Carbon fiber reinforced porous resin carbon thermal insulation material as well as preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a carbon fiber reinforced porous resin carbon thermal insulation material as well as a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of thermal insulation materials. The preparation method comprises the following steps: adding hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide into phenolic resin, and carrying out ultrasonic dispersion to obtain impregnation liquid; repeatedly impregnating the carbon fiber preform in the impregnation liquid for multiple times to obtain a fully impregnated carbon fiber preform; sealing the fully impregnated carbon fiber preform, and then pressurizing and curing to obtain an initial blank; and performing high-temperature pressurized carbonization on the initial blank body to obtain the carbon fiber reinforced porous resin carbon thermal insulation material. The method is used for solving the technical problems that a traditional carbon / carbon thermal insulation material used in a single crystal thermal field is high in heat conductivity coefficient and high in manufacturing cost, and a rigid thermal insulation material is relatively high in heat conductivity coefficient and low in strength, and the pore diameter and pore distribution cannot be accurately regulated and controlled.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of thermal insulation materials, and in particular relates to a carbon fiber reinforced porous resin carbon thermal insulation material and a preparation method and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] The production of single crystal silicon requires a high-power process, necessitating the design of an insulation system with very low thermal conductivity. Currently, the primary insulation method used is a carbon / carbon composite insulation cylinder combined with carbon felt. However, traditional carbon / carbon composites have high thermal conductivity, and carbon felt pulverizes after short use in high-temperature environments, resulting in poor performance of the entire insulation system, a significant increase in the power consumption of the single crystal furnace, and increased production costs for the entire crystal pulling process. Porous materials have always played a crucial role in thermal insulation. The properties of these materials, particularly pore size and pore distribution, have a significant impact on their performance.

[0003] Traditional carbon / carbon insulation materials face the challenge of high thermal conductivity, while porous materials suffer from the inability to precisely control pore size and density, resulting in low strength. Therefore, in the civilian sector, especially photovoltaic manufacturing, there is an urgent need to develop high-temperature thermal protection and insulation materials with high specific strength, adjustable pore size and pore distribution, and low thermal conductivity, to promote efficient, energy-saving, and environmentally friendly manufacturing in the photovoltaic industry.

[0004] For example, the Chinese invention patent with publication number CN118745117A discloses a method for preparing a low thermal conductivity, high thermal insulation carbon / carbon composite porous material that can be used at various temperatures. The process is to first prepare viscose fiber, carbon fiber and graphite fiber into short fibers, remove magnetic particles by a demagnetizer, and evenly mix them with a certain proportion of resin, then solidify after being pressed by a mold, and finally obtain a low thermal conductivity, high thermal insulation carbon-carbon composite porous material after carbonization and high-temperature graphitization. Although the carbon / carbon composite material prepared by this method has a lower thermal conductivity coefficient, it is only suitable for preparing components of flat plates or block types. It is difficult to press cylinders or large-sized special-shaped components into molds, and it is necessary to press them into block blanks and then machine them, resulting in a large amount of material waste, a narrow range of applications, and great limitations.

[0005] Chinese invention patent publication number CN114105665A discloses a lightweight carbon / carbon composite insulation cylinder for crystalline silicon and its preparation method. The carbon / carbon composite insulation cylinder has a porous "sandwich" structure, comprising an inner high-density cylinder, an outer high-density cylinder, and a low-density intermediate layer positioned between the inner and outer layers. The process involves controlling the chemical vapor deposition process to produce embryos of varying densities, which are then machined and spliced together to create the porous carbon / carbon composite insulation cylinder. The porous material produced by this method has uncontrollable pore size and pore distribution, uneven density distribution, low material strength, and significant machining difficulties, resulting in limited practical application prospects. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In order to overcome the shortcomings of the above-mentioned prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a carbon fiber reinforced porous resin carbon thermal insulation material and its preparation method and application, so as to solve the technical problems of high thermal conductivity and high manufacturing cost of traditional carbon / carbon thermal insulation materials used in single crystal thermal fields and high thermal conductivity, low strength, and inability to accurately control pore size and pore distribution of rigid thermal insulation materials.

[0007] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: In one aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing a carbon fiber reinforced porous resin carbon thermal insulation material, comprising the following steps: Hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide is added to phenolic resin and ultrasonically dispersed to obtain an impregnation solution; a carbon fiber preform is repeatedly immersed in the impregnation solution multiple times to obtain a fully impregnated carbon fiber preform; the fully impregnated carbon fiber preform is sealed and pressurized and cured to obtain an initial embryo; the initial embryo is subjected to high-temperature pressurized carbonization to obtain a carbon fiber reinforced porous resin carbon thermal insulation material.

