Method, system and equipment for optimizing vegetation layout reconstruction based on cellular automata

Abstract

The present invention discloses a method, system, and equipment for optimizing the layout of reconstructed vegetation based on cellular automata, belonging to the technical field of ecological models. A cellular space is determined based on the vegetation type and range of the reconstructed area, and a cellular matrix of the distribution of vegetation types in the reconstructed area is constructed; historical information on vegetation types and coverage in the surrounding area is obtained, and the historical germination probability of vegetation types in the surrounding area is obtained; an accumulation rule for the soil seed bank in the reconstructed area is established, and the accumulation process of the soil seed bank corresponding to cells of different vegetation types is obtained through cellular simulation; vegetation growth and vegetation death processes are simulated, and a cyclic function is established to simulate plant community succession and output the vegetation pattern of the entire ecological restoration area after succession; and the cyclic function is used to screen and optimize the reconstructed vegetation layout based on the simulation results. The present invention has simple steps, is easy to use, and has high processing efficiency, and can quickly and accurately obtain an optimized reconstructed vegetation layout.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of ecological models, and specifically relates to a method, system and equipment for optimizing vegetation layout reconstruction based on cellular automata. Background Art

[0002] There are currently large-scale vegetation restoration projects, but many of these projects have resulted in vegetation death or secondary degradation due to unreasonable spatial layout of reconstructed vegetation. Therefore, determining a reasonable layout of reconstructed vegetation is a key link in ensuring the effectiveness of ecological restoration.

[0003] To determine the optimal spatial layout of revegetation, previous studies have primarily used experimental control methods, which involve varying the spacing, density, and composition of vegetation to determine the spatial layout of revegetation. However, due to the long time required for natural vegetation growth and community succession, it is difficult to quickly determine the restoration effect of a specific revegetation layout. Furthermore, due to the cost constraints of the experimental control method, the number of revegetation layouts that can be verified is limited, and the optimal revegetation pattern may not be obtained. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In response to the shortcomings of the existing technology, a method, system and equipment for optimizing the layout of reconstructed vegetation based on cellular automata are provided. The method has simple steps, is easy to use, and can determine the optimal spatial distribution pattern of reconstructed vegetation to meet the needs of national land space ecological restoration.

[0005] To solve the above problem, the present invention provides a method for optimizing vegetation layout reconstruction based on cellular automata, which includes the following steps:

[0006] S1. Determine the cellular space based on the vegetation type and range of the reconstruction area, and construct a cellular matrix of the vegetation type distribution in the reconstruction area;

[0007] S2. Based on the ecological historical data around the reconstruction area, obtain the historical information of vegetation types and coverage in the surrounding area, and obtain the historical germination probability of vegetation types in the surrounding area;

[0008] S3. Establish the accumulation rules of the soil seed bank in the reconstruction area and obtain the soil seed bank accumulation process corresponding to cells of different vegetation types through cellular simulation;

[0009] S4. Simulate the process of vegetation growth and vegetation death, establish a cyclic function to simulate plant community succession, and output the vegetation pattern of the entire ecological restoration area after succession;

[0010] S5. Setting the initial reconstructed vegetation distribution pattern and recovery time as loop function parameters, and using the loop function to screen and optimize the reconstructed vegetation layout according to the simulation results.

[0011] Furthermore, the process of determining the cellular space and constructing the cellular matrix of vegetation type distribution in the reconstruction area is as follows:

[0012] The type of vegetation to be reconstructed is determined based on the vegetation type of the study area. The reconstruction area is gridded based on its size and vegetation type. Each sub-division generated by the gridding is a square of the same size. The size of the sub-division is determined based on the actual research scope and the ecological factors that need to be considered in the vegetation reconstruction area. The sub-division develops from low-level communities to high-level communities in accordance with the law of natural succession.

[0013] Each subpartition is constructed into a size of n A matrix composed of n real numbers, each real number in the matrix represents a cell, each matrix represents a cell array, and each cell corresponds to a vegetation type, including new herbs, new shrubs, dead herbs, dead shrubs and seed banks.

