Ecological scheduling method based on fish breeding requirements and application

Abstract

The invention discloses an ecological scheduling method based on fish breeding requirements and application, and belongs to the technical field of environmental protection of water conservancy and hydropower engineering. The method pertinently solves the problem of protection of the fishes laying the sticky demersal eggs, quantifies the dynamic response relationship between the water level amplitude (near-end factor) and the water temperature and flow velocity (terminal factor) for the first time by establishing a population reproduction characteristic adaptation domain model (omega (pi)), and breaks through the limitation that traditional ecological scheduling only pays attention to single hydrological indexes; multi-target collaborative optimization is realized, and the model is dynamically adjusted through delta H (t), so that balance is achieved between engineering requirements of flood control, power generation, water supply and the like and ecological protection; through near-end factor monitoring and terminal factor feedback, the water level adjustment amount delta H (t) is corrected in real time, and the response speed is increased compared with a traditional method; control time periods are divided according to the key process of the fish life history, the water level variable amplitude limit value in the spawning period is more accurate, and an innovative technical method is provided for ecological scheduling of water conservancy projects.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of environmental protection of water conservancy and hydropower projects, and in particular to an ecological scheduling method based on fish reproduction needs and its application. Background Art

[0002] Currently, in the relevant field, a Chinese invention patent with publication number CN119599306A discloses a method for selecting target objects for reservoir ecological scheduling targeting fish that lay sticky eggs in a reservoir area. This method includes obtaining species composition, resource information, and reproductive habit characteristics of fish that lay sticky eggs in the reservoir area; determining a first assessment result for each category in the species composition information based on first assessment information, species composition information, resource information, and reproductive habit characteristics; performing a correlation analysis on the first assessment information based on the first assessment result to obtain second assessment information; obtaining a second assessment result for each category in the species composition information based on the second assessment information and the first assessment results for each category in the species composition information; and determining the target object for reservoir ecological scheduling targeting fish that lay sticky eggs in the reservoir area based on the second assessment result. This method facilitates the development of targeted ecological scheduling plans, thereby playing a positive role in mitigating the adverse effects of reservoir operation and ensuring the natural reproduction of target fish in the reservoir area. The Chinese invention patent, publication number CN119228167A, provides a reservoir ecological scheduling method for the natural reproduction of fish that lay sticky eggs below the dam. The method includes: obtaining natural reproduction information of fish that lay sticky eggs below the dam, the natural reproduction information including the reproduction species composition; determining the scheduling species composition of the ecological scheduling target fish based on the reproduction species composition and screening information; determining the distribution information of the spawning grounds of the ecological scheduling target fish below the dam after the dam is built based on the scheduling species composition, and determining the ecological scheduling target river section based on the distribution information; determining the reservoir scheduling information of the ecological scheduling target fish based on the scheduling species composition; and performing reservoir ecological scheduling based on the hydrological scheduling information. The above technical solution can alleviate the adverse effects of reservoir scheduling on the natural reproduction of fish that lay sticky eggs below the dam, is conducive to ensuring the natural reproduction of fish that lay sticky eggs below the dam, and promotes the natural reproduction activities of fish that lay sticky eggs.

[0003] However, the above methods mainly proposed the target fish breeding information (species composition, breeding habits, etc.) of ecological scheduling, as well as the suitable water temperature, suitable flow, and suitable water level fluctuation during the breeding period, which are all common knowledge in this professional and technical field. They do not solve the problem of the operation of hydropower stations or reservoirs during operation. fishThis paper addresses the multi-objective collaborative optimization problem of fish reproduction needs and engineering scheduling (flood control, power generation, water supply, etc.). In the process of determining whether hydrological scheduling information meets the feasibility requirements for reservoir implementation, if the feasibility requirements are met, an ecological scheduling plan is determined based on the hydrological scheduling information. Reservoir ecological scheduling is carried out according to the ecological scheduling plan, and the reservoir ecological scheduling plan is determined. However, no specific scheduling method is further provided. The key to reservoir scheduling is to regulate the water level and control the fluctuation of the water level in the reservoir area or river channel. The water level changes need to fall exactly within the adaptation range of fish reproduction characteristics. Existing technologies also do not include hydrological information, hydropower station scheduling information, etc., and in particular, lack measured water level data. Critical periods such as the reproduction or development of fish that lay sticky eggs are particularly sensitive to water level changes.

