Phosphorus-dissolving potassium-dissolving water-soluble functional bacterial fertilizer for drip irrigation cotton and preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to a phosphorus-dissolving and potassium-dissolving water-soluble functional bacterial fertilizer for drip irrigation cotton and a preparation method and application thereof. The phosphorus-dissolving and potassium-dissolving water-soluble functional bacterial fertilizer for the drip irrigation cotton is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 5-10 parts of a phosphorus-dissolving microbial agent; 10-30 parts of soluble nitrogen fertilizer; 10-15 parts of a soluble phosphate fertilizer; 10-20 parts of a soluble potash fertilizer; 5-10 parts of soluble potassium humate; 5-10 parts of soluble organic acid; and 1-3 parts of soluble trace element fertilizer. The invention aims to solve the problems of providing nutrients required by cotton, activating organic phosphorus and slow-acting potassium in soil, improving the utilization efficiency of field cotton on available nutrients such as phosphorus and potassium in soil and meeting the requirements of drip irrigation cotton on soil nutrients in different growth periods by selecting specific components and proportions. The effects of cotton nutrient balance, fertilizer efficiency enhancement, growth promotion, yield improvement, quality improvement and the like are achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of fertilizers, and in particular to a water-soluble functional bacterial fertilizer for drip-irrigated cotton capable of dissolving phosphorus and potassium, and a preparation method and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] Phosphorus and potassium are essential elements for plant growth and development. They play crucial roles within plants and are key players in numerous enzyme-catalyzed reactions. They enhance plant photosynthesis, increase the synthesis and transport of substances, and promote cotton yield. Soil phosphorus and potassium deficiencies not only impair normal plant growth but also negatively impact cotton quality. Agricultural soils in Xinjiang are generally phosphorus-poor and potassium-rich. Phosphorus content is low, with most occurring in insoluble forms such as Ca-P, Al-P, Fe-P, and OP. While the parent material contains significant amounts of potassium, only a minimal amount is directly available for plant absorption and utilization, primarily in the form of slowly-released and structural potassium. Furthermore, the increasing adoption of high-yield varieties and cotton yields has led to the continuous depletion of phosphorus and potassium in farmland soils, with no effective replenishment. Activating and utilizing organic phosphorus and slowly-released potassium in farmland soils is crucial for promoting healthy cotton growth, increasing yield, and improving nutrient efficiency.

[0003] In modern agriculture, soil nutrients rely primarily on chemical fertilizer inputs, which have become a crucial factor in improving the yield and quality of agricultural products. However, when soluble phosphorus and soluble inorganic potassium are applied to calcareous soils, a large portion is rapidly fixed and unavailable for plant use. Furthermore, microorganisms play a vital role in soil nutrient cycling, being key players in the circulation and transformation of phosphorus and potassium in the soil. Numerous bacteria exist in nature that can activate insoluble phosphorus and potassium. These bacteria effectively release soluble phosphorus and potassium from their fixed states through dissolution and mineralization, thereby increasing soil-available phosphorus and potassium content and reducing the need for chemical fertilizers. Furthermore, when plants are under nutrient stress, they actively secrete and release organic acids, such as citric acid and malic acid. These organic acids contain numerous hydroxyl, carboxyl, and amino groups, which promote the release of soil phosphorus and potassium through acidification, coordination exchange, and reduction, thereby improving nutrient availability. Therefore, the study uses phosphate-solubilizing bacteria and similar organic acids released by plant roots as fertilizers and applies them to farmland soil through drip irrigation to increase the content of available phosphorus and potassium in the soil, reduce the amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers applied, and improve plant absorption of phosphorus and potassium, which is of great significance for promoting cotton growth and increasing yield. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, the main purpose of the present invention is to provide a water-soluble functional bacterial fertilizer for drip-irrigated cotton that dissolves phosphorus and potassium, and a preparation method and application thereof. The problem to be solved is to provide the nutrients required by cotton, activate soil organic phosphorus and slow-release potassium, and improve the utilization efficiency of field cotton for effective nutrients such as soil phosphorus and potassium by selecting specific components and proportions, so as to meet the soil nutrient needs of drip-irrigated cotton in different growth stages, and achieve the effects of cotton nutrient balance, enhanced fertilizer efficiency, promoted growth, increased yield and improved quality.

[0005] The objectives of the present invention and the technical problems solved therein are achieved by adopting the following technical solutions: A water-soluble functional bacterial fertilizer for drip irrigation cotton that dissolves phosphorus and potassium is provided, which comprises the following components by weight: 5-10 parts of a phosphorus-dissolving microbial agent; 10-30 parts of a soluble nitrogen fertilizer; 10-15 parts of a soluble phosphorus fertilizer; 5-10 parts of a soluble potassium fertilizer; 5-10 parts of a soluble potassium humate; 5-10 parts of a soluble organic acid; and 1-3 parts of a soluble trace element fertilizer.

[0006] The purpose of the present invention and the solution to its technical problems can be further achieved by adopting the following technical measures.

[0007] Preferably, the aforementioned drip-irrigated cotton phosphate-dissolving and potassium-dissolving water-soluble functional fertilizer, wherein the phosphate-dissolving microbial agent includes Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SF16, the Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SF16 is derived from the cotton fields in Xinjiang, and the Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SF16 has been deposited in the General Microbiology Center of the China Culture Collection Administration on December 3, 2020, with the deposit number CGMCC NO.21290, and the strain is classified and named Bacillus amyloliquefaciens.

[0008] Preferably, the aforementioned water-soluble functional fertilizer for drip irrigation cotton that dissolves phosphorus and potassium, wherein the phosphate-dissolving microbial agent is a phosphate-dissolving microbial bacterial solution including Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SF16, and the total concentration of live bacteria is 1×10 9 ~1×10 10 CFU / mL.

[0009] Preferably, in the aforementioned water-soluble functional bacterial fertilizer for drip irrigation of cotton that dissolves phosphorus and potassium, the soluble nitrogen fertilizer is selected from at least one of urea and ammonium sulfate.

[0010] Preferably, in the aforementioned water-soluble functional bacterial fertilizer for drip irrigation of cotton that dissolves phosphorus and potassium, the soluble phosphorus fertilizer is selected from at least one of monoammonium phosphate, urea phosphate and ammonium polyphosphate.

[0011] Preferably, the aforementioned water-soluble functional bacterial fertilizer for drip irrigation of cotton that dissolves phosphorus and potassium, wherein the soluble potassium fertilizer is selected from at least one of potassium sulfate, potassium chloride and potassium humate.

[0012] Preferably, in the aforementioned water-soluble functional bacterial fertilizer for drip irrigation of cotton that dissolves phosphorus and potassium, the soluble organic acid is selected from at least one of citric acid and malic acid.

[0013] Preferably, in the aforementioned water-soluble functional bacterial fertilizer for drip irrigation of cotton that dissolves phosphorus and potassium, the soluble trace element fertilizer is a water-soluble amino acid organic complex fertilizer product, and the trace element content of the water-soluble amino acid organic complex fertilizer product is ≥20wt%.

