A loading anti-interference decoupling switching integrated device for wind power tower cylinder compression bending shear torsion test

Abstract

The application relates to a kind of anti-interference decoupling switching integrated devices for wind power tower cylinder bending shear torsion test loading, including counterforce wall, support, counterforce column, counterforce longitudinal beam, counterforce crossbeam and four actuators, the top end of tower cylinder fixed on support is connected to loading beam through switching device, first actuator applies axial load to tower cylinder through loading beam and switching device, second, third actuator applies bending moment to the end of tower cylinder through loading beam and switching device, fourth actuator cooperates with connecting piece, horizontal shear and torque are applied to the end of tower cylinder through rectangular steel plate connected switching device, realize the decoupling of various types of load application, ensure test accuracy;The device can truly simulate the load condition of tower cylinder section, and can also transmit axial force, bending moment, shear and torque to wind power tower through loading beam, effectively solve the influence of horizontal displacement and torsional deformation on loading in the process of horizontal and vertical load coupling loading in wind power tower composite load simulation test.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of testing equipment and relates to an integrated device for anti-interference decoupling and transfer of load for wind turbine tower compression-bending-shear-torsion testing, and more particularly to an integrated device and testing method for anti-interference decoupling and transfer of load for wind turbine tower compression-bending-shear-torsion testing. Background Technology

[0002] like Figure 1 As shown in the loading tests of wind turbine towers, the most common loading methods are single horizontal or single vertical loading. These methods cannot achieve combined loading of bending moment, axial force, shear force, and torque, making it difficult to realistically simulate the complex stress conditions of the tower base under actual working conditions when subjected to relatively small horizontal forces and large bending moments. Furthermore, due to laboratory space limitations, wind turbine towers often require scaled-down testing. Different original tower dimensions result in varying scaled-down dimensions, and with the continuous development of wind turbine towers, more and more tower types are emerging, each with different requirements for loading and fixing. For example, hybrid towers have thicker walls and contain longitudinal reinforcement, while steel towers have thinner walls, leading to differences in fixing methods. Current tests often require custom-made loading beams to fix the top of the tower for loading, which increases testing costs and reduces economic efficiency.

[0003] During the experimental loading process, the coupled loading of horizontal and vertical loads is a key issue, such as... Figure 2 The horizontal concentrated loads and torques shown will affect the application of vertical loads, leading to problems with the loading mechanism. For example, the horizontal displacement generated by the horizontal shear force will produce the same horizontal displacement in the vertical load-bearing beam, while the vertical jacks are fixed in position. This horizontal displacement will interfere with the vertical loading of the jacks. In addition, the torsional deformation generated by the torque will also cause the vertical load-bearing beam to rotate horizontally, thus affecting the vertical loading effect of the jacks and ultimately interfering with the accuracy of the test results.

[0004] Therefore, how to design a wind turbine tower compression-bending-shear-torsion test transition device that can work with the loading beam to transfer axial force, bending moment, shear force and torque to the wind turbine tower, realistically simulate the load conditions of the tower section, meet the loading and fixing connection requirements of different tower types and sizes, and effectively solve the influence of horizontal displacement and torsional deformation on the loading during horizontal and vertical coupled loading is an important problem that urgently needs to be solved by those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, in order to solve the problems that current loading methods cannot achieve composite loading of bending moment, axial force, shear force and torque, cannot realistically simulate the load conditions of tower sections, cannot meet the loading and fixing connection requirements of different tower types and sizes, and cannot effectively solve the problem of the influence of horizontal displacement and torsional deformation on loading during horizontal and vertical coupled loading, the present invention provides an anti-interference decoupling and transfer integrated device for loading of wind turbine towers under pressure-bending-shear-torsion tests.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0007] An integrated device for anti-interference decoupling and transfer of load for wind turbine tower bending, shear and torsion test includes a reaction wall, a support fixedly connected to the ground and four reaction columns set on one side of the reaction wall. A first reaction longitudinal beam is fixed between two corresponding reaction columns. A reaction cross beam is fixed at the top of the two first reaction longitudinal beams. A first actuator coaxial with the support is fixed at the bottom of the reaction cross beam.

[0008] The tower to be tested is fixedly mounted on the top of the support. The top of the tower is connected to a loading beam via a transition device. The output end of the first actuator abuts against the loading beam to apply an axial load to the tower. A second reaction longitudinal beam is mounted on one set of reaction columns. A third actuator is fixedly connected to the top of the second reaction longitudinal beam. A second actuator is fixedly connected to the bottom of another first reaction longitudinal beam. The output ends of both the third actuator and the second actuator abut against the loading beam.

