention. The sacrificial anode system uses a magnesium alloy anode body. The size of a single anode body is made according to standard specifications. The burial depth is strictly controlled to be ≥1.5m, the horizontal spacing from the pipeline is ≥1m, and the net spacing between the anode bodies is ≥2m. Before installing the anode body, the waterproof packaging material must be thoroughly removed. The filler bag is dry-mixed according to the mass ratio of gypsum powder: bentonite: sodium sulfate = 75:20:5. Water is added and stirred until it becomes a uniform paste, and then the anode body is wrapped. The thickness of the filling layer is ≥100mm, and it is required to completely cover the surface of the anode body. After wrapping, the anode assembly is placed in a cotton bag and then buried. The horizontal continuous ground bed is arranged parallel to the direction of the pipeline, and the width of the excavated trench bottom is ≥0.3m to ensure that the anode group continues to work in a humid environment.

[0047] like Figure 4 In one embodiment shown, Figure 4This is a flow chart of the adaptive stray current intelligent drainage method of the present invention. After system initialization, all-weather potential monitoring is initiated using a transient potential recorder, and real-time data is transmitted to the automatic control system. Upon receiving this data, the automatic control system first generates a basic drainage strategy and then implements a dual-judgment mechanism: First, it verifies whether the subway system is in a permitted drainage state. If operational restrictions exist, the drainage operation is immediately terminated and monitoring continues until the permitted state is restored. If operational authorization is granted, the system enters the potential offset analysis phase, continuously monitoring whether the pipeline-to-ground potential exceeds a preset threshold (20mV offset or 0.5mV / m gradient). When excessive interference is detected, the system implements dynamic drainage control based on the subway's real-time operating conditions. During the train's acceleration phase, the system initiates maximum drainage intensity across the entire pipeline. During uniform speed operation, it focuses on key protection at both ends of the pipeline. During deceleration, it switches to enhanced drainage in the middle section. Furthermore, a three-level interference rating is calculated based on the potential offset: an offset less than 20mV is considered weak interference, maintaining baseline drainage; an offset between 20-200mV initiates medium-level enhanced drainage; and a high-interference emergency mode is activated if the offset exceeds 200mV. The system continuously records operational data during the drainage process. When abnormal operating conditions are detected, a multi-level warning mechanism is triggered and an event log is generated. Simultaneously, a self-learning algorithm optimizes drainage parameter configuration, automatically returning to the initial detection phase upon completion of optimization to form a closed-loop control. The entire process follows a four-stage cycle: subway status perception, potential threshold determination, dynamic intensity adjustment, and data feedback optimization, enabling continuous iteration and precise execution of drainage strategies.

[0048] In another embodiment, the present invention is performed according to the following steps under complex working conditions of dynamic DC stray current interference: 1. Installation of pipe-to-ground potential monitoring device: (1) Required instruments and materials: Transient potential recorder; reference electrode shall adopt CSE and shall meet the following requirements: a. The allowable current density flowing through CSE is not greater than 5μA / cm2; b. Potential drift cannot exceed 30mV.

[0049] (2) Operation procedures: a. Instrument wiring see Figure 1 ; b. The polarization probe should be installed in series with the test piece and the transient potential recorder, located between the test piece and the transient potential recorder. The measuring end of the polarization probe should be directly connected to the test piece to ensure that the polarization potential changes of the test piece can be accurately measured and the data can be transmitted to the transient potential recorder. c. The automatic control system is connected to a transient potential recorder, which collects the potential data of the test piece and transmits the data in real time to the central control unit of the automatic control system. The automatic control system has 24-hour uninterrupted monitoring, automatic drainage, remote monitoring, and self-learning optimization functions. It can enhance drainage intensity when the subway accelerates, protect both ends of the pipeline at a constant speed, focus on protecting the middle area during deceleration, and automatically shut down the drainage function during shutdown to achieve energy-saving operation.

[0050] d. Above the pipeline (or sacrificial anode), dig a deep pit about 1m away from the test point along the direction of the pipeline to expose the pipe body (or sacrificial anode) for placing the reference electrode. Place the reference electrode on the soil in the pit 3 to 5cm away from the pipe wall (or sacrificial anode). The anti-corrosion layer of the pipeline directly below the reference electrode should be removed to expose the pipe body.

