Fine crushing and grinding processing device for traditional Chinese medicinal materials

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of medicinal material processing equipment, in particular to a fine crushing and grinding processing device for traditional Chinese medicinal materials. The annular cutting disc is provided with a plurality of cutting channels, the annular cutting disc is connected with the rack, an opening is formed in the inner circumferential side of the annular cutting disc, a material passing opening is formed in the annular cutting disc, and inner cavities of the cutting channels communicate with the outside through the material passing opening; the annular mounting disc and the annular cutting disc are coaxially arranged, and a rotating gap is reserved between the annular mounting disc and the inner circumferential side of the annular cutting disc; the cutting knives are connected with the annular mounting disc, and the cutting knives extend into the cutting channel; the rotation driving unit is connected with the rack, and the rotation driving unit is connected with the annular mounting disc and used for driving the annular mounting disc to rotate; the traditional Chinese medicinal material cutting device has the effect of reducing the influence of the traditional Chinese medicinal material cutting effect on traditional Chinese medicinal material processing quality and processing efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of medicinal material processing equipment, and in particular to a device for fine crushing and grinding processing of traditional Chinese medicinal materials. Background Art

[0002] "Traditional Chinese medicinal materials" refer to the raw materials used in traditional Chinese medicine preparations, primarily derived from natural substances such as plants, animals, and minerals. These materials possess diverse therapeutic and preventative properties and are a crucial component of traditional Chinese medicine preparations. When selecting traditional Chinese medicinal materials, factors such as their origin, harvesting time, and processing methods must be considered to ensure their quality and efficacy.

[0003] The crushing and grinding of Chinese medicinal materials are important links in the preparation process of Chinese medicine preparations. The purpose is to process the original medicinal materials into powder of appropriate particle size for further processing and extraction of effective ingredients. The prior art discloses a Chinese medicinal material crusher, which includes a shell, which is an upward-opening rectangular shape, with a trumpet-shaped feed port on the upper part and a discharge port on the lower part; a medicine grinding device, which is arranged in the upper inner part of the shell, and includes two grinding wheels and a first drive device; the central axes of the two grinding wheels are parallel to each other, and the two ends of the two grinding wheels are respectively connected to the inner wall of the shell to form a rotation connection, and a gap is formed between the two grinding wheels, and the gap is located directly below the feed port; the first drive device is arranged outside the shell, and its output shaft penetrates into the shell and is connected to any one of the grinding wheels; a vertical cutting device, which is arranged in the shell and is located directly below the medicine grinding device; and a horizontal cutting device, which is arranged in the shell and is located directly below the vertical cutting device.

[0004] Regarding the above-mentioned related technologies, after the Chinese medicinal materials are put into the inner cavity of the shell through the feed port, they will go through several processes such as crushing, cross-cutting and vertical cutting, and then the processed Chinese medicinal materials will be discharged through the discharge port. However, in the process of the Chinese medicinal materials falling in the shell under their own gravity, due to the relative position or processing speed and other reasons, there will be a situation where the crushing and cutting effect of some Chinese medicinal materials is not good, and the uncut Chinese medicinal materials are discharged from the discharge port together with the processed Chinese medicinal materials, and need to undergo secondary screening, which affects the processing quality and efficiency of the Chinese medicinal materials. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to reduce the impact of the cutting effect of Chinese medicinal materials on the processing quality and efficiency of Chinese medicinal materials, the present application provides a Chinese medicinal material fine crushing and grinding processing device.

[0006] The present application provides a device for fine crushing and grinding of Chinese medicinal materials, which adopts the following technical solutions: A device for fine crushing and grinding of Chinese medicinal materials, comprising: frame; An annular cutting disc having a plurality of cutting channels, the annular cutting disc being connected to the frame, the inner circumference of the annular cutting disc being provided with an opening, and a feed port being formed on the annular cutting disc, the inner cavity of the cutting channel being connected to the outside world via the feed port; an annular mounting disk, the annular mounting disk being coaxially arranged with the annular cutting disk, and a rotational gap being left between the annular mounting disk and the inner circumference of the annular cutting disk; A plurality of cutting knives, wherein the cutting knives are connected to the annular mounting plate and extend into the cutting channel; A rotation drive unit is connected to the frame and the annular mounting plate, and is used to drive the annular mounting plate to rotate.