[0009] A fourth actuator is fixedly installed on one side of the reaction wall, and a connector for use with the fourth actuator is provided below the loading beam; a rectangular steel plate is provided on the side of the transfer device corresponding to the connector and is fixed to the connector; the transfer device is equipped with a rotating component for load transfer.

[0010] Furthermore, the rotating assembly includes an inner ring of the adapter, a T-shaped end horizontal sliding member rotatably disposed inside the inner ring of the adapter, several sets of thrust cylindrical roller bearings evenly arranged circumferentially along the bottom surface of the inner ring of the adapter, several sets of tapered roller bearings evenly arranged circumferentially along the side surface of the inner ring of the adapter, and an outer ring of the adapter. The top of the end horizontal sliding member is fixedly connected to a circular steel plate for easy fixed connection with the loading beam. The steel plate has bolt holes circumferentially for connecting and fixing the upper loading beam to the adapter. When the adapter rotates under the action of torque, the outer ring of the adapter rotates around the axis, while the inner ring of the adapter does not rotate.

[0011] Furthermore, a horizontal groove adapted to the end horizontal sliding member is provided at the center of the top of the inner ring of the adapter. A vertical groove perpendicular to the horizontal groove is provided inside the inner ring of the adapter directly below the horizontal groove. The end horizontal sliding member includes a cylindrical roller bearing and a T-shaped cylindrical shaft. The cylindrical roller bearing is fitted at both ends of the bottom crossbeam of the T-shaped cylindrical shaft. After the end horizontal sliding member is inserted along the horizontal groove, it is rotated 90° and placed. The space of the vertical groove is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the rolling bearing on the bottom crossbeam of the T-shaped cylindrical shaft, so that the horizontal sliding member can move horizontally in the vertical groove. The cylindrical roller bearing is used to transmit the vertical load on the top loading beam, and then to the tower specimen adapter.

[0012] Furthermore, the tapered roller bearings and thrust cylindrical roller bearings are of the same number and are arranged symmetrically at the center. A cage is fixedly installed through the tapered roller bearings and thrust cylindrical roller bearings, and the cage is used to fix the tapered roller bearings and thrust cylindrical roller bearings.

[0013] Furthermore, the bottom of the loading beam is provided with multiple through holes arranged in a ring. After aligning the through holes at the bottom of the loading beam with the screws on the circular steel plate, the two are tightly connected with bolts. The bottom cantilever of the adapter is provided with multiple waist-shaped holes evenly distributed around the circumference to facilitate the adaptation of different cylinder diameters and different types of tower cylinders.

[0014] Furthermore, the outer ring of the adapter is made up of two semi-circular arc plates spliced ​​together, and there is a gap between the rotating component, which is composed of the inner ring and the outer ring of the adapter, and the circular steel plate.

[0015] Furthermore, the connecting component includes a loading longitudinal beam fixed to the bottom of the loading beam by bolts. A slide rail is provided at the bottom of the loading longitudinal beam. A guide rod is fixedly provided through one side of the loading longitudinal beam. A loading plate that works with the fourth actuator is slidably provided in the slide rail. The loading plate is provided with a connecting device with a pin hole. The end of the fourth actuator is fixedly connected to the loading plate by the pin. The loading plate is slidably sleeved on the guide rod. A screw is rotatably provided on one side of the loading longitudinal beam through a bearing. The loading plate is threadedly sleeved on the screw.

[0016] Furthermore, the loading longitudinal beam and the rectangular steel plate are fixedly connected by bolt fasteners so as to transfer the horizontal shear force and torque required for the test to the outer ring of the adapter, and then to the tower.

[0017] A loading method for an integrated device used in wind turbine tower compression-bending-shear-torsion testing includes the following steps:

[0018] S1. Fix the tower to the support with fasteners, and then fix the adapter to the end of the tower with fasteners. At the same time, fix the loading beam, loading longitudinal beam and the circular steel plate and rectangular steel plate of the adapter with fasteners respectively.

[0019] S2. Start the first actuator through the hydraulic station to make it sequentially contact the loading beam, the transfer device and the tower to test the axial load on the tower.

[0020] S3. Simultaneously activate the second and third actuators through the hydraulic station to apply bending moment to the end of the tower, and simultaneously activate the fourth actuator to apply horizontal shear force and torque to the end of the tower. Furthermore, use only one set of oil pumps to control the first actuator, and use another set of oil pumps to control the extension and retraction behavior of the second, third, and fourth actuators to realize the simulation of the composite load of the tower under the action of bending moment, vertical axial force, horizontal shear force, and torque.