[0004] Therefore, from the perspective of protecting the genetic diversity of indigenous fish, it is necessary to combine the impact of changes in the hydrological situation caused by the operation of hydropower stations on fish spawning grounds, and strengthen the protection of fish resources that lay sticky eggs through ecological scheduling measures. This is equivalent to finding a balance between hydropower stations (generating more electricity) and fish (maintaining reproduction), allowing the fish to survive while minimizing the loss of power generation. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the above-mentioned defects of the prior art, in a first aspect of the present invention, a multi-objective collaborative optimization, fast response, and accurate ecological scheduling method based on fish reproduction needs is provided, comprising the following steps: (1) Construct a set of sticky egg-laying indigenous fish populations (P), that is, P = {p1, p2, ..., p n} or ∀p i ∈P, where each pᵢ represents a fish species that needs protection. Different species may have very different environmental requirements. The key processes (t) in the life history of fish populations are understood. The environmental factors that directly affect population reproduction, such as water temperature (T) and water flow (F), are used as terminal factors. (2) During the operation of the hydropower station, the water level (H) fluctuation factor is used as the proximal factor, and H(t) represents the water level situation at period t. Severe water level fluctuations (proximal factors) will flood the spawning grounds or expose fish eggs, larvae, and juveniles, directly threatening reproduction; (3) Identify the range of factors that cause changes in fish population reproduction, balance the reproduction needs of fish populations with the external environment through ecological scheduling of hydropower stations, confirm the corresponding changes in fish reproduction technology, ensure the normal expression of fish population life history, and minimize the energy consumption due to water level changes; Ecological regulation includes proximal factor adjustment, ΔH(t) is the water level adjustment to protect fish, with positive values ​​raising the water level and negative values ​​lowering it, and flow regulation achieved through gate opening control of hydropower stations; (4) Construct a specific terminal factor range for the reproductive characteristics of each fish population, and adjust the proximal factor so that the terminal factor is maintained within the fish reproductive characteristics adaptation domain (Ω(p i )); (5) Construct a practical ecological scheduling plan based on the obtained information.

[0006] Preferably, in step (1), the key processes in the life history of the fish population are understood through investigation of the reproductive habits of the indigenous fish, and then the maximum adaptability of the fish to the habitat of the terminal factors is determined; the periods of the key processes include gonadal development, maturation, spawning, and early development of juveniles of the broodstock.

[0007] Preferably, in step (2), the proximal factors exert their effects by affecting the terminal factors, thereby affecting the fish breeding technology.

[0008] Preferably, in step (2), when the key process in the life history of the sticky egg-laying fish population is long, the water level fluctuation process suitable for each month should be determined.

[0009] It is further preferred to use fish spawning grounds as ecological control units, analyze the fish species composition of the spawning grounds and the needs of various populations for terminal factors; count the natural water level fluctuations of the ecological control units, including hourly water level fluctuations and average daily water level fluctuations; and use the measured data of hydrological stations near the fish spawning grounds for at least 5 consecutive years to count the measured data of daily water level fluctuations, and use the duration curve method to calculate the monthly daily water level fluctuations from January to December with a guarantee rate of 50%, 75%, 90% and 95%; the principle of daily water level fluctuations in the spawning grounds requires that the natural water level fluctuations be controlled within a guaranteed rate of 90% or more for spawning of broodstock gonads and early development of juveniles, to avoid sudden rises and falls in water levels caused by unstable flows, maintain a stable water level in the downstream river, and reduce the impact of the discharge of water from the hydropower station on the downstream hydrological situation; the gonad development and maturity period of broodstock are controlled at a guaranteed rate of 50% or more to maintain a relatively stable water level in the downstream river and reduce the risk of broodstock stranding.

