Large-water-level variable-amplitude river reach fish transferring and releasing system and operation method

Abstract

The invention provides a large-water-level variable-amplitude river reach fish transferring and releasing system and an operation method thereof, and relates to the technical field of water conservancy and hydropower ecological protection.The system comprises a fish collecting and transporting ship, the fish collecting and transporting ship transfers fishes into a transfer trolley through the transferring and releasing system, and the transferring and releasing system is arranged from the top end of a bank slope to the bottom of a river channel; the transferring and releasing system comprises a transferring channel, a plurality of overturning plates are arranged on the upstream face of the transferring channel from bottom to top at equal intervals, an overturning door is arranged at the top end of the downstream face of the transferring channel, a regulation and control plate is movably arranged in the transferring channel, the regulation and control plate is of a net-shaped structure and made of materials with the density lower than that of water, and a balance weight is arranged on the regulation and control plate. A water outlet of the water supplementing system is formed in the water inlet in the bottom of the transfer channel. The invention provides a high-efficiency and low-cost fish passing means for high dams and large reservoirs.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of water conservancy and hydropower ecological protection, in particular to a fish transport and release system for a river section with large water level and amplitude fluctuation and an operation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] To promote genetic exchange between fish upstream and downstream of dams and mitigate the isolating effects of dam construction on aquatic ecosystems, most new high-dam and large-reservoir hydropower projects incorporate fish-passing facilities, primarily fishways, fish hoists, and fish collection and transport systems. Fish hoists and fish collection and transport systems attract and lift fish downstream of the dam, then typically transport them long distances to the tail end of the reservoir or into tributaries for release, ultimately completing the entire fish migration process. However, research on fish-passing systems for high-dam fish passages presents an industry challenge: due to reservoir operation, water levels in the tail end of the reservoir often fluctuate by tens or even hundreds of meters. Transfer vehicles and fish collection vessels are fixed in their berths, making it difficult for them to adapt to the large water-level fluctuations of the reservoir when transferring fish from the water to shore or vice versa. This results in a wide range of river sections for fish passages, operational difficulties, and excessive investment.

[0003] Patent publication number CN115450160B discloses a high-dam fish transfer and release system and method, belonging to the fields of water conservancy and hydropower engineering and environmental engineering technology. The system includes a dock platform, a winch, a fish transport box, and a rail car. The dock platform is located on the bank slope upstream of the high dam. Several slideways are arranged side by side on the bank slope below the dock platform. The winch is located on the dock platform. The rail car is movable on the slideways and connected to the winch. The fish transport box is located on the rail car. After the fish transport box is placed on the rail car, the winch drives the rail car carrying the fish transport box down to the vicinity of the reservoir water surface. The fish in the fish transport box are then released into the reservoir water. This release method minimizes the height difference between the fish transport box and the reservoir water surface, greatly reducing damage to the fish caused by friction and impact during the release process. Although technical solutions for high-dam fish passage facilities have been proposed in existing technical literature, they still face significant challenges in actual application: first, the cost of project implementation is high; second, when dealing with water level fluctuations of hundreds of meters and frequent daily adjustment operating conditions, the system energy consumption increases significantly, the operating process is relatively complex, and there are potential risks to operational safety and stability. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention provides a fish transfer and release system for a river section with large water level and amplitude variation, aiming to solve the technical problems of high cost and high energy consumption in the prior art for releasing fish in the face of a high dam.

[0005] The present invention provides the following technical solutions to achieve the above objectives: A fish transfer and release system for a river section with large water level fluctuations includes a fish collecting and transporting vessel, which transfers fish to a transfer vehicle through the transfer and release system. The transfer and release system is arranged along the top of the bank slope to the bottom of the river channel. The transfer and release system includes a transfer channel. A plurality of flip plates are arranged at equal intervals from bottom to top on the water-facing surface of the transfer channel. A flip door is arranged at the top of the water-repellent surface of the transfer channel. A control plate is movably arranged inside the transfer channel. The control plate has a mesh structure and is made of a material with a density lower than that of water. A counterweight is arranged on the control plate. A gate is arranged at the bottom of the transfer channel, and a water inlet is arranged on the side of the transfer channel adjacent to the gate. The water inlet is connected to the water outlet of the water replenishment system, and a valve is arranged on the water inlet.

