Controllable resistance-increasing type supporting device for tunnels and mines and implementation method

Abstract

The invention relates to a controllable resistance increasing type supporting device for a tunnel and a mine and an implementation method. The controllable resistance increasing type supporting device comprises a rod body, a buckling energy absorption structure, a monitoring module and a rotating mechanism. A sensing-decision-execution closed-loop system is jointly constructed through the monitoring module and the rotating mechanism. Wherein the sensing layer and the strain gauge collect surrounding rock deformation data in real time, and signal transmission is achieved through the strain receiving chip and the wireless receiver; according to the decision-making layer, a deformation threshold value is preset in a wireless receiver, and whether the driving gear mechanism set is started or not is judged; according to the execution layer, the driving gear mechanism drives the driven mechanism to further twist the buckling energy absorption structure. Based on the system, the bearing capacity of the supporting device can be dynamically adjusted, the problems that a traditional supporting device is unchanged in bearing capacity, poor in impact resistance and the like are solved, and the system can be repeatedly used. The invention further provides an implementation method based on the device, the method is safe, economical and efficient, and beneficial supplementation and reference are provided for high-performance and intelligent development of tunnel and mine supporting equipment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of geotechnical engineering support, and in particular to a controllable resistance-increasing support device for tunnels and mines and an implementation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Currently, traditional support methods, due to their simple structure, convenient construction, and outstanding economic efficiency, are widely used in scenarios such as slope protection, mountain reinforcement, reinforcement of jointed and fissured rock masses, and tunnel surrounding rock support. However, with the acceleration of urbanization, the continuous expansion of underground space development, and the increasing safety requirements for construction operations, civil engineering support technology faces greater challenges.

[0003] Against this backdrop, the limitations of traditional support methods have become increasingly apparent: First, they are limited in functionality, providing only mechanical support and unable to detect real-time deformation or stress changes in the surrounding rock. Second, they lack sufficient resistance to shock and large deformation, making them incapable of adapting to the high ground stress creep or dynamic load impacts of deep engineering projects. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a new device and construction technology that combines intelligent monitoring capabilities with strong shock and large deformation resistance. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to solve the current situation in the existing technology of the lack of intelligent monitoring in traditional support technology and insufficient impact resistance and deformation resistance, the present invention provides a controllable resistance-increasing support device and implementation method for tunnels and mines to achieve the above-mentioned technical purpose and achieve the above-mentioned technical effect.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve its technical problem is: A controllable resistance-increasing support device for tunnels and mines comprises a rod body, a monitoring module is provided on the top of the rod body, and a buckling energy absorption structure and a rotation mechanism are sequentially provided on the lower part; The buckling energy absorption structure includes two upper and lower pressure-dispersing plates and several force-bearing units connected in the middle. The upper and lower pressure-dispersing plates are sleeved on the rod body and can twist relative to each other. A hollow clamping piece is provided at the bottom of the lower pressure-dispersing plate. The rotating mechanism includes a metal shell, a driving gear mechanism group is provided at the bottom of the metal shell, a sealing plate is provided at the top, a hole is opened in the middle of the sealing plate, a driven mechanism is provided in the hole, a clamping sleeve is provided on the top of the driven mechanism for connecting to the clamping member, a driven gear is provided downwardly extending from the bottom, a retaining ring is provided on the upper surface of the driven gear extending outward, and the driven gear is meshed and connected with the driving gear structure group; A wireless receiver is provided in the rotating mechanism for acquiring monitoring information sent by the monitoring module and controlling the operation of the active gear mechanism group.

[0006] When the monitoring module detects displacement changes in the surrounding environment, the active gear mechanism of the rotating mechanism will drive the driven mechanism to rotate, and then twist the clamping part and the lower pressure-releasing plate connected to it, so that the lower pressure-releasing plate is twisted relative to the upper pressure-releasing plate. The buckling energy-absorbing structure buckles and deforms under pressure, converting the impact kinetic energy into plastic deformation, which can effectively resist the dual tests of high-altitude stress creep and dynamic load impact, and significantly improve the ability to resist impact and large deformation.