[0010] Preferably, in step (3), the ecological scheduling satisfies ∃ΔH(t)∈H avbl (t), H avbl (t) is the water level adjustment range allowed by the engineering capacity of the hydropower station; it means that there is at least one water level adjustment that can meet the breeding needs of all fish, and the water level adjustment must be within the operating range allowed by the hydropower station.

[0011] Preferably, in step (3), minΣ|ΔH(t)-H is satisfied normal (t)| represents the absolute value of the water level adjustment in the key process of the fish population life history, which is to minimize the interference with the power generation plan while meeting the fish reproduction needs; where Hnormal (t) is the benchmark water level set by the hydropower station based on power generation demand without considering ecological needs. This water level fluctuation may flood fish spawning grounds and needs to be adjusted through ΔH(t).

[0012] Further preferably, the ecological scheduling priority calculation formula is Σ(ω i ·S i ); where ω i is the endangered coefficient of the population, S i =1-exp(-|ΔH(t) / H normal (t)|).

[0013] Preferably, in step (3), the corresponding changes in fish breeding technology are based on T h (p i ), F h (p i ) represents; where T h (p i ) is the water level change with respect to p i The influence of water temperature in the waters where the species is located, F h (p i ) is the effect of water level changes on the flow velocity in the waters where species pᵢ are located. Water level changes will indirectly change water temperature and flow velocity through hydrodynamic processes (terminal factor).

[0014] Further preferably, in step (4), [T h (p i )(ΔH(t)),F h (p i )(ΔH(t))]∈Ω(p i ), indicating that by adjusting the water level ΔH(t), the change in the terminal factor caused by the water level change is made to fall within the adaptation domain of fish reproduction characteristics.

[0015] Preferably, in step (4), the proximal factor is adjusted so that the terminal factor is maintained within the range adapted to the fish, Ω(pᵢ)=[T min (p i ), T max (p i )]×[F min (p i ), F max (p i )], for p i The reproductive characteristics of species are adapted to the domain; where [T min (p i ), T max (p i )] is species p i The water temperature range required for reproduction [minimum T min , the highest Tmax ];[F min (p i ), F max (p i )] is species p i The water flow range required for reproduction [minimum F min , highest F max ]; “×” represents the combination of two ranges (Cartesian product). The reproduction requirement of each species is a multidimensional safety interval, and reproduction fails if it exceeds the safety interval.

[0016] In a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided an application of the ecological scheduling method based on fish reproduction needs of the first aspect of the present invention to the protection of fish resources that lay sticky eggs in a water conservancy and hydropower engineering environment.

[0017] Based on the above technical solutions, the design concept and principle of the present invention are as follows: The present invention addresses the problem of habitat degradation of fish that lay sticky eggs due to the operation of cascade reservoirs, and proposes an ecological scheduling method based on the coupling regulation of proximal factors and terminal factors, which has significant advantages over the existing technology.

[0018] During hydropower station operation, the outflow will cause water level fluctuations, potentially disrupting the maximum adaptability of fish habitats. Drastic water level fluctuations can flood spawning grounds or expose fish eggs, directly threatening fish reproduction. This design considers the factor that causes changes in fish population reproductive characteristics (water level, H) as a proximal factor, and represents the water level at time period t as H(t). Different populations have distinct life histories and respond differently to water level fluctuations. Therefore, corresponding changes in fish reproduction techniques are expressed as T. h (p i ), F h (p i ) is expressed. In order to protect the key processes of the fish population life history, identify the range of factors that cause changes in the population reproduction technology, and balance the population reproduction needs with the external environment through the ecological scheduling of the hydropower station, ensure the normal expression of the population life history, and minimize the energy consumption for water level changes. The terminal factor is an environmental factor that directly affects reproduction, while the proximal factor (water level) works by affecting the terminal factor, that is, water level changes may change the water flow rate or water temperature, thereby affecting the fish reproduction technology. In constructing an ecological scheduling method based on fish reproduction needs, the reproduction characteristics of each population have a specific terminal factor range. The water level fluctuation caused by the operation of the power station may exceed this range, resulting in the problem that the reproduction technology cannot be realized. By adjusting the proximal factor, the terminal factor can be maintained within the range of fish adaptation. After the design of the present invention, the ecological scheduling method satisfies (1)∀p i ∈P; (2) ∃ΔH(t)∈H avbl (t); (3) [T h (pi )(ΔH(t)),F h (p i )(ΔH(t))]∈Ω(p i ); (4) minΣ|ΔH(t)-H normal (t)|.