[0006] Furthermore, the cross-section of the transfer channel is rectangular, and guide rails are provided at the four corner points inside the transfer channel.

[0007] Furthermore, the control plate is movably connected to the guide rail via a slider.

[0008] Furthermore, the water replenishment system includes a water pump, which is connected to a water diversion pipe, and the water outlet of the water diversion pipe is connected to the water inlet; the setting elevation of the water pump is greater than the top elevation setting of the transfer and discharge system.

[0009] Furthermore, the rotating shafts of the plurality of flip plates are arranged at the bottom of the flip plates and the flip plates are turned on and off by a flip motor.

[0010] Furthermore, the rotating shaft of the flip door is arranged at the bottom of the flip door and the opening and closing of the flip door is controlled by an electric cylinder.

[0011] Furthermore, the material of the control plate includes titanium alloy and aluminum alloy.

[0012] Furthermore, the gaps in the mesh structure of the control plate are determined according to the fish in the set river section, ensuring that the gaps do not affect the passage of water when fish cannot pass through.

[0013] The operation method of the fish transfer and release system in a river section with large water level fluctuation includes the following steps: S1. When fish need to be transferred from the fish transport vessel to the transfer vehicle, according to the water level, the turning plate on the same water level as the fish transport vessel is opened so that the turning plate is connected to the fish transport vessel. At this time, the counterweight of the control plate is adjusted so that the control plate sinks into the water, and some water is reserved in the transfer channel. The reserved water volume is determined according to the number of fish to be transferred. The fish to be transferred are transported from the fish transport vessel to the reserved water volume, and then the turning plate and the gate at the bottom of the transfer channel are closed, and the water supply system is turned on to inject water into the transfer channel. As the water volume increases, the control plate automatically floats up and drives the fish to move towards the turning gate. When the water level reaches the height of the turning gate, the turning gate is opened, the turning gate is connected to the transfer vehicle, and the fish are transferred to the transfer vehicle to complete the transfer; S2. When it is necessary to transfer fish from the transfer vehicle to the fish transport vessel, open the flip door to connect it to the transfer vehicle, adjust the counterweight of the control plate so that the control plate sinks into the water, close the gate at the bottom of the transfer channel, and open the water supply system to inject water into the transfer channel. As the water volume increases, the control plate automatically floats up. When the water level reaches the height of the flip door, close the valve at the water inlet to stop injecting water, and transport the fish in the transfer vehicle to the transfer channel. Open the gate at the bottom of the transfer channel to gradually lower the water level in the transfer channel. When the water level drops to the same level as the fish transport vessel, close the gate at the bottom of the transfer channel, and open the flip plate corresponding to the fish transport vessel so that the flip plate is connected to the fish transport vessel, and transfer the fish from the transfer channel to the fish transport vessel to complete the transfer.

[0014] Furthermore, the fish collection and transportation vessel is connected to the turning plate via a pontoon. Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. A fish transfer channel adapted to river sections with large water level fluctuations has been created. This invention establishes a channel extending from the top of the bank slope to the bottom of the river channel in reservoir areas, reservoir tails, or river sections downstream of dams with large water level fluctuations. Several flip plates are installed on the water-facing side of the channel, and a flip gate is installed on the backwater side of the top of the channel. This creates an independently usable channel for transferring and releasing fish. This facilitates transferring fish from higher-elevation banks to lower-water-level channels through the channel, and also facilitates transferring fish from lower-water-level channels to higher-elevation banks through the channel. This provides a new design approach for fish transfer and release systems in high-dam and large reservoirs (especially those with large water level fluctuations).