[0007] By adopting the above technical scheme, the Chinese medicinal materials to be processed are placed in the annular cutting disc through the feeding port, and then the annular mounting disc is forced to rotate by the rotating drive unit. The annular mounting disc rotates while driving the cutting knife to rotate. The cutting knife slides in the cutting channel and completes the cutting and crushing of the Chinese medicinal materials in the cutting channel. After the annular mounting disc rotates for a certain period of time, the processed Chinese medicinal materials in the inner cavity of the annular cutting disc are taken out; the designed Chinese medicinal material fine crushing and grinding processing device can provide an installation base for the annular cutting disc and the rotating drive unit through the frame, and a processing cavity for processing Chinese medicinal materials can be formed by the annular cutting disc and the annular mounting disc, and the cutting and crushing of Chinese medicinal materials can be achieved by the cutting channel and the cutting knife. The Chinese medicinal materials will not be discharged from the processing cavity immediately after cutting is completed, but need to be taken out uniformly after a certain cutting and crushing processing time, which reduces the possibility of Chinese medicinal materials that have not been crushed into the final product, thereby reducing the influence of the Chinese medicinal material cutting effect on the processing quality and processing efficiency of Chinese medicinal materials.

[0008] In a specific possible implementation scheme, the annular cutting disc is rotatably connected to the frame, and the rotating axis of the annular cutting disc is coaxially arranged with the rotating axis of the annular mounting disc. A sealing cover plate is detachably and fixedly connected to the annular cutting disc, and the sealing cover plate is used to seal the feed port.

[0009] By adopting the above technical solution, an annular cutting disc is designed which is rotatably connected to the frame and detachably connected to a blocking cover. When the cutting knife and the cutting channel cooperate to cut Chinese medicinal materials, the actively rotating cutting knife will give a reaction force to the cutting channel through the Chinese medicinal materials, causing the annular cutting disc to passively rotate. By observing the passive rotation speed of the annular cutting disc, the crushing processing status of the Chinese medicinal materials input can be judged.

[0010] In a specific possible implementation scheme, a threaded rod is connected to the blocking cover plate, and at least one counterweight plate is threadedly connected to the threaded rod.

[0011] By adopting the above technical solution, the designed threaded rod and counterweight plate can achieve a balance between the reaction force brought by the cutting knife passing through the Chinese medicinal materials and the gravity of the counterweight plate, and then by adjusting the input amount of Chinese medicinal materials and the weight of the counterweight plate, a choice can be made so that when the Chinese medicinal materials as a whole achieve the ideal processing effect, the feeding port can be located at the bottom to facilitate the discharge of the Chinese medicinal materials.

[0012] In a specific embodiment, a feed hopper is slidably connected to the frame, and the feed hopper slides radially along the annular cutting disk, and the lower edge of the feed hopper can be inserted into the inner cavity of the annular cutting disk through a feed port.

[0013] By adopting the above technical solution, the designed feeding hopper can facilitate the feeding of Chinese medicinal materials into the inner cavity of the annular cutting disk.

[0014] In a specific embodiment, the plane where the cutting channel is located is perpendicular to the rotation axis of the annular cutting disk.

[0015] By adopting the above technical solution, a cutting channel is designed that is perpendicular to the rotation axis of the annular cutting disc, which can reduce the possibility of Chinese medicinal materials being retained in the cutting channel.

[0016] In a specific embodiment, the rack includes: Basic fixed body; A rotating carrier is rotatably connected to the base fixed body, and the rotating axis of the rotating carrier is horizontal and vertically arranged to the rotating axis of the annular cutting disk. The annular cutting disk and the rotating drive unit are both installed on the rotating carrier.

[0017] By adopting the above technical solution, the designed frame can change the spatial position of the annular cutting disc through the cooperation of the basic fixed body with the rotating carrier.

[0018] In a specific embodiment, the rotation drive unit includes: a connecting frame connected to the annular mounting plate; a transmission rod passing through and slidably connected to the connecting frame; a drive motor, wherein the drive motor is connected to the rotating carrier, and an output shaft of the drive motor is connected to the transmission rod; An adjusting mechanism is connected to the rotating carrier and the adjusting mechanism is connected to the connecting frame, and is used to make the connecting frame move along the axial direction of the output shaft of the driving motor.