[0008] In one embodiment, the mass of the hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide accounts for 5% to 9% of the total mass of the impregnation solution.

[0009] In one embodiment, the mass of the hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide accounts for 7% to 9% of the total mass of the impregnation solution.

[0010] In one embodiment, the dipping is repeated 2 to 4 times; the dipping conditions are as follows: vacuuming to 0.03 to 0.04 MPa and maintaining the pressure for 20 to 25 minutes.

[0011] In one embodiment, the pressurized curing process is as follows: in a nitrogen environment, maintain the pressure at 0.1-0.3 MPa; increase the temperature from room temperature to 100-120° C. at a heating rate of 5° C. / min, keep the temperature for 20-25 hours, and cool to room temperature.

[0012] In one embodiment, the high temperature pressure carbonization process is as follows: evacuate to 0.05-0.06 MPa, then fill with nitrogen to 0.1-0.3 MPa, heat to a carbonization temperature of 1000-1200° C., and keep warm for 120-240 minutes.

[0013] In one embodiment, the carbon fiber preform is in the shape of a cylinder, a flat plate, a block, or a large-sized special shape.

[0014] The present invention also provides a carbon fiber reinforced porous resin carbon thermal insulation material prepared according to the above-mentioned method for preparing carbon fiber reinforced porous resin carbon thermal insulation material. The carbon fiber reinforced porous resin carbon thermal insulation material uses carbon fiber as a reinforcement, resin carbon as a matrix, and hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide as a promoter added to the matrix.

[0015] In one embodiment, the density of the carbon fiber reinforced porous resin carbon insulation material is 0.7-1.0 g / cm 3 The thermal conductivity at 25°C is 0.6~1.0W / m·k, the compressive strength is 200~250MPa, and the ash content is ≤0.001ppm.

[0016] The present invention also provides a carbon fiber reinforced porous resin carbon insulation material prepared according to the above-mentioned preparation method of carbon fiber reinforced porous resin carbon insulation material, which is used as a high-temperature heat protection and thermal insulation material in a photovoltaic thermal field.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: The present invention provides a method for preparing a carbon fiber-reinforced porous resin-carbon thermal insulation material. This material utilizes carbon fibers as reinforcement and a phenolic resin as a matrix. By adding cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and synergistically controlling the curing pressure and carbonization process, precise control of pore size and pore distribution is achieved. By adding varying amounts of CTAB to the phenolic resin matrix, adjusting the curing pressure and controlling the resin polymerization process, the porous composite material can be prepared in a controlled manner, significantly expanding the application areas and scope of this porous thermal insulation material. By applying pressure during the carbonization stage, the residual carbon content of the resin matrix is increased, resulting in superior mechanical properties. The carbon fiber-reinforced porous resin-carbon thermal insulation material produced by this preparation method exhibits high specific strength, low thermal conductivity, and low raw material cost. This method overcomes the technical challenges of conventional carbon / carbon composite materials, such as high thermal conductivity, easy pulverization of carbon felt, and low strength of porous materials. The material is suitable for efficient, energy-saving thermal insulation in photovoltaic single crystal furnaces, and offers excellent economic and social benefits in the photovoltaic thermal field.

[0018] Furthermore, the present invention adopts an impregnation and curing process to prepare the thermal insulation cylinder for photovoltaic thermal field, which is not limited by the shape and size of the actual product, can achieve near-net-size molding, has good machinability, and avoids serious waste of materials.

[0019] Furthermore, a carbon fiber preform with a cylindrical shape can be used to produce a carbon fiber reinforced porous resin carbon-based composite material insulation tube, which can be used in photovoltaic thermal fields. The insulation tube for photovoltaic thermal fields can adjust the curing pressure and CTAB content according to actual application needs to achieve regulation of the pore size in the matrix.