[0015] 2. Innovative portable, low-energy fish transfer and release method. This invention breaks away from the previous design concept of using mechanical and electrical energy to transfer and release fish. Instead, a control plate that slides up and down along a guide rail is installed on the fish transfer channel. The control plate is made of a material with a density less than that of water. It neither completely floats on the water surface nor can it be stably maintained at a certain depth below the water surface. The transferred fish can be confined to the area between the water surface and the control plate. Water is replenished by a water replenishment system at a higher elevation upstream and drained by a gate at the bottom of the transfer channel. The water level in the transfer channel is dynamically controlled, allowing for seamless and dynamic adaptation to water level changes. The control plate cleverly utilizes the buoyancy principle and water level control function to achieve vertical transfer and release of fish. The number and weight of the control plate counterweights can be adjusted according to the number of fish being transferred to control the space for fish transfer. This patented innovative low-energy fish transfer and release method provides a new fish transfer and release method for river sections with large water level fluctuations that is energy-efficient, material-refined, and operationally controllable. It has broad application prospects in fish crossing dam systems for large reservoirs.

[0016] 3. Constructed a multi-operational fish transfer and release model that meets complex operating conditions. This patent constructs fish transfer and release models under three fish passage facility conditions: "fish elevator + transfer vehicle + transfer and release system + fish collection and transport vessel", "fish collection and transport vessel + ship lock + transfer and release system + transfer vehicle", and "fish collection and transport vessel + transfer and release system + transfer vehicle". This provides a matching and applicable fish passage model for various fish passage facilities for upstream and downstream fish passage.

[0017] 4. Compared with the existing technology, the present invention reduces engineering investment and construction difficulty, and provides a new means of fish passage for high dams and large reservoirs. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 Layout of the patented fish release system (fish elevator + transfer vehicle + transfer and release system + fish collection and transport vessel); Figure 2 Layout diagram of the patented fish release system (fish collection and transport vessel + lock + transfer and release system + transfer vehicle); Figure 3 Layout of the patented fish release system (fish collection vessel + transfer and release system + transfer vehicle); Figure 4 Cross-sectional view of the low-water-level transfer and release process; Figure 5 Side view of the low-water-level transfer and release process; Figure 6 Cross-sectional view of the mid-water level transfer and discharge process; Figure 7 Side view of the mid-water level transfer and release process; Figure 8 Cross-sectional view of the high water level transfer and release process; Figure 9 Side view of the high water level transfer and release process; Figure 10 Detailed drawing of the control panel; Figure 11 Detail of the gate.

[0019] Figure numerals: 1-dam; 2-fish lifting machine; 3-transfer slide; 4-transfer vehicle; 5-transfer road; 6-transfer and release system; 601-transfer channel; 602-water inlet; 603 top flip door; 604-electric cylinder 1; 605-flip plate; 606-control panel; 607-guide rail; 608-slider; 609-counterweight; 610-flip motor; 611-gate; 7-water supply system; 701-water pump; 702-water diversion pipe; 8-pontoon; 9-fish collection and transportation ship; 10-lock. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] To facilitate understanding of the present invention, the present application will be described more comprehensively below with reference to the relevant drawings; the drawings show preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention can be implemented in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein; on the contrary, the purpose of providing these embodiments is to enable a more thorough and comprehensive understanding of the disclosed content of the present invention.

[0021] It should be noted that the terms “vertical”, “horizontal”, “up”, “down”, “left”, “right” and similar expressions used in this document are for illustrative purposes only and do not represent the only implementation method.

[0022] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which this invention pertains; the terms used herein in the specification of the present invention are for the purpose of describing specific embodiments only and are not intended to limit the present invention; the term "and / or" used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0023] Example. A fish transfer and release system for a river with large water level fluctuation, with reference to the structure Figures 4 to 11 , including a fish collecting and transporting ship 9, which transfers fish to a transfer vehicle 4 through a transfer and releasing system 6. The transfer and releasing system 6 is arranged along the top of the bank slope to the bottom of the river channel. The transfer and releasing system 6 includes a transfer channel 601. The water-facing surface of the transfer channel 601 is provided with a number of flip plates 605 at equal intervals from bottom to top. A flip door 603 is provided at the top of the back surface of the transfer channel 601. A regulating plate 606 is movably provided inside the transfer channel 601. The regulating plate 606 is a mesh structure and is made of a material with a density lower than that of water. A counterweight 609 is provided on the regulating plate 606; a gate 611 is provided at the bottom of the transfer channel 601, and a water inlet 602 is provided on the side of the transfer channel 601 adjacent to the gate 611. The water inlet 602 is connected to the water outlet of the water replenishment system 7, and a valve is provided on the water inlet 602. The cross section of the transfer channel 601 is rectangular, and guide rails are provided at the four corner points inside the transfer channel 601 ; the regulating plate 606 is movably connected to the guide rails via a slider 608 .