[0014] The purpose of the present invention and the technical problem solved are achieved by adopting the following technical solutions. The present invention proposes a method for preparing a water-soluble functional bacterial fertilizer for drip irrigation of cotton that dissolves phosphorus and potassium, comprising the following steps:

[0015] Step 1, screening of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria: selecting cotton plants to isolate phosphate-solubilizing bacteria;

[0016] Step 2: Isolation of a phosphate-solubilizing strain: To isolate, cotton hypocotyls were sterilized with alcohol, peeled, and the peeled stems were cut into small segments with sterilized pruning shears. The segments were cultured on potato agar to obtain a fungal and bacterial culture mixture, and Bacillus was isolated. The Bacillus was streaked onto a Bacillus sporulation medium with a sterilized needle and cultured overnight. A single colony was picked and cultured on a new sporulation medium plate to obtain purified Bacillus SF16.

[0017] Step 3, culturing the phosphate-solubilizing strain: inoculating the purified Bacillus SF16 at an inoculum size of 2-5% by volume into 500-1000 mL of liquid Bacillus spore-forming culture medium, culturing at 26-30° C. for 24-30 hours until the SF16 bacterial solution concentration reaches an OD600 value of 0.6-1.0 to obtain a Bacillus bacterial solution, and then adding 5wt% glycerol solution and 2wt% sodium alginate solution to the Bacillus bacterial solution to obtain a phosphate-solubilizing agent;

[0018] Step 4: dissolve 10-30 parts of soluble nitrogen fertilizer, 10-15 parts of soluble phosphorus fertilizer, 5-10 parts of soluble potassium fertilizer, 5-10 parts of soluble potassium humate, 5-10 parts of soluble organic acid, and 1-3 parts of soluble trace element fertilizer in 50-60 parts of water in sequence to obtain a water-soluble fertilizer;

[0019] Step 5: Add the phosphate-dissolving bacteria agent obtained in step 3 to the water-soluble fertilizer obtained in step 4, mix them thoroughly, and stir them evenly to obtain the water-soluble functional bacterial fertilizer for drip irrigation cotton that dissolves phosphate and potassium.

[0020] The purpose of the present invention and the solution to its technical problems can be further achieved by adopting the following technical measures.

[0021] Preferably, the preparation method of the aforementioned water-soluble functional bacterial fertilizer for drip irrigation cotton that dissolves phosphate and potassium, wherein in step 2, the formula of the potato agar culture medium is: 200g potatoes, 20g glucose, 3g KH2PO4, 1.5g MgSO4·7H2O, 15g agar powder per 1L of distilled water, pH 7.0-7.2, and the rest is distilled water; its preparation method is: peel and slice the potatoes, boil for 10 minutes, filter with gauze, and add glucose, KH2PO4, MgSO4·7H2O and agar powder in sequence.

[0022] Preferably, in the preparation method of the aforementioned water-soluble functional bacterial fertilizer for drip irrigation cotton that dissolves phosphate and potassium, in step 2, the formula of the Bacillus spore production culture medium is: 20g glucose, 15g peptone, 5g NaCl, 0.5g beef extract, 15g agar powder per 1L of distilled water, pH 7.0-7.2, and the rest is distilled water.

[0023] Preferably, the preparation method of the aforementioned water-soluble functional fertilizer for drip irrigation cotton that dissolves phosphorus and potassium, wherein the urea is urea with a mass percentage of N of 46%; the ammonium sulfate is ammonium sulfate with a mass percentage of N of 21%; the monoammonium phosphate is a monoammonium phosphate with a mass percentage of P2O5 of 60% and a mass percentage of N of 12%, preferably a monoammonium phosphate with an insoluble matter content of less than 0.5%; the urea phosphate is a urea with a mass percentage of P2O5 of 44% and a mass percentage of N of 17%; the ammonium polyphosphate is an ammonium polyphosphate with a mass percentage of P2O5>68%, a mass percentage of N of 13%, and a degree of polymerization of 3 to 4; the potassium sulfate is potassium sulfate with a mass percentage of K2O of 50%; the chloride The potassium is potassium sulfate having a K2O content of 60% by mass; the potassium humate is potassium humate having a K2O content of greater than 8% by mass and a humic acid content of greater than 55% by mass; the soluble organic acid is citric acid or malic acid having a citric acid or malic acid content of greater than 99% by mass; the zinc sulfate is zinc sulfate having a total amino acid content of greater than 25% by mass and a zinc content of greater than 8% by mass; the ferrous sulfate is ferrous sulfate having a FeSO4·7H2O content of 99.5% by mass; the ammonium molybdate is ammonium heptamolybdate having a molybdenum content of greater than 55% by mass; and the manganese sulfate is anhydrous manganese sulfate, manganese sulfate monohydrate, or manganese sulfate tetrahydrate having a purity of greater than 98% and a water-insoluble content of less than 0.5% by weight.

[0024] The purpose of the present invention and the technical problem solved are achieved by adopting the following technical solutions. The present invention proposes a method for applying a water-soluble functional bacterial fertilizer for dissolving phosphorus and potassium in drip irrigation of cotton, comprising the following steps:

[0025] (1) After drip irrigation with clean water for 40 to 60 minutes, add the special fertilizer for seedling emergence water until the special fertilizer for seedling emergence water is dripped and the wetting front exceeds 13 cm of the cotton sowing row;

[0026] (2) Drip irrigation with clean water for 40 to 60 minutes, then add fertilizer for the bud stage until all the fertilizer has been drip-irrigated, and continue drip irrigation with clean water for 60 minutes;

[0027] (3) Drip irrigation with clean water for 40 to 60 minutes, then add fertilizer for flowering period until all the fertilizer has been dripped, and continue drip irrigation with clean water for 60 minutes;

[0028] (4) Drip irrigation with clean water for 40 to 60 minutes, then add fertilizer specially designed for the boll stage. After all the fertilizer has been drip-irrigated, continue drip irrigation with clean water for 60 minutes.

[0029] (5) Mechanical harvesting.

[0030] By means of the above technical solution, the present invention provides a water-soluble functional bacterial fertilizer for drip irrigation of cotton that dissolves phosphorus and potassium, and its preparation method and application, which have at least the following advantages:

[0031] 1) The present invention provides a water-soluble functional bacterial fertilizer for drip irrigation of cotton that dissolves phosphorus and potassium. Its core bacterial species is Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SF16, which can not only dissolve inorganic phosphorus in the soil, but also enrich the abundance of rhizosphere soil microbial flora when applied to the plant roots with water drips, and has the ability to improve soil fertility and stimulate plant growth.

[0032] 2) The water-soluble functional bacterial fertilizer for drip-irrigated cotton provided by the present invention dissolves phosphorus and potassium. Organic acids such as citric acid and malic acid are added to the fertilizer components to activate the insoluble potassium in the soil. This not only reduces the amount of conventional macronutrients, but also reduces the environmental risks caused by fertilizer loss. The inorganic-inorganic nutrients, macronutrients, and trace elements in the fertilizer are balanced in the formula, which can meet the nutrient needs of drip-irrigated cotton in Xinjiang.

[0033] 3) The present invention provides a water-soluble functional fertilizer for drip irrigation of cotton that dissolves phosphorus and potassium. The potassium humate in the fertilizer can provide a carrier for microbial strains and increase soil organic matter, thereby dissolving phosphorus and potassium in the soil, regulating the structure of microbial flora, stimulating plant root growth, and promoting the growth and yield formation of above-ground plants.