[0014] Furthermore, through data collection, field surveys, and remote sensing inversion, the vegetation types and coverage of natural vegetation in the surrounding areas of the vegetation reconstruction area in different historical years were obtained, thereby obtaining the natural vegetation types and coverage in the ecological environment around the ecological restoration area in history and calculating the germination probability of different vegetation types;

[0015] The vegetation coverage includes the maximum vegetation coverage in summer and the minimum vegetation coverage in winter. The seed germination probability of different types of vegetation is calculated based on the obtained vegetation coverage data. The specific calculation formula is as follows:

[0016] (1);

[0017] in is the maximum value of vegetation coverage in a certain year. is the minimum value of vegetation cover in a certain year, n is the number of days in the growing season of the study area, and m is the number of years used to calculate the vegetation growth probability data of the study area.

[0018] Furthermore, the accumulation rules of the soil seed bank in the redevelopment area specifically consider three aspects: the fall of the original vegetation in the redevelopment area, the fall of vegetation around the redevelopment area, and other accidental events. Other accidental events include wind transport and animal transport, which can also provide seeds to the soil in a certain area. Therefore, the calculation formula of the soil seed bank is as follows:

[0019] (2);

[0020] in seed For the soil seed bank, Dplant For the newly dead vegetation, rand(s) Indicates the chance event of the seed being obtained naturally, which is a random number generated between 0 and 1. Pseed is the probability of an accidental event occurring;

[0021] Use logic to judge the dropped seeds of vegetation around the reconstruction area: that is, when there is vegetation of the same type around, the seed bank conditions for vegetation growth are met. Specifically, Moor-type cell neighbors are used to simulate the soil seed bank accumulation process of any cell of different vegetation types, and the seed bank distribution is determined based on the 8 adjacent cells around each cell. The vegetation coverage of the 8 adjacent cells of each cell is judged. The expression is as follows:

[0022] (3);

[0023] In the formula Indicates the representative x Rank y The vegetation distribution around the column cells, Represents the cell matrix reflecting the regional vegetation distribution. When the value of a cell in is equal to 1, it indicates that there is vegetation of the same type around this cell, which can provide the vegetation seeds required for the growth of vegetation in this cell.

[0024] Furthermore, the process of vegetation growth and vegetation death is simulated, and a cyclic function is established to simulate the succession of plant communities and output the vegetation pattern of the entire ecological restoration area after succession. The process is as follows: the vegetation at a certain moment includes the vegetation at the previous moment, the newly germinated vegetation, and the currently dead vegetation is eliminated; vegetation germination requires that there is no vegetation cover at the previous moment, and the number of seed banks is greater than 1 or there is vegetation in adjacent cells; vegetation death requires that there is vegetation cover at the previous moment and the vegetation has died naturally. The above process is simulated using a cellular matrix, which is specifically expressed as follows:

[0025] (4);

[0026] (5);

[0027] (6);

[0028] In the formula Indicates the vegetation coverage of the area on the nth day, Indicates newly sprouted vegetation, Indicates newly dead vegetation, represents the soil seed bank, Indicates the distribution of adjacent vegetation. Indicates the random event of vegetation seed germination, which is a random number generated between 0 and 1. represents the probability of vegetation seeds germinating, Indicates the probability of natural death of vegetation;

[0029] When there are multiple types of vegetation in the area, different plant cell arrays are set according to the vegetation type, including herbaceous vegetation, shrub vegetation and tree vegetation. According to the natural succession rule level: herb < shrub < tree, high-level vegetation needs to be formed by the succession of low-level vegetation: the germination of herbaceous vegetation requires that there is no vegetation coverage at the previous moment, and the number of seed banks is greater than 1 or there is herbaceous vegetation in the adjacent cells; the germination of shrub vegetation requires that there is herbaceous vegetation coverage at the previous moment, and the number of seed banks is greater than 1 or there is shrub vegetation in the adjacent cells; the germination of tree vegetation requires that there is shrub vegetation coverage at the previous moment, and the number of seed banks is greater than 1 or there is tree vegetation in the adjacent cells;

[0030] The expanded formula (5) is:

[0031] (5-1);

[0032] 5-2);

[0033] In the formula Indicates newly sprouted herbaceous vegetation, Indicates newly sprouted shrub vegetation, represents the soil seed bank, Indicates the distribution of adjacent vegetation. Indicates the random event of vegetation seed germination, which is a random number generated between 0 and 1. represents the probability of herbaceous vegetation seeds germinating, Indicates the probability of germination of shrub vegetation seeds;