[0051] (3) Notes: a. The CES reference electrode should be installed above the top of the pipe; b. The CSE reference electrode should be placed selectively on a moist surface.

[0052] 2. Drainage bed installation: (1) Required instruments and materials: Cables, sacrificial anodes, filler bags, cotton bags, piles, polarity drainers.

[0053] (2) Operation procedures: a. Instrument wiring see Figure 2 ; b. First, excavate the groundbed, ensuring the trench size and depth meet design requirements, with a minimum trench bottom width of 0.3 meters. Prepackaged magnesium alloy sacrificial anodes are then placed in the trench and immersed in water to activate the anodes, ensuring full contact with the surrounding soil and allowing them to begin operation. Next, install polarized drains with unidirectional conductivity, ensuring proper connection to the sacrificial anodes and the protected pipeline. Finally, perform a ground resistance test to verify that the grounding performance of the drainage groundbed meets pre-determined standards, ensuring the effectiveness and reliability of the entire drainage system.

[0054] (3) Notes: a. The buried depth of magnesium alloy anodes should be ≥1.5m. The horizontal distance between the anode and the pipeline can be flexibly determined according to the actual situation on site, but the spacing between the anode and the pipeline should be ≥1m, and should not damage existing optical cables or other buried structures. Magnesium alloy anodes should be arranged in a straight line, and the net distance between anodes should be greater than 2m; b. When excavating the drainage bed, manual or mechanical excavation should be selected based on the actual site conditions and pipeline protection principles. The trench bottom excavation width should be no less than 0.3m. During the drainage bed excavation process, drainage, support and other construction measures should be considered based on the actual site conditions. Protective measures such as adding baffles and increasing the excavation area should be appropriately taken according to the actual site conditions to avoid accidents caused by pit wall collapse. At the same time, factors such as the trench bottom working width, the soil piles on both sides of the trench top, and the escape routes should be fully considered; c. Before installing the sacrificial anode, all waterproof packaging materials of the sacrificial anode should be removed, and the anode should be filled with a stuffing bag. The formula of the stuffing bag is: gypsum powder: bentonite: sodium sulfate = 75:20:5 (mass percentage). The anode should be placed in the center of the stuffing bag, and it should be ensured that the stuffing bag is fully mixed and completely covers the anode body. The thickness of the stuffing bag around the sacrificial anode is greater than 100mm; use cloth bags for backfilling, and it is strictly forbidden to use chemical fiber fabrics for pre-packaging. The stuffing bag should be mixed evenly and must not be mixed with stones, soil, weeds, etc. Tie the bag mouth with a rope, and carefully place the bag and the anode into the bottom of the ditch. During the construction process, the anode lead cable must not be used to lift or pull the anode. Then fill the stuffing bag with water to make it saturated, and finally backfill with fine soil, tamp it, and restore the landform; d. After the anodes are placed in the trench, the lead cables of each anode are connected in series with the drainage cable and connected by copper pipe clamps. The connection points are sealed with hot melt adhesive and cable heat shrink sleeves for corrosion protection. e. Each drainage bed uses 8 block magnesium alloy anodes.

[0055] 3. Automatic control system configuration steps: (1) Install low-power wireless sensors: using LoRa communication technology, integrating reference electrodes and potential acquisition modules.

[0056] (2) Configure the gateway and cloud platform: Install the gateway device to ensure that it can receive sensor data and forward it to the cloud platform; configure the cloud platform and set parameters for data storage, analysis, and processing; ensure that the gateway and cloud platform support multiple communication protocols to accommodate different sensors and devices.

[0057] (3) Develop mobile applications: Design the user interface and functions of mobile applications, including real-time monitoring, parameter adjustment, and fault diagnosis; develop mobile applications to ensure that they can interact with the cloud platform for data; test the functions and performance of mobile applications to ensure their stability and reliability.

[0058] (4) Programming automation process: Developed using the LabVIEW platform, its graphical programming function is used to automate data acquisition, processing, and control logic.

[0059] 4. System debugging and operation: The debugging and operation process of the adaptive stray current intelligent drainage system is shown in Figure 1 .

