A method and system for assessing the risk of secondary disasters caused by tunnel waste filling

Abstract

The invention discloses a method and system for assessing the risk of secondary disasters caused by tunnel spoil filling, which belongs to the field of geotechnical engineering technology. The method includes: obtaining state parameters of the road near the spoil state parameters of the current tunnel spoil, and the geotechnical state parameters of the target filling area, and generating a normalized index through ratio processing; constructing a geotechnical state evaluation model and a spoil state evaluation model, and outputting evaluation coefficients respectively; combining vibration, rainfall, and traffic flow indexes to establish a geotechnical-slag synergy model to calculate the synergy degree; based on the synergy degree and the basic safety distance, dynamically optimizing the target highway-slope safety distance through a highway-slope distance adjustment model; the present invention significantly improves the risk assessment accuracy through multi-source parameter fusion and collaborative analysis, providing a scientific basis for safety decision-making in spoil filling projects.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of geotechnical engineering, and in particular relates to a method and system for assessing the risk of secondary disasters caused by tunnel waste filling. Background Art

[0002] In tunnel construction, waste backfill is a common disposal method, but it can trigger secondary hazards such as slope instability and landslides, threatening the safety of highways and surrounding areas. Existing risk assessment methods often focus on the independent analysis of single factors (such as geotechnical strength or waste compaction), lack a systematic consideration of the synergistic effects of geotechnical and waste, and ignore the impact of dynamic environmental factors such as vibration, rainfall, and traffic volume. Furthermore, traditional models lack parameter normalization, resulting in significant deviations between assessment results and actual risks, making it difficult to dynamically adjust safety distances. Therefore, a risk assessment method that integrates multi-source data, quantifies synergistic effects, and dynamically optimizes safety distances is urgently needed to improve project safety and scientific decision-making. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a method and system for assessing the risk of secondary disasters caused by tunnel waste filling, which solves the above problems.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions: A method for assessing the risk of secondary disasters caused by tunnel waste filling, comprising the following steps:

[0005] Obtaining state parameters close to the highway, spoil state parameters of the current tunnel spoil, and geotechnical state parameters of the target filling area, and processing the data to obtain index data of the geotechnical state parameters, index data of the spoil state parameters, and index data of the state parameters close to the highway;

[0006] Constructing a geotechnical state evaluation model based on the index data of geotechnical state parameters and importing the index data of geotechnical state parameters to output the geotechnical state evaluation coefficient;

[0007] Constructing a waste slag state evaluation model based on the index data of the waste slag state parameters and importing the index data of the waste slag state parameters to output a waste slag state evaluation coefficient;

[0008] Based on the rock and soil state evaluation coefficient and the waste slag state evaluation coefficient combined with the index data close to the highway state parameters, a rock and soil-waste synergy model is constructed and the rock and soil-waste synergy degree is output;

[0009] According to the rock-soil-waste synergy and the basic highway-slope safety distance in the highway state parameters, a highway-slope distance adjustment model is constructed to output the target highway-slope safety distance;

[0010] The highway-slope distance adjustment model is expressed as:

[0011]

[0012] in, Indicates the target road-slope safety distance, Indicates the basic safety distance, represents the adjustment factor, It represents the rock-soil-waste synergy.

[0013] On the basis of the above technical solutions, the present invention also provides the following optional technical solutions:

[0014] Further technical solution: The rock and soil state parameters include rock and soil strength, rock and soil weathering degree and original terrain slope; the waste slag state parameters include waste slag compaction degree, waste slag porosity, waste slag disintegration and waste slag fill slope slope; the state parameters close to the highway include vibration information, preset highway-slope distance information and traffic flow information.

[0015] Further technical solution: The index data of the geotechnical state parameters are obtained as follows:

[0016] The original terrain slope index is obtained by performing a ratio process on the original terrain slope and the ninety-degree steep slope;

[0017] The current rock and soil strength is then compared with the optimal rock and soil strength to obtain the rock and soil strength index;

[0018] The degree of rock and soil weathering is judged by point load intensity. The optimal point load intensity is compared with the current point load intensity and then the difference is processed with the optimal point load intensity to obtain the rock and soil weathering degree index.

[0019] Further technical solution: The index data of the waste slag state parameter is obtained by:

[0020] The spoil compaction degree information is compared with the optimal compaction degree information to obtain the spoil compaction degree index;

[0021] The waste void ratio information is processed by ratio processing with the maximum void ratio information to obtain the waste void ratio index;

[0022] The waste disintegration information is compared with the optimal waste disintegration information to obtain a waste disintegration index, wherein the waste disintegration information represents the ratio of the mass loss of the waste after immersion in water to the original mass;

[0023] The slope index of the spoil fill slope is obtained by comparing the slope of the spoil fill slope with the ninety-degree steep slope.

[0024] Further technical solution: The method for obtaining the index data close to the road state parameter is:

[0025] The vibration intensity information is compared with the preset maximum vibration intensity information to obtain a vibration intensity index;

[0026] The rainfall index is obtained by comparing the annual average rainfall information with the regional historical maximum rainfall information;

[0027] The traffic flow information is compared with the preset maximum traffic flow information to obtain the traffic flow index.