[0019] Based on the above design, the present invention specifically solves the problem of protecting fish that lay sticky eggs. By establishing a population reproduction characteristic adaptation domain model (Ω(pi)), the dynamic response relationship between water level fluctuation (proximal factor) and water temperature and flow rate (terminal factor) is quantified for the first time, breaking through the limitation of traditional scheduling that only focuses on a single hydrological indicator; multi-objective collaborative optimization is achieved, and through the ΔH(t) dynamic adjustment model, a balance is achieved between engineering needs such as flood control, power generation, and water supply and ecological protection; through proximal factor monitoring and terminal factor feedback, the water level adjustment amount ΔH(t) is corrected in real time, and the response speed is improved compared with traditional methods; the control period is divided according to the key processes in the life history of fish, and the water level fluctuation limit during the spawning period is more accurate, providing an innovative technical method for the ecological scheduling of water conservancy projects.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects: The present invention provides an ecological scheduling method based on fish reproduction needs, which has the advantages of multi-objective collaborative optimization, fast response speed and accuracy.

[0021] The present invention provides an application of an ecological scheduling method based on fish reproduction needs, which has broad application prospects in the field of water conservancy and hydropower engineering for the protection of fish resources that lay sticky eggs. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 This is a pattern diagram showing the changes in fish reproduction needs and environmental factors. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] The present invention is further illustrated by way of examples below, but the present invention is not limited to the scope of the examples. Experimental methods in the following examples where specific conditions are not specified were performed according to conventional methods and conditions, or selected according to the product specifications.

[0024] The location selected in the implementation method is a comprehensive utilization project of Reservoir A, which is mainly for flood control and combined with water supply, while taking into account power generation. There are two spawning grounds of sticky fish in the river section of the reservoir area, involving the experimental area of ​​the National Nature Reserve for Rare Aquatic Animals B.