[0020] The present invention provides a carbon fiber reinforced porous resin carbon thermal insulation material. The material uses carbon fiber as a reinforcement and resin carbon as a matrix. CTAB is added to the matrix as a promoter. The pressure and CTAB content during the curing process are controlled. By coupling the curing pressure and CTAB content, the pore size and distribution of the resin carbon matrix are adjusted, so that the pores are connected and evenly distributed in the resin carbon matrix, forming a porous composite material. The density of the carbon fiber reinforced porous resin carbon thermal insulation material is 0.7-1.0 g / cm 3 , thermal conductivity is 0.6~1.0W / m·k (25℃), compressive strength is 200~250MPa, ash content is ≤0.001ppm. This material has the characteristics of low thermal conductivity and high specific strength. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 This is a macroscopic photograph of a carbon fiber reinforced porous resin carbon insulation cylinder for photovoltaic thermal fields, which is prepared by using a cylindrical carbon fiber preform and the method for preparing a carbon fiber reinforced porous resin carbon insulation material of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a SEM photograph of the resin carbon matrix of the carbon fiber reinforced porous resin carbon insulation tube for photovoltaic thermal field prepared in Example 1 of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a SEM photograph of the resin carbon matrix of the carbon fiber reinforced porous resin carbon insulation tube for photovoltaic thermal field prepared in Example 2 of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a SEM photograph of the resin carbon matrix of the carbon fiber reinforced porous resin carbon insulation tube for photovoltaic thermal field prepared in Example 3 of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a compressive stress-strain curve diagram of the carbon fiber reinforced resin carbon-based composite material prepared by the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] To facilitate understanding of the features and effects of the present invention by those skilled in the art, the following provides a general description and definition of the terms and expressions used in the specification and claims. Unless otherwise indicated, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the ordinary meanings as understood by those skilled in the art regarding the present invention. In the event of conflict, the definitions in this specification shall prevail.

[0023] The theories or mechanisms described and disclosed herein, whether correct or incorrect, should not limit the scope of the present invention in any way, that is, the present invention can be implemented without being limited by any specific theory or mechanism.

[0024] All features, such as values, amounts, contents, and concentrations, described herein as numerical ranges or percentage ranges are provided for simplicity and convenience only. Accordingly, the description of numerical ranges or percentage ranges should be considered to include and specifically disclose all possible subranges and individual values within the range (including integers and fractions).

[0025] In this document, unless otherwise specified, “include,” “including,” “contains,” “has” or similar terms cover the meanings of “consisting of” and “mainly consisting of,” for example, “A includes a” covers the meanings of “A includes a and other” and “A only includes a.”

[0026] In this document, for the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the various technical features in each embodiment or example are described. Therefore, as long as there are no contradictions in the combination of these technical features, the various technical features in each embodiment or example can be combined in any way, and all possible combinations should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0027] The invention provides a carbon fiber reinforced porous resin carbon thermal insulation material and a preparation method and application thereof.

[0028] The preparation method comprises the following steps: adding hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide to phenolic resin, ultrasonically dispersing the mixture, and obtaining an impregnation solution; repeatedly immersing a carbon fiber preform in the impregnation solution for multiple times, and obtaining a fully impregnated carbon fiber preform; sealing the fully impregnated carbon fiber preform and then pressurizing and curing the preform to obtain an initial embryo; and subjecting the initial embryo to high-temperature pressurized carbonization to obtain a carbon fiber reinforced porous resin carbon thermal insulation material.

[0029] The carbon fiber reinforced porous resin carbon thermal insulation material uses carbon fiber as a reinforcement, resin carbon as a matrix, and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide as a accelerator added into the matrix.

[0030] The carbon fiber reinforced porous resin carbon thermal insulation material prepared by the above-mentioned preparation method of the carbon fiber reinforced porous resin carbon thermal insulation material is used as a high-temperature heat protection and thermal insulation material in a photovoltaic thermal field.

[0031] The present invention uses carbon fiber as a reinforcement and phenolic resin as a matrix, and achieves precise control of pore size and pore distribution by adding cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and synergistically regulating the curing pressure and carbonization process. The technical solution mainly includes the following steps: first, adding CTAB to the phenolic resin and ultrasonically dispersing it to obtain an impregnation solution; second, placing a carbon fiber preform (carbon fiber needle-punched preform) into an impregnation device and adding the above-mentioned impregnation solution, and then obtaining a carbon fiber preform fully impregnated with phenolic resin by repeatedly vacuuming → adding resin; then the above-mentioned preform is sealed by using the impregnation device and filled with nitrogen, and placed in an electric blast drying oven for pressurized curing to obtain an initial embryo; finally, the above-mentioned embryo is subjected to high-temperature pressurized carbonization to obtain a low-thermal-conductivity carbon fiber reinforced porous resin carbon-based composite material for photovoltaic thermal fields. The present invention controls the resin polymerization process by adding CTAB, and combines the coordinated regulation of CTAB content and curing pressure to achieve precise adjustment of pore size and pore distribution, which can greatly improve the current situation of poor thermal insulation performance of rigid thermal insulation materials.

