Process for preparing composite biostimulant by using organic wastes

Abstract

The invention relates to a process for preparing a composite biostimulant by using organic wastes, which comprises the following steps of: taking marine kitchen wastes (such as shells and shrimp shells), agricultural and forestry wastes (such as straws and rice husks) and animal dung as raw materials; the method comprises the following steps: carrying out desalination, sterilization and enzymolysis on marine wastes to prepare a polypeptide solution, carrying out iron-based catalytic decomposition on agricultural and forestry wastes to generate short-chain cellulose and activated carbon, carrying out high-temperature composting on livestock and poultry manure and activated carbon to prepare a decomposed substrate, and finally compounding and impregnating all the products to form the composite biostimulant. An iron-based catalyst and beneficial bacteria (such as bacillus subtilis) are innovatively introduced, and a nano-material slow release technology is combined, so that efficient conversion and function synergy of organic matters are realized. The obtained product is rich in humic acid, amino acid and active flora, can stimulate plant metabolism and improve soil microenvironment, and has the advantages of improving crop stress resistance, reducing environmental pollution, recycling resources and the like. The method is simple in process, low in cost, wide in raw material source and suitable for large-scale production, and technical support is provided for agricultural green sustainable development.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of environmentally friendly recycling, and in particular to a process for preparing a composite biostimulant by utilizing organic waste. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, my country's grain production has maintained steady growth. According to the "China Agricultural Industry Development Report 2024," total grain output is projected to reach 1.405 trillion jin in 2024, demonstrating a trend of steady growth in agricultural production. This is due to supportive national policies and advances in agricultural science and technology, including research and development, farmland water conservancy projects, and the promotion of agricultural mechanization. Despite positive agricultural development, my country's agricultural production still faces numerous challenges, including resource shortages, environmental pollution constraints, climate change, and frequent extreme weather events. Furthermore, with population growth and evolving consumption patterns, demand for grain and agricultural products is also increasing, placing higher demands on agricultural industry upgrades. Against this backdrop, green and sustainable development in my country's agriculture has become a key priority.

[0003] Biostimulants are primarily derived from nature and are organic or inorganic small molecule active substances extracted through biotechnology. They stimulate plant metabolism, improving nutrient absorption and utilization efficiency, and enhancing crop quality. They are gradually gaining traction among agricultural research and commercialization professionals as a new, environmentally friendly, safe, and efficient green agricultural input. Biostimulants have some of the same effects as chemical fertilizers or pesticides, but without the harsh impacts they have on crops. Instead, they regulate crop growth in a more gentle manner. Biostimulants can effectively enhance crop resistance, reduce agricultural production risks, improve the soil environment, increase crop quality and yield, and reduce soil and environmental pollution caused by the use of pesticides and chemical fertilizers. Their efficacy is relatively independent of their nutritional content. As China promotes sustainable development, green agriculture, and farmer prosperity as the foundation of food security, and with increasing consumer demand for high-quality agricultural products, the development and application of biostimulants can help improve the quality and market competitiveness of agricultural products, significantly contributing to the rapid and high-quality development of Chinese agriculture.

[0004] Currently, the development of biostimulants in my country is lagging behind. Compared with developed countries, my country's biostimulant production processes are relatively poor, raw material utilization efficiency is low, and the stimulating properties for crops cannot meet the needs of agricultural production in my country. In addition, the safety of biostimulants in my country has not been accurately assessed, resulting in restrictions on the application of some products. Research on the combined application of biostimulants in my country is also relatively limited. In actual practice, the synergistic use of biostimulants lacks in-depth theoretical research and experimental data support. Therefore, my country's biostimulant field still has many shortcomings that need to be addressed urgently. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a process for preparing composite biostimulants using organic waste, which can effectively solve the problems raised in the above background technology.

