Real-time measurement system for lithium battery thermal runaway particulate matter characteristics

Abstract

The invention discloses a lithium battery thermal runaway particulate matter characteristic real-time measurement system, which comprises a battery container provided with an air inlet and a discharge outlet; a thermal runaway triggering device; an inlet of the air exhaust main pipe is connected with the discharge outlet; the main pipe air extracting device is connected with an outlet of the air extracting main pipe; the air compressor is connected with an inlet of the air exhaust branch pipe; the branch pipe air extracting device is connected with an outlet of the air extracting branch pipe; an inlet of the communicating pipe is connected with the air exhaust main pipe, and an outlet is connected with the air exhaust branch pipe; the measuring device is connected with the air exhaust branch pipe through a measuring pipe, and the connecting position of the measuring pipe and the air exhaust branch pipe is located between the communicating pipe and the branch pipe air exhaust device. According to the real-time measurement system for the thermal runaway particulate matter characteristics of the lithium battery, the particulate matter characteristics can be measured in real time, and the system has the advantages of being good in accuracy, good in reliability and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of lithium battery thermal runaway testing, and in particular to a real-time measurement system for the characteristics of lithium battery thermal runaway particle matter. Background Art

[0002] The particles released during thermal runaway in lithium-ion batteries are a complex mixture formed by the decomposition, volatilization, and combustion of electrolytes, cathode and anode materials, and binders. A thorough understanding of the characteristics of these particles is crucial for assessing thermal runaway risks, optimizing battery safety designs, and developing effective thermal runaway warning and prevention measures.

[0003] The method for analyzing the characteristics of lithium battery thermal runaway particle matter in related technologies is to collect the particle matter generated by thermal runaway through a filter membrane, and then use light scattering and scanning electron microscopy to perform offline sampling and analysis of the thermal runaway particle matter. However, the measurement results of this method are relatively delayed, making it difficult to capture the transient characteristics of the thermal runaway process and unable to obtain dynamic information on the changes in particle characteristics over time. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention aims to address at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. To this end, the present invention provides a real-time measurement system for the characteristics of particulate matter during thermal runaway of a lithium battery. This system can measure the characteristics of particulate matter in real time with high accuracy and reliability.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, according to an embodiment of the present invention, a real-time measurement system for the thermal runaway particle characteristics of a lithium battery is proposed, the real-time measurement system for the thermal runaway particle characteristics of a lithium battery comprising: a battery container, the battery container being suitable for accommodating lithium batteries, the battery container being provided with an air inlet and an exhaust port; a thermal runaway triggering device, the thermal runaway triggering device being suitable for triggering thermal runaway of the lithium battery; an exhaust main pipe and an exhaust branch pipe, the inlet of the exhaust main pipe being connected to the exhaust port; a main pipe exhaust device, the main pipe exhaust device being connected to the outlet of the exhaust main pipe; an air compressor, the air compressor being connected to the inlet of the exhaust branch pipe; a branch pipe exhaust device, the branch pipe exhaust device being connected to the outlet of the exhaust branch pipe; a connecting pipe, the inlet of the connecting pipe being connected to the exhaust main pipe and the outlet being connected to the exhaust branch pipe; a measuring device, the measuring device being connected to the exhaust branch pipe via a measuring pipe, and the connection between the measuring pipe and the exhaust branch pipe being located between the connecting pipe and the branch pipe exhaust device.

[0006] The real-time measurement system for the thermal runaway particle characteristics of a lithium battery according to an embodiment of the present invention can measure the particle characteristics in real time and has the advantages of good accuracy and reliability.

[0007] In addition, the real-time measurement system for the characteristics of lithium battery thermal runaway particulate matter according to the above embodiment of the present invention may also have the following additional technical features:

[0008] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the air inlet is provided with a filtering device.

[0009] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the filter device is configured to conduct electricity unidirectionally from outside the battery container to inside the battery container.

[0010] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the real-time measurement system for the thermal runaway particle characteristics of a lithium battery further includes: a main pipe flowmeter, which is arranged on the exhaust main pipe and located between the connecting pipe and the main pipe exhaust device; a branch pipe inlet flowmeter, which is arranged on the exhaust branch pipe and located between the connecting pipe and the air compressor; and a branch pipe outlet flowmeter, which is arranged on the exhaust branch pipe and located between the measuring pipe and the branch pipe exhaust device.