[0019] By adopting the above technical solution, a rotation drive unit is designed, which can drive the connecting frame to rotate through the transmission rod by the driving motor, and then drive the annular mounting plate to rotate through the connecting frame. The connecting frame can be displaced along the axial direction of the transmission rod through the adjustment mechanism, thereby changing the distance between the cutting knife and the inner wall of the cutting channel, and realizing the grinding processing of Chinese medicinal materials after the rotation cutting is completed.

[0020] In a specific embodiment, a plurality of grinding through holes are formed on the cutting blade.

[0021] By adopting the above technical solution, the cutting knife with the grinding through hole is designed, which can improve the grinding effect of the Chinese medicinal materials when the cutting knife and the cutting channel rotate relative to each other.

[0022] In a specific embodiment, the regulating mechanism comprises: A rotating connecting sleeve, the rotating connecting sleeve is rotatably connected to the connecting frame, and the rotating connecting sleeve is coaxially arranged with the transmission rod; An adjusting cylinder is connected to the rotating carrier, the axial direction of the adjusting cylinder piston rod is consistent with the axial direction of the output shaft of the driving motor, and the adjusting cylinder piston rod is connected to the rotating connecting sleeve.

[0023] By adopting the above technical solution and designing an adjustment mechanism, the connecting frame can be moved axially along the transmission rod by adjusting the cylinder and rotating the connecting sleeve, thereby adjusting the distance between the cutting knife and the inner wall of the cutting channel to complete the cutting and grinding processing of Chinese medicinal materials.

[0024] In summary, this application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects: 1. The designed Chinese medicinal materials fine crushing and grinding processing device can provide an installation base for the annular cutting disc and the rotating drive unit through the frame. The annular cutting disc and the annular mounting disc can form a processing cavity for processing Chinese medicinal materials. The cutting channel and the cutting knife can realize the cutting and crushing of Chinese medicinal materials. After the cutting is completed, the Chinese medicinal materials will not be discharged from the processing cavity immediately, but need to go through a certain cutting and crushing processing time before being taken out in a unified manner, which reduces the possibility of Chinese medicinal materials that have not been crushed into place being mixed into the final product, thereby reducing the influence of the Chinese medicinal materials cutting effect on the processing quality and processing efficiency of Chinese medicinal materials.

[0025] 2. The designed Chinese medicinal materials fine crushing and grinding processing device can achieve a balance between the reaction force brought by the cutting knife passing through the Chinese medicinal materials and the gravity of the counterweight plate through the threaded rod and the counterweight plate, and then make a choice by adjusting the input amount of Chinese medicinal materials and the weight of the counterweight plate. When the Chinese medicinal materials as a whole achieve the ideal processing effect, the feeding port can be located at the bottom to facilitate the discharge of the Chinese medicinal materials.

[0026] 3. The designed device for fine crushing and grinding of traditional Chinese medicine can drive the connecting frame to rotate through the transmission rod by the driving motor, and then drive the annular mounting plate to rotate through the connecting frame. The connecting frame can be displaced along the axial direction of the transmission rod through the adjustment mechanism, thereby changing the distance between the cutting knife and the inner wall of the cutting channel, and realizing the grinding processing of traditional Chinese medicine after the rotation cutting is completed. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 It is a structural diagram of the medicinal material fine crushing and grinding processing device in the embodiment of the present application.

[0028] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 A sectional view taken along a direction parallel to the rotation axis of the annular cutting disk.

[0029] Figure 3 yes Figure 1 A sectional view taken perpendicular to the rotation axis of the annular cutting disk.

[0030] Figure 4 yes Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the enlarged structure of part A in .

[0031] Figure 5 yes Figure 1 Part of the structural diagram in the figure is mainly used to show the rotation drive unit.

[0032] Figure 6 yes Figure 1 Part of the structural diagram in the figure is mainly used to show the adjustment mechanism.