[0006] To solve the above problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a process for preparing a composite biostimulant using organic waste, using agricultural and forestry waste, marine kitchen waste and livestock waste, characterized by comprising the following steps: S1. Pretreatment of seafood kitchen waste: The seafood kitchen waste is soaked and boiled, sterilized and desalted, and then ground into a dry powder after cooling; S2 enzymatic hydrolysis: The dry powder of step S1 was soaked with hot water, cooled and then enzymatically hydrolyzed by adding protease for 48 to 72 hours, the protein solution and the filter residue were filtered, and beneficial bacteria were added to the protein solution for standby; S3. Catalytic Decomposition of Agricultural and Forestry Waste: After sterilizing agricultural and forestry waste, an iron catalyst is added. The waste is then treated with steam and hydrogen peroxide spraying. Filtering, drying, and spraying are repeated until the solid matter is reduced. The iron catalyst is recovered, and the cellulose is decomposed to produce water-soluble short-chain cellulose. The cellulose solution is collected and boiled to remove the hydrogen peroxide. The filter residue is then burned until carbonized and crushed to produce activated carbon. S4 compost fermentation: The filter residue of step S2 is mixed with the activated carbon of step S3 and put into livestock manure, adding agricultural and forestry waste mushroom culture medium and mushroom residue, and performing high-temperature aerobic composting. After 12 to 18 days of continuous composting and drying, a mature cultivation substrate soil is obtained; S5. Composite impregnation: The matrix soil of step S4 is mixed with the protein solution of step S2 and the short-chain cellulose solution of step S3. After mixing, ethyl acetate is added to promote the binding of organic matter. The mixture is allowed to stand for 1 to 2 days for decomposition to obtain a composite biostimulant.

[0007] Compared with the existing technology, the present invention provides a process for preparing composite biostimulants from organic waste, which has the following beneficial effects: First, the existing biostimulant products in my country have relatively simple components, a narrow range of action, poor effects, and low crop utilization rates. The plant growth stimulant described in the present invention has the characteristics of rich components and long-lasting effects. It has complex ingredients to regulate plant growth and development. At the same time, the product contains high levels of small molecules such as small molecule peptides, amino acids, and small molecule polysaccharides, which are suitable for plant absorption and utilization and are all substances necessary for plant growth and development.

[0008] Secondly, existing biostimulants in my country have poor safety profiles. In comparison, the plant growth stimulant described in this invention does not use complex chemicals, additional additives, or pesticides. Instead, it produces substances that enhance crop stress resistance through microbial fermentation and incorporates a large amount of beneficial soil bacteria. Compared to existing products, its safety and environmental performance are significantly improved, contributing to improved food safety and environmental protection during agricultural production, effectively maintaining beneficial bacteria levels in the soil and protecting the soil environment.

[0009] Finally, the biostimulant production process used in this invention can easily and rapidly render harmless large quantities of difficult-to-treat materials such as agricultural and forestry waste, kitchen waste, and livestock manure, transforming waste into valuable resources. The process is simple to operate, easily scalable, and energy-efficient, making it highly efficient and environmentally friendly.

[0010] Therefore, the preparation process of the composite plant biostimulant proposed in the present invention has good practicality. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0011] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the transmission structure of the present invention; DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0012] If there are descriptions involving "first", "second", etc. in the embodiments of the present invention, the descriptions of "first", "second", etc. are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features.

[0013] In addition, if "and / or" or "and / or" appears in the full text, its meaning includes three parallel options. Taking "A and / or B" as an example, it includes option A, or option B, or options in which A and B are satisfied at the same time.

[0014] In addition, the technical solutions between the various embodiments can be combined with each other, but they must be based on the fact that ordinary technicians in this field can implement them. When the combination of technical solutions is mutually contradictory or cannot be implemented, it should be deemed that such a combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection required by the present invention.

[0015] Reference Figure 1 The present invention provides a process for preparing a composite biostimulant using organic waste, which uses agricultural and forestry waste, marine kitchen waste and animal husbandry waste, and is characterized by comprising the following steps: S1. Pretreatment of seafood kitchen waste: The seafood kitchen waste is soaked and boiled, sterilized and desalted, and then ground into a dry powder after cooling; S2 enzymatic hydrolysis: The dry powder of step S1 was soaked with hot water, cooled and then hydrolyzed by adding protease for 48 to 72 hours, filtered to obtain a protein solution and a residue, and beneficial bacteria were added to the protein solution for standby; S3. Catalytic Decomposition of Agricultural and Forestry Waste: After sterilizing agricultural and forestry waste, an iron catalyst is added. The waste is then treated with steam and hydrogen peroxide spraying. Filtering, drying, and spraying are repeated until the solid matter is reduced. The iron catalyst is recovered, and the cellulose is decomposed to produce water-soluble short-chain cellulose. The cellulose solution is collected and boiled to remove the hydrogen peroxide. The filter residue is then burned until carbonized and crushed to produce activated carbon. S4 compost fermentation: The filter residue of step S2 is mixed with the activated carbon of step S3 and put into livestock manure, adding agricultural and forestry waste mushroom culture medium and mushroom residue, and performing high-temperature aerobic composting. After 12 to 18 days of continuous composting and drying, a mature cultivation substrate soil is obtained; S5. Composite impregnation: The matrix soil of step S4 is mixed with the protein solution of step S2 and the short-chain cellulose solution of step S3. After mixing, ethyl acetate is added to promote the binding of organic matter. The mixture is allowed to stand for 1 to 2 days for decomposition to obtain a composite biostimulant.

