Method and device for estimating landslide volume

Abstract

The invention provides a landslide volume estimation method and device, and relates to the technical field of surveying and mapping, and the method comprises the steps: carrying out the boundary recognition of a landslide remote sensing image, obtaining a landslide vector boundary, and obtaining a landslide orthographic projection plane; determining a landslide target area, a landslide target length and a landslide target width according to the landslide orthographic projection plane, and determining a target length-width ratio based on the landslide target length and the landslide target width; based on the landslide target area and the target length-width ratio, generating a normalized center distance based on an ellipsoid geometric model; and estimating the landslide volume based on the normalized center distance, the landslide target area and the landslide target width. Based on the technical scheme, the landslide volume can be quickly estimated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates to the field of surveying and mapping technology, and in particular to a method and device for estimating landslide volume. Background Art

[0002] Landslide volume is an important parameter for landslide hazard assessment. After a landslide occurs, timely and effective estimation of the landslide volume and selection of appropriate prevention and control measures based on the volume can effectively reduce the economic losses and casualties caused by the landslide.

[0003] Currently, landslide volume estimation primarily relies on digital elevation modeling (DEM) techniques: This involves obtaining high-precision digital elevation model (DEM) data from both before and after the landslide. This method is complex and time-consuming, making data difficult to obtain in remote locations. Furthermore, data acquisition is significantly affected by the environmental conditions of the work area. This method is only applicable to a single landslide. Translating to landslides in other regions or simultaneously estimating multiple landslides requires re-acquiring data and empirical parameters for the study area, resulting in a cumbersome and inefficient process.

[0004] When faced with large-scale landslide disasters, the scale and hazard assessment of landslides cannot be carried out quickly and in real time using existing estimation methods. Therefore, the current estimation methods have poor universality and slow estimation speed. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To overcome the problems existing in the related art, the present disclosure provides a method and device for estimating landslide volume, which can quickly estimate the landslide volume.

[0006] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present disclosure provides a method for estimating the volume of a landslide, the method comprising: performing boundary recognition on a landslide remote sensing image to obtain a landslide vector boundary, and obtaining an orthographic projection surface of the landslide; determining a target landslide area, a target landslide length, and a target landslide width based on the orthographic projection surface, and determining a target aspect ratio based on the target landslide length and the target landslide width; generating a normalized center distance based on an ellipsoidal geometric model based on the target landslide area and the target aspect ratio; and estimating the volume of the landslide based on the normalized center distance, the target landslide area, and the target landslide width.

[0007] Optionally, when the digital elevation model of the landslide cannot be obtained, the area of the orthogonal projection surface of the landslide is determined according to the vector boundary of the landslide; the length of the orthogonal projection surface of the landslide is measured; and the width of the orthogonal projection surface of the landslide is calculated according to the area of the orthogonal projection surface of the landslide and the length of the orthogonal projection surface of the landslide; wherein, the target area of the landslide is the area of the orthogonal projection surface of the landslide, the target length of the landslide is the length of the orthogonal projection surface of the landslide, and the target width of the landslide is the width of the orthogonal projection surface of the landslide.

[0008] Optionally, the estimated landslide volume is corrected according to a preset volume-volume power law relationship, and the corrected landslide volume is determined as the final volume of the landslide.

[0009] Optionally, when a digital elevation model of the landslide is obtained, the area of the orthogonal projection surface of the landslide is determined according to the landslide vector boundary, and the landslide slope surface area is determined based on the landslide slope gradient indicated by the digital elevation model and the landslide orthogonal projection surface area; the length of the orthogonal projection surface of the landslide is measured, and the length of the landslide slope surface is determined based on the length of the orthogonal projection surface and the landslide gradient; the width of the landslide slope surface is calculated based on the landslide slope surface area and the landslide slope length; wherein, the landslide target area is the landslide slope surface area, the landslide target length is the landslide slope length, and the landslide target width is the landslide slope surface width.

[0010] Optionally, the normalized center distance is back-calculated based on the target landslide area, the target aspect ratio, and a first preset formula; the first preset formula includes: ;in, represents the normalized center distance, h represents the distance from the center of the ellipsoid to the slope surface, c Represents an ellipsoid z The semi-minor axis length in the axial direction, represents the landslide target area, k Indicates the target aspect ratio.

[0011] Optionally, the first landslide volume is obtained based on the normalized center distance, the landslide target area, the landslide target width, and a second preset formula; the second preset formula includes: ;in, represents the first landslide volume, represents the landslide target area, Indicates the target width of the landslide.

[0012] Optionally, the estimated first landslide volume is corrected according to a preset volume-volume power law relationship indicated by a third preset formula, and the corrected second landslide volume is determined as the final volume of the landslide; the third preset formula includes: ;in, represents the second landslide volume, represents the landslide slope, is a preset constant.

[0013] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present disclosure provides a device for estimating the volume of a landslide, which includes: a landslide boundary acquisition module, a landslide parameter determination module, a volume parameter generation module, and a volume estimation module; the landslide boundary acquisition module is used to perform boundary recognition on a landslide remote sensing image to obtain a vector boundary of the landslide and obtain an orthographic projection surface of the landslide; the landslide parameter determination module is used to determine the landslide target area, landslide target length, and landslide target width based on the landslide orthographic projection surface, and determine the target aspect ratio based on the landslide target length and landslide target width; the volume parameter generation module is used to generate a normalized center distance based on an ellipsoid geometric model based on the landslide target area and target aspect ratio; and the landslide volume estimation module is used to estimate the landslide volume based on the normalized center distance, landslide target area, and landslide target width.