[0028] Further technical solution: The specific method of obtaining the rock and soil condition evaluation coefficient is:

[0029] Construct a geotechnical evaluation model based on geotechnical strength index, geotechnical weathering index and original terrain slope index;

[0030] Importing the rock and soil strength index, rock and soil weathering index and original terrain slope index into the constructed rock and soil evaluation model to output the rock and soil state evaluation coefficient;

[0031] The obtained geotechnical condition evaluation coefficient is compared with the preset geotechnical condition evaluation coefficient threshold. If the geotechnical condition evaluation coefficient is within the geotechnical condition evaluation coefficient threshold, it indicates that the target filling area can be treated with waste slag filling. If the geotechnical condition evaluation coefficient is not within the geotechnical condition evaluation coefficient threshold, it indicates that the target filling area is not suitable for waste slag filling.

[0032] The geotechnical evaluation model is expressed as:

[0033]

[0034] in, represents the geotechnical condition evaluation coefficient and , represents the geotechnical strength index, represents the rock and soil weathering index, represents the original terrain slope index, 、 Represents the weight coefficient.

[0035] Further technical solution: The specific method of obtaining the waste slag state evaluation coefficient is:

[0036] The spoil state evaluation model is constructed based on the spoil compaction index, spoil porosity index, spoil disintegration index and spoil fill slope index.

[0037] The spoil compaction index, spoil void ratio index, spoil disintegration index and spoil fill slope index are imported into the constructed spoil state evaluation model to output the spoil state evaluation coefficient;

[0038] The obtained spoil state evaluation coefficient is compared with the preset spoil state evaluation coefficient threshold. If the spoil state evaluation coefficient is within the spoil state evaluation coefficient threshold, it indicates that the current tunnel spoil is suitable for spoil filling treatment. If the spoil state evaluation coefficient is not within the spoil state evaluation coefficient threshold, it indicates that the current tunnel spoil is not suitable for filling treatment.

[0039] The waste slag status evaluation model is expressed as:

[0040]

[0041] in, represents the waste slag status evaluation coefficient and , represents the spoil compaction index, represents the void ratio index of the waste residue, It represents the disintegration index of the waste residue. It represents the slope index of the spoil fill slope.

[0042] Further technical solution: The specific method for obtaining the rock-soil-waste synergy degree is:

[0043] According to the rock and soil state evaluation coefficient and the waste slag state evaluation coefficient combined with the vibration index, rainfall index and traffic flow index, a rock and soil-waste slag synergy model is constructed and the rock and soil-waste slag synergy degree is output by importing the rock and soil-waste slag synergy model;

[0044] The obtained rock-soil-waste synergy is compared with the preset synergy threshold. If the rock-soil-waste synergy is not within the synergy threshold, it indicates that the current tunnel waste is not suitable for filling in the target filling area. Otherwise, it is suitable for filling.

[0045] The rock-soil-waste synergy model is expressed as:

[0046]

[0047] in, represents the rock-soil-waste synergy and , represents the geotechnical condition evaluation coefficient, represents the waste slag status evaluation coefficient, Represents the corresponding weights of vibration intensity index, rainfall index and traffic flow index, Indicates the corresponding vibration intensity index, rainfall index and traffic flow index.

[0048] A tunnel spoil filling secondary disaster risk assessment system adopts the tunnel spoil filling secondary disaster risk assessment method.

[0049] The present invention provides a method and system for assessing the risk of secondary disasters caused by tunnel spoil filling, which has the following advantages over the prior art:

[0050] 1. The present invention constructs a rock and soil state evaluation model, a waste slag state evaluation model, and a rock and soil-waste synergy model to quantify the synergistic effect of multiple factors and adjust the highway-slope safety distance based on dynamic environmental parameters. This solves the problem of single evaluation parameters and neglect of dynamic factors in the existing technology, and has the advantages of high evaluation accuracy and strong adaptability. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0051] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the process of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0052] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0053] The specific implementation of the present invention is described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0054] See also Figure 1 , provided in one embodiment of the present invention, is a method for assessing the risk of secondary disasters caused by tunnel spoil filling, comprising the following steps:

[0055] Obtaining state parameters close to the highway, spoil state parameters of the current tunnel spoil, and geotechnical state parameters of the target filling area, and processing the data to obtain index data of the geotechnical state parameters, index data of the spoil state parameters, and index data of the state parameters close to the highway;

[0056] Constructing a geotechnical state evaluation model based on the index data of geotechnical state parameters and importing the index data of geotechnical state parameters to output the geotechnical state evaluation coefficient;

[0057] Constructing a waste slag state evaluation model based on the index data of the waste slag state parameters and importing the index data of the waste slag state parameters to output a waste slag state evaluation coefficient;

[0058] Based on the rock and soil state evaluation coefficient and the waste slag state evaluation coefficient combined with the index data close to the highway state parameters, a rock and soil-waste synergy model is constructed and the rock and soil-waste synergy degree is output;

[0059] According to the rock-soil-waste synergy and the basic highway-slope safety distance in the highway state parameters, a highway-slope distance adjustment model is constructed to output the target highway-slope safety distance;

[0060] Preferably, the road-slope distance adjustment model is expressed as:

[0061]

[0062] in, Indicates the target road-slope safety distance, Indicates the basic safety distance (usually 20m), represents the adjustment factor (usually 0.5), It represents the rock-soil-waste synergy.