[0024] The water replenishment system 7 includes a water pump 701 connected to a water diversion pipe 702, the outlet of which is connected to the water inlet 602. The water pump 701 is installed at a higher elevation than the top elevation of the transfer and discharge system 6. The rotating shafts of the plurality of flip plates 605 are located at the bottom of the flip plates 605, and the opening and closing of the flip plates 605 are controlled by a flip motor 610. The rotating shaft of the flip door 603 is located at the bottom of the flip door 603, and the opening and closing of the flip door 603 are controlled by an electric cylinder 604. The transfer channel 601 is blocked by setting a flip door 603, and the flip door 603 is opened as a connecting passage when fish need to be transferred; a number of flip plates 605 are set at equal intervals from bottom to top to adapt to different water levels; the control plate 606 is made of a material with a density lower than that of water, so that the control plate 606 can float in the water without the help of external force, and a counterweight 609 is set on the control plate 606 to control the control plate 606 to sink into the water and reserve water in the transfer channel 601 to provide activity space for the transferred fish; the movement direction of the control plate 606 is guaranteed by setting a guide rail, so that when the water level rises and falls in the transfer channel 601, the control plate 606 moves in the direction of the water level change and drives the fish away; the water pump 701 can adopt a water turbine pump type water pump, using water flow as power to pump water, and at the same time, because the setting elevation of the water pump 701 is greater than the top elevation setting of the transfer and release system 6, the height difference can be used to complete the operation of injecting water into the transfer and release system 6 with low energy consumption.

[0025] The control plate 606 is made of titanium alloy and aluminum alloy. These materials are lightweight, strong, and corrosion-resistant, extending the lifespan of the control plate 606. Aluminum can also be used, with a unique crystal structure design that reduces its density to 0.61g / cm², allowing it to float on the water without relying on external structures or mechanisms.

[0026] The gaps in the mesh structure of the control plate 606 are determined according to the fish in the set river section to ensure that the gaps do not affect the passage of water when fish cannot pass through, thereby achieving the function of changing the position of the control plate 606 to drive away fish.

[0027] The length of this transfer and discharge system 6 is determined according to the water flow conditions in the layout area.

[0028] A method for operating a fish transfer and release system in a river section with large water level fluctuations comprises the following steps: S1. When the fish need to be transferred from the fish collecting and transporting ship 9 to the transfer vehicle 4, the flip plate 605 on the same water level as the fish collecting and transporting ship 9 is opened according to the water level, so that the flip plate 605 is connected to the fish collecting and transporting ship 9. At this time, the counterweight 609 of the control plate 606 is adjusted to make the control plate 606 sink into the water, and some water is reserved in the transfer channel 601. The reserved water volume is determined according to the number of fish to be transferred. The fish to be transferred are transported from the fish collecting and transporting ship 9 to the reserved water volume, and then the flip plate 605 and the gate 611 at the bottom of the transfer channel 601 are closed, and the water replenishment system 7 is opened to inject water into the transfer channel 601. As the water volume increases, the control plate 606 automatically floats up and drives the fish to move towards the flip door 603. When the water level reaches the height of the flip door 603, the flip door 603 is finally opened, and the flip door 603 is connected to the transfer vehicle 4 to complete the transfer. S2. When the fish need to be transferred from the transfer vehicle 4 to the fish collection and transportation vessel 9, the flip door 603 is opened to connect with the transfer vehicle 4, the counterweight 609 of the control plate 606 is adjusted so that the control plate 606 sinks into the water, the gate 611 at the bottom of the transfer channel 601 is closed, and the water replenishment system 7 is opened to inject water into the transfer channel 601. As the water volume increases, the control plate 606 automatically floats up. When the water level reaches the height of the flip door 603, the valve of the water inlet 602 is closed to stop injecting water, and the fish in the transfer vehicle 4 is transported to the transfer channel 601. The gate 611 at the bottom of the transfer channel 601 is opened to gradually reduce the water level in the transfer channel 601. When the water level drops to the water level of the fish collection and transportation vessel 9, the gate 611 at the bottom of the transfer channel 601 is closed, and the flip plate 605 corresponding to the fish collection and transportation vessel 9 is opened so that the flip plate 605 is connected to the fish collection and transportation vessel 9, and the fish are transported from the transfer channel 601 to the fish collection and transportation vessel 9 to complete the transfer.