[0021] The assembly method of the above-mentioned adapter includes the following steps:

[0022] S11. The inner ring of the adapter is integrally cast and formed, with a horizontal groove, and the width of the hollow part at the top of the horizontal groove is greater than the outer diameter of the cylindrical roller bearing of the end horizontal sliding part.

[0023] S12. First, lower the horizontal sliding member at the end to the specified height with the axis direction parallel to the horizontal direction of the horizontal slide groove, and then rotate it 90° to be perpendicular to the horizontal direction of the horizontal slide groove.

[0024] S13. Install the tapered rollers, thrust cylindrical rollers, and cages onto the circumferential side and bottom surface of the inner ring of the adapter, respectively.

[0025] S14. The outer ring of the adapter is spliced ​​from two semi-circular arc plates. After the internal components are positioned and assembled, the outer ring of the adapter is assembled. After the adapter is connected, it is fixed by welding or bolt fasteners to make it a whole and meet the usage requirements.

[0026] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0027] 1. The anti-interference decoupling and transfer integrated device for loading of wind turbine towers under bending, shear and torsion tests disclosed in this invention fixes the loading beam to the circular steel plate of the end horizontal sliding member with bolts; the axial force and bending moment on the loading beam are transferred to the end horizontal sliding member through the tight connection of the bolts; the loading longitudinal beam is tightly connected to the rectangular steel plate with bolts, and the shear force and torque are transferred to the device body through the steel plate, effectively solving the influence of horizontal displacement and torsional deformation on the loading during the horizontal and vertical coupled loading process.

[0028] 2. The anti-interference decoupling and transfer integrated device for loading of wind turbine towers under bending, shear and torsion tests disclosed in this invention has a slide rail, guide rod and screw set on the loading longitudinal beam, which allows the loading plate to slide in the slide rail and the position to be adjusted by the screw. In this way, it can cooperate with the fourth actuator to realize flexible adjustment of different loading requirements of the tower and meet diverse test requirements.

[0029] 3. The anti-interference decoupling and transfer integrated device for loading of wind turbine towers under compression, bending, shear and torsion tests disclosed in this invention applies a vertical load to the tower through a first actuator. Simultaneously, by combining the second, third and fourth actuators, various load types can be applied to the tower. Only two sets of oil pumps are needed to achieve coupled loading of compression, bending, shear and torsion. Furthermore, the second and third actuators dynamically simulate the influence of eccentricity on the tower's mechanical properties, simulating complex stress conditions that the tower may experience during actual use. This allows for a more comprehensive and accurate evaluation of the tower's mechanical properties. It can also simulate arbitrary variations in a single load on the tower, meeting the requirements of different test loading types.

[0030] 4. The anti-interference decoupling and transfer integrated device for the bending, shear and torsion test loading of wind turbine tower disclosed in this invention has multiple waist-shaped holes opened in the circumferential direction on the steel plate at the bottom of the transfer device, which facilitates the installation and disassembly of the tower specimen. It is applicable to towers of different diameters and types and transfers the load to the tower.

[0031] Other advantages, objectives, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the following examination, or may be learned from practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention can be realized and obtained through the following description. Attached Figure Description

[0032] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, the preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein:

[0033] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the load on a wind turbine tower in the background art of the present invention, wherein... Figure 1 (a) is a schematic diagram of the combined loads on the wind turbine tower. Figure 1 (b) is a diagram showing the shear force of the wind turbine tower under load. Figure 1 (c) is a diagram showing the bending moment under load on the wind turbine tower. Figure 1 (d) is a schematic diagram of the combined load on the end of the wind turbine tower section;

[0034] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the effects of coupled loads in the background art of this invention, wherein... Figure 2 (a) is a comparison diagram of the horizontal displacement before and after the application of the coupled load. Figure 2 (b) Comparison of torsional deformation before and after the application of coupled load;

[0035] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the test loading of the anti-interference decoupling and transfer integrated device for the bending, shear and torsion test loading of wind turbine towers according to the present invention. Figure 1 ;

[0036] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the test loading of the anti-interference decoupling and transfer integrated device for the bending, shear and torsion test loading of wind turbine towers according to the present invention. Figure 2 ;

[0037] Figure 5 For the present invention Figure 3 Installation diagram of the reaction beam and reaction column;

[0038] Figure 6 For the present invention Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the coupled load and the loaded beam;