[0034] The natural death probability of vegetation is set according to the vegetation type. The formula for the natural death probability of vegetation is as follows:

[0035] (7);

[0036] in Indicates the maximum value of vegetation coverage in a certain year. represents the minimum value of vegetation cover in a certain year, z represents the number of days of the blight season in the study area, and m represents the number of years used to calculate the probability data of vegetation death in the study area;

[0037] Finally, a counter j with an initial value of 1 is established. Each time counter j runs, it represents one day of natural vegetation growth. Each time formula (4), formula (5), and formula (6) are sequentially calculated, counter j increases by 1 until the preset number of cycles is reached, and the current value is output. Cell array.

[0038] Furthermore, the reconstructed vegetation layout to be planted is transformed according to the cellular space determined in S1 as the initial Cell array, and determine the natural recovery time j at the same time. When the loop function in S4 runs beyond the set natural recovery time, it stops looping and outputs the vegetation coverage at this time. The optimal reconstruction vegetation layout is determined based on the vegetation coverage and vegetation ratio in the output vegetation coverage.

[0039] A system for optimizing vegetation layout reconstruction based on cellular automata simulation includes a sequentially connected cellular space division unit, a unit for calculating the probability of germination of different types of vegetation, a unit for simulating seed bank accumulation, a unit for simulating vegetation community evolution, and a unit for screening and optimization.

[0040] The cellular space division unit is used to determine the cellular space according to the vegetation type and actual size of the ecological restoration area, and to establish a cellular matrix reflecting the distribution of vegetation types in the area;

[0041] The unit for calculating the probability of germination of different types of vegetation is used to calculate the probability of germination of different types of vegetation based on the natural vegetation types and coverage in different years around the area;

[0042] The seed bank accumulation simulation unit is used to establish soil seed bank accumulation rules according to regional vegetation types and simulate the soil seed bank accumulation process of different vegetation types;

[0043] The vegetation community evolution simulation unit is used to simulate the process of vegetation growth and vegetation death, establish a cyclic function to simulate the natural succession of the community and output the vegetation pattern after succession;

[0044] Screening and optimization units are used to set a variety of initial reconstructed vegetation distribution patterns and recovery times, and to screen and optimize the reconstructed vegetation layout based on simulation results.

[0045] A computer device comprises a processor and a memory, wherein the processor is electrically connected to the memory, the memory is used to store instructions and data, and the processor is used to execute a cellular automation-based vegetation layout optimization method.

[0046] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0047] (1) Optimization results can be obtained through simulation and calculation, which reduces the planting cost of traditional vegetation reconstruction layout optimization and saves land, manpower and material resources during the planting experiment.

[0048] (2) With the help of computers, the vegetation succession process under different initial planting patterns is efficiently simulated. The optimal pattern is selected based on the simulation results, and then applied to actual planting to eliminate unfavorable scenarios, thereby improving the optimization efficiency of the reconstructed vegetation planting layout and being able to quickly obtain the future growth succession dynamic process of the reconstructed vegetation under different planting layouts.

[0049] (3) The application scope of the optimization of vegetation planting layout has been expanded, and the advance prediction of natural growth and succession of vegetation under large-scale, long-term and multi-matrix conditions has been achieved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0050] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a method for optimizing vegetation layout reconstruction based on cellular automaton simulation according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0051] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the impact of adjacent cellular vegetation distribution on the seed bank in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0052] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the natural restoration simulation process of vegetation in an embodiment of the present invention; it represents the vegetation pattern at certain time points during the simulation process, and displays the dynamic change process of the simulation in sequence, where blue represents herbaceous vegetation, green represents shrub vegetation, and black represents no vegetation.

[0053] Figure 4 Schematic diagrams of different planting layouts for reconstructing vegetation in an embodiment of the present invention, where (a) represents a circular planting layout, (b) represents an inter-row planting layout, (c) represents a random planting layout, (d) represents a dense planting layout, and (e) represents a uniform planting layout. Blue represents herbaceous vegetation, green represents shrub vegetation, and black represents no vegetation.