[0063] Specifically, geotechnical parameters are standardized and then fed into the evaluation model to derive quantitative indicators representing the geological bearing capacity. Waste slag parameters are converted into material performance coefficients through multi-dimensional analysis. These two coefficients, along with dynamic parameters such as ambient vibration and rainfall, are then fed into the synergy model to calculate a synergy value reflecting the overall stability of the system.

[0064] Compared to existing technologies, which traditionally use fixed weights to superimpose parameters, this solution implements nonlinear coupled calculations by constructing a synergy function, more accurately reflecting the interactions of multiple factors. Conventional safety distance settings rely on empirical formulas, while this method dynamically optimizes based on real-time data analysis, effectively adapting to complex operating conditions. Existing technologies only perform qualitative analysis of vibration loads, while this solution quantifies them into exponential parameters and incorporates them into the calculation system.

[0065] Through the above-mentioned technical solution, this application overcomes the technical barriers to multi-source parameter normalization, establishes a synergistic assessment system for rock, soil, and waste materials, and achieves dynamic optimization of safety distances. This method improves the accuracy of secondary hazard risk assessment, overcomes the shortcomings of traditional models that ignore environmental dynamics, and provides a quantitative decision-making basis for engineering safety control.

[0066] Preferably, the rock and soil state parameters include rock and soil strength, rock and soil weathering degree, and original terrain slope; the waste slag state parameters include waste slag compaction, waste slag porosity, waste slag disintegration, and waste slag fill slope slope; the road proximity state parameters include vibration information, preset road-slope distance information, and traffic flow information;

[0067] Among them, geotechnical strength refers to the shear strength index of the geotechnical mass, which can be obtained through on-site direct shear tests or triaxial tests, and is used to reflect the bearing capacity of the foundation in the fill area. The degree of geotechnical weathering refers to the degree of degradation of the geotechnical mass under physical and chemical effects in the natural environment. It can be quantified using the point load strength test method and is used to characterize the erosion resistance of the geotechnical structure. The original terrain slope refers to the natural ground inclination in the fill area before construction. It can be measured using a total station or three-dimensional laser scanning and is used to assess the stability of the original terrain. The degree of compaction of the waste slag refers to the ratio of the actual dry density of the fill material to the maximum dry density. It can be tested using the ring knife method or nuclear density meter and is used to characterize the density of the fill. The void ratio of the waste slag refers to the ratio of the pore volume to the total volume of the fill material. It can be measured using the volume calculation method and is used to reflect the seepage characteristics of the fill. The disintegration of the waste slag refers to the mass loss rate of the fill material after immersion in water. It can be measured through a disintegration test and is used to evaluate the water stability of the fill. The slope of the waste fill slope refers to the inclination angle of the slope formed by the fill project. It can be obtained through slope design drawings or on-site measurements and is used to characterize the geometric stability of the slope. Vibration information refers to the vibration intensity data caused by vehicle passage, which can be collected through acceleration sensors to reflect the disturbance effect of traffic loads on the slope. The preset highway-slope distance information refers to the minimum horizontal distance between the fill slope and the highway shoulder set in the design phase. It can be extracted through engineering drawings and used to establish an initial safety benchmark. Traffic flow information refers to the predicted or measured number of vehicles passing per unit time. It can be obtained through traffic flow monitoring equipment and is used to assess the intensity of the continuous impact of traffic loads.

[0068] Specifically, by decomposing geotechnical parameters into three core indicators: strength, weathering degree, and terrain slope, a correlation model was established between foundation bearing capacity, weathering resistance, and natural terrain stability. Geotechnical strength directly determines the foundation's ability to resist deformation, weathering degree reflects the durability of the geotechnical structure, and the original terrain slope influences the overall stability of the fill after construction. The spoil state parameters are characterized by four dimensions: compaction, porosity, disintegration, and slope gradient, which characterize the engineering performance of the fill material. Compaction determines the density of the fill, porosity affects drainage, disintegration reflects water stability, and slope gradient determines geometric stability. The road proximity parameters incorporate three dynamic parameters: vibration intensity, pre-set safety distance, and traffic volume. Vibration intensity quantifies the mechanical disturbance of traffic loads, pre-set safety distance establishes initial safety margin, and traffic volume data predicts traffic impact frequency. The combination of these three parameters forms a multi-dimensional coupled indicator system that encompasses both inherent material properties and environmental dynamics. A comprehensive assessment model is constructed through the interaction between these parameters.

[0069] Compared with existing technologies, traditional methods typically focus solely on single indicators such as geotechnical strength or waste compaction. These methods fail to establish a performance match between geotechnical and fill materials, and lack quantitative analysis of dynamic environmental factors such as traffic vibration and rainfall erosion. This approach uses a multi-parameter combination to correlate the physical and mechanical properties of geotechnical and waste with environmental disturbances, addressing the technical flaw of one-sided parameter selection. For example, existing technologies often overlook the synergistic effect between waste disintegration and rainfall. However, this approach, by coupling the disintegration index with the rainfall index, can predict slope stability degradation trends under flooding conditions.