[0014] In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present disclosure provides a computer device, comprising: a processor; a memory for storing processor-executable instructions; wherein the processor is configured to: execute the steps of the landslide volume estimation method described in the first aspect above.

[0015] In a fourth aspect, an embodiment of the present disclosure provides a readable storage medium storing a program or instruction. When the program or instruction is executed by the processor, the steps of the landslide volume estimation method as described in the first aspect are implemented.

[0016] The technical solutions provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure may have the following beneficial effects: In the disclosed embodiment, first, the landslide remote sensing image is subjected to boundary recognition to obtain the landslide vector boundary and obtain the landslide orthographic projection surface; second, the landslide target area, landslide target length, and landslide target width are determined based on the landslide orthographic projection surface, and the target aspect ratio of the landslide is determined based on the landslide target length and landslide target width; then, a normalized center distance based on an ellipsoidal geometric model is generated based on the landslide target area and target aspect ratio; finally, the landslide volume is estimated based on the normalized center distance, landslide target area, and landslide target width. Based on this solution, no field measurement is required, and the landslide volume is estimated by obtaining the landslide area through the landslide orthographic projection surface based on satellite remote sensing images. The calculation is simple and can be applied to landslides occurring in different regions across the country. After a disaster occurs, the landslide volume can be quickly estimated based on satellite remote sensing images, thereby providing a reference for assessing the scale and hazard of landslides. The estimation is rapid and has strong universality.

[0017] It is to be understood that the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the disclosure. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the present disclosure and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the present disclosure.

[0019] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a system architecture for estimating landslide volume provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0020] Figure 2 A schematic flow chart of a landslide volume estimation method provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0021] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a landslide based on an ellipsoidal geometric model is provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0022] Figure 4 A schematic cross-sectional view of a landslide geometric model provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0023] Figure 5 A schematic flow chart of another landslide volume estimation method provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0024] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of an actual landslide provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0025] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of another actual landslide provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0026] Figure 8 This is a hardware structure diagram of the computer device where the landslide volume estimation system according to the embodiment of the present disclosure is located.

[0027] Figure 9 A schematic structural diagram of a landslide volume estimation device provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0028] Figure 10 A schematic structural diagram of another landslide volume estimation device provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] Exemplary embodiments will be described in detail herein, with examples illustrated in the accompanying drawings. In the following description, when referring to the drawings, identical numerals in different figures represent identical or similar elements, unless otherwise indicated. The embodiments described in the following exemplary embodiments are not intended to represent all possible embodiments consistent with the present disclosure. Rather, they are merely examples of apparatus and methods consistent with certain aspects of the present disclosure, as detailed in the appended claims.

[0030] The terms used in this disclosure are for the purpose of describing specific embodiments only and are not intended to limit the disclosure. As used in this disclosure and the appended claims, the singular forms "a," "an," "the," and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It should also be understood that the term "and / or" as used herein refers to and encompasses any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0031] It should be understood that although the terms first, second, third, etc. may be used in this disclosure to describe various information, such information should not be limited to these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish information of the same type from each other. For example, without departing from the scope of this disclosure, first information may also be referred to as second information, and similarly, second information may also be referred to as first information. Depending on the context, the word "if" as used herein may be interpreted as "at the time of" or "when" or "in response to determining."

[0032] Next, the embodiments of the present disclosure are described in detail.

[0033] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a system architecture for estimating landslide volume provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 1 As shown, system architecture 100 may include one or more terminal devices such as a smartphone 101, a portable computer 102, and a desktop computer 103, a network 104, and a server 105. Network 104 is a medium for providing a communication link between the terminal device and server 105. Network 104 may include various connection types, such as wired or wireless communication links or fiber optic cables.

[0034] The terminal device can be any electronic device with data processing capabilities, which has a display screen for displaying landslide remote sensing images to the user. The electronic device includes but is not limited to the aforementioned desktop computers, portable computers, smart phones, and tablet computers.

[0035] It should be understood that Figure 1 The number of terminal devices, networks and servers in the embodiment is merely illustrative. Any number of terminal devices, networks and servers may be provided as required.

[0036] The method provided in the embodiments of the present disclosure can be executed by a terminal device, and accordingly, the apparatus can be disposed in the terminal device. However, those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that the method for estimating landslide volume provided in the embodiments of the present disclosure can also be executed by a server, and accordingly, the apparatus can also be disposed in the server, and this exemplary embodiment does not specifically limit this.

[0037] like Figure 2 As shown, Figure 2 A flow chart of a landslide volume estimation method provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure includes the following steps S201 to S204: S201. Perform boundary recognition on the landslide remote sensing image to obtain the landslide vector boundary and obtain the landslide orthographic projection surface.

[0038] Optionally, at least one landslide vector boundary may be obtained from the acquired landslide remote sensing image through automatic recognition, or at least one landslide vector boundary may be manually circled in the acquired landslide remote sensing image, which is not specifically limited in the embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0039] S202: Determine the target landslide area, target landslide length, and target landslide width according to the orthographic projection surface of the landslide, and determine the target aspect ratio based on the target landslide length and target landslide width.