[0032] Furthermore, the shape of the carbon fiber needle-punched preform can be selected as a cylinder. The insulation cylinder prepared by this method has high specific strength, low thermal conductivity and low raw material cost, which solves the technical problems of high thermal conductivity of traditional carbon / carbon composite materials, easy pulverization of carbon felt and low strength of porous materials. It is suitable for efficient and energy-saving insulation of photovoltaic single crystal furnaces, and has excellent economic and social benefits in the field of photovoltaic thermal fields.

[0033] In one embodiment, a method for preparing a carbon fiber reinforced porous resin carbon insulation material is provided, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Add CTAB to phenolic resin and ultrasonically disperse for 0.5-1 hour to uniformly distribute CTAB in the phenolic resin to obtain an impregnation solution; wherein the mass of hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide accounts for 5%-9% of the total mass of the impregnation solution; Step 2: Place the carbon fiber preform into the impregnation device, add the impregnation liquid prepared in step 1, submerge the carbon fiber preform, evacuate to 0.03-0.04 MPa, and maintain the pressure for 20-25 minutes; Step 3: Add the impregnation liquid in step 1 back into the impregnation device and submerge the carbon fiber preform; Repeat steps 2 and 3 above 2 to 4 times to obtain a fully impregnated carbon fiber preform; Step 4: The fully impregnated carbon fiber preform is sealed in an impregnation device and placed in an electric blast drying oven. Nitrogen is filled into the impregnation device, and the pressure is maintained at 0.1-0.3 MPa. The oven is heated from room temperature to 100-120°C at a heating rate of 5°C / min, and kept at this temperature for 20-25 hours. The power is turned off and the preform is naturally cooled to room temperature to obtain a cured initial embryo. Step 5: Place the initial embryo body obtained in step 4 into a carbonization furnace, evacuate to 0.05~0.06MPa, then fill with nitrogen to 0.1~0.3MPa, heat to 1000~1200℃, and keep warm for 120~240min to obtain a carbon fiber reinforced porous resin carbon insulation cylinder for photovoltaic thermal field.

[0034] Preferably, the mass of hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide in step 1 accounts for 7% to 9% of the total mass of the impregnation solution. Repeat steps 2 and 3 three times.

[0035] The shape of the carbon fiber preform can be cylindrical, flat, block or large-sized special shapes.

[0036] Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, further set forth the present invention.Should be understood that these embodiments are only used to illustrate the present invention and are not used in limiting the scope of the present invention.In addition, should be understood that after reading the content taught by the present invention, those skilled in the art can make various changes or modifications to the present invention, and these equivalent forms fall equally within the scope limited by the appended claims of the application.

[0037] The following examples were prepared using conventional instruments and equipment in the art. Experimental methods in the following examples, where specific conditions are not specified, were generally performed under conventional conditions or according to the conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The various raw materials used in the following examples, unless otherwise specified, were conventional commercially available products, with specifications conventional in the art. In the present specification and the following examples, unless otherwise specified, "%" indicates percentage by weight, "part" indicates parts by weight, and "ratio" indicates weight ratio.

[0038] Example 1: This embodiment provides a method for preparing a carbon fiber reinforced porous resin carbon thermal insulation material, comprising the following steps: (1) CTAB was added to the phenolic resin and ultrasonically dispersed for 0.5 h to uniformly distribute the CTAB in the phenolic resin to obtain an impregnation solution, wherein the mass of hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide accounted for 5% of the total mass of the impregnation solution; (2) Place the carbon fiber preform into the impregnation device, add the impregnation liquid in step 1, submerge the carbon fiber preform, evacuate to 0.03-0.04 MPa, and maintain the pressure for 20-25 minutes; (3) Add the impregnation liquid in step 1 back into the impregnation device and submerge the carbon fiber preform; (4) Repeat steps 2 and 3 above three times to obtain a carbon fiber preform fully impregnated with phenolic resin; (5) The fully impregnated carbon fiber preform is sealed and placed in an electric blast drying oven using an impregnation device, nitrogen is filled into the impregnation device, the pressure is maintained at 0.3 MPa, and the oven is heated from room temperature to 100-120°C at a heating rate of 5°C / min, kept warm for 20-25 hours, and then the power is turned off and naturally cooled to room temperature to obtain a cured initial embryo; (6) The initial embryo body obtained in step 4 is placed in a carbonization furnace, vacuumed to 0.05~0.06MPa, then filled with nitrogen to 0.3MPa, heated to 1000℃, and kept warm for 120~240min to obtain a carbon fiber reinforced porous resin carbon insulation cylinder for photovoltaic thermal field.