[0054] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the dynamic change of vegetation coverage reconstructed under different planting layouts in an embodiment of the present invention; (a) and (b) in the figure respectively represent the dynamic change curves of the coverage of herbaceous and shrub vegetation under two different planting layouts randomly selected during the simulation process of the embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0055] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.

[0056] The present invention provides a method for optimizing vegetation layout reconstruction based on cellular automata. The specific process is as follows: Figure 1 As shown, the specific steps of this embodiment include:

[0057] S1. Determine the cellular space based on the actual size of the ecological restoration area and establish a cellular matrix that reflects the distribution of vegetation types within the area.

[0058] In this example, the Datong mining area in Shanxi Province is used as the implementation area for vegetation reconstruction. The vegetation in the area is mainly divided into three types: herbs, shrubs, and trees. Considering that in secondary succession, shrubs have a larger biomass and higher nutrient utilization efficiency than herbaceous plants; and trees need to accumulate a certain thickness of soil to grow normally, and their growth cycle is long, the reconstructed vegetation is mainly shrub vegetation. Therefore, this example only considers the natural recovery process of herbaceous and shrub vegetation. The corresponding vegetation reconstruction area in this example is 100*100 meters. A cell matrix composed of 100*100 real numbers is established, and each cell corresponds to 1 m in the real world. 2 Different matrices correspond to different state attributes of the study area. The cell state attributes involved include vegetation type (plant), new herb (Nherb), new shrub (Nshrub), dead herb (Dherb), dead shrub (Dshrub), and soil seed bank (seed).

[0059] S2. Calculate the germination probability of different types of vegetation based on the natural vegetation types and coverage in different years around the area.

[0060] In this example, the maximum and minimum values ​​of herbaceous and shrub vegetation coverage in 2000, 2005, 2010, and 2020 were obtained through historical survey data of the study area, as shown in Table 1.

[0061] Table 1 Vegetation coverage in different years

[0062] .

[0063] Then, the seed germination probability of different types of vegetation is calculated based on the obtained vegetation coverage data. The specific calculation formula is as follows:

[0064] (1);

[0065] in is the maximum value of vegetation coverage in a certain year. is the minimum value of vegetation cover in a certain year, n is the number of days in the growing season of the study area, and m is the number of years used to calculate the vegetation growth probability data of the study area.

[0066] The herbaceous vegetation growing season in Datong City is between May and August, lasting approximately 90 days. The shrub vegetation growing season is longer, lasting between February and October, lasting approximately 270 days. Substituting vegetation coverage and growing days into formula (1), the probability of seed germination in the study area was calculated to be 0.0031 for herbaceous vegetation and 0.0017 for shrub vegetation.

[0067] S3. Establish accumulation rules for soil seed banks based on regional vegetation types and simulate the accumulation process of soil seed banks in different vegetation types.

[0068] In this example, the sources of the soil seed bank include the fall of original vegetation, the fall of surrounding vegetation, and other accidental events, and the accumulation and fall patterns of different types of vegetation are different. First of all, whether it is herbaceous or shrub vegetation, a certain amount of residual seeds will be left after the natural death of vegetation, so the soil seed bank will increase by 1 after the death of vegetation. Secondly, the seeds of herbaceous and shrub vegetation have a probability of falling into the surrounding area during the fall process, and enter the soil seed bank of the adjacent area. When the conditions for seed germination are met, they will grow into the same vegetation. On the other hand, for shrub vegetation, the crown width of the vegetation is generally larger, and the crown width of a single plant often reaches 2-10 m. 2 , which further affects the range of its seed bank. Therefore, to simulate the "clustering" phenomenon of vegetation in real life, the vegetation cover of neighboring cells is also used as a trigger for vegetation growth. When cell C(x, y) has shrubs or trees as its neighbors, cell C(x, y) will also meet the seed conditions required for shrub or tree growth.

[0069] When cells meet the necessary conditions for growth and the laws of community development, seeds will have a chance to germinate into vegetation. In addition, some accidental events can also provide seeds to the soil in a certain area, such as wind transport, animal transport, etc. Therefore, the calculation formula for the soil seed bank is as follows:

[0070] (2);

[0071] in seed For the soil seed bank, Dplant For the newly dead vegetation, rand(s) represents the chance event of naturally obtaining a seed (a random number generated between 0 and 1), Pseed The probability of a random event occurring.