[0040] Alternatively, if the landslide DEM is unavailable and the accurate landslide slope cannot be determined, the landslide volume can be estimated directly based on the area, length, and width of the orthophoto projection. In this approach, the target landslide area is the orthophoto projection, and the target aspect ratio is the aspect ratio of the orthophoto projection.

[0041] Alternatively, if a DEM of the landslide is available, the accurate landslide gradient can be obtained based on the DEM. The landslide surface area, length (along the landslide direction), and width (perpendicular to the landslide direction) can then be determined based on the orthographic projection and the landslide gradient, leading to a landslide volume estimate. In this approach, the target landslide area is the landslide surface area, and the target landslide aspect ratio is the aspect ratio of the landslide surface.

[0042] It should be noted that the width of the orthographic projection of the landslide is equal to the width of the landslide slope.

[0043] S203: Based on the target landslide area and the target aspect ratio, a normalized center distance based on an ellipsoidal geometric model is generated.

[0044] In the embodiment of the present disclosure, the landslide volume is estimated based on an ellipsoidal geometric model, and the normalized center distance is the ratio of the distance from the center of the ellipsoid to the slope surface to the length of the semi-minor axis of the ellipsoid in the z-axis direction.

[0045] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a landslide based on an ellipsoidal geometric model is provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure, such as Figure 3 As shown in (a), the landslide is located on a slope of On a slope, an ellipsoid is constructed in space, parallel to the slope. The ellipsoid is partially embedded in the slope, and the surface intersecting the slope is the landslide surface. With the center of the ellipsoid as the origin, the y-axis is parallel to and along the slope, the x-axis is parallel to and perpendicular to the slope, and the xy-plane is aligned with the slope's inclination. The z-axis is perpendicular to the xy-plane. The corresponding orthographic projection of the landslide surface is the surface shown above the ellipsoid. Figure 3 (b) is the cross section of the landslide in the yz plane, and the landslide body is embedded in the slope. Figure 3 (c) in the figure is the top view of the landslide in the xy plane. Indicates the length of the semi-major axis of the ellipsoid in the y-axis direction, b Indicates the length of the semi-minor axis of the ellipsoid in the x-axis direction, c Indicates the length of the semi-minor axis of the ellipsoid in the z-axis direction, h represents the distance from the center of the ellipsoid to the slope surface, L represents the length of the ellipsoidal sliding surface, B Indicates the width of the ellipsoidal sliding surface and the slope of the landslide The angle between the slope and the horizontal plane.

[0046] Usually, in practical applications, it is impossible to directly measure and obtain the normalized center distance of the actual landslide.

[0047] In the embodiment of the present disclosure, the normalized center distance may be determined by the target landslide area and the target aspect ratio of the landslide.

[0048] S204: Estimate the landslide volume based on the normalized center distance, the landslide target area, and the landslide target width.

[0049] It should be noted that linear regression and model evaluation can be performed in advance based on existing landslide data to determine the correlation between the normalized center distance, landslide target area and landslide volume, and then the landslide volume can be estimated based on this correlation.

[0050] The disclosed embodiments provide a method for estimating landslide volume. First, boundary recognition is performed on landslide remote sensing images to obtain landslide vector boundaries and obtain the landslide orthographic projection surface. Second, based on the landslide orthographic projection surface, the target landslide area, target landslide length, and target landslide width are determined, and the target aspect ratio of the landslide is determined based on the target landslide length and target landslide width. Then, based on the landslide target area and target aspect ratio, a normalized center distance based on an ellipsoidal geometric model is generated. Finally, the landslide volume is estimated based on the normalized center distance, the landslide target area, and the landslide target width. Based on this solution, no field measurements are required. The landslide volume is estimated by obtaining the landslide area from the orthographic projection surface of the landslide based on satellite remote sensing images. The calculation is simple and applicable to landslides occurring in different regions across the country. After a disaster occurs, the landslide volume can be quickly estimated based on satellite remote sensing images, thereby providing a reference for assessing the scale and hazard of landslides. The estimation is rapid and has strong universality.

[0051] Optionally, in the landslide volume estimation method provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure, the above-mentioned S202 may specifically include the following S202a1 to S202a3: S202a1. When a digital elevation model of the landslide cannot be obtained, the orthographic projection area of the landslide is determined based on the vector boundary of the landslide.

[0052] For example, the orthographic projection area of the landslide can be calculated using a field calculator and the vector boundary range of the landslide.

[0053] S202a2. Measure the length of the orthographic projection surface of the landslide.

[0054] S202a3. Calculate the width of the orthographic projection surface of the landslide based on the area of the orthographic projection surface of the landslide and the length of the orthographic projection surface of the landslide.

[0055] Among them, in this scheme, the target area of the landslide is the area of the orthogonal projection surface of the landslide, the target length of the landslide is the length of the orthogonal projection surface of the landslide, and the target width of the landslide is the width of the orthogonal projection surface of the landslide.

[0056] Based on this scheme, when the DEM of the landslide cannot be obtained and the slope of the landslide cannot be accurately obtained, the relevant parameters for estimating the landslide volume can be directly determined based on the orthographic projection surface of the landslide, thereby making a relatively rough estimate of the landslide volume.