[0025] According to the ecological scheduling method based on fish reproduction needs of the present invention, the reproduction of fish that lay sticky eggs is protected through the following specific ecological scheduling measures: (1) First, a basic survey of the river section and data preparation were carried out, and a special survey of the spawning grounds in the reservoir area was conducted to confirm that the main protected species were schizothorax and catfish that lay sticky eggs. A protected population set P = {p1 (schizothorax), p2 (catfish)} was constructed; the key processes (t) in the population life history were mastered, including the spawning period (April to June), the gonad development period (March), and the juvenile development period (July); water temperature and water flow were used as terminal factors; (2) During the operation of the hydropower station, the water level fluctuation factor (H) is used as the proximal factor, and H(t) is used to represent the water level situation at period t; Terminal factors are environmental factors that directly affect reproduction, while proximal factors (water level) work by affecting terminal factors. That is, changes in water level may change water flow speed or water temperature, thereby affecting fish reproduction technology. The pattern diagram of fish reproduction needs and changes in environmental factors is as follows: Figure 1 As shown; Figure 1 In the figure, box A shows the reproductive habits of the indigenous fish in the river section, consisting of reproductive characteristic 1 of population 1, reproductive characteristic 2 of population 2, and so on, and reproductive characteristic i of population i. The vertical axis represents the terminal factor for each population's reproductive characteristics (1, 2, ..., i), with the range of expression represented by the curve. The horizontal axis represents the population's life history, including key processes (such as broodstock gonad development, maturation, spawning, and early juvenile development), which can only vary within the range of this characteristic. After the hydropower station is operational, the expression of fish reproductive techniques depends on the environmental conditions in which the population exists. The sudden rise and fall of water levels caused by the downstream ecological flow will disrupt the maximum adaptability of fish habitats. The fluctuating arrows represent the proximal factor (water level) that causes changes in the reproductive characteristics of fish populations. Through five consecutive years of hydrological monitoring, the daily water level fluctuations in the spawning river section were calculated and the diachronic curve method was used to determine: ① During the spawning period (April to June), the daily water level fluctuation is ≤0.8 m with a 90% guaranteed rate; ② During the gonadal development period (March), the 50% guaranteed daily water level fluctuation is ≤1.2 m; ③ During the juvenile development period (July), the daily water level fluctuation is ≤0.6 m with a 90% guarantee rate; (3) Identify the range of factors that cause changes in population reproduction, balance the population reproduction needs with the external environment through ecological scheduling of hydropower stations, confirm the corresponding changes in fish breeding technology, ensure the normal expression of the population life history, and minimize the energy consumption due to water level changes; (4) Establishing the terminal factor adaptation domain: Ω(p1)=[water temperature 16~20℃]×[flow velocity 0.3~0.8 m / s]; Ω(p2)=[water temperature 14~18℃]×[flow velocity 0.2~0.6 m / s]; Based on the topographic characteristics of the spawning grounds (the deep pool is 372.35m high and the beach is 376-380m high), a three-level water level control system is established: ① Basic water level layer (376 m): corresponding to the flow velocity threshold of 0.3 m / s during the spawning period; ② Buffer adjustment layer (376±0.5 m): allows intraday amplitude control; ③ Emergency protection layer (375.5 m): minimum guaranteed water level in extreme situations; (5) Construct an ecological scheduling plan based on the obtained information: Annual installment scheduling: ① From January to February, the water level was controlled at 400 m, with a water level fluctuation limit of ≤1.5 m / d. The terminal factor target was to maintain a wintering water temperature ≥8°C, corresponding to the key process of the population, namely, the overwintering of broodstock. ② In March, the water level was controlled at 378 m, the water level fluctuation was limited to ≤1.2 m / d, and the terminal factor target was a water temperature gradient rise of ≤0.5°C / d, corresponding to the key population process of gonad development. ③ From April to June, the water level was controlled at 376 m, with a water level fluctuation limit of ≤0.8 m / d. The terminal factor target was a stable flow velocity between 0.3 and 0.6 m / s, corresponding to the key population processes of spawning and egg attachment. ④ In July, the water level was controlled at 377 m, the water level fluctuation was limited to ≤0.6 m / d, the terminal factor target was a flow velocity ≤0.4 m / s, and the key process for the corresponding population was juvenile shelter; ⑤ From August to December, the water level was controlled at 384–400 m, with the water level fluctuation limited to ≤1.0 m / d. The terminal factor target was to avoid a temperature drop >1°C / d, and the key process for the corresponding population was fattening of adult fish.

[0026] In the actual ecological scheduling process, a dynamic control mechanism is established based on the method provided by the present invention, including the following contents: ① Establish ΔH(t) adjustment model: minΣ|ΔH(t)-H normal (t)|; st [T h (p i )(ΔH(t)),F h (p i )(ΔH(t))]∈Ω(p i ),∀p i ∈P; ∃ΔH(t)∈H avbl (t)=[-1.5 m, +0.5 m] (gate adjustment capacity range).

[0027] ②Implement dual-channel monitoring: Proximal factor monitoring: 6 water level gauges are deployed to monitor the changes in ΔH(t) in real time; Terminal factor feedback: 12 hydrological-ecological joint observation points are set up to collect water temperature and flow rate data every 2 hours.

[0028] Considering that the function of Reservoir A is mainly flood control, combined with water supply and power generation, factors and other parameters are combined in the implementation to carry out flood control-ecological coordinated scheduling and power generation-ecological coordination mechanism.