[0033] Explanation of the accompanying symbols: 1. Frame; 11. Basic fixed body; 12. Rotating carrier; 2. Annular cutting disc; 21. Cutting channel; 3. Annular mounting disc; 4. Cutting knife; 41. Grinding through hole; 5. Rotating drive unit; 51. Connecting frame; 52. Transmission rod; 53. Drive motor; 54. Adjusting mechanism; 541. Rotating connecting sleeve; 542. Adjusting cylinder; 6. Sealing cover plate; 7. Threaded rod; 8. Counterweight disc; 9. Feed hopper. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] The following is combined with Figure 1-6 This application is described in further detail.

[0035] The embodiment of the present application discloses a device for fine crushing and grinding of traditional Chinese medicine.

[0036] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2A device for fine crushing and grinding of traditional Chinese medicine includes a frame 1 and an annular cutting disc 2. A plurality of circular plates are welded and fixed in the inner cavity of the annular cutting disc 2 to form a plurality of cutting channels 21. The plane where the cutting channels 21 are located is perpendicular to the rotation axis of the annular cutting disc 2 to reduce the possibility of traditional Chinese medicine being retained in the cutting channels 21. The annular cutting disc 2 is connected to the frame 1, and an opening is set on the inner circumference side of the annular cutting disc 2. A feeding port is formed on the annular cutting disc 2, and the inner cavity of the cutting channel 21 is connected to the outside world via the feeding port.

[0037] Reference Figure 2 and Figure 3 In order to facilitate the feeding of Chinese medicinal materials into the inner cavity of the annular cutting disk 2 through the feeding port, a feeding hopper 9 is slidably connected to the frame 1. The top wall of the feeding hopper 9 is open outward, and the feeding hopper 9 slides radially along the annular cutting disk 2. The lower edge of the feeding hopper 9 can be inserted into the inner cavity of the annular cutting disk 2 through the feeding port.

[0038] Reference Figure 2 and Figure 3 Furthermore, in order to realize the crushing processing of Chinese medicinal materials in the cutting channel 21, the Chinese medicinal materials fine crushing and grinding processing device also includes an annular mounting disk 3 and multiple cutting knives 4. A plurality of grinding through holes 41 are formed on the cutting knife 4. The annular mounting disk 3 is coaxially arranged with the annular cutting disk 2, and a rotation gap is left between the annular mounting disk 3 and the inner circumference of the annular cutting disk 2; the cutting knife 4 is welded and fixed to the annular mounting disk 3, and the cutting knife 4 is extended into the cutting channel 21 and arranged. By driving the annular mounting disk 3 to rotate, relative rotation occurs between the cutting knife 4 and the cutting channel 21, thereby realizing the cutting processing of Chinese medicinal materials.

[0039] Reference Figure 3 Specifically, the frame 1 includes a basic fixed body 11 and a rotating carrier 12. The basic fixed body 11 is fixedly connected to the ground, and the rotating carrier 12 is rotatably connected to the basic fixed body 11. The rotating axis of the rotating carrier 12 is horizontally arranged, and the rotating axis of the rotating carrier 12 is vertically arranged to the rotating axis of the annular cutting disk 2. The annular cutting disk 2 is rotatably connected to the rotating carrier 12.

[0040] Reference Figure 3 and Figure 4Specifically, the annular cutting disc 2 is rotatably connected to the frame 1, and the rotating axis of the annular cutting disc 2 is coaxially arranged with the rotating axis of the annular mounting disc 3. The annular cutting disc 2 is detachably fixedly connected to the blocking cover 6 by bolts, and the blocking cover 6 is used to block the material passing port; through the annular cutting disc 2 that is rotatably connected to the frame 1 and detachably connected to the blocking cover 6, when the cutting knife 4 and the cutting channel 21 cooperate to cut Chinese medicinal materials, the actively rotating cutting knife 4 will give a reaction force to the cutting channel 21 through the Chinese medicinal materials, causing the annular cutting disc 2 to rotate passively, and by observing the passive rotation speed of the annular cutting disc 2, the crushing processing status of the input Chinese medicinal materials can be judged.