[0057] Optionally, in the landslide volume estimation method provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure, the above-mentioned S202 may specifically include the following S202b1 to S202b3: S202b1. When the landslide digital elevation model is obtained, the orthophoto projection area of the landslide is determined according to the landslide vector boundary, and the landslide slope area is determined based on the landslide slope indicated by the landslide digital elevation model and the orthophoto projection area.

[0058] S202b2. Measure the length of the orthographic projection surface of the landslide, and determine the length of the landslide slope surface based on the orthographic projection surface length and the landslide slope.

[0059] S202b3. Calculate the width of the landslide slope based on the landslide slope area and the landslide slope length.

[0060] Among them, in this scheme, the landslide target area is the landslide slope area, the landslide target length is the landslide slope length, and the landslide target width is the landslide slope width.

[0061] It should be noted that the width of the landslide slope is theoretically equal to the width of the landslide orthographic projection surface.

[0062] Based on this scheme, if the DEM of the landslide can be obtained, after determining the orthographic projection area of the landslide based on the vector boundary, the landslide surface area can be determined based on the landslide slope indicated by the DEM, and then the landslide surface length and width along the landslide direction can be determined, thereby making a relatively accurate estimate of the landslide volume.

[0063] Optionally, in the landslide volume estimation method provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure, the above-mentioned S203 can be specifically performed by the following S203a: S203a. Based on the target landslide area, target aspect ratio and formula (1), back-calculate the normalized center distance.

[0064] ; Formula (1) in, represents the normalized center distance, h represents the distance from the center of the ellipsoid to the slope surface, c Indicates the length of the semi-minor axis in the z-axis direction of the ellipsoid, represents the landslide target area, k Indicates the target aspect ratio.

[0065] Alternatively, if the DEM of the landslide cannot be obtained, the normalized center distance can be determined by the area of the landslide orthophoto projection surface and the aspect ratio of the landslide orthophoto projection surface.

[0066] Alternatively, if the DEM of the landslide is available, the landslide surface area and the landslide surface aspect ratio can be determined by the landslide orthographic projection surface and the landslide slope, and then the normalized center distance can be determined by the landslide surface area and the landslide surface aspect ratio.

[0067] It can be understood that, under the premise of obtaining the landslide slope area and landslide slope length, The landslide volume can then be estimated.

[0068] It should be noted that the constants and coefficients in the above formula (1) are obtained by regression training based on more than 2,000 landslide data collected from literature from 1995 to 2024. By studying the geometric information of nationwide landslide data summarized in literature from 1995 to 2024, the correlation between the normalized center distance and various parameters such as target aspect ratio, landslide length, landslide width, landslide surface area, and landslide volume was determined. Finally, it was determined that the normalized center distance after logit transformation is correlated with the landslide area and landslide aspect ratio.

[0069] Based on this scheme, the normalized center distance can be quickly determined based on the landslide surface area and the landslide aspect ratio, so that the landslide volume can be quickly estimated based on the normalized center distance.

[0070] Optionally, in the landslide volume estimation method provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure, the above-mentioned S204 may specifically include the following S204a execution: S204a: Obtain a first landslide volume based on the normalized center distance, the landslide target area, the landslide target width, and formula (2).

[0071] ;Formula (2) in, represents the first landslide volume, represents the landslide target area, Indicates the target width of the landslide.

[0072] It should be noted that, in the embodiment of the present disclosure, the geometric model is constructed based on the assumption of an ellipsoidal sliding surface. The ellipsoidal sliding surface represents the landslide slope surface, and the theoretical area of the landslide slope surface is the area of the ellipsoidal sliding surface. The landslide body is embedded in the slope surface, and the theoretical volume of the landslide is equal to the volume of the landslide body. Figure 3 Related theories of ellipsoidal geometric models, landslide theory volume V and ellipsoidal sliding surface area They can be expressed by the following formulas (3) and (4): ; Formula (3) ;Formula (4) in, represents the length of the semi-major axis in the y-axis direction, b Indicates the length of the semi-minor axis in the x-axis direction, c Indicates the semi-minor axis length in the z-axis direction.

[0073] In the case of an ellipsoidal sliding surface, the theoretical relationship between the landslide surface area and volume can be determined based on formulas (3) and (4) as formula (5): ;Formula (5) For actual landslides, no matter how the shape changes, it is assumed that the landslide is an area of The ellipsoidal sliding surface can be measured by taking the image along the landslide direction. L , based on the ellipsoidal sliding surface area The theoretical width of the landslide area can be deduced from the length of the ellipsoidal sliding surface B The theoretical value is formula (6): ;Formula (6) Combining the derivation of formula (5) and formula (6), we can obtain the theoretical calculation formula of landslide volume indicated by the following formula (7).

[0074] ;Formula (7) It should be noted that the theoretical derivation is based on the landslide slope area, landslide slope length and landslide slope width.

[0075] In the embodiment of the present disclosure, if the DEM of the landslide cannot be obtained, the landslide surface area cannot be determined. The landslide volume can be estimated based on the relevant parameters of the landslide orthophoto projection surface. Therefore, formula (7) can be rewritten as the above formula (2). In other words, the landslide volume can be estimated based on the above formula (2) using the landslide orthophoto projection surface area and the landslide orthophoto projection surface width; or the landslide surface area and the landslide surface width can be used to estimate the landslide volume based on the above formula (2).