[0034] 4) The preparation method and application of the water-soluble functional bacterial fertilizer for drip irrigation of cotton for dissolving phosphorus and potassium of the present invention can realize the integration of water and fertilizer throughout the entire process, thereby achieving the goals of saving labor, fertilizer, water, high yield and stable production. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0035] Figure 1This is one of the effect diagrams of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SF16 in Example 1 of the present invention.

[0036] The above description is only an overview of the technical solution of the present invention. In order to more clearly understand the technical means of the present invention and implement it according to the contents of the specification, the following is a detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] To further illustrate the technical means and efficacy of the present invention to achieve its intended purpose, the following, in conjunction with preferred embodiments, describes in detail a water-soluble functional bacterial fertilizer for drip irrigation cotton that dissolves phosphorus and potassium, its preparation method, and its specific implementation, structure, features, and efficacy. In the following description, different references to "one embodiment" or "embodiment" do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. Furthermore, specific features, structures, or characteristics of one or more embodiments may be combined in any suitable manner.

[0038] The following materials or reagents, unless otherwise specified, were commercially available.

[0039] Some embodiments of the present invention provide a water-soluble functional bacterial fertilizer for drip irrigation of cotton that dissolves phosphate and potassium, which is composed of the following components in parts by weight: 5 to 10 parts of phosphate-dissolving microbial agent; 10 to 30 parts of soluble nitrogen fertilizer; 10 to 15 parts of soluble phosphate fertilizer; 5 to 10 parts of soluble potassium fertilizer; 5 to 10 parts of soluble potassium humate; 5 to 10 parts of soluble organic acid; and 1 to 3 parts of soluble trace element fertilizer. When the phosphate-dissolving microbial agent is less than 5 parts, the number of bacteria is insufficient to effectively activate the insoluble phosphorus in the soil; when the phosphate-dissolving microbial agent is greater than 10 parts, the agent may compete with other beneficial microorganisms for ecological niches; when the soluble nitrogen fertilizer is less than 10 parts, it is not enough to maintain the nitrogen demand of cotton and affect nutritional growth; when the soluble nitrogen fertilizer is greater than 30 parts, the nutritional growth of cotton is vigorous; when the soluble phosphorus fertilizer is less than 10 parts, it cannot meet the phosphorus demand of cotton during flowering, resulting in falling flowers and bolls and restricted root development; and when the soluble phosphorus fertilizer is greater than 15 parts, it can cause excessive phosphorus; when the soluble potassium fertilizer is less than 5 parts, it is not enough Maintain the development needs of cotton fiber; when the soluble potassium fertilizer is higher than 10 parts, the potassium ion concentration in the fertilizer is too high and it is easy to inhibit the activity of microorganisms; when the soluble humic acid is less than 5 parts, it can provide organic carbon and carriers for microorganisms. When the soluble humic acid is greater than 10 parts, it may inhibit the solubility of trace elements; when the organic acid is less than 5 parts, it is difficult to effectively activate the phosphorus and potassium fixed in the soil; when the organic acid is greater than 10 parts, the microbial colony is prone to imbalance; when the soluble trace elements are less than 1 part, it is easy to cause nutrient deficiency, and when the soluble trace elements are greater than 3 parts, it is easy to cause poisoning.

[0040] In some optional embodiments, the phosphate-dissolving microbial agent may include Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SF16, which is derived from the cotton fields in Xinjiang. The Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SF16 has been deposited in the General Microbiology Center of the China Culture Collection Administration on December 3, 2020, with a deposit number of CGMCC NO.21290. The strain is classified and named Bacillus amyloliquefaciens.

[0041] In some optional embodiments, the phosphate-dissolving microbial agent can be a phosphate-dissolving microbial bacterial solution comprising Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SF16, with a total viable bacterial concentration of 1×10 9 ~1×10 10 CFU / mL.

[0042] In some optional embodiments, the soluble nitrogen fertilizer can be selected from at least one of urea and ammonium sulfate; urea and ammonium sulfate are highly water-soluble and have high nitrogen content, and ammonium sulfate is a physiologically acidic fertilizer, which is suitable for the high salinity and alkali environment of Xinjiang soil.

[0043] In some optional embodiments, the soluble phosphate fertilizer may be selected from at least one of monoammonium phosphate, urea phosphate and ammonium polyphosphate; these three fertilizers are highly water-soluble, urea phosphate is strongly acidic, and ammonium polyphosphate has a slow-release phosphorus function to reduce soil fixation of phosphorus.

[0044] In some optional embodiments, the soluble potash fertilizer may be selected from at least one of potassium sulfate, potassium chloride and potassium humate; wherein potassium sulfate and potassium chloride have high solubility and are suitable for drip irrigation, and potassium humate can provide a carrier for microorganisms.

[0045] In some optional embodiments, the soluble organic acid can be selected from at least one of citric acid and malic acid; these acids have high solubility, long half-life and strong biocompatibility, promote bacterial growth, accelerate the release of insoluble Fe / Al-P in the soil and the conversion of slow-release potassium.

[0046] In some optional embodiments, the soluble trace element fertilizer can be a water-soluble amino acid organic complex trace element fertilizer product, which is mainly produced by complex reaction of zinc sulfate, ferrous sulfate, manganese sulfate and ammonium molybdate; the trace element content of the water-soluble amino acid organic complex trace element fertilizer product is ≥20wt% (including: Zn ≥5.0wt%, Fe ≥4.5wt%, Mn ≥3.0wt%, Mo ≥0.3wt%, and the rest are complexing agents and stabilizers). The step-by-step method comprises the following steps: dissolving the amino acid at 50-60°C, adjusting the pH value to 8.0-9.0, promoting the dissociation of the carboxyl group and the amino group to enhance the complexing ability, and obtaining a 12wt% amino acid solution; sequentially adding a 15wt% ZnSO4 solution and a 12wt% MnSO4 solution to the 12wt% amino acid solution, stirring at 200-300rpm, at a reaction temperature of 60°C, and for 30min; adding an 8wt% FeSO4 solution, and the reaction conditions are 40°C, a pH value of 3.5-4.5, and preventing FeSO4 from precipitating. 2+ Oxidation for 45 minutes; 6wt% ammonium molybdate solution reacts with 12wt% glycine, glutamic acid or alginic acid at a pH of 5.0-6.0 and is stirred at 60°C for 1 hour; the complexes (products of the complexation of ZnSO4, MnSO4, FeSO4, ammonium molybdate with glycine, glutamic acid or alginic acid, respectively) are mixed, and 0.1wt% EDTA-Na2 is added as a stabilizer to obtain a water-soluble organic complex micro-fertilizer product.