[0016] As a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the marine kitchen waste in step S1 includes bones, shells, shrimp shells and crab shells, which are boiled 2-3 times, and each boiling time is 30-60 minutes.

[0017] As a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the beneficial bacteria in step S2 include at least one of Bacillus megaterium, Aspergillus oryzae, Bacillus subtilis or vine nitrogen-fixing bacteria, and the added amount is 1%-3% of the mass of the protein solution. As a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the iron catalyst in step S3 includes ferric oxide and ferrosoferric oxide, the spraying times are 3-5 times, the high-temperature steam temperature is 120-150° C., and the hydrogen peroxide concentration is 5%-10%.

[0018] As a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the method for preparing the activated carbon in step S3 is: carbonizing the filter residue at 400-600° C. for 1-2 hours and crushing the filter residue to a particle size of ≤100 μm.

[0019] As a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the temperature of the high-temperature aerobic fermentation composting in step S4 is 55-70° C., the composting times are ≥3 times, and the compost is turned after each composting and dried to a moisture content of ≤30%.

[0020] As a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the amount of ethyl acetate added in step S5 is 0.5%-1.5% of the total mass of the mixed system.

[0021] As a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the composite biostimulant comprises humic acid and amino acids, short-chain polypeptides, small molecule polysaccharides and active beneficial bacteria, and has an organic matter content of ≥40% and a pH value of 6.5-7.5.

[0022] As a specific embodiment of the present invention: A process for preparing a composite biostimulant. The raw materials required for this process are common agricultural and forestry waste, marine kitchen waste, and livestock waste. The preparation method of this process is as follows: (1) Collect common seafood kitchen waste such as bones, shells, shrimp shells, crab shells, etc., soak and boil them thoroughly for sterilization and desalination, boil them several times and then cool them, filter them out, and grind them to obtain dry powder rich in protein and inorganic salts; (2) Soak the obtained dry powder in hot water, add protease after cooling, and perform enzymatic hydrolysis for 48-72 hours to produce short-chain polypeptides and amino acids in the system. Filter the solution, concentrate the protein solution, and add beneficial bacteria such as Bacillus megaterium, Aspergillus oryzae, Bacillus subtilis, and brown nitrogen-fixing bacteria for later use. Remove the filter residue and keep it for later use. (3) Heat sterilize agricultural and forestry waste such as straw, dead grass, rice husks, and sawdust to remove potential pathogens, add iron catalysts with ferric oxide and ferric oxide as the main active ingredients, spray with high-temperature steam and hydrogen peroxide, repeat the filtration-drying-spraying steps several times until the solid matter in the system is greatly reduced, recover the iron catalyst, and initially decompose the cellulose to produce water-soluble short-chain cellulose. Collect the cellulose solution and boil it to remove hydrogen peroxide. Burn the filter residue until it is carbonized and crush it to obtain activated carbon. (4) The filter residue obtained in step (2) is mixed with the activated carbon obtained in step (3), and the mixture is added to livestock and poultry manure, and the mushroom culture medium and mushroom residue made from agricultural and forestry waste are added to perform high-temperature aerobic fermentation and composting. After multiple continuous composting and drying for about 15 days (more than 3 times is optimal), a mature cultivation substrate soil is obtained; (5) The obtained matrix soil is fully mixed with the protein solution obtained in step (2) and the short-chain cellulose obtained in step (3), and a small amount of ethyl acetate is added to make the organic matter and the matrix soil more tightly combined. The solution is fully soaked in the matrix soil and left for 1-2 days so that a large amount of organic matter in the matrix soil can be decomposed into humic acid, amino acids and other substances by beneficial bacteria.