[0060] (1) Monitoring and data collection: The adaptive stray current intelligent drainage system of the present invention first performs system initialization, and then deploys high-precision transient potential recorders to conduct 24-hour uninterrupted potential monitoring. These transient potential recorders cover key facilities along and around the rail transit line, ensuring that potential changes can be captured in real time. The monitoring data is transmitted to the central control unit in real time, providing basic information for subsequent analysis and drainage strategy adjustment.

[0061] (2) Interference Detection and Automatic Drainage: The central control unit analyzes the received data. When it detects that the ground potential of the pipe near the interference source deviates by more than 20mV from the natural potential, or the soil potential gradient near the pipeline is greater than 0.5mV / m, the system confirms the presence of DC interference. At this time, the system evaluates the interference level according to Table 1 and adjusts the drainage intensity accordingly, automatically turning on the corresponding drainage function to deal with the detected DC interference.

[0062] (3) Dynamic drainage strategy adjustment: The system dynamically generates drainage strategies based on the subway's operating status (acceleration, constant speed, deceleration, and shutdown). When the subway is accelerating, the drainage intensity is increased to protect the pipelines. When the subway is running at a constant speed, the two ends of the pipelines are protected. When the subway is decelerating, the center area is protected. When the subway is shut down, the drainage function is automatically turned off to achieve energy-saving operation. The intelligent drainage module adjusts the drainage path and intensity based on these dynamic strategies to ensure accurate and effective drainage.

[0063] (4) Remote monitoring and intelligent optimization: The system is equipped with a remote monitoring module that supports real-time data viewing, parameter adjustment, and fault diagnosis. Operators can remotely monitor the system status through mobile applications. In addition, the system continuously optimizes the drainage strategy through self-learning algorithms to adapt to changing working conditions. In abnormal situations, the system can automatically issue warnings and record data to facilitate subsequent maintenance and upgrades, ensuring that the system can continuously and effectively reduce the risk of stray current corrosion on surrounding oil and gas pipelines, achieving efficient, energy-saving, and reliable protection.

[0064] In summary, the present invention proposes an adaptive stray current intelligent drainage system and method for complex operating conditions. Using high-precision sensors, the system monitors potential changes along rail transit lines and surrounding facilities in real time, dynamically adjusting the drainage strategy based on the subway's operating status (acceleration, constant speed, deceleration, and suspension). After system initialization, the sensors begin 24-hour uninterrupted monitoring and transmit the data in real time to a central control unit. The central control unit analyzes the received potential and current data. If the pipe-to-ground potential near the interference source deviates from the natural potential by more than 20mV, or if the soil potential gradient near the pipeline exceeds 0.5mV / m, the system identifies DC interference and automatically activates the drainage function. The system then automatically rates and adjusts the drainage intensity based on the degree of pipe-to-ground potential deviation (less than 20mV for weak interference, 20-200mV for moderate interference, and 200mV or more for strong interference). At the same time, the system generates a dynamic drainage strategy based on the subway's operating status (acceleration, constant speed, deceleration, and shutdown): when the subway accelerates, the drainage intensity is enhanced to protect the pipelines; when the subway is at a constant speed, the two ends of the pipelines are protected; when the subway is decelerated, the middle area is protected; when the subway is shut down, the drainage function is automatically turned off to achieve energy-saving operation. The intelligent drainage module dynamically adjusts the drainage path and intensity according to the strategy to ensure accurate drainage. The system is equipped with a remote monitoring module that supports real-time data viewing, parameter adjustment, and fault diagnosis, and continuously optimizes the drainage strategy through a self-learning algorithm. In addition, the system automatically issues warnings and records data in abnormal situations to facilitate maintenance and upgrades. Through this intelligent monitoring and drainage process, the present invention can effectively reduce the risk of corrosion of surrounding oil and gas pipelines caused by stray currents, achieving efficient, energy-saving, and reliable protection.