[0047] Some embodiments of the present invention further provide a method for preparing a water-soluble functional bacterial fertilizer for drip irrigation of cotton for dissolving phosphorus and potassium, comprising the following steps:

[0048] Step 1: Screening of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria: Select cotton plants with strong growth, strong resistance and good development in a cotton field to isolate phosphate-solubilizing bacteria;

[0049] Step 2, isolation of phosphate-solubilizing strains: For isolation, cotton hypocotyls (cut from 0.5 cm above the rhizome to 0.5 cm below the cotyledonary node, about 10 cm in length) were taken, surface-sterilized with 75% (v / v) alcohol, peeled, and the peeled stems were cut into approximately 0.5 cm segments using sterilized pruning shears. The segments were then cultured on potato agar medium (PDA, whose formula is as follows: 200 g potatoes, 20 g glucose, 3 g KH2PO4, 1.5 g MgSO4·7H2O, 15 g agar powder, 1 L distilled water) for 7 days. A culture mixture of fungi and bacteria is obtained, and Bacillus spores are isolated by streaking. The Bacillus spores are streaked onto solid Bacillus spore-forming medium (formula: 20 g glucose, 15.0 g peptone, 5.0 g sodium chloride, 0.5 g beef extract, 15.0 g agar, pH 7.0) using a sterile pick needle, cultured overnight, and single colonies are picked and cultured on new solid Bacillus spore-forming medium (formula: 20 g glucose, 15.0 g peptone, 5.0 g sodium chloride, 0.5 g beef extract, 15.0 g agar, pH 7.0) plates to obtain purified Bacillus SF16.

[0050] Step 3, culturing the phosphate-solubilizing strain: inoculating the purified SF16 at an inoculum size of 2-5% (v / v) into 500-1000 mL of liquid Bacillus spore-forming medium (its formula is: 20 g glucose, 15.0 g peptone, 5.0 g sodium chloride, 0.5 g beef extract, pH 7.0), culturing at 220 rpm, 26-30 ° C for 24-30 h until the SF16 bacterial solution concentration is 0.6-1.0, obtaining a Bacillus bacterial solution, and then adding 5 wt% glycerol solution and 2 wt% sodium alginate solution (as a protective agent) to the Bacillus bacterial solution to obtain the phosphate-solubilizing agent, the total viable bacterial concentration of which is 1×10 9 ~1×10 10 CFU / mL;

[0051] Step 4: further dissolving 10-30 parts of soluble nitrogen fertilizer, 10-15 parts of soluble phosphate fertilizer, 5-10 parts of soluble potassium fertilizer, 5-10 parts of soluble potassium humate, 5-10 parts of soluble organic acid, and 1-3 parts of soluble trace element fertilizer in 50-60 parts of water in sequence to obtain a water-soluble fertilizer;

[0052] Step five, further adding the phosphate-dissolving bacteria agent obtained in step three to the water-soluble fertilizer obtained in step four, fully mixing and stirring, and thus obtaining the drip-irrigated cotton phosphate-dissolving and potassium-dissolving water-soluble fertilizer.

[0053] In some optional embodiments, in step 2, the formula of the PDA culture medium is: 200 g potatoes, 20 g glucose, 3 g KH2PO4, 1.5 g MgSO4·7H2O, 15 g agar powder per 1 L of distilled water, pH 7.0-7.2, and the rest is distilled water; the preparation method is: peel and slice the potatoes, boil for 10 minutes, filter with gauze, and add glucose, KH2PO4, MgSO4·7H2O and agar powder in sequence.

[0054] In some optional embodiments, in step 2, the formula of the Bacillus spore production medium is: 20 g glucose, 15 g peptone, 5 g NaCl, 0.5 g beef extract, 15 g agar powder per 1 L of distilled water, pH 7.0-7.2, and the rest is distilled water.

[0055] In some optional embodiments, the urea is urea with a mass percentage of N of 46%; the ammonium sulfate is ammonium sulfate with a mass percentage of N of 21%; the monoammonium phosphate is a monoammonium phosphate with a mass percentage of P2O5 of 60% and a mass percentage of N of 12%, preferably a monoammonium phosphate with an insoluble matter content of less than 0.5%; the urea phosphate is a urea phosphate with a mass percentage of P2O5 of 44% and a mass percentage of N of 17%; the ammonium polyphosphate is an ammonium polyphosphate with a mass percentage of P2O5 greater than 68%, a mass percentage of N of 13%, and a degree of polymerization of 3 to 4; the potassium sulfate is potassium sulfate with a mass percentage of K2O of 50%; the potassium chloride is a mass percentage of K2O of 17%; The potassium sulfate has a mass percentage of 60%; the potassium humate has a K2O mass percentage of greater than 8% and a humic acid mass percentage of greater than 55%; the soluble organic acid is citric acid or malic acid with a mass percentage of greater than 99%; the zinc sulfate has a total amino acid mass percentage of greater than 25% and a zinc mass percentage of greater than 8%; the ferrous sulfate has a FeSO4·7H2O mass percentage of 99.5%; the ammonium molybdate has a molybdenum mass percentage of greater than 55%; and the manganese sulfate is anhydrous manganese sulfate, manganese sulfate monohydrate, or manganese sulfate tetrahydrate with a purity of greater than 98% and a water-insoluble matter content of less than 0.5%.

[0056] Some embodiments of the present invention further provide a method for applying a water-soluble functional bacterial fertilizer for dissolving phosphorus and potassium to cotton by drip irrigation, comprising the following steps:

[0057] (1) After drip irrigation with clean water for 40 to 60 minutes, add the special fertilizer for seedling emergence water until the special fertilizer for seedling emergence water is dripped and the wetting front exceeds 13 cm of the cotton sowing row;

[0058] (2) Drip irrigation with clean water for 40 to 60 minutes, then add fertilizer for the bud stage until all the fertilizer has been drip-irrigated, and continue drip irrigation with clean water for 60 minutes;

[0059] (3) Drip irrigation with clean water for 40 to 60 minutes, then add fertilizer for flowering period until all the fertilizer has been dripped, and continue drip irrigation with clean water for 60 minutes;

[0060] (4) Drip irrigation with clean water for 40 to 60 minutes, then add fertilizer specially designed for the boll stage. After all the fertilizer has been drip-irrigated, continue drip irrigation with clean water for 60 minutes.

[0061] (5) Mechanical harvesting.

[0062] The specific implementation methods of the present invention are further described in detail below in conjunction with the examples, but they should not be understood as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention. Some non-essential improvements and adjustments made to the present invention by technicians in this field based on the above-mentioned contents of the present invention still fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0063] Unless otherwise specified, the materials and reagents mentioned below are commercially available products familiar to those skilled in the art. Unless otherwise specified, the methods described are all well-known methods in the art. Unless otherwise defined, technical or scientific terms used shall have the same meanings as those commonly understood by those skilled in the art.

[0064] Example 1

[0065] This embodiment provides a method for preparing a water-soluble functional bacterial fertilizer for drip irrigation of cotton that dissolves phosphorus and potassium (a special fertilizer for seedling water), which comprises, in parts by weight:

[0066] 10 parts soluble phosphate fertilizer; 10 parts soluble potassium humate; 5 parts soluble organic acid; 5 parts phosphate-dissolving liquid bacterial agent. The soluble phosphate fertilizer is urea phosphate with a P2O5 content of 44% by mass and a N content of 17% by mass; the soluble potassium humate is potassium humate with a humic acid content of 55%; the soluble organic acid is citric acid with a 99% by mass content. The phosphate-dissolving bacterial agent is a phosphate-dissolving microbial culture liquid containing Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SF16, with a total viable bacterial concentration of 8.5×10 9 CFU / mL, which was screened, identified and expanded from Xinjiang cotton plant tissues.