[0070] Through the above technical solution, this application effectively addresses the issues of incomplete parameter systems and unquantified synergies in traditional risk assessment methods. By systematically combining geotechnical state parameters, waste slag state parameters, and road proximity state parameters, a multi-dimensional assessment system encompassing material properties, environmental disturbances, and geometric characteristics has been constructed. This allows the stability assessment of fill slopes to simultaneously consider the combined effects of foundation bearing capacity, fill material properties, and traffic environment impacts, significantly improving the accuracy of secondary disaster prediction and the reliability of safety distance calculations.

[0071] Preferably, the index data of the geotechnical state parameters are obtained in the following manner:

[0072] The original terrain slope index is obtained by performing a ratio process on the original terrain slope and the ninety-degree steep slope;

[0073] The current rock and soil strength is then compared with the optimal rock and soil strength to obtain the rock and soil strength index;

[0074] The degree of rock and soil weathering is judged by point load intensity. The optimal point load intensity is compared with the current point load intensity and then the difference is processed with the optimal point load intensity to obtain the rock and soil weathering degree index.

[0075] Specifically, when obtaining the original terrain slope index, the actual slope angle value is first measured, and then divided by the ninety-degree steep slope angle value to obtain the relative slope index. For example, when the slope is measured to be 30 degrees, its slope index is 30 / 90≈0.33. For the geotechnical strength index, the uniaxial compressive strength of the current geotechnical is obtained through laboratory testing. For example, if the measured strength is 25MPa and the optimal strength is 50MPa, the strength index is 25 / 50=0.5. For the geotechnical weathering index, the point load strength test value is used as the basis. For example, if the current value is measured to be 0.8MPa and the optimal value is 1.5MPa, the difference is 1.5-0.8=0.7MPa. The ratio of the current value to the optimal value is calculated to obtain an index of 0.8 / 1.5≈0.53. Through the above method, geotechnical parameters of different dimensions are uniformly converted into standardized indices to eliminate the incomparability between parameters.

[0076] Compared with the existing technology, the traditional method usually directly uses the absolute value of the original slope for evaluation, which makes it impossible to effectively compare parameters of different dimensions. For example, it is impossible to directly compare the impact of a 30-degree slope and 0.5MPa geotechnical strength on the evaluation. The present application converts the slope into a relative index through ratio processing, making different terrain parameters comparable. For the evaluation of the degree of geotechnical weathering, the existing technology mostly relies on qualitative classification descriptions, such as dividing the degree of weathering into mild, moderate, severe and other levels, which lacks precise quantitative basis. The present application realizes the quantitative expression of the degree of weathering through the difference in point load strength combined with ratio calculation.

[0077] Through the above technical solutions, this application solves the problem of insufficient normalization of geotechnical parameters. Specifically, the ratio processing of the original terrain slope eliminates the influence of absolute dimensions on the evaluation, making different slope values ​​comparable; the geotechnical strength index achieves parameter normalization through the ratio of the current value to the optimal value, avoiding misjudgment caused by relying solely on absolute values; the technical means of combining point load strength difference with ratio calculation converts the complex degree of geotechnical weathering into a quantifiable index, overcoming the subjectivity and ambiguity of traditional qualitative evaluation. The synergistic effect of the above technical features has established a standardized evaluation system for geotechnical state parameters, providing an accurate and unified data foundation for the establishment of subsequent risk assessment models.

[0078] Preferably, the index data of the waste slag state parameter is obtained in the following manner:

[0079] The spoil compaction degree information is compared with the optimal compaction degree information to obtain the spoil compaction degree index;

[0080] The waste void ratio information is processed by ratio processing with the maximum void ratio information to obtain the waste void ratio index;

[0081] The waste disintegration information is compared with the optimal waste disintegration information to obtain a waste disintegration index, wherein the waste disintegration information represents the ratio of the mass loss of the waste after immersion in water to the original mass;

[0082] The slope index of the spoil fill slope is obtained by comparing the slope of the spoil fill slope with the ninety-degree steep slope.

[0083] Specifically, in order to solve the problem of lack of systematic quantification of the physical properties of waste slag, the compaction index is first used to reflect the deviation between the actual construction quality and the design standard. For example, when the measured compaction of a certain project is 95% of the design value, an index of 0.95 is generated. The void ratio index directly characterizes structural defects by comparing the measured value with the safety upper limit. For example, when the void ratio is 15% and the maximum allowable value is 20%, an index of 0.75 is generated. The disintegration index uses immersion test data. For example, when the mass loss is 30% and the allowable threshold is 20%, an index of 1.5 is generated to quantitatively reveal water sensitivity. The slope index compares the terrain angle with the engineering limit value. For example, a 60-degree slope generates an index of 0.67 to quantify geometric stability. The four indices are normalized to form a complementary indicator system, covering mechanical properties, structural density, environmental resistance and terrain characteristics, providing standard input for the collaborative evaluation model.