[0011] According to one embodiment of the present invention, there are multiple measuring devices and they are spaced apart along the length direction of the exhaust branch pipe. The multiple measuring devices are suitable for detecting different characteristics of particulate matter.

[0012] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the diameter of the main air extraction pipe is greater than or equal to the diameter of the branch air extraction pipe.

[0013] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the connection between the connecting pipe and the air extraction branch pipe is spaced apart from the air compressor.

[0014] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the connection between the communicating pipe and the main exhaust pipe is spaced apart from the battery container.

[0015] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the connection point between the connecting pipe and the main exhaust pipe is spaced from the battery container by more than or equal to 50 centimeters.

[0016] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the ratio of the flow rate of the air compressor to the flow rate in the connecting pipe is greater than or equal to 100.

[0017] Additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description which follows, or may be learned by practice of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily understood from the following description of the embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0019] Figure 13 is a schematic structural diagram of a real-time measurement system for lithium battery thermal runaway particle characteristics according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 1: Real-time measurement system for thermal runaway particle characteristics of lithium batteries 1, battery container 10, air inlet 11, exhaust port 12, exhaust main pipe 20, exhaust branch pipe 30, main pipe exhaust device 40, air compressor 50, branch pipe exhaust device 60, connecting pipe 70, measuring device 80, measuring pipe 81, main pipe flowmeter 91, branch pipe inlet flowmeter 92, branch pipe outlet flowmeter 93. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] This application is based on the inventor's discovery and understanding of the following facts and problems:

[0022] The method for analyzing the characteristics of lithium battery thermal runaway particle matter in related technologies is to collect the particle matter generated by thermal runaway through a filter membrane, and then use light scattering and scanning electron microscopy to perform offline sampling and analysis of the thermal runaway particle matter. However, the measurement results of this method are relatively delayed, making it difficult to capture the transient characteristics of the thermal runaway process and unable to obtain dynamic information on the changes in particle characteristics over time.

[0023] Specifically, some lithium battery thermal runaway particle characteristic analysis devices in the related art perform real-time detection of particle matter by directly exporting the particle matter generated during the thermal runaway of the lithium battery to the particle matter detection device. However, the inventors of this application found that due to different types of lithium batteries, the concentration of particle matter generated by thermal runaway is also different. The concentration of particle matter generated during the thermal runaway of some lithium batteries is too high, and the detection accuracy of the detection device for the directly exported particle matter is insufficient, and the concentration may even exceed the measurement range of the detection device. If a unified dilution method is used, the concentration of particle matter generated by the thermal runaway of some lithium batteries will be relatively small, which will also affect the detection accuracy.

[0024] The following describes embodiments of the present invention in detail. Examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals throughout represent the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are intended only to explain the present invention and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0025] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential" and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. In addition, features defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of such features. In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, "multiple" means two or more.

[0026] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, they may refer to fixed, detachable, or integral connections; mechanical or electrical connections; direct or indirect connections through an intermediate medium; and internal communication between two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention based on specific circumstances.

[0027] The following describes a real-time measurement system 1 for characteristics of particulate matter in a lithium battery with thermal runaway according to an embodiment of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0028] like Figure 1 As shown, a real-time measurement system 1 for the thermal runaway particle characteristics of a lithium battery according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a battery container 10, a thermal runaway triggering device, an exhaust main pipe 20, an exhaust branch pipe 30, a main exhaust device 40, an air compressor 50, a branch exhaust device 60, a connecting pipe 70 and a measuring device 80.

[0029] The battery container 10 is suitable for accommodating lithium batteries, and the battery container 10 is provided with an air inlet 11 and an exhaust port 12. The thermal runaway trigger device is suitable for triggering thermal runaway of the lithium battery. The inlet of the exhaust main pipe 20 is connected to the exhaust port 12. The main exhaust device 40 is connected to the outlet of the exhaust main pipe 20. The air compressor 50 is connected to the inlet of the exhaust branch pipe 30. The branch exhaust device 60 is connected to the outlet of the exhaust branch pipe 30. The inlet of the connecting pipe 70 is connected to the exhaust main pipe 20 and the outlet is connected to the exhaust branch pipe 30. The measuring device 80 is connected to the exhaust branch pipe 30 through the measuring pipe 81, and the connection between the measuring pipe 81 and the exhaust branch pipe 30 is located between the connecting pipe 70 and the branch exhaust device 60.