[0067] The method for preparing the above-mentioned water-soluble functional bacterial fertilizer for drip irrigation of cotton that dissolves phosphorus and potassium comprises the following steps:

[0068] Screening of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria. A strain of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SF16 was screened and isolated from cotton plants in Xinjiang. It was deposited in the General Microbiology Center of the China Culture Collection Administration on December 15, 2020, with the deposit number CGMCCNO.21290. The strain was classified and named Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. This strain has the effect of dissolving organic phosphorus in soil. After 5 days of cultivation, the colony diameter d was 3 mm, the phosphate-solubilizing zone diameter D was 7.0 mm, D / d = 2.33, and the phosphate-solubilizing capacity was 302.19 μg / mL ( Figure 1 ).

[0069]

[0070] The present invention also provides a method for preparing a functional water-soluble fertilizer for drip irrigation cotton that dissolves phosphorus and potassium. The method for preparing the phosphorus-dissolving bacterial agent used comprises the following steps:

[0071] Step 1, screening of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria: In a cotton field with good growth, select strong, well-developed and disease-free cotton plants to isolate phosphate-solubilizing bacteria;

[0072] Step 2, Isolation of a Phosphate-Solubilizing Bacterial Strain: Cotton hypocotyls (approximately 10 cm) were surface-disinfected with 75% (v / v) alcohol, peeled, and the peeled stems cut into 0.5 cm segments using sterilized pruning shears. The culms were then cultured on potato agar (PDA) at 30°C for 7 days. A culture mixture of fungi and bacteria was obtained, and Bacillus spores were isolated by streaking. The Bacillus spores were streaked onto solid Bacillus spore-forming medium using a sterile pick and cultured overnight. A single colony was then picked and cultured on a new solid Bacillus spore-forming medium plate to obtain purified Bacillus SF16.

[0073] Step 3, culture of phosphate-solubilizing strain: inoculate the purified SF16 at a 5% (v / v) inoculum into 1000 mL of liquid Bacillus sporulation medium, culture at 220 rpm / min, 30 ° C for 30 h until the SF16 bacterial solution concentration reaches OD680 value of 0.92, at which point the bacterial solution concentration is 8.5 × 10 9 CFU / mL, a Bacillus bacterial solution was obtained, and then 5wt% glycerol solution and 2wt% sodium alginate solution (as a protective agent) were added to the Bacillus bacterial solution to obtain a phosphate-solubilizing agent.

[0074] Step 4: further dissolve 10 parts of soluble phosphate fertilizer, 10 parts of soluble potassium humate, 5 parts of soluble organic acid, and 5 parts of phosphate-dissolving liquid bacterial agent in 50 parts of water in sequence to obtain water-soluble fertilizer.

[0075] Step 5: further add 5 parts of the phosphate-dissolving bacteria agent obtained in step 3 to the water-soluble fertilizer obtained in step 4, mix them thoroughly and stir them evenly to obtain the drip-irrigated cotton phosphate-dissolving and potassium-dissolving water-soluble functional bacterial fertilizer.

[0076] Example 2

[0077] This embodiment provides a method for preparing a water-soluble functional bacterial fertilizer for drip irrigation of cotton that dissolves phosphorus and potassium (a special fertilizer for the bud stage), which comprises, in parts by weight:

[0078] 30 parts of soluble nitrogen fertilizer, 10 parts of soluble phosphorus fertilizer, 5 parts of soluble potassium fertilizer, 5 parts of soluble potassium humate, 5 parts of soluble organic acid, 3 parts of soluble trace element fertilizer, and 10 parts of liquid phosphate-dissolving bacterial agent. The soluble nitrogen fertilizer is urea with a mass percentage of 42% N, the soluble phosphorus fertilizer is monoammonium phosphate with a mass percentage of 60% P2O5 and a mass percentage of 12% N; the soluble potassium fertilizer is potassium sulfate with a K2O content of 52%; the soluble organic acid is citric acid with a mass percentage of greater than 99%; the soluble trace element fertilizer is a complex trace element fertilizer with a mass percentage of 20%. The phosphate-dissolving bacterial agent is a phosphate-dissolving microbial culture liquid containing Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SF16, with a total viable bacteria concentration of 8.5×10 9 CFU / mL, which is obtained by screening, identifying and expanding from Xinjiang cotton plant tissues, and steps 1-3 are the same as Example 1.

[0079] Step 4: 30 parts of soluble nitrogen fertilizer, 10 parts of soluble phosphorus fertilizer, 10 parts of soluble potassium fertilizer, 5 parts of soluble potassium humate, 5 parts of soluble organic acid, and 2 parts of soluble trace element fertilizer are dissolved in 50 parts of water in sequence to obtain water-soluble fertilizer.

[0080] Step 5: further add 10 parts of the phosphate-dissolving bacteria agent obtained in step 3 to the water-soluble fertilizer obtained in step 4, mix them thoroughly, and stir them evenly to obtain the drip-irrigated cotton phosphate-dissolving and potassium-dissolving water-soluble functional bacterial fertilizer.

[0081] Example 3

[0082] This embodiment provides a method for preparing a water-soluble functional bacterial fertilizer for drip irrigation of cotton that dissolves phosphorus and potassium (a special fertilizer for flowering period), which comprises, in parts by weight:

[0083] 20 parts of soluble nitrogen fertilizer, 15 parts of soluble phosphorus fertilizer, 10 parts of soluble potassium fertilizer, 5 parts of soluble organic acid, 2 parts of soluble trace element fertilizer, and 10 parts of liquid phosphate-dissolving bacterial agent. The soluble nitrogen fertilizer is urea with a mass percentage of 42% N, the soluble phosphorus fertilizer is monoammonium phosphate with a mass percentage of 60% P2O5 and a mass percentage of 12% N; the soluble potassium fertilizer is potassium sulfate with a K2O content of 52%; the soluble organic acid is citric acid with a mass percentage of greater than 99%; the soluble trace element fertilizer is a complex trace element fertilizer with a mass percentage of 20%. The phosphate-dissolving bacterial agent is a phosphate-dissolving microbial culture liquid containing Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SF16, with a total viable bacteria concentration of 8.5×10 9 CFU / mL, which is obtained by screening, identifying and expanding from Xinjiang cotton plant tissues, and steps 1-3 are the same as Example 1.

[0084] Step 4: Dissolve 20 parts of soluble nitrogen fertilizer, 15 parts of soluble phosphorus fertilizer, 10 parts of soluble potassium fertilizer, 5 parts of soluble organic acid, and 2 parts of soluble trace element fertilizer in 50 parts of water in sequence to obtain water-soluble fertilizer.

[0085] Step 5: further add 10 parts of the phosphate-dissolving bacteria agent obtained in step 3 to the water-soluble fertilizer obtained in step 4, mix them thoroughly, and stir them evenly to obtain the drip-irrigated cotton phosphate-dissolving and potassium-dissolving water-soluble functional bacterial fertilizer.