[0007] In one embodiment, the clamping member is a nut fixed on the lower pressure plate and connected to the rod body through a thread. The clamping sleeve can be a hexagonal sleeve with a size that matches the size of the nut.

[0008] In one embodiment, the metal shell is a cylindrical structure, and the upper sealing plate is arranged below the upper surface of the metal shell, so as to facilitate the insertion of the lower pressure-dispersing plate of the buckling energy-absorbing structure and improve the connection strength between the two.

[0009] Preferably, the diameter of the sealing plate matches the diameter of the lower pressure-dispersing plate, and the distance between the sealing plate and the upper surface of the metal shell is equal to the thickness of the lower pressure-dispersing plate.

[0010] The top of the driven mechanism is flush with the upper surface of the sealing plate, and a lubricating material is provided on the upper surface of the sealing plate to facilitate the rotation of the lower pressure-releasing plate on the upper surface of the sealing plate.

[0011] As one embodiment, the driving gear mechanism group includes three or more groups of driving gears, and a battery is provided at the bottom of the metal shell to supply energy to the driving gear mechanism group.

[0012] The buckling energy absorption structure features several load-bearing units arranged in a ring around the outer edges of the two pressure-distributing plates. These units are capable of twisting. For example, these units can be made of round seamless steel tubes with a defined wall thickness to better achieve buckling deformation. Compared to square steel tubes, these tubes can be made to avoid tearing along their edges during buckling.

[0013] In one embodiment, the rod body comprises a metal rod with a front protective shell threaded onto its top. A spike is provided at the end of the rod. A monitoring module is housed within the front protective shell. A small hole is provided in the sidewall. An expansion material bag is connected to the bottom of the monitoring module. Initially, the expansion material bag is wrapped with an elastic material that expands in the presence of air. When the front protective shell is pressed downward, the expansion material bag is punctured by the spike at the end of the metal rod, causing the contents to expand in the presence of air, thereby limiting the downward movement of the monitoring module. At the same time, the elasticity of the expansion material bag allows the monitoring module to move downward if the front protective shell is deformed by external influences.

[0014] A thread is provided at the bottom of the metal rod, and a nut is provided at the bottom of the rotating mechanism for adjusting the position and state of the rotating mechanism.

[0015] As one embodiment, the monitoring module includes a protective shell, in which a strain receiving chip and a wireless receiver are arranged. A small hole is opened on the side wall of the protective shell for the wire to pass through. The wire passes through the front protective shell and is connected to a strain gauge at one end.

[0016] The present invention also provides a method for implementing a controllable resistance-increasing support device for tunnels and mines, which uses the controllable resistance-increasing support device and includes the following technical steps: Step 1: Install the monitoring module; Step 2: Install the buckling energy absorption structure and the rotating mechanism. Load the buckling energy absorption structure and the rotating mechanism onto the rod in sequence, and then install the nut. Step 3: Install the device pre-assembled in step 2 to the support position; 3.1, drilling; 3.2, clean the hole; 3.3. Grouting: Use the bottom grouting method and install an exhaust pipe to ensure dense grouting and avoid air holes. Insert the grouting pipe into the bottom of the hole, pour cement mortar, and set the grouting pressure and grouting range. 3.4. Device installation: After grouting is completed, slowly pull out the grouting pipe, insert the assembled support device at the same time, and tighten the nut.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages: The present invention adopts a buckling energy absorption structure. When the round seamless steel tube is under pressure, it buckles and deforms (non-square tube tears), converting the impact kinetic energy into plastic deformation. It can effectively resist the dual tests of high-altitude stress creep and dynamic load impact, and significantly improve the impact resistance and resistance to large deformation.

[0018] Dynamically adjustable support bearing capacity is achieved through a control system. At the sensing layer, strain gauges collect real-time surrounding rock deformation data, transmitting signals via a strain receiving chip and wireless receiver. At the decision-making layer, a deformation threshold is preset within the wireless receiver to determine whether to activate the rotation mechanism. At the execution layer, a gear train drives the driven mechanism to rotate the nut, actively twisting the buckling energy-absorbing structure and increasing resistance in a step-by-step manner. This addresses the challenges of traditional support methods, such as fixed bearing capacity and poor impact resistance.