[0076] Based on this scheme, after determining the normalized center distance, the landslide volume can be quickly estimated based on the landslide volume estimation method corresponding to the ellipsoid geometric model.

[0077] Optionally, in the landslide volume estimation method provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure, after the above-mentioned S204, the following S205 may be further included: S205 , correcting the estimated landslide volume according to a preset volume-volume power law relationship, and determining the corrected landslide volume as the final volume of the landslide.

[0078] It is understandable that when DEM is not available, the volume estimated based on the above method is not accurate enough. Therefore, it can be corrected based on the average angle of the landslide. The average angle is an empirical value and is usually between (10° and 45°).

[0079] Specifically, the above S205 can be specifically executed by the following S205a: S205a: According to the preset volume-volume power law relationship indicated by formula (8), the estimated first landslide volume is corrected, and the corrected second landslide volume is determined as the final volume of the landslide.

[0080] ;Formula (8) in, represents the second landslide volume, represents the first landslide volume, represents the landslide slope, is a preset constant.

[0081] It should be noted that in this correction method, The average angle of the landslide may be used.

[0082] Figure 4 A cross-sectional schematic diagram of a landslide geometric model provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure, combined with Figure 4 , the length of the semi-major axis in the y-axis direction Orthographic projection length of the semi-major axis in the y-axis direction There is a relationship expressed by formula (9): ;Formula (9) According to the definition of the geometric modeling method, the semi-minor axis (i.e., the length of the semi-minor axis in the x-axis direction) corresponding to the landslide width (i.e., the dimension perpendicular to the landslide direction) b ) are not affected by this transformation.

[0083] Using the above description, determine the theoretical area of the landslide slope A According to the landslide slope Changes in the landslide orthographic projection area Combined with the above formula (4), the orthographic projection area of the landslide is It can be written as the following formula (10): ;Formula (10) because c 、 h They are all different lengths in the same direction (perpendicular to the slope surface). When the landslide area is observed from different directions (along the orthogonal direction and perpendicular to the landslide surface), their ratio will not change with the size of the area and length. Therefore, the theoretical area of the landslide slope is A and the orthographic projection area of the landslide The ratio can be expressed as formula (11): ;Formula (11) The embodiment of the present disclosure also provides an area-volume power law relationship between the landslide area and the landslide volume, as shown in the following formula (12): ;Formula (12) in, represents the estimated landslide volume, represents the landslide target area, and is a preset constant.

[0084] In the embodiment of the present disclosure, the empirical constants in the above formula are obtained by regression calculation of collected landslide data. At the same time, the constant range in the area-volume power law relationship is obtained according to the regression results of landslides in different regions such as provinces and cities. ∈(0.018, 0.058), ∈(1.140, 1.436).

[0085] For example, Table 1 is an exemplary table of constants in an area-volume power law relationship provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0086] Table 1 Table 1 shows the constants that can be used in the whole country and the constants corresponding to the four major regions. If it can be determined that the landslide area belongs to one of the four regions, the corresponding constant can be used directly. If it is determined that the landslide area does not belong to one of the four regions, the corresponding constant for the whole country can be used.

[0087] Based on this scheme, when DEM data cannot be obtained, the preset constant in the above area-volume power law relationship can be used. Correct the estimated landslide volume to make the estimated result more accurate.

[0088] Based on the area-volume power law relationship indicated by formula (12), based on the orthographic projection area Calculated landslide volume Based on the theoretical area of landslide slope A Calculated theoretical value of landslide volume V The ratio between them can be determined by the following formula (13): ; Formula (13) Therefore, based on the above formula (13), it can be determined , the estimated first landslide volume Substituting into, we can get the above formula (8).

[0089] Therefore, when DEM is available, the landslide surface area can be obtained to obtain the estimation of the landslide volume closest to the actual landslide volume, or the landslide volume calculated from the landslide orthophoto projection area can be corrected based on the average slope.

[0090] In the absence of a DEM, or because the distribution of multiple landslides is too wide to calculate the landslide surface area one by one, the landslide slope is taken as The range of is between 10° and 45°. β (i.e., empirical constant of landslide power law function) has a value range of 1.140~1.436. Substituting the slope and the empirical constant into formula (13) to calculate and The difference between the range is: 1.73% ( =10°, β =1.140) to 32.64% ( =45°, β =1.436), and thus the estimated range of the actual landslide volume can be obtained.

[0091] Based on this scheme, when the landslide slope cannot be obtained, the landslide volume can be estimated based on the area of the landslide orthographic projection surface. After the estimation is completed based on the landslide volume estimation formula, the estimated volume can be corrected based on the preset volume-volume power law relationship to obtain a more accurate landslide volume.

[0092] Figure 5 Another landslide volume estimation process diagram provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 5 As shown in , first obtain the landslide remote sensing image, then determine the landslide orthophoto projection surface based on the landslide vector boundary, and obtain the area, length and width of the landslide orthophoto projection surface. Determine whether DEM can be obtained. If DEM cannot be obtained, directly determine the aspect ratio based on the length and width of the landslide orthophoto projection surface; if DEM can be obtained, the area, length and width of the slope surface can be determined based on the area, length and slope of the landslide orthophoto projection surface, and the aspect ratio can be determined based on the length and width of the landslide slope surface. Then, a geometric model is constructed based on the obtained landslide parameters to determine , based on the ellipsoid geometry model, the landslide volume is estimated. Determine whether a DEM is used. If not, a volume correction is performed based on the volume-volume power law relationship. If a DEM is used, the estimated volume is the final landslide volume.