[0086] Example 4

[0087] This embodiment provides a method for preparing a water-soluble functional bacterial fertilizer for drip irrigation of cotton that dissolves phosphorus and potassium (a special fertilizer for the boll stage), which comprises, in parts by weight:

[0088] 10 parts of soluble nitrogen fertilizer, 10 parts of soluble phosphorus fertilizer, 10 parts of soluble potassium fertilizer, 5 parts of soluble organic acid, 1 part of soluble trace element fertilizer, and 5 parts of liquid phosphate-dissolving bacterial agent. The soluble nitrogen fertilizer is urea with a mass percentage of 42% N, the soluble phosphorus fertilizer is monoammonium phosphate with a mass percentage of 60% P2O5 and a mass percentage of 12% N; the soluble potassium fertilizer is potassium sulfate with a K2O content of 52%; the soluble organic acid is citric acid with a mass percentage of greater than 99%; the soluble trace element fertilizer is a complex trace element fertilizer with a mass percentage of 20%. The phosphate-dissolving bacterial agent is a phosphate-dissolving microbial culture liquid containing Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SF16, with a total viable bacteria concentration of 8.5×10 9 CFU / mL, which is obtained by screening, identifying and expanding from Xinjiang cotton plant tissues, and steps 1-3 are the same as Example 1.

[0089] Step 4: Dissolve 10 parts of soluble nitrogen fertilizer, 10 parts of soluble phosphorus fertilizer, 10 parts of soluble potassium fertilizer, 5 parts of soluble organic acid, and 1 part of soluble trace element fertilizer in 50 parts of water in sequence to obtain water-soluble fertilizer.

[0090] Step 5: further add 5 parts of the phosphate-dissolving bacteria agent obtained in step 3 to the water-soluble fertilizer obtained in step 4, mix them thoroughly and stir them evenly to obtain the drip-irrigated cotton phosphate-dissolving and potassium-dissolving water-soluble functional bacterial fertilizer.

[0091] Application Example 1

[0092] The water-soluble functional fertilizer for phosphate and potassium dissolving of drip irrigation cotton of Examples 1-4 of the present invention was produced in 2023 at the agricultural test site of the Agricultural Science Academy of Shihezi City, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. The previous crop was cotton, and the land was prepared before winter. The region has a typical temperate continental climate, with an average annual temperature of 6.5-7.2 ° C, an average annual rainfall of 115 mm, and uneven distribution, an evaporation of 1942 mm, an evaporation-drop ratio of 16.9>10, and an irrigated gray desert soil with a soil texture of loam. It is suitable for the implementation of the method of the present invention. It should be noted that the following application amount of cotton per mu and the cotton yield per mu are shown.

[0093] The comparative experiment was designed as a control group and an experimental group. The control group used conventional urea (N content of 46wt%), monoammonium phosphate (N content of 12wt%, P2O5 content of 60wt%), and potassium sulfate (K2O content of 50wt%) for drip application. The total fertilizer dosage was N 20kg / mu, P2O5 12kg / mu, and K2O 7.5kg / mu. Nitrogen fertilizer was drip applied at 25wt% at the bud stage, 50wt% at the flowering stage, and 25wt% at the boll stage, and phosphorus and potassium fertilizers were drip applied at 15wt% at the bud stage, 50wt% at the flowering stage, and 35wt% at the boll stage. The experimental group applied a water-soluble functional bacterial fertilizer for cotton solubilizing phosphorus and potassium throughout the drip irrigation process, and the implementation was carried out according to the following method.

[0094] (1) Special fertilizer for germination water: After sowing on April 21, germination water was uniformly dripped on April 23. After 40 minutes of drip irrigation with clean water, 5 kg of special fertilizer for germination water of Example 1 was added to the drip irrigation system until the special fertilizer for germination water was dripped and the wetting front exceeded 13 cm of the cotton sowing row. Cotton seedlings emerged on May 1. The drip irrigation parameters were set as follows: the water inlet pressure of the drip irrigation belt was 0.15 MPa, the dripper flow rate was 2.1 L / h, the dripper spacing was 30 cm, and the laying length was 75 m.

[0095] (2) Fertilizer for the bud stage: ① On June 15, drip irrigation was performed for 60 minutes, and then 5 kg of the fertilizer for the bud stage of Example 2 was added to the drip irrigation system. After the fertilizer was completely dripped, drip irrigation with clean water was continued for 60 minutes. ② On June 15, drip irrigation was performed for 60 minutes, and then 10 kg of the fertilizer for the bud stage of Example 2 was added to the drip irrigation system. After the fertilizer was completely dripped, drip irrigation with clean water was continued for 60 minutes, for a total of 15 kg / mu. The drip irrigation parameters were set as follows: the drip irrigation belt inlet pressure was 0.15 MPa, the dripper flow rate was 2.1 L / h, the dripper spacing was 30 cm, and the laying length was 75 m.

[0096] (3) Fertilizer for flowering period: ① July 3: First, drip irrigate with clean water for 60 minutes, then add 10 kg of the fertilizer for flowering period of Example 3 into the drip irrigation system, until the fertilizer is completely drip-irrigated, and then continue to drip irrigate with clean water for 60 minutes. ② July 3: First, drip irrigate with clean water for 60 minutes, then add 15 kg of the fertilizer for flowering period of Example 3 into the drip irrigation system, until the fertilizer is completely drip-irrigated, and then continue to drip irrigate with clean water for 60 minutes. ③ July 17: First, drip irrigate with clean water for 60 minutes, then add 15 kg of the fertilizer for flowering period of Example 3 into the drip irrigation system, until the fertilizer is completely drip-irrigated, and then continue to drip irrigate with clean water for 60 minutes. ④ July 24: First, drip irrigation with clean water for 60 minutes, then 10 kg of the special fertilizer for the flowering period of Example 3 was added to the drip irrigation system until all the fertilizer was dripped, and then drip irrigation with clean water for 60 minutes, totaling 50 kg / mu; the drip irrigation parameters were set as follows: the drip irrigation belt inlet pressure was 0.15 MPa, the dripper flow rate was 2.1 L / h, the dripper spacing was 30 cm, and the laying length was 75 m.

[0097] (4) Special fertilizer for the boll period: ① August 1: First, drip irrigate with clean water for 60 minutes, then add 10 kg of the special fertilizer for the boll period of Example 4 to the drip irrigation system until all the fertilizer has been dripped, and then continue to drip irrigate with clean water for 60 minutes. ② August 9: First, drip irrigate with clean water for 60 minutes, then add 10 kg of the special fertilizer for the boll period of Example 4 to the drip irrigation system until all the fertilizer has been dripped, and then continue to drip irrigate with clean water for 60 minutes. ③ August 15: First, drip irrigate with clean water for 60 minutes, then add 5 kg of the special fertilizer for the boll period of Example 4 to the drip irrigation system until all the fertilizer has been dripped, and then continue to drip irrigate with clean water for 60 minutes, for a total of 25 kg / mu. The drip irrigation parameters were set as follows: the water inlet pressure of the drip irrigation belt was 0.15 MPa, the dripper flow rate was 2.1 L / h, the dripper spacing was 30 cm, and the laying length was 75 m.

[0098] (5) Harvest: On October 8, mechanical harvesting was carried out, and the seed cotton yield was 483.6 kg / mu, while the control yield was 461.4 kg / mu, with an increase rate of 4.8%.

[0099]

[0100] By comparison with the above embodiments, it can be concluded that the water-soluble functional bacterial fertilizer for drip irrigation cotton for dissolving phosphorus and potassium of the present invention can indeed activate soil nutrients in Xinjiang cotton fields, promote cotton nutrient absorption and increase cotton yield goals, among which: seed cotton yield increased by 4.8%, soil available phosphorus increased by 10.9%, and soil available potassium increased by 8.9%. It can meet the nutrient needs of drip-irrigated cotton in different growth periods, achieve the purpose of supplementing trace elements to balance cotton nutrients, enhance fertilizer efficiency, promote growth, resist lodging and increase cotton yield.