[0019] The device is reusable. The rotating mechanism is temporarily fixed with a nut, then disassembled and recycled after the task is completed, allowing it to be reused for other anchor bolts. It is economical, requiring only replacement of consumables (such as the expansion pack and buckling energy absorption structure), significantly reducing the cost of deep coal and rock support engineering. This significantly promotes the development of support systems towards sustainability, high performance, and intelligentization. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the rod structure of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the front end of the rod body of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the buckling energy absorption structure of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the monitoring module of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the coordination of the buckling energy absorption structure and the rotation mechanism of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the rotating mechanism of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the detailed structure of the rotating mechanism of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 9 This is the control flow chart of the control system.

[0029] Figure 10 It is a construction flow chart of the present invention.

[0030] 1. Rod body; 11. Metal rod; 12. Expansion material bag; 13. First nut; 14. Front protective shell; 2. Buckling energy absorption structure; 21. Pressure plate; 22. Force unit; 23. Second nut; 3. Monitoring module; 31. Protective shell; 32. Wire; 33. Strain gauge; 34. Strain receiving chip; 35. Wireless receiver; 4. Rotating mechanism; 41. Metal shell; 42. Driving gear mechanism group; 43. Driven mechanism; 44. Battery. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] See also Figure 1 This embodiment provides a controllable resistance-enhancing support device for tunnels and mines, including a rod body 1, a monitoring module 3 is provided on the top of the rod body 1, a buckling energy absorption structure 2 and a rotation mechanism 4 are sequentially penetrated on the lower part, and corresponding rod body through-holes are provided at the center positions of the buckling energy absorption structure 2 and the rotation mechanism 4.

[0032] The buckling energy absorption structure 2 includes two upper and lower pressure-dispersing plates 21 and a plurality of force-bearing units 22 connected in the middle. The upper and lower pressure-dispersing plates 21 are sleeved on the rod body 1 and can twist relative to each other. A hollow clamping piece is provided at the bottom of the lower pressure-dispersing plate 21.

[0033] The rotating mechanism 4 includes a metal shell 41, a driving gear mechanism group 42 is provided at the bottom of the metal shell 41, a sealing plate is provided at the top, a hole is opened in the middle of the sealing plate, and a driven mechanism 43 is provided in the hole for rotation. A clamping sleeve is provided on the top of the driven mechanism 43 for connecting to a clamping member, and a driven gear is provided downwardly extending from the bottom. A retaining ring is provided on the upper surface of the driven gear, and the driven gear is meshed with the driving gear structure group; A wireless receiver 35 is provided in the rotating mechanism 4 for acquiring the monitoring information sent by the monitoring module 3 and controlling the operation of the driving gear mechanism 42. The wireless receiver 35 is a second wireless receiver.

[0034] When the monitoring module 3 detects displacement changes in the surrounding environment, the active gear mechanism group 42 of the rotating mechanism 4 will drive the driven mechanism 43 to rotate, and then twist the clamping part and the lower pressure-releasing plate 21 connected thereto, so that the lower pressure-releasing plate 21 is twisted relative to the upper pressure-releasing plate 21. The buckling energy-absorbing structure 2 is buckled and deformed under pressure, and the impact kinetic energy is converted into plastic deformation, which can effectively resist the dual test of high-ground stress creep and dynamic load impact, and significantly improve the impact resistance and large deformation resistance.

[0035] See below Figure 2 The specific structure of the rod body 1 in this embodiment will be described in detail.

[0036] The rod body 1 includes a metal rod 11, and the top of the metal rod 11 is threadedly connected to a front end protective shell 14 made of metal material. The diameter of the threaded section at the top of the metal rod 11 is smaller than the diameter of the metal rod 11, and the outer diameter of the front end protective shell 14 is equal to the diameter of the metal rod 11, so that after the two are threaded together, the outer surface is smooth, which is convenient for construction.