[0084] Compared with existing technologies, traditional methods only evaluate the state of waste through a single parameter (such as the absolute value of compaction) or a qualitative description (such as the disintegration grade), making it difficult to compare data from different projects horizontally. This solution constructs a dimensionless index through a ratio method, eliminating differences in measurement units and engineering standards. For example, the existing technology uses a direct percentage comparison of void ratios, which cannot distinguish the safety thresholds of different projects. However, this solution uses the ratio of void ratio to the maximum allowable value to make data from different projects comparable. Specifically for the stability of waste in contact with water, existing technologies often use a three-level description of "high, medium, and low". This solution achieves the quantitative characterization of disintegration characteristics for the first time by calculating the ratio of mass loss due to immersion in water.

[0085] Through the above technical solutions, this application establishes a standardized system for assessing the status of waste slag. The compaction index addresses the challenge of quantifying the deviation between construction quality and design standards, the porosity index enables direct calculation of structural defect risk, the disintegration index overcomes the bottleneck of quantitative evaluation of water erosion resistance, and the slope index transforms complex terrain features into calculable stability parameters. These four indices work synergistically to fully cover the mechanical properties, structural characteristics, environmental response, and geometric morphology of the waste slag fill, enabling the risk assessment model to accurately quantify the impact of the waste slag's physical properties on the fill's stability.

[0086] Preferably, the index data close to the road state parameter is obtained in the following manner:

[0087] The vibration intensity information is compared with the preset maximum vibration intensity information to obtain a vibration intensity index;

[0088] The rainfall index is obtained by comparing the annual average rainfall information with the regional historical maximum rainfall information;

[0089] The traffic flow information is compared with the preset maximum traffic flow information to obtain the traffic flow index.

[0090] Among them, the vibration intensity index refers to the ratio of the actual vibration intensity to the preset maximum vibration intensity. Specifically, dynamic monitoring equipment can be used to collect on-site vibration data, and normalized calculations can be performed based on the preset safety threshold. This parameter is used to quantify the impact of vibration caused by mechanical operations or traffic loads on slope stability. The rainfall index refers to the ratio of the current average annual rainfall to the maximum historical rainfall in the region. Specifically, this can be achieved through comparative analysis of meteorological monitoring data and historical databases. This parameter is used to reflect the potential damage risk of rainfall erosion to fill slopes. The traffic flow index refers to the ratio of the actual traffic flow within a preset time period to the preset maximum traffic flow. Specifically, a traffic monitoring system can be used to obtain real-time traffic flow data. This parameter is used to characterize the cumulative disturbance effect of traffic loads on slope structures.

[0091] Specifically, the vibration intensity index eliminates dimensional differences between different monitoring devices by establishing a proportional relationship between the measured vibration amplitude and a preset safety threshold. For example, when the vibration sensor measures a peak value of 0.5g, if the preset maximum allowable vibration intensity is 1.0g, the vibration intensity index is calculated as 0.5 / 1.0 = 0.5. The rainfall index uses the regional historical extreme value as a normalized benchmark. For example, if the historical maximum annual rainfall in a region is 2000mm and the actual rainfall that year is 1200mm, the rainfall index is 1200 / 2000 = 0.6. The traffic flow index compares the average daily traffic flow with the preset road load limit. For example, if the designed maximum daily traffic flow on a certain road section is 10,000 vehicles and the measured value is 8,000 vehicles, the traffic flow index is 8,000 / 10,000 = 0.8. The above processing method converts environmental parameters of different dimensions into standardized indices, facilitating the subsequent model to conduct multi-factor coupling analysis.

[0092] Compared to existing technologies, traditional methods use independent thresholds for environmental parameters without establishing a unified quantification system. For example, they only determine whether vibration intensity exceeds a limit or rainfall reaches a warning value, failing to reflect the cumulative effects of multiple factors. This solution, through ratio processing based on preset baseline values, not only normalizes vibration, rainfall, and traffic parameters, but also preserves the relative weight of each factor's impact on slope stability, providing a computable, standardized input for multi-source data fusion.

[0093] Through the above technical solution, this application effectively solves the problem of assessment bias caused by dimensional differences in environmental parameters, allowing three dynamic factors, vibration intensity, rainfall erosion, and traffic load, to participate in the synergy calculation through a unified index system. For example, in a scenario with heavy rain and heavy vehicles passing through, the simultaneous increase in the rainfall index and the traffic flow index can be directly reflected as an input change in the synergy model, thereby dynamically adjusting the safety distance calculation results, avoiding the risk assessment distortion caused by the isolated judgment of environmental factors in traditional methods.

[0094] Preferably, the specific method of obtaining the rock and soil condition evaluation coefficient is:

[0095] Construct a geotechnical evaluation model based on geotechnical strength index, geotechnical weathering index and original terrain slope index;

[0096] Importing the rock and soil strength index, rock and soil weathering index and original terrain slope index into the constructed rock and soil evaluation model to output the rock and soil state evaluation coefficient;

[0097] The obtained geotechnical condition evaluation coefficient is compared with the preset geotechnical condition evaluation coefficient threshold. If the geotechnical condition evaluation coefficient is within the geotechnical condition evaluation coefficient threshold, it indicates that the target filling area can be treated with waste slag filling. If the geotechnical condition evaluation coefficient is not within the geotechnical condition evaluation coefficient threshold, it indicates that the target filling area is not suitable for waste slag filling.

