Wheel set diameter measuring system based on multi-line structured light
Through a wheel-pair diameter measurement system based on multi-line structured light, a two-sided detection method and a high-precision industrial camera combined with a multi-line laser are used to solve the problem of foreign monopoly of high-precision lasers in the existing technology and limited visual accuracy of a single machine, and high-precision and all-round data acquisition of wheel-pair detection are achieved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202510753458.2
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-06-06
- Publication Date
- 2025-08-26
AI Technical Summary
The existing technology has a monopoly foreign country and insufficient miniaturization capabilities. The accuracy of a single machine vision method is limited. The detection accuracy of structured light technology is limited by algorithms and engineering capabilities, making it difficult to achieve high-precision wheel-pair detection.
The wheel-pair diameter measurement system based on multi-line structured light is adopted, and the linear structured light vision sensor and photoelectric sensor are used, and the two-sided detection method is combined with high-precision industrial cameras and multi-line lasers. Multiple parallel light strips are projected to cover the full width of the wheel-pair tread, and the shading is eliminated through triangulation to achieve all-round data acquisition.
It realizes a more comprehensive contour information reconstruction, improves the accuracy and reliability of measurement, makes up for the limitations of one-sided detection, and improves detection accuracy.
Smart Images
Figure CN120538428A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of structured light detection and relates to a wheelset diameter measurement system based on multi-line structured light. Background Art
[0002] With train speed increases, the demand for automated maintenance and inspection is increasing. Maintaining normal train operation requires improved maintenance capabilities. The condition of wheelsets is crucial to the safe operation of passenger and freight trains. Railway technical management regulations clearly define key wheelset dimensional parameters and the flaw detection status of key components on the train's underbody. Exceeding these limits, if not detected in a timely manner, can lead to serious accidents such as axle breakage and wheel derailment.
[0003] In existing dynamic wheelset detection solutions, high-precision lasers are currently monopolized by foreign countries. Domestically, high-precision lasers are primarily used in industries such as aerospace and large-scale equipment manufacturing. These devices are expensive and lack miniaturization capabilities. Single machine vision methods are limited by CMOS and high-precision lens manufacturing, and China still lags behind foreign countries in the field of industrial cameras. While structured light technology is more user-friendly in terms of camera and laser selection, detection accuracy is largely limited by algorithms and engineering capabilities. With appropriate algorithm design and engineering implementation, integrating machine learning technology can achieve very high accuracy and also offers certain advantages in manufacturing and implementation. Summary of the Invention
[0004] Based on the above problems, the technical solution of the present invention is: a wheelset diameter measurement system based on multi-line structured light, including a line structured light vision sensor and a photoelectric sensor, wherein: The line structured light vision sensor is provided on the inner and outer sides of the track, and each line structured light vision sensor includes a multi-line laser and an industrial camera; The photoelectric sensor is arranged beside the track. When the wheelset to be measured passes by, the photoelectric sensor is triggered, and the line structured light vision sensor is started to collect images of the wheelset to be measured.
[0005] Preferably, the multi-line laser has a wavelength of 650 nm, a power of 30 mW, a divergence angle ≤ 0.5°, and projects multiple parallel light strips covering the full width of the wheelset tread being measured.
[0006] Preferably, the working distance of the industrial camera is 270 mm ± 10 mm, and the field of view covers an area of 80 × 60 mm.
[0007] Preferably, the laser plane projected by the multi-line laser forms an angle of 45° with the axis of the wheelset being measured.
[0008] Preferably, the multi-line laser is provided with a narrowband filter.
[0009] Preferably, the line structured light vision sensor is arranged in an IP67 protection box, and a temperature control module is also arranged in the IP67 protection box.
[0010] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention include at least: 1. Multi-line structured light detection is more comprehensive. Compared with existing technical solutions, it uses high-precision lasers and increases the number of laser beams. It can simultaneously collect data from multiple positions on the wheelset tread, thereby reconstructing more complete and detailed contour information and avoiding local information being blocked and interfered with.
[0011] 2. Double-sided detection improves accuracy. This solution adopts double-sided detection to obtain data from both sides of the wheel at the same time, which makes up for the limitations of single-sided detection and further improves the reliability and accuracy of the overall measurement. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0012] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of a wheelset diameter measurement system based on multi-line structured light according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the structure of a wheelset diameter measurement system based on multi-line structured light according to a specific embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 Schematic diagram of an image of a wheelset being measured captured by a wheelset diameter measurement system based on multi-line structured light according to a specific embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0013] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.