[0037] See also Figure 3 A spike is set at the end of the metal rod 11, a monitoring module 3 is set in the front protective shell 14, a small hole is opened at the top of the side wall, and the bottom of the monitoring module 3 is connected to the expansion material bag 12. The expansion material bag 12 is initially installed with a gap between it and the spike.

[0038] In this embodiment, the expansion material bag 12 can use elastic material to wrap the rubber material that expands when exposed to air. When the front protective shell 14 is pressed and moved downward, the expansion material bag 12 is punctured by the sharp spikes at the end of the metal rod 11, and the contents expand when exposed to air, thereby limiting the downward displacement of the monitoring module 3. At the same time, its elasticity allows the monitoring module 3 to move downward when the front protective shell 14 is deformed due to external influences.

[0039] The bottom of the metal rod 11 is provided with a thread, and the bottom of the rotating mechanism 4 is provided with a first nut 13 for adjusting the position and state of the rotating mechanism 4. At the same time, after the rotating mechanism 4 drives the buckling energy absorption structure 2 to work, the rotating mechanism 4 is recovered for secondary use.

[0040] See below Figure 5 The specific structure of the monitoring module 3 in this embodiment is described below. The monitoring module 3 comprises a protective housing 31 made of metal. Within this housing are a strain gauge receiving chip 34 and a wireless receiver 35. This wireless receiver 35 is a primary wireless receiver. When surrounding rock deformation reaches a certain threshold, the primary wireless receiver issues an alarm, prompting construction workers to evacuate. A small hole is provided in the sidewall of the protective housing 31 for the passage of a wire 32. The wire 32, which exits the front protective housing 14, is connected to a strain gauge 33 at one end.

[0041] See below Figure 4 and Figure 6 All components of the buckling energy absorption structure 2 are made of metal. Several force-bearing units 22 are arranged in a ring around the outer edges of the two pressure-distributing plates 21 and are welded to the plates. The force-bearing units 22 are capable of torsion. For example, the force-bearing units 22 can be made of round, seamless steel pipes with a certain wall thickness to better withstand buckling deformation. Compared to square steel pipes, this can prevent tearing along the edges during buckling deformation.

[0042] In this embodiment, the clamping member at the bottom of the lower pressure-releasing plate 21 is a second nut 23, which is fixed to the lower pressure-releasing plate 21 and threadedly connected to the rod body 1. The clamping sleeve at the top of the driven mechanism 43 can be a hexagonal sleeve with a size that matches the nut size.

[0043] See below Figure 7 and Figure 8 In this embodiment, the metal shell 41 is a cylindrical structure, and the upper sealing plate is arranged below the upper surface of the metal shell 41. This facilitates the insertion of the lower pressure-dispersing plate 21 of the buckling energy-absorbing structure 2 and improves the connection strength between the two.

[0044] Preferably, the diameter of the sealing plate matches the diameter of the lower pressure-dispersing plate 21 , and the distance between the sealing plate and the upper surface of the metal shell 41 is equal to the thickness of the lower pressure-dispersing plate 21 .

[0045] The driven mechanism 43 tops can be flush with the upper surface of the sealing plate, or slightly higher. What the present embodiment adopted is a flush mode, and the upper surface of the sealing plate is provided with lubricating material so that the lower pressure-dispersing disc 21 rotates on the upper surface of the sealing plate.

[0046] The driven gear at the lower part of the driven mechanism 43 is arranged horizontally, and the retaining ring is extended horizontally. The extended length ensures that the driven mechanism 43 does not fall.

[0047] The rotation direction of the driven gear is consistent with the tightening direction of the thread at the tail end of the metal rod 11.

[0048] See also Figure 8In this embodiment, the driving gear mechanism 42 employs four sets of driving gears, arranged horizontally. A motor is located below the gears, and a battery 44 is located at the bottom of the metal housing 41 to power the driving gear mechanism 42. The bottom of the metal housing 41 is provided with corresponding rod perforations, which are not shown in the figure to facilitate viewing of the arrangement of the driving gear mechanism 42.