[0041] Reference Figure 4 Furthermore, a threaded rod 7 is welded and fixed on the sealing cover plate 6, and the threaded rod 7 is arranged along the radial direction of the annular cutting disc 2, and at least one counterweight disc 8 is threadedly connected to the threaded rod 7. In this application, the mass of the counterweight disc 8 can be the same or different; through the threaded rod 7 and the counterweight disc 8, a balance can be achieved between the reaction force brought by the cutting knife 4 passing through the Chinese medicinal materials and the gravity of the counterweight disc 8, and then by adjusting the input amount of Chinese medicinal materials and the weight of the counterweight disc 8, a choice can be made so that when the Chinese medicinal materials as a whole achieve an ideal processing effect, the feed port can be located at the bottom to facilitate the discharge of the Chinese medicinal materials.

[0042] Reference Figure 5 and Figure 6 Specifically, in order to realize the rotation of the annular mounting disk 3, the Chinese medicinal material fine crushing and processing device also includes a rotation drive unit 5, which is connected to the rotating carrier 12, and the rotation drive unit 5 is connected to the annular mounting disk 3; the rotation drive unit 5 includes a connecting frame 51, a transmission rod 52 and a driving motor 53. The connecting frame 51 is welded and fixed to the annular mounting disk 3, and the transmission rod 52 passes through and is slidably connected to the connecting frame 51. In this application, the cross-sectional shape of the transmission rod 52 is a non-rotating body, so that only relative sliding can be achieved between the connecting frame 51 and the transmission rod 52. The driving motor 53 is bolted to the rotating carrier 12, and the output shaft of the driving motor 53 is connected to the transmission rod 52 through a coupling.

[0043] Reference Figure 5 and Figure 6Furthermore, in order to change the distance between the cutting knife 4 and the inner wall of the cutting channel 21 to realize the grinding processing of Chinese medicinal materials, the rotation drive unit 5 also includes an adjusting mechanism 54, which is connected to the rotating carrier 12, and the adjusting mechanism 54 is connected to the connecting frame 51, for making the connecting frame 51 move axially along the output shaft of the drive motor 53; specifically, the adjusting mechanism 54 includes a rotating connecting sleeve 541 and an adjusting cylinder 542, one end of the rotating connecting sleeve 541 is rotatably connected to the connecting frame 51, and the rotating connecting sleeve 541 is coaxially arranged with the transmission rod 52, the adjusting cylinder 542 is bolted to the rotating carrier 12, and the axial direction of the piston rod of the adjusting cylinder 542 is consistent with the axial direction of the output shaft of the drive motor 53, and the piston rod of the adjusting cylinder 542 is connected to the rotating connecting sleeve 541.

[0044] The implementation principle of the fine crushing and grinding processing device of traditional Chinese medicine in the embodiment of the present application is as follows: the traditional Chinese medicine to be processed is placed into the annular cutting disc 2 through the feeding port, and then the driving unit 5 applies force to the annular mounting disc 3. The annular mounting disc 3 rotates while driving the cutting blade 4 to rotate. The cutting blade 4 slides in the cutting channel 21 and completes the cutting and crushing of the traditional Chinese medicine in the cutting channel 21. After the annular mounting disc 3 rotates for a certain period of time, the processed traditional Chinese medicine in the inner cavity of the annular cutting disc 2 is taken out; After the cutting time of the Chinese medicinal materials reaches the preset time, the rotating carrier 12 is driven to rotate, so that the rotating axis of the annular cutting disk 2 is switched from a horizontal state to a vertical state, and then the connecting frame 51 is applied with force by adjusting the cylinder 542 and the rotating connecting sleeve 541. The connecting frame 51 applies force to the cutting knife 4 through the annular mounting plate 3, so that the distance between the cutting knife 4 and the cutting channel 21 changes, and then the grinding process of the Chinese medicinal materials begins.

[0045] The frame 1 can provide an installation base for the annular cutting disc 2 and the rotating drive unit 5. The annular cutting disc 2 can be combined with the annular mounting disc 3 to form a processing cavity for processing Chinese medicinal materials. The cutting channel 21 can be combined with the cutting knife 4 to achieve cutting and crushing of Chinese medicinal materials. After cutting, the Chinese medicinal materials will not be discharged from the processing cavity immediately, but will need to be taken out uniformly after a certain cutting and crushing processing time, which reduces the possibility of Chinese medicinal materials that have not been crushed into place being mixed into the final product, thereby reducing the impact of the cutting effect of Chinese medicinal materials on the processing quality and efficiency of Chinese medicinal materials.