[0098] The geotechnical evaluation model is expressed as:

[0099]

[0100] in, represents the geotechnical condition evaluation coefficient and , represents the geotechnical strength index, represents the rock and soil weathering index, represents the original terrain slope index, 、 represents the weight coefficient, The larger the value, the more suitable the geotechnical conditions are for filling; the smaller the value, the more cautious or avoid filling.

[0101] Specifically, the geotechnical condition evaluation model integrates the influence of multiple factors by coupling geotechnical strength, degree of weathering, and terrain slope. For example, when the geotechnical strength index is high and the weathering index is low, it indicates that the geotechnical bearing capacity is strong and the structure is stable. In this case, even with a large slope, it is still possible to balance the evaluation results through weight distribution. The calculated geotechnical condition evaluation coefficient, after comparison with the threshold, can clearly determine the feasibility of the fill: if the coefficient is within the preset range, it indicates that the geotechnical conditions meet the fill requirements; if it is outside the range, the fill area must be reselected or reinforcement measures must be implemented. This process replaces subjective experience judgment with quantitative calculation, achieving collaborative parameter analysis and dynamic decision-making.

[0102] Compared to existing technologies, traditional approaches focus solely on single parameters, such as slope or strength, lack analysis of synergistic effects between these parameters, and lack a standardized evaluation system. For example, existing technologies may stipulate that slopes must not exceed 30 degrees, but fail to consider the stability of high-strength rock and soil at steeper slopes. This approach constructs a multi-parameter model to reflect these combined effects and introduces a dynamic threshold mechanism to avoid the applicability deviation of fixed thresholds under different geological conditions.

[0103] Through the above-mentioned technical solution, this application solves the existing problem of isolated analysis of geotechnical parameters and lack of systematic evaluation, and realizes a multi-dimensional quantitative evaluation of geotechnical conditions. By constructing a normalized index and assigning weights, it effectively integrates the impact of key parameters such as geotechnical strength, degree of weathering, and terrain slope on the evaluation results. The dynamic threshold-based judgment mechanism can adjust the fill suitability standard according to specific engineering conditions, significantly improving the accuracy of risk assessment and the scientific nature of engineering decision-making.

[0104] Preferably, the specific method of obtaining the waste slag state evaluation coefficient is:

[0105] The spoil state evaluation model is constructed based on the spoil compaction index, spoil porosity index, spoil disintegration index and spoil fill slope index.

[0106] The spoil compaction index, spoil void ratio index, spoil disintegration index and spoil fill slope index are imported into the constructed spoil state evaluation model to output the spoil state evaluation coefficient;

[0107] The obtained spoil state evaluation coefficient is compared with the preset spoil state evaluation coefficient threshold. If the spoil state evaluation coefficient is within the spoil state evaluation coefficient threshold, it indicates that the current tunnel spoil is suitable for spoil filling treatment. If the spoil state evaluation coefficient is not within the spoil state evaluation coefficient threshold, it indicates that the current tunnel spoil is not suitable for filling treatment.

[0108] The waste slag status evaluation model is expressed as:

[0109]

[0110] in, represents the waste slag status evaluation coefficient and , represents the spoil compaction index, represents the void ratio index of the waste residue, It represents the disintegration index of the waste residue. represents the slope index of the spoil fill slope, A value close to 1 indicates that the spoil is suitable for filling (high compaction, low porosity, weak disintegration, and gentle slope), while a value close to 0 indicates that the spoil is unstable and filling should be avoided.

[0111] Specifically, the spoil compaction index reflects the quality of material compaction, the spoil porosity index reveals internal structural characteristics, the spoil disintegration index assesses long-term durability, and the spoil fill slope gradient index characterizes engineering morphological risks. The spoil state evaluation model captures the interactions between parameters. For example, an excessively high spoil fill slope gradient index may amplify the negative impact of disintegration. When the calculated spoil state evaluation coefficient falls within the preset threshold range, it indicates that the synergistic effect of various parameters meets the stability requirements of the fill project. If it exceeds the threshold range, it indicates the risk of synergistic deterioration between parameters, and the spoil material needs to be reassessed or improved.

[0112] Compared to existing technologies, traditional methods focus solely on the independent analysis of single parameters, such as compaction or porosity, and fail to establish a model for the coupled interaction of multiple parameters. For example, one paper judges the suitability of spoil fill solely by whether the compaction meets the required standards, ignoring the potential for landslide damage caused by the combined effects of the slope gradient and disintegration of the spoil fill. However, this approach, through the systematic integration of four parameters, can identify trends in synergistic degradation among these parameters. For example, when the slope gradient of the spoil fill slope and strong disintegration interact, even if the compaction meets the required standards, landslide damage may still occur.