[0030] Specifically, a temperature measuring device for measuring the temperature of the lithium battery is further provided in the battery container 10 to facilitate monitoring of temperature changes during the thermal runaway process.

[0031] The thermal runaway triggering device includes one or more of a heating device, a charging cable, and a puncture device to trigger thermal runaway through thermal abuse, electrical abuse, and mechanical abuse of the lithium battery.

[0032] The battery container 10 has a certain space therein and is suitable for accommodating lithium batteries of different models so that particulate matter generated by thermal runaway of the lithium batteries can be discharged into the battery container 10 .

[0033] The measuring device 80 can be used to detect one or more characteristics of the particulate matter, such as type, size, and concentration.

[0034] During the test, firstly, the main exhaust device 40, the air compressor 50 and the branch exhaust device 60 are set to the specified flow rate according to the required dilution ratio. The air flow direction is as follows: Figure 1 As shown. The thermal runaway triggering device triggers thermal runaway in the lithium battery. Particle emissions from the lithium battery enter the exhaust main pipe 20. A portion is extracted through the outlet of the exhaust main pipe 20 by the main exhaust device 40, while a portion enters the exhaust branch pipe 30 through the connecting pipe 70. There, they mix with the gas provided by the air compressor 50 and flow toward the outlet of the exhaust branch pipe 30. During this process, some particles pass through the measuring tube 81 and enter the measuring device 80 for particle characteristics detection.

[0035] The dilution ratio of the thermal runaway emissions of the lithium battery at the measuring device 80 can be calculated based on the flow ratio of the main exhaust device 40, the air compressor 50 and the branch exhaust device 60, thereby inferring the original characteristics of the lithium battery particle emissions through the detection value of the measuring device 80.

[0036] According to the real-time measurement system 1 for the characteristics of particulate matter in thermal runaway of a lithium battery according to an embodiment of the present invention, by providing a battery container 10, an exhaust main pipe 20, an exhaust branch pipe 30, a connecting pipe 70 and a measuring device 80, particulate matter generated during the combustion of the lithium battery can be guided to the measuring device 80, and the characteristics of the particulate matter can be detected in real time by using the measuring device 80, thereby realizing real-time detection of the characteristics of particulate matter in thermal runaway of the lithium battery. Compared with the method of collecting particulate matter through a filter membrane and then detecting it in the related art, it is convenient to capture the transient characteristics of particulate matter in the thermal runaway process, facilitate obtaining dynamic information of particulate matter characteristics and time changes, and avoid the lag of particulate matter measurement results.

[0037] Furthermore, by providing an exhaust main pipe 20 and an exhaust branch pipe 30, particulate matter generated by thermal runaway of the lithium battery can be allowed to enter the exhaust main pipe 20 and the exhaust branch pipe 30 respectively, and a main exhaust device 40, an air compressor 50 and a branch exhaust device 60 are provided on the exhaust main pipe 20 and the exhaust branch pipe 30 respectively. By adjusting the flow ratio of the main exhaust device 40, the air compressor 50 and the branch exhaust device 60, the flow ratio in the exhaust main pipe 20 and the exhaust branch pipe 30 can be adjusted, thereby adjusting the concentration of particulate matter entering the measuring tube 81 and the measuring device 80, avoiding the detection accuracy of the measuring device 80 being affected by excessively high or low concentration, avoiding the concentration exceeding the measurement range of the measuring device 80, and improving the detection accuracy. In addition, the high-temperature emissions can be fully cooled when reaching the measuring device 80, avoiding the measuring device 80 being damaged due to high temperature, and improving the reliability of the real-time measurement system 1 for the characteristics of particulate matter of thermal runaway of lithium batteries.

[0038] In addition, due to the thermal runaway of the lithium battery, all the particulate matter generated will be introduced into the exhaust main pipe 20 under the action of the main exhaust device 40. A part of the particulate matter entering the exhaust main pipe 20 will then enter the exhaust branch pipe 30, the measuring tube 81 and the measuring device 80. The particulate matter is in a relatively closed process before being detected, avoiding the leakage of particulate matter to the outside and causing measurement errors, thereby ensuring the accuracy and reliability when using the detection value of the measuring device 80 to reversely infer the original characteristics.