[0039] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram showing the connection between the transfer device, the steel tower specimen, and the loading beam in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram showing the connection between the transfer device, the mixed tower specimen, and the loading beam in Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 9 For the present invention Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the transfer device;

[0042] Figure 10 For the present invention Figure 8 Internal diagram of the adapter;

[0043] Figure 11 For the present invention Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the upper structure of the adapter;

[0044] Figure 12 For the present invention Figure 8 Schematic diagram showing the disassembly of the upper and lower structures of the adapter;

[0045] Figure 13 For the present invention Figure 8 Cross-sectional view of the upper structure of the adapter device;

[0046] Figure 14 For the present invention Figure 8 The adapter does not include a cross-sectional view of the upper structure;

[0047] Figure 15 For the present invention Figure 9 Schematic diagram of the disassembled cross-section of the adapter;

[0048] Figure 16 For the present invention Figure 8 Construction and assembly diagram of the adapter device.

[0049] Reference numerals: 1. Reaction wall; 2. Reaction column; 3. First reaction longitudinal beam; 4. Reaction crossbeam; 5. First actuator; 6. Second reaction longitudinal beam; 7. Third actuator; 8. Loading beam; 9. Steel tower; 10. Support; 11. Fourth actuator; 12. Adapter; 17. Inner ring of adapter; 171. Outer ring of adapter; 172. Circular steel plate; 18. Connector; 19. Loading longitudinal beam; 20. Slide; 21. Guide rod; 22. Loading plate; 23. Screw; 24. Rectangular steel plate; 25. Horizontal slide; 26. Vertical slide; 27. End horizontal sliding piece; 28. Cylindrical roller bearing; 281. T-shaped cylindrical shaft; 282. Thrust cylindrical roller bearing; 29. ​​Tapered roller bearing; 30. Waist-shaped hole; 31. Mixing tower; 32. Embedded steel bar; 33. Detailed Implementation

[0050] The following specific examples illustrate the implementation of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the content disclosed in this specification. The present invention can also be implemented or applied through other different specific embodiments, and various details in this specification can be modified or changed based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of the present invention. It should be noted that the illustrations provided in the following embodiments are only schematic representations of the basic concept of the present invention. Unless otherwise specified, the following embodiments and features can be combined with each other.

[0051] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the load on a wind turbine tower in the background art of the present invention, wherein... Figure 1 (a) is a schematic diagram of the combined loads on the wind turbine tower. Figure 1 (b) is a diagram showing the shear force of the wind turbine tower under load. Figure 1 (c) is a diagram showing the bending moment under load on the wind turbine tower. Figure 1 (d) is a schematic diagram of the combined load on the end of the wind turbine tower section;

[0052] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the effects of coupled loads in the background art of this invention, wherein... Figure 2 (a) is a comparison diagram of the horizontal displacement before and after the application of the coupled load. Figure 2 (b) Comparison of torsional deformation before and after the application of coupled load;

[0053] Example 1

[0054] like Figures 3-7 as well as Figures 9-16The illustrated integrated device for anti-interference decoupling and transfer during wind turbine tower bending, shear, and torsion testing includes supports 11 securely connected to the ground via multiple ground anchors to ensure stability and levelness, providing stable support for the subsequent installation of the steel tower 10. Four reaction columns 2 are installed at the four corners of one side of the reaction wall 1, and are fixed to the ground foundation using bolts and other fasteners to ensure verticality and stability, thus bearing the reaction forces generated during subsequent loading. A first reaction longitudinal beam 3 is bolted between corresponding pairs of reaction columns 2, ensuring its levelness and verticality, providing a foundation for the installation of a reaction crossbeam 4. The reaction crossbeam 4 is bolted to the top of the two first reaction longitudinal beams 3, forming a stable frame structure and enhancing the load-bearing capacity of the entire loading device.

[0055] At the bottom end of the reaction beam 4, a first actuator 5, coaxial with the support 11, is fixedly installed by bolts. The selection of the first actuator 5 must take into account the maximum vertical load requirements of the steel tower 10 to ensure that the load can be applied stably during the test. The installation position of the first actuator 5 is precisely calculated to ensure that the load application point is aligned with the center of gravity of the adapter 17, the circular steel plate 18, and the steel tower 10, thereby reducing the influence of eccentricity.

[0056] The steel tower 10 is placed on top of the support 11 and is firmly fixed to the support 11 by studs and nuts to ensure the stability of the steel tower 10 during the loading process and prevent the steel tower 10 from moving or tilting.