[0093] Example 1: Actual landslide Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of an actual landslide provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure. According to the currently available information, the actual landslide is in the shape of a long, oblique trumpet and distributed in a broken line. The orthographic projection area of the landslide is 8.4×10 4 m 2, 291m long, 130m wide, and a total volume of 1.60×10 6 m 3 .

[0094] In the verification experiment, Figure 6 In (a), the landslide area and the length and width of the landslide are manually circled. Figure 6 In (b), the grid surface area is calculated using the DEM surface tools based on the 30m resolution DEM of the landslide area, as shown in Figure 6 In (c), the grid points were rotated and summed to obtain the landslide surface area and the length along the landslide direction was measured. The actual slope of Landslide 1 ranges from 13° to 42° (at the source area), with an average slope of 29.13°. Substituting these parameters into the geometric model, the volume was calculated using the formula and corrected for the average slope. The results are shown in Table 2.

[0095] Table 2 The geometric modeling method estimates the volume of the landslide source area. During the landslide sliding process, the material in the source area will carry and accumulate more loose materials during movement and deformation, which will lead to an increase in the volume of the accumulation body. Therefore, in order to distinguish the post-slide accumulation body from the original volume of the landslide, the experiment uses an empirical value of the expansion coefficient of 20% to calculate the post-slide volume. That is, when cross-validating with the actual volume of the entire landslide body, the estimated result is multiplied by 1.2 according to the needs of practical applications and then verified with the post-slide volume in the public information. It can be seen that the relative error of the volume estimated by the landslide slope area is lower, and for the volume estimated by the orthographic projection surface of the landslide, after introducing the correction of the average slope ( β The values used are 0.033 and 1.305 corresponding to the Yellow River Basin in Table 1, i.e. V 3=0.033· A 1 1.305 ), the relative error was reduced from 27.52% to 13.54%. In the absence of DEM data, based on the fact that landslide slopes generally occur between 10° and 45°, the estimated landslide volume range is roughly (1.18-1.82)×10 6 m 3 between.

[0096] Example 2: Actual Landslide 2 The actual landslide 2 has a large sliding surface area, with a length of 1144m and a maximum width of 960m. The landslide volume is calculated from the mass conservation method to be between (2.2~2.8)×10 7 m 3 .

[0097] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of another actual landslide provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 7 In (a), the landslide area and the length and width of the landslide are manually circled. Figure 7 In (b), the grid surface area is calculated using the DEM surface tools based on the 30m resolution DEM of the landslide area, as shown in Figure 7 In (c), after turning the points, sum up to obtain the landslide surface area and measure the length along the landslide direction.

[0098] The actual slope of landslide 2 ranges from 8° to 37°, with an average of 22.53°. Substituting these parameters into the landslide volume estimation step and correcting the results based on the average slope, the calculated results and errors are shown in Table 3 below: Table 3 The experiment found that the actual scale of landslide 2 was large, with an estimated volume of more than 1 million cubic meters, which is a large landslide (1 million to 10 million cubic meters). After the volume was calculated and corrected based on the geometric model method, it can be seen that the estimated volume is within the range (2.2 ~ 2.8)×10 7 m 3 The estimated range is consistent with the inversion range in magnitude.

[0099] Experimental verification of two landslides demonstrates that the error in the landslide volume estimation process employed in this disclosure is significantly affected by the accuracy of the landslide area measurement, but the overall scale remains consistent. The process utilizes a volume-volume power law relationship combined with slope gradient to mitigate the error, resulting in an estimate closer to the true volume. Even in the absence of DEM data, a volume estimation range can still be provided.

[0100] The rapid estimation of landslide volume based on the improved geometric modeling method in the embodiment of the present disclosure overcomes the problems of difficulty in obtaining data, complex technical processes, inability to carry out large-scale operations, and low processing efficiency in previous volume estimation. It can quickly estimate the volume based only on landslide geometric information without the need for on-site exploration data. It has the advantages of a simple model and rapid estimation, and is suitable for landslide volume estimation in different regions.

[0101] Corresponding to the aforementioned method embodiments, the present disclosure also provides embodiments of a device and a terminal to which the device is applied.

[0102] The embodiment of the landslide volume estimation device disclosed in the present invention can be applied to a computer device, such as a server or a terminal device. The embodiment of the landslide volume estimation device can be implemented by software, or by hardware or a combination of software and hardware. Taking software implementation as an example, as a landslide volume estimation device in a logical sense, it is formed by the processor of the landslide volume estimation device reading the corresponding computer program instructions in the non-volatile memory into the memory and running it. From the hardware level, if Figure 8 The figure shows a hardware structure diagram of the computer device where the landslide volume estimation device of the embodiment of the present disclosure is located. Figure 8 In addition to the processor 810, memory 830, network interface 820, and non-volatile memory 840 shown, the server or electronic device where the landslide volume estimation method 831 is located in the embodiment may also include other hardware according to the actual function of the computer device, which will not be described in detail.