[0072] In this example, the probability of a region obtaining seeds by chance is set to 1 / 10 of the seed germination rate, that is, 0.0002.

[0073] For seeds obtained from adjacent vegetation, a unified logical judgment is used, that is, when there is vegetation of the same type in the surrounding area, the seed bank conditions for vegetation growth are met. The specific formula is as follows:

[0074] (3);

[0075] In the formula Indicates the representative x Rank y The vegetation distribution around the column cells, Represents the cell matrix reflecting the regional vegetation distribution. When the value of a cell in is equal to 1, it indicates that there is vegetation of the same type around this cell, which can provide the vegetation seeds required for the growth of vegetation in this cell.

[0076] When the value of a cell in is equal to 1, it indicates that there is vegetation of the same type around this cell, so the vegetation seeds required for vegetation growth can be provided to this cell.

[0077] S4. Simulate the process of vegetation growth and vegetation death, establish a cyclic function to simulate the natural succession of the community, and output the vegetation pattern after succession.

[0078] In this example, the vegetation coverage at a certain moment is determined by the vegetation at the previous moment, the newly sprouted vegetation, and the vegetation that needs to be removed. Vegetation sprouting at time t+1 requires that the cell has no vegetation coverage at time t, the number of seed banks is greater than 1, or there is vegetation in the adjacent cells. Vegetation death at time t+1 requires that the cell has vegetation coverage at time t and the vegetation dies naturally. The above process is simulated based on the cell matrix established in S1. The specific formula is as follows:

[0079] (4);

[0080] (5);

[0081] (6);

[0082] In the formula is the vegetation coverage of the region on the nth day, For newly sprouted vegetation, For the newly dead vegetation, For the soil seed bank, is the distribution of adjacent vegetation, Indicates the random event of vegetation seed germination, which is a random number generated between 0 and 1. is the probability of vegetation seeds germinating, is the probability of natural death of vegetation.

[0083] Since the vegetation in the study area includes herbaceous vegetation and shrub vegetation, the newly germinated vegetation is adjusted according to the vegetation type. According to the general rules of natural succession, high-level vegetation needs to be formed by the succession of low-level vegetation. Therefore, the germination of herbaceous vegetation at time t+1 requires that the cell has no vegetation coverage at time t, and the number of seed banks is greater than 1 or there is herbaceous vegetation in the adjacent cell; the germination of shrub vegetation at time t+1 requires that the cell has herbaceous vegetation coverage at time t, and the number of seed banks is greater than 1 or there is shrub vegetation in the adjacent cell. The expanded formula (5) is:

[0084] (5-1);

[0085] (5-2);

[0086] In the formula Newly sprouted herbaceous vegetation, Newly sprouted shrub vegetation, For the soil seed bank, is the distribution of adjacent vegetation, Indicates the random event of vegetation seed germination, which is a random number generated between 0 and 1. is the probability of herbaceous vegetation seeds germinating, is the probability of germination of shrub vegetation seeds.

[0087] At the same time, the corresponding vegetation natural death probability is set according to the vegetation type. The formula for the vegetation natural death probability is as follows:

[0088] (7);

[0089] in is the maximum value of vegetation coverage in a certain year. is the minimum value of vegetation cover in a certain year, z is the number of days of the wilting season in the study area, and m is the number of years used to calculate the probability data of vegetation death in the study area.

[0090] According to the climate data for the study area, the herbaceous vegetation withering season in Datong City is October, lasting approximately 30 days. The shrub vegetation withering season is longer, lasting approximately 90 days, from November to January. Substituting the vegetation cover and the number of days in the withering season into formula (1), the natural mortality probability of herbaceous vegetation in the study area is calculated to be 0.005, and the natural mortality probability of shrub vegetation is 0.0028.