[0113] Through the above technical solution, this application can effectively identify the comprehensive state of waste slag materials under the influence of multiple coupling factors, avoiding misjudgments caused by isolated parameter analysis. For example, in areas with frequent rainfall, even if the waste slag compaction meets the standard, if the porosity is too high and the disintegration is strong, the model will output an evaluation coefficient that exceeds the threshold, providing a timely warning of the risk of infiltration and damage. This assessment method provides multi-dimensional material suitability criteria for waste slag filling projects, significantly improving the comprehensiveness and reliability of risk assessments.

[0114] Preferably, the rock-soil-waste synergy degree is obtained in the following manner:

[0115] According to the rock and soil state evaluation coefficient and the waste slag state evaluation coefficient combined with the vibration index, rainfall index and traffic flow index, a rock and soil-waste slag synergy model is constructed and the rock and soil-waste slag synergy degree is output by importing the rock and soil-waste slag synergy model;

[0116] The obtained rock-soil-waste synergy is compared with the preset synergy threshold. If the rock-soil-waste synergy is not within the synergy threshold, it indicates that the current tunnel waste is not suitable for filling in the target filling area. Otherwise, it is suitable for filling.

[0117] The rock-soil-waste synergy model is expressed as:

[0118]

[0119] in, represents the rock-soil-waste synergy and , represents the geotechnical condition evaluation coefficient, represents the waste slag status evaluation coefficient, Represents the corresponding weights of vibration intensity index, rainfall index and traffic flow index, Indicates the corresponding vibration intensity index, rainfall index and traffic flow index, A value close to 0 indicates that the rock-soil-waste matching is good and the influence of external interference (vibration, wind, traffic) is small. A value close to 1 indicates poor matching and the distance between the slope and the road needs to be significantly adjusted.

[0120] Specifically, the geotechnical condition evaluation coefficient and the waste residue condition evaluation coefficient provide basic evaluation data from the perspectives of geological conditions and engineering materials, respectively. The vibration intensity index reflects the dynamic disturbance effect of mechanical operations on the fill structure by monitoring the vibration energy level at the construction site. The rainfall index, incorporating regional climate characteristics, quantifies the softening effect of precipitation infiltration on the geotechnical-waste residue interface. The traffic volume index, based on traffic load data, assesses the cumulative impact of periodic vibrations generated by vehicle traffic on slope stability. In the synergy model, the environmental factor weight coefficient is dynamically adjusted based on engineering geological conditions and environmental characteristics. For example, the weight of the rainfall index can be increased in areas with frequent rainfall. By multidimensionally coupling static geotechnical-waste residue characteristic parameters with dynamic environmental impact parameters, the resulting synergy index comprehensively reflects the overall coordination status of the fill system. When the synergy exceeds the preset threshold, the system automatically triggers an early warning mechanism and generates risk control recommendations.

[0121] Compared to existing technologies, this solution, by establishing a multi-parameter collaborative model, incorporates three dynamic environmental parameters—vibration, rainfall, and traffic load—into the assessment system for the first time, enabling analysis of the time-varying characteristics of fill stability. The fixed safety distance calculation method used in existing technologies has been improved to a dynamic adjustment mechanism based on the degree of coordination, enabling the safety distance parameter to be automatically optimized as environmental conditions change.

[0122] Through the above-mentioned technical solution, this application effectively addresses the misjudgment problem caused by traditional assessment methods that ignore the synergistic effects of multiple factors. By quantifying the coupling effect of geotechnical properties, waste slag performance, and environmental impacts, the accuracy of risk assessment for fill projects is significantly improved. The established dynamic synergy model can respond to changes in environmental parameters in real time, providing data support for optimizing and adjusting highway slope safety distances, and avoiding the lack of adaptability of traditional static assessment models in complex working conditions.

[0123] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as first and second, etc., are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that includes a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not explicitly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0124] While embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations may be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, and that the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for assessing the risk of secondary disasters caused by tunnel spoil filling, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Obtaining state parameters close to the highway, spoil state parameters of the current tunnel spoil, and geotechnical state parameters of the target filling area, and processing the data to obtain index data of the geotechnical state parameters, index data of the spoil state parameters, and index data of the state parameters close to the highway; Constructing a geotechnical state evaluation model based on the index data of geotechnical state parameters and importing the index data of geotechnical state parameters to output the geotechnical state evaluation coefficient; Constructing a waste slag state evaluation model based on the index data of the waste slag state parameters and importing the index data of the waste slag state parameters to output a waste slag state evaluation coefficient; Based on the rock and soil state evaluation coefficient and the waste slag state evaluation coefficient combined with the index data close to the highway state parameters, a rock and soil-waste synergy model is constructed and the rock and soil-waste synergy degree is output; According to the rock-soil-waste synergy and the basic highway-slope safety distance in the highway state parameters, a highway-slope distance adjustment model is constructed to output the target highway-slope safety distance; The highway-slope distance adjustment model is expressed as: ； in, Indicates the target road-slope safety distance, Indicates the basic safety distance, represents the adjustment factor, It represents the rock-soil-waste synergy degree; The rock and soil state parameters include rock and soil strength, rock and soil weathering degree, and original terrain slope; the spoil state parameters include spoil compaction, spoil porosity, spoil disintegration, and spoil fill slope; the road proximity state parameters include vibration information, preset road-slope distance information, and traffic flow information; The specific method for obtaining the rock-soil-waste synergy degree is: According to the rock and soil state evaluation coefficient and the waste slag state evaluation coefficient combined with the vibration index, rainfall index and traffic flow index, a rock and soil-waste slag synergy model is constructed and the rock and soil-waste slag synergy degree is output by importing the rock and soil-waste slag synergy model; The obtained rock-soil-waste synergy is compared with the preset synergy threshold. If the rock-soil-waste synergy is not within the synergy threshold, it indicates that the current tunnel waste is not suitable for filling in the target filling area. Otherwise, it is suitable for filling. The rock-soil-waste synergy model is expressed as: ； in, represents the rock-soil-waste synergy and , represents the geotechnical condition evaluation coefficient, represents the waste slag status evaluation coefficient, Represents the corresponding weights of vibration intensity index, rainfall index and traffic flow index, Indicates the corresponding vibration intensity index, rainfall index and traffic flow index.