[0046] The above are all preferred embodiments of the present application, and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present application. Therefore, any equivalent changes made based on the structure, shape, and principle of the present application should be included in the scope of protection of the present application.

Claims

1. A device for fine crushing and grinding of Chinese medicinal materials, characterized by: include: Rack (1); An annular cutting disc (2) having a plurality of cutting channels (21), the annular cutting disc (2) being connected to the frame (1), the inner circumference of the annular cutting disc (2) being provided with an opening, and a feed port being formed on the annular cutting disc (2), the inner cavity of the cutting channel (21) being in communication with the outside world via the feed port; an annular mounting disc (3), the annular mounting disc (3) and the annular cutting disc (2) being coaxially arranged, and a rotational gap being left between the annular mounting disc (3) and the inner circumference of the annular cutting disc (2); a plurality of cutting knives (4), wherein the cutting knives (4) are connected to the annular mounting plate (3), and the cutting knives (4) are extended into the cutting channel (21); A rotation drive unit (5), the rotation drive unit (5) is connected to the frame (1), and the rotation drive unit (5) is connected to the annular mounting plate (3), and is used to drive the annular mounting plate (3) to rotate.

2. The Chinese medicinal material fine crushing and grinding processing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The annular cutting disc (2) is rotatably connected to the frame (1), and the rotation axis of the annular cutting disc (2) is coaxially arranged with the rotation axis of the annular mounting disc (3). A blocking cover plate (6) is detachably fixedly connected to the annular cutting disc (2), and the blocking cover plate (6) is used to block the feed port.

3. The Chinese medicinal material fine crushing and grinding processing device according to claim 2, characterized in that: A threaded rod (7) is connected to the blocking cover plate (6), and at least one counterweight plate (8) is threadedly connected to the threaded rod (7).

4. The Chinese medicinal material fine crushing and grinding processing device according to claim 2, characterized in that: A feed hopper (9) is slidably connected to the frame (1), and the feed hopper (9) slides radially along the annular cutting disc (2), and the lower edge of the feed hopper (9) can be inserted into the inner cavity of the annular cutting disc (2) through a feed port.

5. The Chinese medicinal material fine crushing and grinding processing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The plane where the cutting channel (21) is located is arranged perpendicular to the rotation axis of the annular cutting disc (2).

6. The Chinese medicinal material fine crushing and grinding processing device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The frame (1) comprises: Basic fixed body (11); A rotating carrier (12) is rotatably connected to the base fixed body (11), and the rotating axis of the rotating carrier (12) is horizontal and vertically arranged with respect to the rotating axis of the annular cutting disc (2), and the annular cutting disc (2) and the rotating drive unit (5) are both mounted on the rotating carrier (12).

7. The Chinese medicinal material fine crushing and grinding processing device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The rotation drive unit (5) comprises: A connecting frame (51), the connecting frame (51) is connected to the annular mounting plate (3); a transmission rod (52), the transmission rod (52) passing through and being slidably connected to the connecting frame (51); A driving motor (53), wherein the driving motor (53) is connected to the rotating carrier (12), and an output shaft of the driving motor (53) is connected to the transmission rod (52); An adjusting mechanism (54) is connected to the rotating carrier (12) and the adjusting mechanism (54) is connected to the connecting frame (51) and is used to enable the connecting frame (51) to move axially along the output shaft of the driving motor (53).

8. The Chinese medicinal material fine crushing and grinding processing device according to claim 7, characterized in that: A plurality of grinding through holes (41) are formed on the cutting blade (4).

9. The Chinese medicinal material fine crushing and grinding processing device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The regulating mechanism (54) comprises: A rotating connecting sleeve (541), wherein the rotating connecting sleeve (541) is rotatably connected to the connecting frame (51), and the rotating connecting sleeve (541) is coaxially arranged with the transmission rod (52); An adjusting cylinder (542) is connected to the rotating carrier (12), the axial direction of the piston rod of the adjusting cylinder (542) is consistent with the axial direction of the output shaft of the driving motor (53), and the piston rod of the adjusting cylinder (542) is connected to the rotating connecting sleeve (541).

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