[0023] (6) The obtained composite matrix soil is the composite plant growth stimulant described in this patent. The composite matrix soil has the functions of stimulating plant growth and development, regulating the soil environment of plant roots, and improving the quality of crop fruits.

[0024] In this process, agricultural and forestry waste, kitchen waste, livestock and poultry manure and other materials rich in organic matter and difficult to recycle are used. Through microbial metabolism and compounding technology, a biostimulant with complex properties is prepared. This biostimulant can act on the crops themselves, as well as on the soil of the plant roots and the microbial environment in the soil, playing a role in improving the soil environment, reducing environmental pollution, and improving crop quality.

[0025] This process uses chemical catalysis, physical decomposition and microbial catalysis to combine agricultural and forestry waste with high organic matter content, kitchen waste and livestock and poultry manure waste that is difficult to handle and prone to breeding mosquitoes, flies and bacteria, to fully utilize their internal added value, achieve effective waste treatment, and at the same time convert them into biostimulants with good performance.

[0026] A composite biostimulant was proposed. The biostimulant uses nanocatalysis technology to prepare a biostimulant with nanoparticles as a carrier and a slow-release effect. Nanomaterials and functional materials are used to regulate crop metabolism without causing harm to plants and the environment. It enhances the vitality of crop root cells and effectively reduces nutrient waste and environmental pollution.

[0027] A preparation process of a composite biostimulant is proposed. The raw materials of the biostimulant involved in this process are easily available, the preparation process is relatively simple, and it is suitable for large-scale production and has certain practical application potential.

[0028] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the patent scope of the present invention. All equivalent structural transformations made by using the contents of the present invention description and drawings under the inventive concept of the present invention, or direct / indirect application in other related technical fields are included in the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A process for preparing a composite biostimulant from organic waste, using agricultural and forestry waste, marine kitchen waste and animal husbandry waste, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Pretreatment of seafood kitchen waste: The seafood kitchen waste is soaked and boiled, sterilized and desalted, and then ground into a dry powder after cooling; S2 enzymatic hydrolysis: The dry powder of step S1 was soaked with hot water, cooled and then enzymatically hydrolyzed by adding protease for 48 to 72 hours, the protein solution and the filter residue were filtered, and beneficial bacteria were added to the protein solution for standby; S3. Catalytic Decomposition of Agricultural and Forestry Waste: After sterilizing agricultural and forestry waste, an iron catalyst is added. The waste is then treated with steam and hydrogen peroxide spraying. Filtering, drying, and spraying are repeated until the solid matter is reduced. The iron catalyst is recovered, and the cellulose is decomposed to produce water-soluble short-chain cellulose. The cellulose solution is collected and boiled to remove the hydrogen peroxide. The filter residue is then burned until carbonized and crushed to produce activated carbon. S4 compost fermentation: The filter residue of step S2 is mixed with the activated carbon of step S3 and put into livestock manure, adding agricultural and forestry waste mushroom culture medium and mushroom residue, and performing high-temperature aerobic composting. After 12 to 18 days of continuous composting and drying, a mature cultivation substrate soil is obtained; S5. Composite impregnation: The matrix soil of step S4 is mixed with the protein solution of step S2 and the short-chain cellulose solution of step S3. After mixing, ethyl acetate is added to promote the binding of organic matter. The mixture is allowed to stand for 1 to 2 days for decomposition to obtain a composite biostimulant.

2. The process for preparing a composite biostimulant from organic waste according to claim 1, wherein: The marine food waste in step S1 includes bones, shells, shrimp shells and crab shells.

3. The process for preparing a composite biostimulant from organic waste according to claim 1, wherein: The beneficial bacteria in step S2 include at least one of Bacillus megaterium, Aspergillus oryzae, Bacillus subtilis or Vine nitrogen-fixing bacteria.

4. The process for preparing a composite biostimulant from organic waste according to claim 1, wherein: The iron catalyst in step S3 includes ferrous oxide and ferrosoferric oxide.

5. The process for preparing a composite biostimulant from organic waste according to claim 1, wherein: The composite biostimulant comprises humic acid and amino acids.

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