[0103] Figure 9 A landslide volume estimation device provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure, such as Figure 9 As shown in , a device for estimating landslide volume 900 includes: a landslide boundary acquisition module 901, a landslide parameter determination module 902, a volume parameter generation module 903, and a landslide volume estimation module 904; the landslide boundary acquisition module 901 is used to perform boundary recognition on a landslide remote sensing image to obtain a vector boundary of the landslide and obtain an orthographic projection surface of the landslide; the landslide parameter determination module 902 is used to determine the landslide target area, the landslide target length, and the landslide target width according to the orthographic projection surface of the landslide, and determine the target aspect ratio based on the landslide target length and the landslide target width; the volume parameter generation module 903 is used to generate a normalized center distance based on an ellipsoid geometric model based on the landslide target area and the target aspect ratio; and the landslide volume estimation module 904 is used to estimate the landslide volume based on the normalized center distance, the landslide target area, and the landslide target width.

[0104] Optionally, the landslide parameter determination module 902 is specifically used to: determine the area of the landslide orthogonal projection surface according to the landslide vector boundary when the digital elevation model of the landslide cannot be obtained; measure the length of the landslide orthogonal projection surface; calculate the width of the landslide orthogonal projection surface according to the area of the landslide orthogonal projection surface and the length of the landslide orthogonal projection surface; wherein the landslide target area is the area of the landslide orthogonal projection surface, the landslide target length is the length of the landslide orthogonal projection surface, and the landslide target width is the width of the landslide orthogonal projection surface.

[0105] Optionally, combined Figure 9 ,like Figure 10 As shown in , the device 900 for estimating the landslide volume further includes: a correction module 905; the correction module 905 is configured to correct the estimated landslide volume according to a preset volume-volume power law relationship, and determine the corrected landslide volume as the final volume of the landslide.

[0106] Optionally, the landslide parameter determination module 902 is specifically used to: when a landslide digital elevation model is obtained, determine the landslide orthophoto projection area according to the landslide vector boundary, and determine the landslide slope area based on the landslide gradient and the landslide orthophoto projection area indicated by the landslide digital elevation model; measure the landslide orthophoto projection length, and determine the landslide slope length based on the landslide orthophoto projection length and the landslide gradient; calculate the landslide slope width based on the landslide slope area and the landslide slope length; wherein the landslide target area is the landslide slope area, the landslide target length is the landslide slope length, and the landslide target width is the landslide slope width.

[0107] Optionally, the volume parameter generating module 903 is specifically configured to: inversely calculate the normalized center distance based on the landslide target area, the target aspect ratio, and a first preset formula; the first preset formula includes: ;in, represents the normalized center distance, h represents the distance from the center of the ellipsoid to the slope surface, c Indicates the length of the semi-minor axis in the z-axis direction of the ellipsoid, represents the landslide target area, k Indicates the target aspect ratio.

[0108] Optionally, the landslide volume estimation module 904 is specifically configured to obtain a first landslide volume based on the normalized center distance, the landslide target area, the landslide target width, and a second preset formula; the second preset formula includes: ;in, represents the first landslide volume, represents the landslide target area, Indicates the target width of the landslide.

[0109] Optionally, the correction module is specifically configured to correct the estimated first landslide volume according to a preset volume-volume power law relationship indicated by a third preset formula, and determine the corrected second landslide volume as the final volume of the landslide; the third preset formula includes: ;in, represents the second landslide volume, represents the landslide slope, is a preset constant.

[0110] The disclosed embodiments provide a device for estimating landslide volume. First, boundary recognition is performed on a landslide remote sensing image to obtain a landslide vector boundary, thereby obtaining an orthophoto projection surface. Second, based on the orthophoto projection surface, the target landslide area, target length, and target width are determined, and the target aspect ratio of the landslide is determined based on the target length and target width. Then, a normalized center distance based on an ellipsoidal geometric model is generated based on the target landslide area and target aspect ratio. Finally, the landslide volume is estimated based on the normalized center distance, the target landslide area, and the target landslide width. Based on this solution, no field measurements are required. The landslide volume is estimated by simply obtaining the landslide area from the orthophoto projection surface of the landslide based on satellite remote sensing images. The calculation is simple and applicable to landslides occurring in different regions across the country. After a disaster occurs, the landslide volume can be quickly estimated based on satellite remote sensing images, thereby providing a reference for assessing the scale and hazard of landslides. The estimation is rapid and has strong universality.

[0111] Accordingly, the present disclosure further provides a computer device, comprising a processor and a memory for storing instructions executable by the processor; wherein the processor is configured to execute the various steps in the above-mentioned landslide volume estimation method embodiment.

[0112] The present disclosure further provides a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon. When the computer program is executed by a processor, the computer program implements the various steps in the above-mentioned landslide volume estimation method embodiment.

[0113] The implementation process of the functions and effects of each module in the above-mentioned device is specifically described in the implementation process of the corresponding steps in the above-mentioned method, and will not be repeated here.

[0114] For the device embodiments, since they basically correspond to the method embodiments, the relevant parts can be referred to the partial description of the method embodiments. The device embodiments described above are merely illustrative, wherein the modules described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components displayed as modules may or may not be physical modules, that is, they may be located in one place, or they may be distributed on multiple network modules. Some or all of the modules may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the disclosed solution. Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand and implement it without paying any creative work.