[0029] The flood control-ecological coordinated dispatch adopts an improved graded flood discharge strategy: ① Incoming water flow Q≤2400 m 3 / s, discharge according to the incoming water, and keep ΔH≤0.3 m fluctuation; ②Incoming water flow 2400 <Q≤3600 m 3 / s, controlled discharge 2400 m 3 / s, the base water level is restored within 12 hours after flood discharge; ③Incoming water flow 3600 <Q≤5700 m 3 / s, controlled discharge 3600 m 3 / s, activate the ecological spillway to reduce water turbulence; ④ Inflow flow Q>5700 m 3 / s, open discharge 4200 m 3 / s, and implement 72-hour steady flow compensation scheduling afterwards.

[0030] Power generation-ecological coordination mechanism: ① When setting the minimum generating head threshold of 16.5 m: When the net water head H ≥ 16.5 m: ΔH(t) adjustment is allowed; When 16.0 m≤H<16.5 m: limit ΔH(t)≤0.2 m; When H<16.0 m: stop power generation to prioritize ecological protection.

[0031] ② Establish a power generation loss compensation model: Ecological scheduling priority = Σ(ω i ·S i ); Among them, ω i is the endangered index of the population (schizothoracine = 0.6, catfish = 0.4); S i =1-exp(-|ΔH(t) / H normal (t)|).

[0032] The above ecological scheduling method based on fish reproduction needs was used to verify the implementation effect to observe the actual effect of this method in application. The implementation monitoring showed that: (1) The compliance rate of water level fluctuation in the spawning grounds increased from 62% before the renovation to 89%; (2) The spawning volume of schizothorax increased by 37% year-on-year, and the success rate of egg attachment increased to 78%; (3) The power generation loss caused by ecological scheduling is controlled within 4.2% of the annual power generation; (4) The number of days of natural flow in the river section of the reservoir area has been successfully maintained from an average of 98 days to 156 days per year.

[0033] In summary, the scheme fully realizes the core elements required in the technical scheme, such as proximal factor control, terminal factor adaptation domain maintenance, and multi-objective optimization, forming a replicable paradigm for the protection of sticky egg-laying fish and providing innovative technical methods for the ecological scheduling of water conservancy projects.

[0034] The above describes in detail the preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood that those skilled in the art can make numerous modifications and variations based on the concepts of the present invention without inventive effort. Therefore, any technical solutions that can be derived by those skilled in the art through logical analysis, reasoning, or limited experimentation based on the concepts of the present invention and the prior art should be within the scope of protection defined by the claims.

Claims

1. An ecological scheduling method based on fish reproduction needs, characterized in that: The steps include: (1) Construct a set of sticky egg-laying indigenous fish populations (P), that is, P = {p1, p2, ..., p n } or ∀p i ∈P; master the key process (t) of the life history of fish populations; take water temperature (T) and water flow (F), environmental factors that directly affect the reproductive characteristics of fish populations, as terminal factors; (2) During the operation of the hydropower station, the water level (H) amplitude factor is used as the proximal factor, and H(t) is used to represent the water level situation in period t; (3) Identify the range of factors that cause changes in fish population reproduction, balance the reproduction needs of fish populations with the external environment through ecological scheduling of hydropower stations, confirm the corresponding changes in fish reproduction technology, ensure the normal expression of fish population life history, and minimize the energy consumption due to water level changes; Ecological regulation includes proximal factor adjustment. ΔH(t) is the adjustment of water level to protect fish. Positive values ​​increase water level, while negative values ​​decrease it. (4) Construct a specific terminal factor range for the reproductive characteristics of each fish population, and adjust the proximal factor so that the terminal factor is maintained within the fish reproductive characteristics adaptation domain (Ω(p i )); (5) Construct a practical ecological scheduling plan based on the obtained information.

2. The ecological scheduling method based on fish reproduction needs according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In the step (1), the key processes in the life history of the fish population are understood through the investigation of the reproductive habits of the indigenous fish, and then the maximum adaptability of the fish to the habitat of the terminal factors is determined; the periods of the key processes include the development of the gonads of the broodstock, maturation, spawning, and early development of the juveniles.