[0014] On the contrary, the present invention covers any alternatives, modifications, equivalents, and solutions that fall within the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined by the claims. Furthermore, to facilitate a better understanding of the present invention, certain specific details are described in detail below in the detailed description of the present invention. Those skilled in the art will be able to fully understand the present invention without these details.
[0015] See also Figure 1 、 Figure 2 , including a line structured light vision sensor 10 and a photoelectric sensor 13, wherein, A line structured light vision sensor 10 is set on the inner and outer sides of the track. Each line structured light vision sensor 10 includes a multi-line laser 12 and an industrial camera 11; a photoelectric sensor 13 is set next to the track. When the measured wheelset 20 passes by, the photoelectric sensor 13 is triggered and the line structured light vision sensor 10 is started to capture images of the measured wheelset 20.
[0016] The device detects the entire wheelset 20 to be tested. The detection of one side of the wheel is a group, with a total of two groups. Each group of equipment uses two sets of line structured light vision sensors 10, where each set of line structured light vision sensors 10 has an industrial camera 11 and a multi-line laser 12. The two sets of line structured light vision sensors 10 are installed on both sides of the track of the wheel to be tested. When the wheelset 20 to be tested passes the positioning position preset by the photoelectric sensor 13, the photoelectric switch is triggered, and the line structured light vision sensor 10 realizes the acquisition of the image of the wheelset 20 to obtain Figure 3 An image of a wheelset profile is shown, including multiple laser stripes.
[0017] In a specific embodiment, the multi-line laser 12 has a wavelength of 650 nm, a power of 30 mW, a divergence angle ≤ 0.5°, and projects multiple parallel light strips covering the full width of the tread of the wheelset 20 being measured.
[0018] The industrial camera 11 uses a high-pixel, global shutter, high-frame-rate industrial camera 11, equipped with a low-distortion lens, a working distance of 270mm±10mm, and a field of view covering an area of 80×60mm.
[0019] The installation angle was optimized, with the laser plane projected by the multi-line laser 12 at a 45° angle to the axis of the wheelset 20 being measured, ensuring that the light strip covered the tread contact area and the root of the wheel rim. The baseline distance between the two-sided industrial cameras 11 was optimized, and single-sided obstructions were eliminated through triangulation.
[0020] Anti-interference design and optical filtering are combined with narrowband filters on the multi-line lasers to suppress ambient light interference. Mechanically protected, the structured light vision sensor is housed in an IP67 enclosure with a built-in temperature control module (operating temperature -20°C to 50°C) to withstand harsh operating conditions.
[0021] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims
1. A wheelset diameter measurement system based on multi-line structured light, characterized in that: Including line structured light vision sensor and photoelectric sensor, among which, The line structured light vision sensor is provided on the inner and outer sides of the track, and each line structured light vision sensor includes a multi-line laser and an industrial camera; The photoelectric sensor is arranged beside the track. When the wheelset to be measured passes by, the photoelectric sensor is triggered, and the line structured light vision sensor is started to collect images of the wheelset to be measured.
2. The wheelset diameter measurement system based on multi-line structured light according to claim 1, characterized in that: The multi-line laser has a wavelength of 650nm, a power of 30mW, a divergence angle of ≤0.5°, and projects multiple parallel light strips covering the full width of the wheelset tread being measured.
3. The wheelset diameter measurement system based on multi-line structured light according to claim 1, characterized in that: The working distance of the industrial camera is 270 mm ± 10 mm, and the field of view covers an area of 80 × 60 mm.
4. The wheelset diameter measurement system based on multi-line structured light according to claim 1, characterized in that: The laser plane projected by the multi-line laser forms an angle of 45° with the axis of the wheelset being measured.
5. The wheelset diameter measurement system based on multi-line structured light according to claim 1, characterized in that: The multi-line laser is provided with a narrowband filter.
6. The wheelset diameter measurement system based on multi-line structured light according to claim 1, characterized in that: The line structured light vision sensor is arranged in an IP67 protection box, and a temperature control module is also arranged in the IP67 protection box.