[0115] The foregoing description describes specific embodiments of the present disclosure. Other embodiments are within the scope of the appended claims. In some cases, the actions or steps recited in the claims can be performed in an order different from that described in the embodiments and still achieve the desired results. Furthermore, the processes depicted in the accompanying drawings do not necessarily require the specific order shown or the sequential order to achieve the desired results. In certain embodiments, multitasking and parallel processing are also possible or may be advantageous.

[0116] Other embodiments of the present disclosure will readily occur to those skilled in the art after considering the specification and practicing the inventions claimed herein. This disclosure is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the present disclosure that follow the general principles of the present disclosure and include common knowledge or customary techniques in the art not claimed herein. The description and examples are to be considered as exemplary only, with the true scope and spirit of the present disclosure being indicated by the following claims.

[0117] It should be understood that the present disclosure is not limited to the exact structures that have been described above and shown in the drawings, and that various modifications and changes can be made without departing from the scope thereof. The scope of the present disclosure is limited only by the appended claims.

[0118] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present disclosure and is not intended to limit the present disclosure. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present disclosure should be included in the scope of protection of the present disclosure.

Claims

1. A method for estimating landslide volume, characterized in that: The method comprises: Boundary recognition is performed on the landslide remote sensing image to obtain the landslide vector boundary and the orthographic projection surface of the landslide; Determining a target landslide area, a target landslide length, and a target landslide width according to the orthographic projection surface of the landslide, and determining a target aspect ratio based on the target landslide length and the target landslide width; generating a normalized center distance based on an ellipsoidal geometric model based on the target landslide area and the target aspect ratio; The landslide volume is estimated based on the normalized center distance, the landslide target area, and the landslide target width.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that Determining the target landslide area, target landslide length, and target landslide width based on the orthographic projection surface of the landslide includes: In the case where a digital elevation model of the landslide cannot be obtained, determining the orthographic projection area of the landslide according to the landslide vector boundary; Measure the length of the landslide orthographic projection surface; Calculating the width of the landslide orthographic projection surface according to the area of the landslide orthographic projection surface and the length of the landslide orthographic projection surface; The target landslide area is the area of the orthogonal projection surface of the landslide, the target landslide length is the length of the orthogonal projection surface of the landslide, and the target landslide width is the width of the orthogonal projection surface of the landslide.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that After estimating the landslide volume based on the normalized center distance, the landslide target area, and the landslide target width, the method further includes: The estimated landslide volume is corrected according to a preset volume-volume power law relationship, and the corrected landslide volume is determined as the final volume of the landslide.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein Determining the target landslide area, target landslide length, and target landslide width based on the orthographic projection surface of the landslide includes: When a landslide digital elevation model is obtained, the landslide orthographic projection area is determined according to the landslide vector boundary, and the landslide slope area is determined based on the landslide slope indicated by the landslide digital elevation model and the landslide orthographic projection area; Measuring the length of the orthographic projection surface of the landslide, and determining the length of the landslide slope surface based on the orthographic projection surface length of the landslide and the landslide slope; Calculating the width of the landslide slope according to the landslide slope area and the landslide slope length; The target landslide area is the area of the landslide surface, the target landslide length is the length of the landslide surface, and the target landslide width is the width of the landslide surface.

5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that The generating of a normalized center distance based on an ellipsoidal geometric model based on the target landslide area and the target aspect ratio includes: Back-calculating the normalized center distance based on the landslide target area, the target aspect ratio, and a first preset formula; The first preset formula includes: ; in, represents the normalized center distance, h represents the distance from the center of the ellipsoid to the slope surface, c Indicates the length of the semi-minor axis in the z-axis direction of the ellipsoid, represents the target area of the landslide, k Indicates the target aspect ratio.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that The estimating the landslide volume based on the normalized center distance, the landslide target area, and the landslide target width includes: Obtaining a first landslide volume based on the normalized center distance, the landslide target area, the landslide target width, and a second preset formula; The second preset formula includes: ; in, represents the first landslide volume, represents the target area of the landslide, Indicates the target width of the landslide.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that The estimated landslide volume is corrected according to a preset volume-volume power law relationship, and the corrected landslide volume is determined as the final volume of the landslide, including: Correcting the estimated first landslide volume according to a preset volume-volume power law relationship indicated by a third preset formula, and determining the corrected second landslide volume as the final volume of the landslide; The third preset formula includes: ; in, represents the second landslide volume, represents the landslide slope, is a preset constant.

8. A device for estimating landslide volume, characterized in that: The estimation device includes: a landslide boundary acquisition module, a landslide parameter determination module, a volume parameter generation module and a landslide volume estimation module; The landslide boundary acquisition module is used to perform boundary recognition on the landslide remote sensing image to obtain the vector boundary of the landslide and obtain the orthographic projection surface of the landslide; The landslide parameter determination module is used to determine the landslide target area, the landslide target length and the landslide target width according to the landslide orthographic projection surface, and determine the target aspect ratio based on the landslide target length and the landslide target width; The volume parameter generating module is used to generate a normalized center distance based on an ellipsoidal geometric model based on the landslide target area and the target aspect ratio; The landslide volume estimation module is used to estimate the landslide volume based on the normalized center distance, the landslide target area and the landslide target width.

9. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that: When the computer program is executed by a processor, the method for estimating the landslide volume according to any one of claims 1 to 7 is implemented.

10. An electronic device, characterized in that: include: processor; and a memory storing computer-readable instructions, wherein the computer-readable instructions, when executed by the processor, implement the method for estimating the landslide volume according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

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