[0101] Application Example 2

[0102] The water-soluble functional fertilizer for phosphate and potassium dissolving of drip irrigation cotton of Examples 1-4 of the present invention was tested and demonstrated in 2023 in the 11th Company of the 147th Regiment of the Eighth Division. The previous crop was cotton, and the land was prepared before winter. This area is located on the southern edge of the Junggar Basin in Xinjiang. It has a typical temperate continental climate with an average annual temperature of 6.0-8.1°C, an average annual rainfall of 107mm, and uneven distribution, and an evaporation of 1976mm. The soil is irrigated gray desert soil with a loam texture. It is suitable for irrigation agriculture and is suitable for the implementation of the method of the present invention. It should be noted that the following application amount of cotton per mu and the cotton yield per mu are used.

[0103] The comparative experiment was designed with two groups: a control group and an experimental group. The control group used conventional urea (N content of 46wt%), monoammonium phosphate (N content of 12wt%, P2O5 content of 60wt%), and potassium sulfate (K2O content of 50wt%) for drip application. The total fertilizer dosage was N 24kg / mu, P2O5 15 kg / mu, and K2O 10.0kg / mu. Nitrogen fertilizer was drip applied at 25wt% at the bud stage, 50wt% at the flowering stage, and 25wt% at the boll stage, and phosphorus and potassium fertilizers were drip applied at 15wt% at the bud stage, 50wt% at the flowering stage, and 35wt% at the boll stage. The experimental group applied water-soluble functional bacterial fertilizer for cotton solubilizing phosphorus and potassium throughout the drip irrigation process, and implemented according to the following method.

[0104] (1) Special fertilizer for germination water: After sowing on April 10, germination water was uniformly dripped on April 13. After 40 minutes of drip irrigation with clean water, 5 kg of the special fertilizer for germination water of Example 1 was added to the drip irrigation system until the special fertilizer for germination water was dripped and the wetting front exceeded 13 cm of the cotton sowing row. Cotton seedlings emerged on April 21. The drip irrigation parameters were set as follows: drip irrigation belt water inlet pressure 0.15 MPa, dripper flow rate 2.1 L / h, dripper spacing 30 cm, and laying length 75 m.

[0105] (2) Fertilizer for the bud stage: ① On June 12, drip irrigation was performed for 60 minutes, followed by the addition of 5 kg of the fertilizer for the bud stage of Example 2 to the drip irrigation system. After the fertilizer was completely drip-irrigated, the drip irrigation system continued to drip with clean water for 60 minutes. ② On June 20, drip irrigation was performed for 60 minutes, followed by the addition of 15 kg of the fertilizer for the bud stage of Example 2 to the drip irrigation system. After the fertilizer was completely drip-irrigated, the drip irrigation system continued to drip with clean water for 60 minutes, for a total of 20 kg / mu. The drip irrigation parameters were set as follows: the drip irrigation belt inlet pressure was 0.15 MPa, the dripper flow rate was 2.1 L / h, the dripper spacing was 30 cm, and the laying length was 75 m.

[0106] (3) Fertilizer for flowering period: ① June 28: First, drip irrigate with clean water for 60 minutes, then add 15 kg of the fertilizer for flowering period of Example 3 to the drip irrigation system until all the fertilizer has been drip-irrigated, and then continue to drip irrigate with clean water for 60 minutes. ② July 5: First, drip irrigate with clean water for 60 minutes, then add 15 kg of the fertilizer for flowering period of Example 3 to the drip irrigation system until all the fertilizer has been drip-irrigated, and then continue to drip irrigate with clean water for 60 minutes. ③ July 13: First, drip irrigate with clean water for 60 minutes, then add 15 kg of the fertilizer for flowering period of Example 3 to the drip irrigation system until all the fertilizer has been drip-irrigated, and then continue to drip irrigate with clean water for 60 minutes. ④ July 21: First, drip irrigation with clean water for 60 minutes, then 10 kg of the special fertilizer for the flowering period of Example 3 was added to the drip irrigation system until all the fertilizer was dripped, and then drip irrigation with clean water for 60 minutes, totaling 55 kg / mu; the drip irrigation parameters were set as follows: the drip irrigation belt water inlet pressure was 0.15 MPa, the dripper flow rate was 2.1 L / h, the dripper spacing was 30 cm, and the laying length was 75 m.

[0107] (4) Special fertilizer for the boll period: ① July 29: First, drip irrigate with clean water for 60 minutes, then add 10 kg of the special fertilizer for the boll period of Example 4 to the drip irrigation system until all the fertilizer has been dripped, and then continue to drip irrigate with clean water for 60 minutes. ② August 5: First, drip irrigate with clean water for 60 minutes, then add 10 kg of the special fertilizer for the boll period of Example 4 to the drip irrigation system until all the fertilizer has been dripped, and then continue to drip irrigate with clean water for 60 minutes. ③ August 13: First, drip irrigate with clean water for 60 minutes, then add 5 kg of the special fertilizer for the boll period of Example 4 to the drip irrigation system until all the fertilizer has been dripped, and then continue to drip irrigate with clean water for 60 minutes, for a total of 25 kg / mu. The drip irrigation parameters were set as follows: the drip irrigation belt water inlet pressure was 0.15 MPa, the dripper flow rate was 2.1 L / h, the dripper spacing was 30 cm, and the laying length was 75 m.

[0108] (5) Harvest: On October 10, mechanical harvesting was carried out, and the seed cotton yield was 532.8 kg / mu, while the control yield was 501.7 kg / mu, with an increase rate of 6.2%.

[0109]

[0110] By comparing the above application examples 1-2, it can be concluded that the water-soluble functional bacterial fertilizer for drip irrigation cotton for dissolving phosphorus and potassium of the present invention can indeed activate the soil nutrients in Xinjiang cotton fields, promote cotton nutrient absorption and increase cotton yield goals, among which: seed cotton yield increased by 6.2%, soil available phosphorus increased by 8.3%, and soil available potassium increased by 7.0%. It can meet the nutrient needs of drip irrigation cotton in different growth periods, achieve the purpose of supplementing trace elements to balance cotton nutrients, enhance fertilizer efficiency, promote growth, resist lodging and increase cotton yield.

[0111] In the above embodiments, the description of each embodiment has its own focus. For parts that are not described in detail in a certain embodiment, reference can be made to the relevant descriptions of other embodiments.

[0112] The numerical ranges described in the present invention include all values ​​within the range, and include range values ​​formed by any two values ​​within the range. Different numerical values ​​of the same indicator appearing in all embodiments of the present invention can be arbitrarily combined to form a range value.

[0113] The technical features in the claims and / or the specification of the present invention may be combined, and the manner of combination is not limited to the combination obtained by reference in the claims. The technical solutions obtained by combining the technical features in the claims and / or the specification are also within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0114] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not constitute any form of limitation to the present invention. Any simple modifications, equivalent changes and modifications made to the above embodiment based on the technical essence of the present invention still fall within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A water-soluble functional fertilizer for drip irrigation of cotton that dissolves phosphorus and potassium, characterized in that: The invention is composed of the following components in parts by weight: 5 to 10 parts of phosphate-dissolving microbial agent; 10 to 30 parts of soluble nitrogen fertilizer; 10 to 15 parts of soluble phosphate fertilizer; 10 to 20 parts of soluble potassium fertilizer; 5 to 10 parts of soluble potassium humate; 5 to 10 parts of soluble organic acid; and 1 to 3 parts of soluble trace element fertilizer.