[0091] Finally, a counter j with an initial value of 1 is established, and the probability of germination of vegetation seeds determined in S2 is substituted into formula (5). Each time counter j runs, it represents one day of natural growth of vegetation. Each time formula (4), (5), and (6) are calculated, the counter increases by 1. When the counter is less than the set recovery time, formula (4), (5), (6) and S3 are continuously cycled. When the operation exceeds the recovery time, the current Cell array. Figure 3 The figure shows the changes in herb cover, shrub cover, and tree cover over time, including the changes in herb cover = 5.04%, shrub cover = 0.00%, and tree cover = 0.00% on the 233rd day of year 0; the changes in herb cover = 10.20%, shrub cover = 0.00%, and tree cover = 0.00% on the 225th day of year 1; the changes in herb cover = 18.67%, shrub cover = 0.01%, and tree cover = 0.00% on the 230th day of year 2. 0.00%; on the 238th day of the third year, herb coverage = 10.77%, shrub coverage = 0.07%, and tree coverage = 0.00%; on the 23rd day of the fourth year, herb coverage = 16.52%, shrub coverage = 0.16%, and tree coverage = 0.00%; on the 232nd day of the fifth year, herb coverage = 21.04%, shrub coverage = 0.42%, and tree coverage = 0.00%, thus reflecting the distribution of reconstructed vegetation to reflect the changes in the reconstructed vegetation pattern.

[0092] S5. Set the initial reconstructed vegetation distribution pattern and recovery time, and screen and optimize the reconstructed vegetation layout based on the simulation results.

[0093] In this example, five different replanting layouts were set up in the study area: circular planting, inter-row planting, random planting, dense planting, and uniform planting. The initial shrub cover of the five scenarios was 1.96%. The vegetation patterns of the five replanting layouts on the last day of the growing season (243 days) in the first year after planting were as follows: Figure 4 As shown in (a), (b), (c), (d), and (e) in the figure, the natural recovery time of the five reconstructed vegetation layouts is set to 11 years. Figure 5 (a) and (b) represent the herbaceous vegetation coverage and shrub vegetation coverage in the study area under different planting layouts over 11 years, respectively. The results show that the shrub vegetation coverage under the random planting layout is higher than that under other planting layouts during the 11-year restoration process. Therefore, random planting should be selected as the planting layout for revegetation.

Claims

1. A method for optimizing vegetation layout reconstruction based on cellular automata, characterized in that: Here are the steps: S1. Determine the cellular space based on the vegetation type and range of the reconstruction area, and construct a cellular matrix of the vegetation type distribution in the reconstruction area; S2. Based on the ecological historical data around the reconstruction area, obtain the historical information of vegetation types and coverage in the surrounding area, and obtain the historical germination probability of vegetation types in the surrounding area; S3. Establish the accumulation rules of the soil seed bank in the reconstruction area and obtain the soil seed bank accumulation process corresponding to cells of different vegetation types through cellular simulation; S4. Simulate the process of vegetation growth and vegetation death, establish a cyclic function to simulate plant community succession and output the vegetation pattern of the entire ecological restoration area after succession; assume that the vegetation at a certain moment includes the vegetation at the previous moment, the newly germinated vegetation, and excludes the currently dead vegetation; vegetation germination requires that there is no vegetation cover at the previous moment, the number of seed banks is greater than 1, or there is vegetation in adjacent cells; vegetation death requires that there is vegetation cover at the previous moment and the vegetation has died naturally; use the cellular matrix to simulate the above process, which is specifically expressed as follows: （4）； （5）； （6）； In the above formula Indicates the vegetation coverage of the area on the nth day, Indicates newly sprouted vegetation, Indicates newly dead vegetation, represents the soil seed bank, Indicates the distribution of adjacent vegetation. Indicates the random event of vegetation seed germination, specifically a random number generated between 0 and 1. represents the probability of vegetation seeds germinating, Indicates the probability of natural death of vegetation; When there are multiple types of vegetation in the area, different plant cell arrays are set according to the vegetation type, including herbaceous vegetation, shrub vegetation and tree vegetation. According to the natural succession rule level: herb < shrub < tree, high-level vegetation needs to be formed by the succession of low-level vegetation: the germination of herbaceous vegetation at time t+1 requires that the cell has no vegetation coverage at time t, and the number of seed banks is greater than 1 or there is herbaceous vegetation in the adjacent cells; the germination of shrub vegetation at time t+1 requires that the cell has herbaceous vegetation coverage at time t, and the number of seed banks is greater than 1 or there is shrub vegetation in the adjacent cells; the germination of tree vegetation at time t+1 requires that the cell has shrub vegetation coverage at time t, and the number of seed banks is greater than 1 or there is tree vegetation in the adjacent cells; The expanded formula (5) is: （5-1）； （5-2）； In the formula Indicates newly sprouted herbaceous vegetation, Indicates newly sprouted shrub vegetation, represents the probability of herbaceous vegetation seeds germinating, Indicates the probability of germination of shrub vegetation seeds; The natural death probability of vegetation is set according to the vegetation type. The formula for the natural death probability of vegetation is as follows: （7）； in Indicates the maximum value of vegetation coverage in a certain year. represents the minimum value of vegetation cover in a certain year, z represents the number of days of the blight season in the study area, and m represents the number of years used to calculate the probability data of vegetation death in the study area; Finally, a counter j with an initial value of 1 is established. Each time counter j runs, it represents one day of natural vegetation growth. Each time formula (4), formula (5), and formula (6) are sequentially calculated, counter j increases by 1 until the preset number of cycles is reached, and the current value is output. cell arrays; S5. Setting the initial reconstructed vegetation distribution pattern and recovery time as loop function parameters, and using the loop function to screen and optimize the reconstructed vegetation layout according to the simulation results.