[0049] Preferably, a thread is provided on the upper portion of the metal shell 41, and the sealing plate is threadedly connected to the upper portion of the metal shell 41, and the thread direction is consistent with the thread direction of the lower portion of the metal rod 11. This has two functions: On the one hand, as the driven mechanism 43 drives the lower pressure-dispersing plate 21 of the buckling energy-absorbing structure 2 to rotate, the sealing plate will only become tighter and tighter, providing good support for the torsion of the buckling energy-absorbing structure 2; On the other hand, when the rotating mechanism 4 is recovered, the cover plate can be easily unscrewed to perform maintenance on the bottom driving gear mechanism group 42 and the battery 44 .

[0050] See below Figure 9 Here we will focus on introducing the control process of the control system of the present invention.

[0051] The perception layer mainly performs the work of the monitoring module. The strain gauge 33 collects the surrounding rock deformation data in real time, receives the deformation information of the strain gauge 33 through the strain receiving chip 34, and then transmits the monitoring information to the first wireless receiver and the second wireless receiver to provide a basis for decision-making.

[0052] At the decision-making level, a deformation threshold is preset in the second wireless receiver in the rotating mechanism 4 to determine whether to start the rotating mechanism 4 .

[0053] In the execution layer, when the surrounding rock strain reaches the threshold for starting the rotating mechanism 4, the rotating mechanism 4 works, and the battery supplies energy to the active gear mechanism group 42. The active gear mechanism group 42 drives the driven mechanism 43 to rotate the second nut 23, actively twisting the buckling energy absorbing structure 2. As the relative twisting of the two pressure-releasing plates 21 approaches, the resistance increases in a step-by-step manner, and finally reaches the optimal state of the buckling energy absorbing structure 2 under the current pressure state, and then the driven mechanism 43 stops rotating, thereby solving the problems of the traditional support method such as the fixed bearing capacity and poor impact resistance.

[0054] While the controllable resistance-increasing support device is currently working, the wireless receiver will also send information to the staff to facilitate the subsequent disassembly and recovery of the rotating mechanism 4.

[0055] See also Figure 10 The present invention also provides a method for implementing a controllable resistance-increasing support device for tunnels and mines, which uses the controllable resistance-increasing support device and includes the following technical steps: Step 1: Install monitoring module 3; 1.1. Install the strain receiver chip 34: Connect the wire 32 to the strain receiver chip 34. After the connection is completed, place the strain receiver chip 34 into the protective shell 31. Place the protective shell 31 into the front protective shell 14. The other end of the wire 32 extends out of the hole in the side wall of the front protective shell 14. 1.2. Install the strain gauge 33: Connect the wire 32 passing through the wire hole to the strain gauge 33, polish the area where the strain gauge is to be installed, then install the strain gauge and test whether the monitoring module 3 can work properly. After confirming that the monitoring module 3 can work properly, seal the wire hole; 1.3. Install the front protective shell 14: Install the front protective shell 14 on the front end of the metal rod 11 through threads; Step 2: Install the buckling energy absorption structure 2 and the rotating mechanism 4. Load the buckling energy absorption structure 2 and the rotating mechanism 4 onto the rod body 1 in sequence, and then install the first nut 13. Step 3: Install the device pre-assembled in step 2 to the support position; 3.1. Drilling: Select drilling machinery to ensure that the hole diameter and depth meet the requirements; 3.2. Hole cleaning: Use high-pressure air pipe or water to flush out rock powder and debris in the hole to ensure that the hole wall is clean; 3.3. Grouting: Use the bottom grouting method and install an exhaust pipe to ensure dense grouting and avoid air holes. Insert the grouting pipe into the bottom of the hole and pour cement mortar. The grouting pressure and grouting range need to be set. 3.4. Device installation: After grouting is completed, slowly pull out the grouting pipe, insert the assembled support device at the same time, and tighten the first nut 13.