2. The method for assessing the risk of secondary disasters caused by tunnel spoil filling according to claim 1, characterized in that: The index data of the geotechnical state parameters are obtained as follows: The original terrain slope index is obtained by performing a ratio process on the original terrain slope and the ninety-degree steep slope; The current rock and soil strength is then compared with the optimal rock and soil strength to obtain the rock and soil strength index; The degree of rock and soil weathering is judged by point load intensity. The optimal point load intensity is compared with the current point load intensity and then the difference is processed with the optimal point load intensity to obtain the rock and soil weathering degree index.

3. The method for assessing the risk of secondary disasters caused by tunnel spoil filling according to claim 2, characterized in that: The index data of the waste slag state parameter is obtained as follows: The spoil compaction degree information is compared with the optimal compaction degree information to obtain the spoil compaction degree index; The waste void ratio information is processed by ratio processing with the maximum void ratio information to obtain the waste void ratio index; The waste disintegration information is compared with the optimal waste disintegration information to obtain a waste disintegration index, wherein the waste disintegration information represents the ratio of the mass loss of the waste after immersion in water to the original mass; The slope index of the spoil fill slope is obtained by comparing the slope of the spoil fill slope with the ninety-degree steep slope.

4. The method for assessing the risk of secondary disasters caused by tunnel spoil filling according to claim 3, characterized in that: The method for obtaining the index data close to the highway state parameter is as follows: The vibration intensity information is compared with the preset maximum vibration intensity information to obtain a vibration intensity index; The rainfall index is obtained by comparing the annual average rainfall information with the regional historical maximum rainfall information; The traffic flow information is compared with the preset maximum traffic flow information to obtain the traffic flow index.

5. The method for assessing the risk of secondary disasters caused by tunnel spoil filling according to claim 4, characterized in that: The specific method of obtaining the rock and soil condition evaluation coefficient is as follows: Construct a geotechnical evaluation model based on geotechnical strength index, geotechnical weathering index and original terrain slope index; Importing the rock and soil strength index, rock and soil weathering index and original terrain slope index into the constructed rock and soil evaluation model to output the rock and soil state evaluation coefficient; The obtained geotechnical condition evaluation coefficient is compared with the preset geotechnical condition evaluation coefficient threshold. If the geotechnical condition evaluation coefficient is within the geotechnical condition evaluation coefficient threshold, it indicates that the target filling area can be treated with waste slag filling. If the geotechnical condition evaluation coefficient is not within the geotechnical condition evaluation coefficient threshold, it indicates that the target filling area is not suitable for waste slag filling. The geotechnical evaluation model is expressed as: ； in, represents the geotechnical condition evaluation coefficient and , represents the geotechnical strength index, represents the rock and soil weathering index, represents the original terrain slope index, 、 Represents the weight coefficient.

6. The method for assessing the risk of secondary disasters caused by tunnel spoil filling according to claim 4, characterized in that: The specific method for obtaining the waste slag state evaluation coefficient is as follows: The spoil state evaluation model is constructed based on the spoil compaction index, spoil porosity index, spoil disintegration index and spoil fill slope index. The spoil compaction index, spoil void ratio index, spoil disintegration index and spoil fill slope index are imported into the constructed spoil state evaluation model to output the spoil state evaluation coefficient; The obtained spoil state evaluation coefficient is compared with the preset spoil state evaluation coefficient threshold. If the spoil state evaluation coefficient is within the spoil state evaluation coefficient threshold, it indicates that the current tunnel spoil is suitable for spoil filling treatment. If the spoil state evaluation coefficient is not within the spoil state evaluation coefficient threshold, it indicates that the current tunnel spoil is not suitable for filling treatment. The waste slag status evaluation model is expressed as: ； in, represents the waste slag status evaluation coefficient and , represents the spoil compaction index, represents the void ratio index of the waste residue, It represents the disintegration index of the waste residue. It represents the slope index of the spoil fill slope.

7. A tunnel waste filling secondary disaster risk assessment system, characterized in that: The method for assessing the risk of secondary disasters caused by tunnel waste filling as described in any one of claims 1 to 6 is adopted.

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