[0065] The present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments. Regardless of any changes in shape or material composition, any structural design provided by the present invention is a variation of the present invention and should be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An intelligent current drainage system for adaptive stray current, characterized in that: include: A potential monitoring system and a drainage ground bed system, wherein the potential monitoring system comprises a transient potential recorder and a reference electrode, wherein one end of the transient potential recorder is connected to an automatic control system and the other end is connected to a reference electrode, wherein the reference electrode is located on the ground surface above the top of a pipeline, wherein the drainage ground bed system comprises a polarity drainer and a plurality of sacrificial anodes (9), wherein the polarity drainer is connected to the sacrificial anodes (9) via a sacrificial anode cable (3), and wherein the automatic control system receives data from the potential monitoring system and controls the drainage ground bed system.

2. The intelligent current draining system for adaptive stray current according to claim 1, characterized in that: The transient potential recorder is connected to the test piece via a polarization probe. The measuring end of the polarization probe is directly connected to the test piece to measure the polarization potential change of the test piece and transmit the data to the transient potential recorder.

3. The intelligent current draining system for adaptive stray current according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The polarity drainer comprises a polarity drain protection box (1) and a polarity drainer pile body (5), which are connected via a drain cable (4) and a sacrificial anode cable (3). The polarity drainer pile body (5) is connected to a pipeline via the drain cable (4). The polarity drainer pile body (5) is connected to each sacrificial anode (9) via an anode lead-out cable (7). The polarity drainer has unidirectional conductivity.

4. The intelligent current draining system for adaptive stray current according to claim 3, characterized in that: An interrupter is provided between the instantaneous potential recorder and the automatic control system. The automatic control system is also connected to a test pile, which is installed on the ground above the pipeline.

5. The intelligent current draining system for adaptive stray current according to claim 4, characterized in that: The automatic control system consists of low-power wireless sensors, gateways, a cloud platform, and mobile applications. The low-power wireless sensors use LoRa communication to collect data and transmit it to the gateway. The gateway forwards the data to the cloud platform for storage and analysis. The mobile application provides a user interaction interface for real-time monitoring and alarm.

6. The intelligent current draining system for adaptive stray current according to claim 3, characterized in that: The sacrificial anode (9) comprises an anode body (9.3), a filler bag (9.1) is filled around the anode body (9.3), and the filler bag (9.1) is placed at the center of the filler bag (9.1). The filler bag (9.1) is fully mixed and completely covers the anode body (9.3), and the outer side of the filler bag (9.1) is covered with a cotton bag (9.2).

7. The intelligent current draining system for adaptive stray current according to claim 6, characterized in that: The sacrificial anode (9) is a magnesium alloy anode, the buried depth of the sacrificial anode (9) is greater than or equal to 1.5m, the distance between the sacrificial anode (9) and the pipeline is greater than or equal to 1m, the net distance between the sacrificial anodes (9) is greater than 2m, the thickness of the filler bag (9.1) around the sacrificial anode (9) is greater than 100mm, and the mass percentage of the internal components of the filler bag (9.1) is gypsum powder: bentonite: sodium sulfate = 75:20:

5.

8. An adaptive stray current intelligent drainage method, using the adaptive stray current intelligent drainage system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1: System initialization, transient potential recorder monitors and transmits to automatic control system; S2: The automatic control system generates a drainage strategy and determines whether to drain the circuit according to the potential offset. S3: After drainage is turned on, a dynamic drainage strategy is generated according to the subway status, and the drainage intensity is automatically rated and adjusted according to the degree of potential deviation; S4: Automatically issue an early warning and record data, automatically optimize the drainage strategy and return to step S2.

9. The intelligent method for draining adaptive stray current according to claim 8, characterized in that: The step S2 comprises the following steps: S2.1: The automatic control system generates a flow control strategy and determines whether the subway allows it. If so, it proceeds to step S2.3; if not, it proceeds to step S2.2; S2.2: Stop draining until the subway runs normally and return to step S1; S2.3: Determine whether the potential deviation exceeds the threshold. If so, proceed to step S3; if not, loop through step S2.

3.

10. An adaptive stray current intelligent draining method according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that: In step S3, generating a dynamic drainage strategy based on the subway status specifically includes: enhancing drainage in the entire pipeline when the subway accelerates, enhancing drainage at both ends of the pipeline when the subway is moving at a constant speed, and enhancing drainage in the middle pipeline when the subway decelerates. Automatic rating based on the degree of potential offset specifically includes: a potential offset of less than 20mV is weak interference, 20-200mV is medium interference, and greater than or equal to 200mV is strong interference.

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