[0057] A transfer device 17 is installed at the top of the steel tower 10. The transfer device 17 is equipped with a rotating assembly for load transfer. The rotating assembly includes an inner ring 171 of the transfer device, an end horizontal sliding member 28 disposed inside the inner ring 171 of the transfer device, a thrust cylindrical roller bearing 29 disposed circumferentially along the bottom surface of the inner ring 171 of the transfer device, a tapered roller bearing 30 disposed circumferentially along the side surface of the inner ring 171 of the transfer device, and an outer ring 172 of the transfer device. The top of the end horizontal sliding member 28 is fixedly connected to a circular steel plate 18 for easy fixed connection with the loading beam 9. When the transfer device rotates, the outer ring 172 of the transfer device rotates around the axis, while the inner ring 171 of the transfer device does not rotate.

[0058] Reference Figure 14-15The inner ring 171 of the adapter has a horizontal groove 26 at its top center that matches the end horizontal sliding member 28. A vertical groove 27, perpendicular to the horizontal groove 26, is located inside the inner ring 171 directly below the horizontal groove 26. The end horizontal sliding member 28 includes a cylindrical roller bearing 281 and a T-shaped cylindrical shaft 282. The cylindrical roller bearing 281 is fitted onto both ends of the bottom crossbeam of the T-shaped cylindrical shaft 282. After being inserted along the horizontal groove 26, the end horizontal sliding member 28 is rotated 90°. The space of the vertical groove 27 is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the rolling bearing on the bottom crossbeam of the T-shaped cylindrical shaft 282. The vertical groove 27 can be a cylindrical groove with a diameter greater than the length of the bottom crossbeam of the T-shaped cylindrical shaft 282, or a cubic groove with a length greater than the length of the bottom crossbeam of the T-shaped cylindrical shaft 282. The cylindrical roller bearing 281 is used to transfer the vertical load transmitted from the loading beam to the adapter 17. The cylindrical roller bearing 281 comprises a cage, cylindrical rollers, an inner ring, an outer ring, and a cage in sequence. The collar is a ring mounted on the shaft and has an axial stop. The collar is installed on the end face of the inner ring of the bearing, and the bearing is fixed by the fit between the axial stop of the collar and the end face of the inner ring to prevent slippage and deflection along the axial direction. The outer diameter of the bearing outer ring is slightly smaller than the hollow height between the vertical grooves 27 to allow the bearing to rotate. The bearing mainly bears the radial load transmitted to the lower steel tower 10.

[0059] Shear force and torque are transmitted to the device through the connection between the loading longitudinal beam 20 and the rectangular steel plate 25 on the outside of the device, and then to the steel tower 10 through the connection between the bottom of the device and the top of the steel tower 10.

[0060] Reference Figures 13-16 The tapered roller bearings 30 and thrust cylindrical roller bearings 29 are of equal number and arranged symmetrically at the center. Preferably, there are 12 tapered roller bearings 30 and 29. Cages are fixedly installed through both the tapered roller bearings 30 and 29, securing them in place. A boss is fixedly installed in the middle of the vertical slide groove 27. The cages of the thrust cylindrical roller bearings 29 near the center are fixed to the boss. The cages of the thrust cylindrical roller bearings 29 away from the boss pass through the lower cage of the tapered roller bearing 30 and abut against the side of the outer ring 172 of the adapter. A raised edge is fixedly installed on the top of the outer ring 172 of the adapter, pointing towards the inner ring 171 of the adapter. The upper cage of the tapered roller bearing 30 abuts against this raised edge.

[0061] The tapered roller bearing 30 sequentially includes an outer ring, a cage, tapered rollers, and an inner ring. The thrust cylindrical roller bearing 29 includes a shaft ring, cylindrical rollers, a cage, and a housing ring. The tapered rollers and cylindrical rollers are fixed in position by the cage, allowing them to rotate within the cage. The outer ring 172 of the adapter rotates around its axis, while the inner ring 171 of the adapter does not rotate. Specifically, when torque is transmitted to the adapter 17, the outer ring 172 of the adapter will rotate. The contact between the outer ring 172 and the inner ring 171 of the adapter can be considered as consisting of two surfaces: a circumferential side surface and a circular bottom surface. By arranging the tapered rollers, cylindrical rollers, and cage on these two surfaces, the friction between the two contact surfaces can be reduced, thereby ensuring that the inner ring 171 of the adapter does not rotate when the outer ring 172 of the adapter rotates.