[0039] The density of the carbon fiber reinforced porous resin carbon insulation tube is 1.0g / cm 3 , thermal conductivity is 1.0W / m·k (25℃), compressive strength is 250MPa, and ash content is ≤0.001ppm.

[0040] Example 2 This embodiment provides a method for preparing a carbon fiber reinforced porous resin carbon thermal insulation material, comprising the following steps: (1) CTAB was added to the phenolic resin and ultrasonically dispersed for 0.5 h to uniformly distribute the CTAB in the phenolic resin to obtain an impregnation solution, wherein the mass of hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide accounted for 7% of the total mass of the impregnation solution; (2) Place the carbon fiber preform into the impregnation device, add the impregnation liquid in step 1, submerge the carbon fiber preform, evacuate to 0.03-0.04 MPa, and maintain the pressure for 20-25 minutes; (3) Add the impregnation liquid in step 1 back into the impregnation device and submerge the carbon fiber preform; (4) Repeat steps 2 and 3 above three times to obtain a carbon fiber preform fully impregnated with phenolic resin; (5) The fully impregnated carbon fiber preform is sealed and placed in an electric blast drying oven using an impregnation device, nitrogen is filled into the impregnation device, the pressure is maintained at 0.2 MPa, and the oven is heated from room temperature to 100-120°C at a heating rate of 5°C / min, kept warm for 20-25 hours, and then the power is turned off and naturally cooled to room temperature to obtain a cured initial embryo; (6) The initial embryo body obtained in step 4 is placed in a carbonization furnace, vacuumed to 0.05~0.06MPa, then filled with nitrogen to 0.25MPa, heated to 1100℃, and kept warm for 120~240min to obtain a carbon fiber reinforced porous resin carbon insulation cylinder for photovoltaic thermal field.

[0041] The density of the carbon fiber reinforced porous resin carbon insulation tube is 0.9g / cm 3, thermal conductivity is 0.8W / m·k (25℃), compressive strength is 220MPa, and ash content is ≤0.001ppm.

[0042] Example 3 This embodiment provides a method for preparing a carbon fiber reinforced porous resin carbon thermal insulation material, comprising the following steps: (1) CTAB was added to the phenolic resin and ultrasonically dispersed for 0.5 h to uniformly distribute the CTAB in the phenolic resin to obtain an impregnation solution, wherein the mass of hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide accounted for 9% of the total mass of the impregnation solution; (2) Place the carbon fiber preform into the impregnation device, add the impregnation liquid in step 1, submerge the carbon fiber preform, evacuate to 0.03-0.04 MPa, and maintain the pressure for 20-25 minutes; (3) Add the impregnation liquid in step 1 back into the impregnation device and submerge the carbon fiber preform; (4) Repeat steps 2 and 3 above three times to obtain a carbon fiber preform fully impregnated with phenolic resin; (5) The fully impregnated carbon fiber preform is sealed and placed in an electric blast drying oven using an impregnation device, nitrogen is filled into the impregnation device, the pressure is maintained at 0.1 MPa, and the oven is heated from room temperature to 100-120°C at a heating rate of 5°C / min, kept warm for 20-25 hours, and then the power is turned off and naturally cooled to room temperature to obtain a cured initial embryo; (6) The initial embryo body obtained in step 4 is placed in a carbonization furnace, vacuumed to 0.05~0.06MPa, then filled with nitrogen to 0.2MPa, heated to 1200℃, and kept warm for 120~240min to obtain a carbon fiber reinforced porous resin carbon insulation cylinder for photovoltaic thermal field.

[0043] The density of the carbon fiber reinforced porous resin carbon insulation tube is 0.7g / cm 3 , thermal conductivity is 0.6W / m·k (25℃), compressive strength is 200MPa, and ash content is ≤0.001ppm.

[0044] Comparison table of main parameters of examples

[0045] Figure 1 This is a macroscopic photograph of the carbon fiber reinforced porous resin carbon insulation tube for photovoltaic thermal field prepared by this method.