[0029] The fish collecting and transporting vessel 9 is connected to the turning plate 605 via the pontoon 8. The connection stability between the fish collecting and transporting vessel 9 and the turning plate 605 is increased by providing the pontoon 8.

[0030] By adopting this fish transfer and release system for river sections with large water level fluctuations, in conjunction with existing transfer measures such as transfer vehicles 4 and fish collection and transport vessels 9, fish transfer work can be carried out, which greatly reduces project investment and provides a new technical solution for the efficient and low-cost transfer and release of fish and the maintenance of the high dam ecological environment.

[0031] The main application scenario of the present invention is the large water level fluctuation area upstream or downstream of the dam, where the water level fluctuation reaches tens of meters or even hundreds of meters. The top position of the transfer channel 601 is generally selected at the connection point with the existing or planned highway, and the bottom position of the transfer channel 601 is generally set below the lowest operating water level of the river section above or below the dam. The entire transfer and discharge system 6 is generally set on the slope above or below the dam where the geological conditions are stable.

[0032] The present invention adopts different arrangement methods when facing different fish passing facility states, such as Figure 1 As shown, when the dam 1 is provided with a fish elevator 2, the fish transferred downstream are collected in a transfer vehicle 4 along a transfer chute 3 by the fish elevator 2. The transfer vehicle 4 transports the fish to a transfer and release system 6 upstream of the dam 1 via a transfer road 5. The transferred fish are then transported to a fish collection and transport vessel 9 via the transfer and release system 6. The fish collection and transport vessel 9 then transports the transferred fish to the tail of the reservoir or a suitable flow section of a tributary for release. like Figure 2 As shown, when a ship lock 10 is provided on the dam 1, the fish collection and transportation vessel 9 first lures and transports fish downstream of the dam 1, and then passes through the ship lock 10 to enter the upstream of the dam 1. The fish are then transported to the transfer vehicle 4 through the transfer and release system 6. Finally, the transfer vehicle 4 transports the fish to the tail of the reservoir or a suitable flow section of a tributary for release. like Figure 3 As shown, when the dam 1 does not have a fish lift 2 or a ship lock 10, the transfer and release system 6 is arranged downstream of the dam 1, and the fish are lured and transferred by the fish collecting and transporting ship 9, and then the transferred fish in the fish collecting and transporting ship 9 are transported to the transfer vehicle 4 through the transfer and release system 6, and the transfer vehicle 4 transports the transferred fish to the tail of the reservoir or a suitable flow section of the tributary for release.

[0033] Obviously, the above is only a partial embodiment of the present invention, not all embodiments. The above embodiments are not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention can be modified and varied in various ways. Any combination, modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, and other embodiments that can be made by those of ordinary skill in the art within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A fish transfer and release system for a river section with large water level and amplitude fluctuation, comprising a fish collection and transport vessel (9), which transfers fish to a transfer vehicle (4) through a transfer and release system (6), and is characterized by: The transfer and discharge system (6) is arranged along the top of the bank slope toward the bottom of the river channel. The transfer and discharge system (6) includes a transfer channel (601). A plurality of flip plates (605) are arranged at equal intervals from bottom to top on the water-facing surface of the transfer channel (601). A flip door (603) is arranged at the top of the water-receiving surface of the transfer channel (601). A regulating plate (606) is movably arranged inside the transfer channel (601). The regulating plate (606) is a mesh structure and is made of a material with a density lower than that of water. A counterweight (609) is arranged on the regulating plate (606). A gate (611) is arranged at the bottom of the transfer channel (601). A water inlet (602) is arranged on a side of the transfer channel (601) adjacent to the gate (611). The water inlet (602) is connected to the water outlet of the water replenishment system (7). A valve is arranged on the water inlet (602).