[0062] The tapered roller bearing 30 primarily bears radial and axial loads, enabling rotation of both the inner and outer rings. The tensile force transmitted by the inner ring can be transferred to the outer ring and then to the steel tower 10. The thrust cylindrical roller bearing 29 primarily bears axial loads, enabling rotation of both the upper and lower structures and transmitting pressure from the upper structure.

[0063] The steel plate at the bottom of the adapter 17 has multiple circumferentially circumferentially shaped holes 31 to facilitate the installation and disassembly of the steel tower 10, making it suitable for steel towers 10 of different diameters and types, and transferring all loads to the steel tower 10. For the installation and fixing of the steel tower: circular steel plates are welded to the top and bottom of the steel tower 10, and the plates are connected and fixed to the support 11 and the adapter 17 by circumferential bolts.

[0064] A loading beam 9 is also provided above the steel tower 10. Multiple through holes are opened at the bottom of the loading beam 9, and the through holes are arranged in a ring. After aligning the through holes at the bottom of the loading beam 9 with the screws on the circular steel plate 18, nuts are used to fix the connection, and the loading beam is firmly connected to the adapter 17 to ensure that the loading beam 9 can accurately transmit the loading force to the steel tower 10.

[0065] The output end of the first actuator 5 abuts against the loading beam 9. Through the telescopic movement of the first actuator 5, axial pressure is applied to the steel tower 10 to realize the axial pressure test of the steel tower 10.

[0066] A second reaction longitudinal beam 7 is installed on one of the reaction columns 2, and a third actuator 8 is bolted to the top of the second reaction longitudinal beam 7. A second actuator 6 is bolted to the bottom of another first reaction longitudinal beam 3, so that the output ends of both the third actuator 8 and the second actuator 6 are in contact with the loading beam 9. The second actuator 6 is located above the loading beam 9, and the third actuator 8 is located below the loading beam 9, to simulate the actual bending moment at the end of the steel tower 10, and to dynamically simulate the effect of changes in eccentricity on the performance of the steel tower 10 by adjusting the magnitude of the bending moment. The stroke and force range of the third actuator 8 and the second actuator 6 are selected according to the design bending moment of the steel tower 10 to ensure that the bending moment range required for the test is covered. By controlling the extension and retraction of the second actuator 6 and the third actuator 8, different loads can be applied to the steel tower 10 to achieve the test of the steel tower 10 under different stress states.

[0067] The reaction wall 1 is located on one side of the support 11, and the fourth actuator 12 is fixedly installed by studs. A connector 19, which works with the fourth actuator 12, is installed below the loading beam 9. The connector 19 includes a loading longitudinal beam 20 fixed to the bottom of the loading beam 9 by bolts. A slide rail 21 is provided at the bottom of the loading longitudinal beam 20, and a guide rod 22 is fixedly installed through one side of the loading longitudinal beam 20. A loading plate 23, which works with the fourth actuator 12, is slidably installed in the slide rail 21. The loading plate 23 has a connecting device with a pin hole. By inserting a suitable pin into the pin hole, the end of the fourth actuator is fixedly connected to the loading plate. The loading plate 23 is slidably sleeved on the guide rod 22. A screw 24 is rotatably mounted on one side of the loading longitudinal beam 20 via a bearing, and the loading plate 23 is threaded onto the screw 24. The fourth actuator 12 is fixed to the reaction wall by bolts, and by acting on the loading longitudinal beam 20, it simulates the horizontal shear force and torque experienced by the steel tower 10.

[0068] Horizontal shear force and torque are applied to the loading longitudinal beam 20 via the fourth actuator 12, simulating the horizontal shear force and torque experienced by the steel tower 10. The installation position and point of action of the fourth actuator 12 can be adjusted via the sliding rail 21 to meet the needs of different test conditions. By rotating the screw 24, the position of the loading plate 23 within the rail 21 can be adjusted so that the loading plate 23 accurately contacts the output end of the fourth actuator 12, thereby achieving loading of the steel tower 10.

[0069] Reference Figure 16 The assembly method of the adapter 17 includes the following steps:

[0070] S1. The inner ring 171 of the adapter is integrally cast and formed, with a horizontal groove 26, and the width of the hollow part at the top of the horizontal groove 26 is greater than the outer diameter of the cylindrical roller bearing 281 of the end horizontal sliding member 28.

[0071] S2. First, lower the horizontal sliding member 28 at the end to the specified height with its axis parallel to the horizontal slide groove 26, and then rotate it 90° to be perpendicular to the horizontal slide groove 26.

[0072] S3. Install the tapered rollers, thrust cylindrical rollers, and cages onto the circumferential side and bottom surface of the inner ring 171 of the adapter, respectively.