[0046] Figure 2 This is an SEM photograph of the carbon fiber reinforced porous resin carbon insulation cylinder matrix for photovoltaic thermal field prepared in Example 1. It can be clearly seen that the prepared resin carbon matrix is a porous material with a pore size of 100-200nm and uniformly distributed pores.

[0047] Figure 3 This is an SEM photograph of the carbon fiber reinforced porous resin carbon insulation cylinder matrix for photovoltaic thermal field prepared in Example 2. It can be clearly seen that the prepared resin carbon matrix is a porous material with a pore size of 2-4µm and uniform pore distribution.

[0048] Figure 4 This is a SEM photo of the carbon fiber reinforced porous resin carbon insulation cylinder matrix for photovoltaic thermal field prepared in Example 3. It can be clearly seen that the prepared resin carbon matrix is a porous material with a pore size of 3~5μm and uniform pore distribution. Figures 2 to 4 It can be seen that the greater the CTAB content, the more pores there are, and the greater the curing pressure, the smaller the pore size.

[0049] Figure 5 The compressive stress-strain curve of the carbon fiber reinforced resin carbon-based composite material prepared by the present invention shows that the compressive strength after carbonization is still greater than 200 MPa and the deformation is less than 1%.

[0050] The above content is only for explaining the technical idea of the present invention and cannot be used to limit the protection scope of the present invention. Any changes made on the basis of the technical solution in accordance with the technical idea proposed by the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a carbon fiber reinforced porous resin carbon thermal insulation material, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: adding hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide to phenolic resin and ultrasonically dispersing the mixture to obtain an impregnation solution; repeatedly immersing a carbon fiber preform in the impregnation solution multiple times to obtain a fully impregnated carbon fiber preform; sealing the fully impregnated carbon fiber preform and then pressurizing and curing the preform to obtain an initial embryo; The initial embryonic body is carbonized under high temperature and pressure to obtain a carbon fiber reinforced porous resin carbon thermal insulation material.

2. The method for preparing the carbon fiber reinforced porous resin carbon thermal insulation material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mass of the hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide accounts for 5% to 9% of the total mass of the impregnation solution.

3. The method for preparing the carbon fiber reinforced porous resin carbon thermal insulation material according to claim 2, characterized in that: The mass of the hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide accounts for 7% to 9% of the total mass of the impregnation solution.

4. The method for preparing the carbon fiber reinforced porous resin carbon thermal insulation material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dipping was repeated 2 to 4 times; the dipping conditions were as follows: vacuuming to 0.03 to 0.04 MPa and maintaining the pressure for 20 to 25 minutes.

5. The method for preparing the carbon fiber reinforced porous resin carbon thermal insulation material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pressurized curing process is as follows: in a nitrogen environment, the pressure is maintained at 0.1-0.3 MPa; the temperature is increased from room temperature to 100-120° C. at a heating rate of 5° C. / min, kept at this temperature for 20-25 hours, and cooled to room temperature.

6. The method for preparing the carbon fiber reinforced porous resin carbon thermal insulation material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The high-temperature pressure carbonization process is as follows: evacuate to 0.05-0.06 MPa, then fill with nitrogen to 0.1-0.3 MPa, heat to a carbonization temperature of 1000-1200° C., and keep warm for 120-240 minutes.

7. The method for preparing the carbon fiber reinforced porous resin carbon thermal insulation material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The carbon fiber preform is in the shape of a cylinder, a flat plate, a block or a large-sized special shape.

8. A carbon fiber reinforced porous resin carbon thermal insulation material prepared according to the method for preparing a carbon fiber reinforced porous resin carbon thermal insulation material according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The carbon fiber reinforced porous resin carbon thermal insulation material uses carbon fiber as a reinforcement, resin carbon as a matrix, and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide as a accelerator added into the matrix.

9. The carbon fiber reinforced porous resin carbon thermal insulation material according to claim 8, characterized in that: The density of the carbon fiber reinforced porous resin carbon insulation material is 0.7~1.0g / cm 3 The thermal conductivity at 25°C is 0.6~1.0W / m·k, the compressive strength is 200~250MPa, and the ash content is ≤0.001ppm.

10. Use of a carbon fiber reinforced porous resin carbon thermal insulation material prepared according to the preparation method of a carbon fiber reinforced porous resin carbon thermal insulation material according to any one of claims 1 to 7 as a high-temperature heat protection and thermal insulation material in a photovoltaic thermal field.

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