2. The fish transport and release system for river sections with large water level fluctuations according to claim 1 is characterized by: The cross section of the transfer channel (601) is rectangular, and guide rails (607) are provided at the four corner points inside the transfer channel (601).

3. The fish transport and release system for river sections with large water level fluctuations according to claim 2 is characterized by: The control plate (606) is movably connected to the guide rail (607) via a slider (608).

4. The fish transport and release system for river sections with large water level fluctuations according to claim 1 is characterized by: The water replenishment system (7) includes a water pump (701), the water pump (701) is connected to a water diversion pipe (702), and the water outlet of the water diversion pipe (702) is connected to the water inlet (602); the setting elevation of the water pump (701) is greater than the top elevation setting of the transfer and discharge system (6).

5. The fish transport and release system for river sections with large water level fluctuations according to claim 1 is characterized by: The rotating shafts of the plurality of flip plates (605) are arranged at the bottom of the flip plates (605) and the flip plates (605) are turned on and off by a flip motor (610).

6. The fish transport and release system for river sections with large water level fluctuations according to claim 1 is characterized by: The rotating shaft of the flip door (603) is arranged at the bottom of the flip door (603) and the opening and closing of the flip door (603) is controlled by the electric cylinder (604).

7. The fish transport and release system for river sections with large water level fluctuations according to claim 1 is characterized by: The material of the control plate (606) includes titanium alloy and aluminum alloy.

8. The fish transport and release system for river sections with large water level fluctuations according to claim 1 is characterized by: The gaps in the mesh structure of the control plate (606) are determined according to the fish in the set river section, ensuring that the gaps do not affect the passage of water when the fish cannot pass through.

9. The method for operating the fish transfer and release system in a river section with large water level and amplitude variation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. When it is necessary to transfer fish from the fish transport vessel (9) to the transfer vehicle (4), according to the water level, open the flip plate (605) on the same water level as the fish transport vessel (9), so that the flip plate (605) is connected to the fish transport vessel (9). At this time, adjust the counterweight (609) of the control plate (606) so that the control plate (606) sinks into the water, and reserve some water in the transfer channel (601). The reserved water volume is determined according to the number of fish to be transferred. The fish to be transferred are transferred from the fish transport vessel (9) to the transfer vehicle (4). ) is transported to the reserved water volume, then the flip plate (605) and the gate (611) at the bottom of the transfer channel (601) are closed, and the water supply system (7) is opened to inject water into the transfer channel (601). As the water volume increases, the control plate (606) automatically floats up and drives the fish to move toward the flip gate (603). When the water level reaches the height of the flip gate (603), the flip gate (603) is opened and connected to the transfer vehicle (4), and the fish are transferred to the transfer vehicle (4) to complete the transfer; S2. When the fish need to be transferred from the transfer vehicle (4) to the fish collection and transportation vessel (9), the flip door (603) is opened to connect with the transfer vehicle (4), the counterweight (609) of the control plate (606) is adjusted so that the control plate (606) sinks into the water, the gate (611) at the bottom of the transfer channel (601) is closed, and the water supply system (7) is opened to inject water into the transfer channel (601). As the amount of water increases, the control plate (606) automatically floats up. When the water level reaches the height of the flip door (603), the valve of the water inlet (602) is closed to stop injecting water. The fish in the transfer vehicle (4) are transported to the transfer channel (601), and the gate (611) at the bottom of the transfer channel (601) is opened, so that the water level in the transfer channel (601) is gradually reduced. When the water level is reduced to the water level of the fish collection and transportation ship (9), the gate (611) at the bottom of the transfer channel (601) is closed, and the flip plate (605) corresponding to the fish collection and transportation ship (9) is opened, so that the flip plate (605) is connected to the fish collection and transportation ship (9), and the fish are transferred from the transfer channel (601) to the fish collection and transportation ship (9) to complete the transfer.

10. The method for operating the fish transfer and release system in a river section with large water level fluctuation according to claim 9, characterized in that: The fish collection and transportation vessel (9) is connected to the turning plate (605) via the pontoon (8).

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