[0073] S4. The outer ring 172 of the adapter is spliced ​​from two semi-circular arc plates. After the internal components are positioned and assembled, the outer ring of the adapter is assembled. After the adapter is connected, it is fixed by welding or bolt fasteners to make it a whole and meet the usage requirements.

[0074] When using the integrated adapter for wind turbine tower bending, shear and torsion testing, first place the steel tower 10 on the support 11 and place the adapter 17 on the top of the steel tower 10, so that the studs at the top of the steel tower 10 are inserted into the corresponding through holes and locked with nuts. Then place the loading beam 9 on the top of the adapter 17 and fix it with stud nuts. Then rotate the screw 24. During the rotation of the screw 24, it can drive the loading plate 23 to move in the slide 21, so that the loading plate 23 corresponds to the fourth actuator 12.

[0075] The first actuator 5 is driven by a hydraulic station, so that the output end of the first actuator 5 contacts the loading beam and continues to apply pressure, which can apply pressure to the axial load of the steel tower 10.

[0076] Simultaneously, the hydraulic station activates the second actuator 6 and the third actuator 8, causing them to contact the corresponding loading beam 9 and apply bending moment to the steel tower 10. At the same time, the fourth actuator 12 is activated, causing it to contact the loading plate 23. The loading plate 23 transmits horizontal shear force and torque to the tower, applying horizontal load pressure and coordinating the loading of horizontal force and torque of varying magnitudes. Through these four actuators, the combined load simulation of the tower under bending moment, vertical axial force, horizontal shear force, and torque is achieved. The schematic diagram of this coupled load loading is shown below. Figure 6 As shown, the free ends of the second actuator 6 and the third actuator 8 are both fixed to the loading plate on the loading beam 9 using pins. This device can meet the requirements of hysteresis test.

[0077] Example 2

[0078] like Figures 3-5 as well as Figures 8-16The illustrated integrated device for anti-interference decoupling and conversion during the bending, shearing, and torsion test of wind turbine towers, for the installation and fixing of hybrid towers: the longitudinal reinforcing bars of the hybrid tower extend out, the extended parts are threaded, and then connected and fixed to the support 11 and the conversion device 17 by bolts. The difference between Embodiment Two and Embodiment One is that the tower is a reinforced concrete hybrid tower 32. The connection between the conversion device 17 and the hybrid tower 32 is achieved by inserting the pre-embedded reinforcing bars 33 in the hybrid tower 32 into the oblong holes 31 of the conversion device 17 and then fixing it with nuts. The connection between the hybrid tower 33 and the support 11 is achieved by inserting the pre-embedded reinforcing bars 33 in the hybrid tower 32 into the oblong holes of the support 11 and then fixing it with nuts.

[0079] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and all such modifications or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. An integrated device for anti-interference decoupling and transfer of loads in wind turbine tower compression-bending-shear-torsion tests, characterized in that, It includes a reaction wall, a support fixedly connected to the ground, and four reaction columns set on one side of the reaction wall. A first reaction longitudinal beam is fixed between two corresponding reaction columns. A reaction cross beam is fixed at the top of the two first reaction longitudinal beams. A first actuator coaxial with the support is fixed at the bottom of the reaction cross beam. The top of the support is fixedly equipped with the tower to be tested. The top of the tower is connected to a loading beam through a transition device. The output end of the first actuator abuts against the loading beam to apply an axial load to the tower. A second reaction longitudinal beam is provided on one of the reaction columns. A third actuator is fixedly connected to the top of the second reaction longitudinal beam. A second actuator is fixedly connected to the bottom of the first reaction longitudinal beam. The output ends of both the third actuator and the second actuator abut against the loading beam. A fourth actuator is fixedly installed on one side of the reaction wall, and a connector for use with the fourth actuator is provided below the loading beam; a rectangular steel plate for use with the connector is provided on the side of the adapter corresponding to the connector; the adapter is equipped with a rotating component for load transfer. The rotating assembly includes an inner ring of a transfer device, a T-shaped end horizontal sliding member rotatably disposed inside the inner ring of the transfer device, several sets of thrust cylindrical roller bearings evenly arranged circumferentially along the bottom surface of the inner ring of the transfer device, several sets of tapered roller bearings evenly arranged circumferentially along the side surface of the inner ring of the transfer device, and an outer ring of the transfer device. The top of the end horizontal sliding member is fixedly connected to a circular steel plate for easy fixed connection with the loading beam. When rotating, the outer ring of the transfer device rotates around the axis, while the inner ring of the transfer device remains stationary. The inner ring of the adapter has a horizontal groove at the top center that matches the end horizontal sliding member. The inner ring of the adapter, located directly below the horizontal groove, has a vertical groove perpendicular to the horizontal groove. The end horizontal sliding member includes a cylindrical roller bearing and a T-shaped cylindrical shaft. The cylindrical roller bearing is fixed to both ends of the bottom crossbeam of the T-shaped cylindrical shaft by end caps. After the end horizontal sliding member is inserted into the designated position along the horizontal groove, it is rotated 90° and placed. The height of the vertical groove is greater than the outer diameter of the cylindrical roller bearing on the T-shaped cylindrical shaft. The cylindrical roller bearing is used to bear the vertical load transmitted to the device by the loading beam at the top of the adapter.