[0039] Therefore, the real-time measurement system 1 for the characteristics of particulate matter in thermal runaway lithium batteries according to the embodiment of the present invention can measure the characteristics of particulate matter in real time, and has the advantages of good accuracy and reliability.

[0040] The following describes a real-time measurement system 1 for characteristics of particulate matter in a lithium battery with thermal runaway according to a specific embodiment of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0041] In some specific embodiments of the present invention, Figure 1 As shown, a real-time measurement system 1 for the thermal runaway particle characteristics of a lithium battery according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a battery container 10, a thermal runaway triggering device, an exhaust main pipe 20, an exhaust branch pipe 30, a main exhaust device 40, an air compressor 50, a branch exhaust device 60, a connecting pipe 70 and a measuring device 80.

[0042] Advantageously, the air inlet 11 is provided with a filtering device, so as to prevent particles in the air from entering the battery container 10 and affecting the accuracy of the detection results of the measuring device 80 .

[0043] More advantageously, the filtering device is configured to conduct air in a unidirectional manner from outside the battery container 10 to inside the battery container 10. This allows air to be replenished into the battery container 10 after negative pressure is formed within the battery container 10. This not only ensures the continuity of the measurement process but also prevents particulate matter from escaping from the air inlet 11. This prevents particulate matter from spilling out and affecting the test results, and also facilitates the centralized collection of particulate matter to avoid environmental pollution.

[0044] Specifically, if Figure 1 As shown, the real-time measurement system 1 for the characteristics of particulate matter in thermal runaway of a lithium battery further includes a main flowmeter 91, a branch pipe inlet flowmeter 92, and a branch pipe outlet flowmeter 93. The main flowmeter 91 is provided on the exhaust main pipe 20 and is located between the connecting pipe 70 and the main exhaust device 40. The branch pipe inlet flowmeter 92 is provided on the exhaust branch pipe 30 and is located between the connecting pipe 70 and the air compressor 50. The branch pipe inlet flowmeter 92 is provided on the exhaust branch pipe 30 and is located between the measuring pipe 81 and the branch exhaust device 60. This facilitates detection of the flow at the main exhaust device 40, the air compressor 50, and the branch exhaust device 60, facilitates control of the flow ratio of the main exhaust device 40, the air compressor 50, and the branch exhaust device 60, and thereby facilitates control of the flow ratio within the exhaust main pipe 20 and the exhaust branch pipe 30.

[0045] More specifically, the ratio of the flow rate of the air compressor 50 to the flow rate in the connecting pipe 70 is greater than or equal to 100. This can ensure that the particulate matter has a sufficient dilution ratio to prevent the excessive concentration from affecting the detection of the measuring device 80.

[0046] Furthermore, the flow rate of the air compressor 50 may be an integer multiple of the flow rate in the measuring tube 81 so as to infer the original characteristics of the lithium battery emissions through the detection values ​​of the measuring device 80 .

[0047] Alternatively, as Figure 1 As shown, there are multiple measuring devices 80 spaced apart along the length of the exhaust branch pipe 30. The multiple measuring devices 80 are suitable for detecting different characteristics of particulate matter. This facilitates the detection of different characteristics of particulate matter by multiple measuring devices 80, facilitating comprehensive analysis of the particulate matter.

[0048] Figure 1 The following shows a real-time measurement system 1 for the characteristics of thermal runaway particles in lithium batteries according to some examples of the present invention. Figure 1 As shown, the diameter of the air extraction main pipe 20 is greater than or equal to the diameter of the air extraction branch pipe 30. This makes it easier to dilute the particulate emissions, thereby facilitating measurement by the measuring device 80.

[0049] Advantageously, as Figure 1As shown, the connection between the connecting pipe 70 and the exhaust branch pipe 30 is spaced apart from the air compressor 50. This allows the air sent into the exhaust branch pipe 30 by the air compressor 50 to stabilize for a distance before mixing with the particulate matter discharged from the connecting pipe 70 into the exhaust branch pipe 30, thereby improving the uniformity of the mixing of airflow and particulate matter and the accuracy of the detection results.