[0056] Of course, the above description is not a limitation of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the above examples. Changes, modifications, additions or substitutions made by technicians in this technical field within the essential scope of the present invention should also fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A controllable resistance-increasing support device for tunnels and mines, characterized in that: It comprises a rod body (1), a monitoring module (3) is provided on the top of the rod body (1), and a buckling energy absorption structure (2) and a rotation mechanism (4) are sequentially provided on the lower part; The buckling energy absorption structure (2) comprises two upper and lower pressure-dispersing plates (21) and a plurality of force-bearing units (22) connected in the middle. The upper and lower pressure-dispersing plates (21) are sleeved on the rod body (1) and can twist relative to each other. A hollow clamping piece is provided at the bottom of the lower pressure-dispersing plate (21); The rotating mechanism (4) comprises a metal shell (41), a driving gear mechanism group (42) is provided at the bottom of the metal shell (41), a sealing plate is provided at the top, a hole is opened in the middle of the sealing plate, a driven mechanism (43) is provided in the hole, a clamping sleeve is provided at the top of the driven mechanism (43) for connecting the clamping member, a driven gear is provided at the bottom extending downward, a retaining ring extending outward is provided on the upper surface of the driven gear, and the driven gear is meshed and connected with the driving gear mechanism group; A wireless receiver (35) is provided in the rotating mechanism (4) for acquiring monitoring information sent by the monitoring module (3) and controlling the operation of the driving gear mechanism group (42).

2. The controllable resistance-increasing support device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The clamping member is a nut, which is fixed on the lower pressure-releasing plate (21) and connected to the rod body (1) via a thread.

3. The controllable resistance-increasing support device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The metal shell (41) is a cylindrical structure, and the upper sealing plate is arranged below the upper surface of the metal shell (41).

4. The controllable resistance-increasing support device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The diameter of the sealing plate matches the diameter of the lower pressure-dispersing plate (21), and the distance between the sealing plate and the upper surface of the metal shell (41) is equal to the thickness of the lower pressure-dispersing plate (21).

5. The controllable resistance-increasing support device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The top of the driven mechanism (43) is flush with the upper surface of the sealing plate, and a lubricating substance is provided on the upper surface of the sealing plate.

6. The controllable resistance-increasing support device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The driving gear mechanism group (42) includes more than three groups of driving gears, and a battery (44) is provided at the bottom of the metal shell (41) to supply energy to the driving gear mechanism group (42).

7. The controllable resistance-increasing support device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The plurality of force-bearing units (22) of the buckling energy absorption structure (2) are arranged in a ring shape on the outer edges of the two pressure-dispersing plates (21), and the force-bearing units (22) themselves are capable of twisting.

8. The controllable resistance-increasing support device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rod body (1) comprises a metal rod (11), the top of the metal rod (11) is threadedly connected to a front protective shell (14), a spike is provided at the end of the metal rod (11), a monitoring module (3) is provided in the front protective shell (14), a small hole is provided in the side wall, the bottom of the monitoring module (3) is connected to an expansion material bag (12), and a gap is left between the expansion material bag (12) and the spike in the initial installation state; A thread is provided at the bottom of the metal rod (11), and a nut is provided at the bottom of the rotating mechanism (4).

9. The controllable resistance-increasing support device according to claim 8, characterized in that: The monitoring module (3) includes a protective shell (31), wherein a strain receiving chip (34) and a wireless receiver (35) are arranged in the protective shell (31), and a small hole is provided on the side wall of the protective shell (31) for the wire (32) to pass through. The wire (32) passes through the front protective shell (14) and one end is connected to a strain gauge (33).

10. A method for implementing a controllable resistance-increasing support device for tunnels and mines, using the controllable resistance-increasing support device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The following technical steps are included: Step 1: Install the monitoring module (3); Step 2: Load the buckling energy absorption structure (2) and the rotating mechanism (4) onto the rod body (1) in sequence, and then install the nut; Step 3: Install the device pre-assembled in step 2 to the support position; 3.1, drilling; 3.2, clean the hole; 3.3, grouting; 3.

4. Device installation: After grouting is completed, slowly pull out the grouting pipe, insert the assembled support device at the same time, and tighten the nut.

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