2. The anti-interference decoupling and transfer integrated device for load testing of wind turbine towers under bending, shear, and torsion as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The tapered roller bearings and thrust cylindrical roller bearings are of the same number and are arranged symmetrically at the center. A cage is fixedly installed through the tapered roller bearings and thrust cylindrical roller bearings, and the cage is used to fix the tapered roller bearings and thrust cylindrical roller bearings.

3. The anti-interference decoupling and transfer integrated device for load testing of wind turbine towers under bending, shear, and torsion conditions as described in any one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that, The circular steel plate and the loading beam are provided with multiple through holes at the top and bottom of the load beam, which are arranged in a ring. The circular steel plate and the load beam are fixedly connected by bolts. The bottom cantilever of the adapter is provided with multiple waist-shaped holes evenly distributed around the circumference to accommodate different cylinder diameters and different types of towers.

4. The anti-interference decoupling and transfer integrated device for wind turbine tower compression-bending-shear-torsion test loading as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The outer ring of the adapter is welded from two arc-shaped plates with semi-circular end faces, and a gap is left between the rotating component and the circular steel plate.

5. The anti-interference decoupling and transfer integrated device for load testing of wind turbine towers under bending, shear, and torsion as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The connecting component includes a loading longitudinal beam fixed to the bottom of the loading beam by bolts. A slide rail is provided at the bottom of the loading longitudinal beam. A guide rod is fixed through one side of the loading longitudinal beam. A loading plate that works with the fourth actuator is slidably provided in the slide rail. The loading plate is slidably sleeved on the guide rod. A screw is rotatably provided on one side of the loading longitudinal beam through a bearing. The loading plate is threadedly sleeved on the screw.

6. The loading method for the anti-interference decoupling and transfer integrated device for the bending, shear, and torsion test loading of wind turbine towers as described in claim 5, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Fix the tower to the support with fasteners, and then fix the adapter to the end of the tower with fasteners. At the same time, fix the loading beam, loading longitudinal beam and the circular steel plate and rectangular steel plate of the adapter with fasteners respectively. S2. Start the first actuator through the hydraulic station, so that the output end of the first actuator abuts against the loading beam, and then conduct an axial load test on the tower through the transfer device and the tower in sequence; S3. Simultaneously activate the second and third actuators through the hydraulic station to apply bending moment to the end of the tower, and simultaneously activate the fourth actuator to apply torsional and horizontal loads to the tower. Use a separate set of oil pumps to control the first actuator, and use another set of oil pumps to control the extension and retraction behavior of the second, third, and fourth actuators, so as to realize the simulation of the composite load of the tower under the action of bending moment, vertical axial force, horizontal shear force, and torque.

7. The loading method for the anti-interference decoupling and transfer integrated device for the bending, shear, and torsion test loading of wind turbine towers as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The assembly method of the transfer device in step S1 includes the following steps: S11. The inner ring of the adapter is integrally cast and formed, with a horizontal groove, and the width of the hollow part at the top of the horizontal groove is greater than the outer diameter of the cylindrical roller bearing of the end horizontal sliding part. S12. First, lower the horizontal sliding member at the end to the specified height with the axis direction parallel to the horizontal direction of the horizontal slide groove, and then rotate it 90° to be perpendicular to the horizontal direction of the horizontal slide groove. S13. Install the tapered rollers, thrust cylindrical rollers, and cages onto the circumferential side and bottom surface of the inner ring of the adapter, respectively. S14. The outer ring of the adapter is made of two semi-circular arc plates welded together. After the internal components are positioned and assembled, the outer ring of the adapter is assembled. After the adapter is connected, it is fixed by welding or bolt fasteners to make it a whole and meet the usage requirements.

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