[0050] Specifically, the measuring tube 81 and the connecting tube 70 are spaced apart to leave space for the mixing of air and particulate matter, so that the air and particulate matter are fully mixed before entering the measuring tube 81 and the measuring device 80, thereby improving the accuracy of the detection results.

[0051] More advantageously, if Figure 1 As shown, the connection between the connecting pipe 70 and the exhaust main pipe 20 is spaced apart from the battery container 10. This allows the high-temperature particulate emissions to be fully cooled before entering the connecting pipe 70 and the exhaust branch pipe 30, avoiding damage to subsequent devices.

[0052] Optionally, the connection between the connecting pipe 70 and the exhaust main pipe 20 is spaced at least 50 cm from the battery container 10. This allows sufficient cooling space for the high-temperature particulate matter to be cooled.

[0053] Specifically, the air compressor 50 may be integrated with a filtering device to prevent external particles from affecting the detection results.

[0054] Other components and operations of the real-time measurement system 1 for the characteristics of thermal runaway particles in lithium batteries according to the embodiment of the present invention are well known to those skilled in the art and will not be described in detail here.

[0055] Throughout this specification, reference to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "illustrative embodiments," "examples," "specific examples," or "some examples" means that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in conjunction with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, illustrative uses of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

[0056] While embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, and that the scope of the invention is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A real-time measurement system for the characteristics of thermal runaway particles in lithium batteries, characterized in that: include: A battery container, wherein the battery container is suitable for accommodating lithium batteries and is provided with an air inlet and an exhaust port; A thermal runaway triggering device, adapted to trigger thermal runaway of the lithium battery; an air extraction main pipe and an air extraction branch pipe, wherein the inlet of the air extraction main pipe is connected to the discharge port; A main exhaust device, the main exhaust device being connected to the outlet of the exhaust main pipe; an air compressor connected to the inlet of the air extraction branch pipe; A branch pipe exhaust device, the branch pipe exhaust device is connected to the outlet of the exhaust branch pipe; a connecting pipe, the inlet of the connecting pipe being connected to the main exhaust pipe and the outlet of the connecting pipe being connected to the branch exhaust pipe; A measuring device is connected to the air extraction branch pipe through a measuring tube, and the connection between the measuring tube and the air extraction branch pipe is located between the connecting pipe and the branch pipe air extraction device.

2. The real-time measurement system for the characteristics of thermal runaway particles in lithium batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that: The air inlet is provided with a filtering device.

3. The real-time measurement system for the characteristics of thermal runaway particles in lithium batteries according to claim 2, characterized in that: The filter device is configured to conduct unidirectionally from outside the battery container to inside the battery container.

4. The real-time measurement system for the characteristics of thermal runaway particles in lithium batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also includes: a main pipe flow meter, the main pipe flow meter being provided on the exhaust main pipe and located between the connecting pipe and the main pipe exhaust device; a branch pipe inlet flowmeter, the branch pipe inlet flowmeter being provided on the exhaust branch pipe and located between the connecting pipe and the air compressor; A branch pipe outlet flowmeter is provided on the exhaust branch pipe and is located between the measuring pipe and the branch pipe exhaust device.

5. The real-time measurement system for the characteristics of thermal runaway particles in lithium batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that: There are multiple measuring devices and they are spaced apart along the length direction of the exhaust branch pipe. The multiple measuring devices are suitable for detecting different characteristics of particulate matter.

6. The real-time measurement system for the characteristics of thermal runaway particles in lithium batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that: The diameter of the main air extraction pipe is greater than or equal to the diameter of the branch air extraction pipe.

7. The real-time measurement system for the characteristics of thermal runaway particles in lithium batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that: The connection point between the communicating pipe and the air extraction branch pipe is spaced apart from the air compressor.

8. The real-time measurement system for the characteristics of thermal runaway particles in lithium batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that: The connection point between the communicating pipe and the main exhaust pipe is spaced apart from the battery container.

9. The real-time measurement system for the characteristics of thermal runaway particles in lithium batteries according to claim 8, characterized in that: The connection between the connecting pipe and the exhaust main pipe is spaced from the battery container by more than or equal to 50 centimeters.

10. The real-time measurement system for the characteristics of thermal runaway particles in lithium batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ratio of the flow rate of the air compressor to the flow rate in the connecting pipe is greater than or equal to 100.

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