2. The water-soluble functional fertilizer for drip irrigation of cotton, characterized in that: The phosphate-dissolving microbial agent includes Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SF16, which comes from the cotton fields in Xinjiang. The Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SF16 has been deposited in the General Microbiology Center of the China Culture Collection Administration on December 3, 2020, with the deposit number CGMCC NO.21290. The strain is classified and named Bacillus amyloliquefaciens.

3. The water-soluble functional fertilizer for phosphate and potassium dissolving for drip irrigation of cotton according to claim 1, characterized in that: The phosphate-dissolving microbial agent is a phosphate-dissolving microbial bacterial solution comprising Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SF16, and the total concentration of live bacteria is 1×10 9 ~1×10 10 CFU / mL.

4. The water-soluble functional fertilizer for phosphate and potassium dissolving for drip irrigation of cotton according to claim 1, characterized in that: The soluble nitrogen fertilizer is selected from at least one of urea and ammonium sulfate; the soluble phosphate fertilizer is selected from at least one of monoammonium phosphate, urea phosphate and ammonium polyphosphate.

5. The water-soluble functional fertilizer for drip irrigation of cotton, characterized in that: The soluble potash fertilizer is selected from at least one of potassium sulfate, potassium chloride and potassium humate; and the soluble organic acid is selected from at least one of citric acid and malic acid.

6. The water-soluble functional fertilizer for phosphate and potassium dissolving for drip irrigation of cotton according to claim 1, characterized in that: The soluble trace element fertilizer is a water-soluble amino acid organic complex fertilizer product, and the trace element content of the water-soluble amino acid organic complex fertilizer product is ≥20wt%.

7. A method for preparing a water-soluble functional fertilizer for drip irrigation of cotton that dissolves phosphorus and potassium, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1, screening of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria: selecting cotton plants to isolate phosphate-solubilizing bacteria; Step 2: Isolation of a phosphate-solubilizing strain: To isolate, cotton hypocotyls were sterilized with alcohol, peeled, and the peeled stems were cut into small segments with sterilized pruning shears. The segments were cultured on potato agar to obtain a fungal and bacterial culture mixture, and Bacillus was isolated. The Bacillus was streaked onto a Bacillus sporulation medium with a sterilized needle and cultured overnight. A single colony was picked and cultured on a new sporulation medium plate to obtain purified Bacillus SF16. Step 3, culturing the phosphate-solubilizing strain: inoculating the purified Bacillus SF16 at an inoculum size of 2-5% by volume into 500-1000 mL of liquid Bacillus spore-forming culture medium, culturing at 26-30° C. for 24-30 hours until the SF16 bacterial solution concentration reaches an OD600 value of 0.6-1.0 to obtain a Bacillus bacterial solution, and then adding 5wt% glycerol solution and 2wt% sodium alginate solution to the Bacillus bacterial solution to obtain a phosphate-solubilizing agent; Step 4: dissolve 10-30 parts of soluble nitrogen fertilizer, 10-15 parts of soluble phosphorus fertilizer, 5-10 parts of soluble potassium fertilizer, 5-10 parts of soluble potassium humate, 5-10 parts of soluble organic acid, and 1-3 parts of soluble trace element fertilizer in 50-60 parts of water in sequence to obtain a water-soluble fertilizer; Step 5: Add the phosphate-dissolving bacteria agent obtained in step 3 to the water-soluble fertilizer obtained in step 4, mix them thoroughly, and stir them evenly to obtain the water-soluble functional bacterial fertilizer for drip irrigation cotton that dissolves phosphate and potassium.

8. The method for preparing the water-soluble functional fertilizer for drip irrigation of cotton with phosphate and potassium solubility as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that: In step 2, the formula of the potato agar medium is as follows: per 1L of distilled water, it contains 200g potatoes, 20g glucose, 3g KH2PO4, 1.5g MgSO4·7H2O, 15g agar powder, the pH is 7.0-7.2, and the rest is distilled water; its preparation method is as follows: the potatoes are peeled and sliced, boiled for 10 minutes, filtered through gauze, and glucose, KH2PO4, MgSO4·7H2O and agar powder are added in sequence; the formula of the Bacillus spore production medium is as follows: per 1L of distilled water, it contains 20g glucose, 15g peptone, 5g NaCl, 0.5g beef extract, 15g agar powder, the pH is 7.0-7.2, and the rest is distilled water.

9. The method for preparing the water-soluble functional fertilizer for drip irrigation of cotton with phosphate and potassium solubility as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that: The urea is urea with a mass percentage of N of 46%; the ammonium sulfate is ammonium sulfate with a mass percentage of N of 21%; the monoammonium phosphate is a monoammonium phosphate with a mass percentage of P2O5 of 60% and a mass percentage of N of 12%, preferably a monoammonium phosphate with an insoluble content of less than 0.5%; the urea phosphate is a urea phosphate with a mass percentage of P2O5 of 44% and a mass percentage of N of 17%; the ammonium polyphosphate is an ammonium polyphosphate with a mass percentage of P2O5 greater than 68%, a mass percentage of N of 13%, and a degree of polymerization of 3 to 4; the potassium sulfate is potassium sulfate with a mass percentage of K2O of 50%; the potassium chloride is a potassium chloride with a mass percentage of K2O of 60%; % potassium sulfate; the potassium humate is potassium humate having a mass percentage of K2O greater than 8% and a mass percentage of humic acid greater than 55%; the soluble organic acid is citric acid or malic acid having a mass percentage of greater than 99%; the zinc sulfate is zinc sulfate having a mass percentage of greater than 25% of the total amount of amino acids and a mass percentage of greater than 8% of zinc; the ferrous sulfate is ferrous sulfate having a mass percentage of FeSO4·7H2O of 99.5%; the ammonium molybdate is ammonium heptamolybdate having a mass percentage of molybdenum greater than 55%; and the manganese sulfate is anhydrous manganese sulfate, manganese sulfate monohydrate, or manganese sulfate tetrahydrate having a purity greater than 98% and a water-insoluble matter less than 0.5wt%.

10. A method for applying the water-soluble functional fertilizer for phosphate and potassium dissolving for drip irrigation of cotton according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) After drip irrigation with clean water for 40 to 60 minutes, add the special fertilizer for seedling emergence water until the special fertilizer for seedling emergence water is dripped and the wetting front exceeds 13 cm of the cotton sowing row; (2) Drip irrigation with clean water for 40 to 60 minutes, then add fertilizer for the bud stage until all the fertilizer has been drip-irrigated, and continue drip irrigation with clean water for 60 minutes; (3) Drip irrigation with clean water for 40 to 60 minutes, then add fertilizer for flowering period until all the fertilizer has been dripped, and continue drip irrigation with clean water for 60 minutes; (4) Drip irrigation with clean water for 40 to 60 minutes, then add fertilizer for the boll stage until all the fertilizer has been drip-irrigated, and continue drip irrigation with clean water for 60 minutes; (5) Mechanical harvesting.

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