2. The method for optimizing vegetation layout based on cellular automata according to claim 1, characterized in that: The process of determining the cellular space and constructing the cellular matrix of vegetation type distribution in the reconstruction area is as follows: The type of vegetation to be reconstructed is determined based on the vegetation type of the study area. The reconstruction area is gridded based on its size and vegetation type. Each sub-division generated by the gridding is a square of the same size. The size of the sub-division is determined based on the actual research scope and the ecological factors that need to be considered in the vegetation reconstruction area. The sub-division develops from low-level communities to high-level communities in accordance with the law of natural succession. Each sub-partition is constructed into a size of n A matrix composed of n real numbers, each real number in the matrix represents a cell, each matrix represents a cell array, and each cell corresponds to a vegetation type, including new herbs, new shrubs, dead herbs, dead shrubs and seed banks.

3. The method for optimizing vegetation layout based on cellular automata according to claim 2, characterized in that: Through data collection, field investigation, and remote sensing inversion, the vegetation types and coverage of natural vegetation in the surrounding areas of the vegetation reconstruction area in different historical years were obtained, thereby obtaining the natural vegetation types and coverage in the ecological environment around the ecological restoration area in history and calculating the germination probability of different vegetation types; The vegetation coverage includes the maximum vegetation coverage in summer and the minimum vegetation coverage in winter. The seed germination probability of different types of vegetation is calculated based on the obtained vegetation coverage data. The specific calculation formula is as follows （1）； in is the maximum value of vegetation coverage in a certain year. is the minimum value of vegetation cover in a certain year, n is the number of days in the growing season of the study area, and m is the number of years used to calculate the vegetation growth probability data of the study area.

4. The method for optimizing vegetation layout reconstruction based on cellular automata according to claim 3, characterized in that: The accumulation rules for the soil seed bank in the redevelopment area specifically consider three aspects: the fall of the original vegetation in the redevelopment area, the fall of vegetation around the redevelopment area, and other accidental events. Other accidental events include wind transport and animal transport, which can also provide seeds to the soil in a certain area. Therefore, the calculation formula for the soil seed bank is as follows: （2）； Where seed is the soil seed bank, Dplant is the newly dead vegetation, rand(s) represents the chance event of natural seed acquisition, specifically a random number generated between 0 and 1, and Pseed is the probability of the chance event occurring; Use logic to judge the dropped seeds of vegetation around the reconstruction area: that is, when there is vegetation of the same type around, the seed bank conditions for vegetation growth are met. Specifically, Moor-type cell neighbors are used to simulate the soil seed bank accumulation process of any cell of different vegetation types, and the seed bank distribution is determined based on the 8 adjacent cells around each cell. The vegetation coverage of the 8 adjacent cells of each cell is judged. The expression is as follows: （3）； In the formula Represents the vegetation distribution around the cell in row x and column y. Represents the cell matrix reflecting the regional vegetation distribution. When the value of a cell in is equal to 1, it indicates that there is vegetation of the same type around this cell, which can provide the vegetation seeds required for the growth of vegetation in this cell.