3. The ecological scheduling method based on fish reproduction needs according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step (2), the proximal factors play a role by affecting the terminal factors, thereby affecting the fish breeding technology; When the key process in the life history of sticky egg-laying fish population is long, the appropriate water level fluctuation process for each month should be determined.

4. The ecological scheduling method based on fish reproduction needs according to claim 3 is characterized in that: Using fish spawning grounds as ecological control units, the composition of fish species in the spawning grounds and the demands of various populations for terminal factors were analyzed. The natural water level fluctuations in the ecological control units were calculated, including hourly and average daily water level fluctuations. Based on five or more consecutive years of measured data from hydrological stations near the fish spawning grounds, the daily water level fluctuations were calculated, and the monthly daily water level fluctuations from January to December were calculated using the duration curve method at 50%, 75%, 90%, and 95% assurance rates. The principle of daily water level fluctuations in spawning grounds requires that the fluctuations should not exceed the natural water level fluctuations. The daily water level fluctuations during spawning and early development of juveniles should be controlled within a guaranteed rate of 90% or more to avoid sudden rises and falls in water levels caused by unstable flows, maintain a stable water level in the downstream river, and reduce the impact of hydropower station discharge on the downstream hydrological situation. The daily water level fluctuations during spawning and maturation of broodstock should be controlled within a guaranteed rate of 50% or more to maintain a relatively stable water level in the downstream river and reduce the risk of broodstock stranding.

5. The ecological scheduling method based on fish reproduction needs according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step (3), the ecological scheduling satisfies ∃ΔH(t)∈H avbl (t), H avbl (t) is the water level adjustment range allowed by the engineering capacity of the hydropower station; it means that there is at least one water level adjustment that can meet the breeding needs of all fish, and the water level adjustment must be within the operating range allowed by the hydropower station.

6. The ecological scheduling method based on fish reproduction needs according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step (3), minΣ|ΔH(t)-H is satisfied normal (t)| represents the absolute value of the water level adjustment in the key process of the fish population life history, which minimizes the interference with the power generation plan while meeting the fish reproduction needs; where H normal (t) is the benchmark water level set by the hydropower station based on power generation demand without considering ecological needs. This water level fluctuation may flood fish spawning grounds and needs to be adjusted through ΔH(t).

7. The ecological scheduling method based on fish reproduction needs according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step (3), the corresponding changes in fish breeding technology are as follows: h (p i ), F h (p i ) represents; where T h (p i ) is the water level change with respect to p i The influence of water temperature in the waters where the species is located, F h (p i ) is the effect of water level change on the flow velocity in the waters where species pᵢ is located.

8. The ecological scheduling method based on fish reproduction needs according to claim 7 is characterized in that: In the step (4), [T h (p i )(ΔH(t)),F h (p i )(ΔH(t))]∈Ω(p i ), indicating that by adjusting the water level ΔH(t), the change in the terminal factor caused by the water level change is made to fall within the adaptation domain of fish reproduction characteristics.

9. The ecological scheduling method based on fish reproduction needs according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (4), the proximal factor is adjusted so that the terminal factor is maintained within the range of fish adaptation, Ω(pᵢ)=[T min (p i ), T max (p i )]×[F min (p i ), F max (p i )], for p i The species' reproductive characteristics are adapted to its domain; [T min (p i ), T max (p i )] is species p i The water temperature range required for reproduction [minimum T min , the highest T max ];[F min (p i ), F max (p i )] is species p i The water flow range required for reproduction [minimum F min , the highest F max ]; "×" represents the combination of two ranges (Cartesian product). The reproduction requirement of each species is a multidimensional safety interval, and reproduction fails if it is exceeded.

10. The ecological scheduling method based on fish reproduction needs according to any one of claims 1 to 9 is used for protecting fish resources that lay sticky eggs in water conservancy and hydropower engineering environments.

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