5. The method for optimizing vegetation layout reconstruction based on cellular automata according to claim 1, characterized in that: The reconstructed vegetation layout to be planted is converted according to the cellular space determined in S1 as the initial Cell array, and determine the natural recovery time j at the same time. When the loop function in S4 runs beyond the set natural recovery time, it stops looping and outputs the vegetation coverage at this time. The optimal reconstruction vegetation layout is determined based on the vegetation coverage and vegetation ratio in the output vegetation coverage.

6. A system for optimizing vegetation layout reconstruction based on cellular automaton simulation, characterized by: It includes sequentially connected cellular space division units, different types of preparation germination probability calculation units, seed bank accumulation simulation units, vegetation community evolution simulation units and screening and optimization units; The cellular space division unit is used to determine the cellular space according to the vegetation type and actual size of the ecological restoration area, and to establish a cellular matrix reflecting the distribution of vegetation types in the area; Different types of germination probability calculation units are prepared to calculate the germination probability of different types of vegetation based on the natural vegetation types and coverage in different years around the area; The seed bank accumulation simulation unit is used to establish soil seed bank accumulation rules according to regional vegetation types and simulate the soil seed bank accumulation process of different vegetation types; The vegetation community evolution simulation unit is used to simulate the process of vegetation growth and vegetation death, establish a cyclic function to simulate the natural succession of the community and output the vegetation pattern after succession; the vegetation at a certain moment includes the vegetation at the previous moment, the newly germinated vegetation, and the currently dead vegetation is eliminated; vegetation germination requires that there is no vegetation cover at the previous moment, the number of seed banks is greater than 1, or there is vegetation in the adjacent cells; vegetation death requires that there is vegetation cover at the previous moment and the vegetation has died naturally; the above process is simulated using the cellular matrix, which is specifically expressed as follows: （4）； （5）； （6）； In the above formula Indicates the vegetation coverage of the area on the nth day, Indicates newly sprouted vegetation, Indicates newly dead vegetation, represents the soil seed bank, Indicates the distribution of adjacent vegetation. Indicates the random event of vegetation seed germination, specifically a random number generated between 0 and 1. represents the probability of vegetation seeds germinating, Indicates the probability of natural death of vegetation; When there are multiple types of vegetation in the area, different plant cell arrays are set according to the vegetation type, including herbaceous vegetation, shrub vegetation and tree vegetation. According to the natural succession rule level: herb < shrub < tree, high-level vegetation needs to be formed by the succession of low-level vegetation: the germination of herbaceous vegetation at time t+1 requires that the cell has no vegetation coverage at time t, and the number of seed banks is greater than 1 or there is herbaceous vegetation in the adjacent cells; the germination of shrub vegetation at time t+1 requires that the cell has herbaceous vegetation coverage at time t, and the number of seed banks is greater than 1 or there is shrub vegetation in the adjacent cells; the germination of tree vegetation at time t+1 requires that the cell has shrub vegetation coverage at time t, and the number of seed banks is greater than 1 or there is tree vegetation in the adjacent cells; The expanded formula (5) is: （5-1）； （5-2）； In the formula Indicates newly sprouted herbaceous vegetation, Indicates newly sprouted shrub vegetation, represents the probability of herbaceous vegetation seeds germinating, Indicates the probability of germination of shrub vegetation seeds; The natural death probability of vegetation is set according to the vegetation type. The formula for the natural death probability of vegetation is as follows: （7）； in Indicates the maximum value of vegetation coverage in a certain year. represents the minimum value of vegetation cover in a certain year, z represents the number of days of the blight season in the study area, and m represents the number of years used to calculate the probability data of vegetation death in the study area; Finally, a counter j with an initial value of 1 is established. Each time counter j runs, it represents one day of natural vegetation growth. Each time formula (4), formula (5), and formula (6) are sequentially calculated, counter j increases by 1 until the preset number of cycles is reached, and the current value is output. cell arrays; Screening and optimization units are used to set a variety of initial reconstructed vegetation distribution patterns and recovery times, and to screen and optimize the reconstructed vegetation layout based on simulation results.

7. A computer device, characterized in that: The method comprises a processor and a memory, wherein the processor is electrically connected to the memory, the memory is used to store instructions and data, and the processor is used to execute the vegetation layout optimization method based on cellular automation according to any one of claims 1 to 5.

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