Method for controlling power input of hydrogen production plant of renewable hydrogen power plant, computer program product and renewable hydrogen power plant

Abstract

A method for controlling a power input (P1, P2) of a hydrogen production plant (7) of a renewable hydrogen power plant (1) connected to an electrical grid (2), the power plant (1) comprising a renewable energy power generation facility (3) for generating electrical power (PRE) and a hydrogen production facility (4) for producing hydrogen (H) from the generated electrical power (PRE), the hydrogen production facility (4) comprising a hydrogen production plant (7) and an energy storage device (8), the method comprises: a) detecting (S1) a fault (46) of the power grid (2) based on a deviation of a received voltage value (U1) of the power grid (2) from a nominal voltage value (N), and b) controlling (S2) the energy storage device (8) such that electrical power (P2) is supplied from the energy storage device (8) to the hydrogen production device (7). Thus, fault ride-through is provided for a hydrogen production facility.

Description

[0001] The present invention relates to a method for controlling the power input of a hydrogen production plant of a renewable hydrogen power plant, a computer program product and a renewable hydrogen power plant.

[0002] Renewable hydrogen (also called green hydrogen or clean hydrogen) is hydrogen produced by using renewable energy. It is a clean and versatile energy carrier that can be used as an alternative to fossil fuels. Renewable hydrogen can be produced by a renewable hydrogen power plant, which includes both renewable energy power generation facilities (e.g., wind farms or photovoltaic power plants) and hydrogen production facilities. The hydrogen production facility includes, for example, an electrolysis unit that converts water into hydrogen (e.g., hydrogen gas) using the generated electrical energy. Therefore, a renewable hydrogen power plant is able to produce two different energy carriers, namely electrical power and hydrogen. The generated electrical power is typically used in part for hydrogen production and in part for feeding into the power grid.

[0003] Hydrogen production equipment (e.g., its electrolysis cells) conventionally operates within a standard voltage range and is configured to shut down if the grid voltage deviates from this standard range. Shutting down a hydrogen production equipment is a complex and time-consuming process. Furthermore, frequent shutdowns of a hydrogen production equipment and / or its electrolysis cells can degrade their functionality and reduce their lifespan.

[0004] It is an object of the present invention to provide an improved method, computer program product and renewable hydrogen power plant comprising / allowing improved control of the renewable hydrogen power plant.

[0005] According to a first aspect, a method for controlling power input to a hydrogen production facility of a renewable hydrogen power plant connected to a power grid is provided. The renewable hydrogen power plant includes a renewable energy power generation facility for generating electric power and a hydrogen production facility for producing hydrogen from the generated electric power. Furthermore, the hydrogen production facility includes a hydrogen production facility and an energy storage facility. The method comprises:

[0006] a) detecting a fault in the power grid based on a deviation of a received voltage value of the power grid from a nominal voltage value, and

[0007] b) controlling the energy storage device so that electric power is supplied from the energy storage device to the hydrogen production device.

[0008] Therefore, in addition to the hydrogen production equipment, the hydrogen production facility also includes an energy storage device for controlling the voltage of the hydrogen production equipment. In particular, the energy storage device is used to supply electrical power to the hydrogen production equipment in the event of a (e.g., short-term) grid failure. Therefore, even during a grid failure, the voltage of the hydrogen production equipment can be maintained within the required voltage range. For example, if the grid experiences a significant voltage drop or voltage increase, the electrical connection between the hydrogen production equipment and the grid can be closed. Alternatively, electrical power can be supplied to the hydrogen production equipment from the energy storage device.

[0009] Therefore, shutting down the hydrogen production plant during a (e.g., short-term) grid failure is unnecessary. This also allows time-consuming restarts of the hydrogen production plant to be avoided. Furthermore, hydrogen production can continue during a grid failure. Thus, hydrogen production is unaffected by (e.g., short-term) grid failures. Furthermore, by avoiding shutting down the hydrogen production plant (particularly the electrolysis unit of the hydrogen production plant), the functionality of the hydrogen production plant (particularly the electrolysis unit of the hydrogen production plant) can be improved and its lifespan increased.

[0010] Thus, the proposed method provides a fault ride-through (FRT) for the hydrogen production plant and, consequently, for the electricity consumers of the grid. In other words, the proposed hydrogen production facility is advantageously equipped with a fault ride-through system.

[0011] The proposed method is a method for controlling the power input to a hydrogen production facility of a renewable hydrogen power plant. For example, the proposed method is used to control the supply of electrical power consumed by the hydrogen production facility from an electrical connection member (i.e., from a renewable energy generation facility or the power grid) during normal grid conditions. Furthermore, the method is used, for example, to control the supply of electrical power consumed by the hydrogen production facility from an energy storage device of the hydrogen production facility during a grid fault.

[0012] For example, in step b), when a fault is detected in step a), the energy storage device, the hydrogen production device, and / or the AC-DC converter of the hydrogen production device may be controlled (e.g., in a coordinated manner) to ensure that the hydrogen production device remains in a normal operating state and does not enter shutdown. The power grid is an interconnected network that transmits electricity from producers to consumers.

[0013] A power grid fault may be, for example, an undervoltage fault, during which the received (i.e., measured) voltage value of the power grid is less than the nominal voltage value of the power grid. A power grid fault may also be, for example, an overvoltage fault, during which the received (i.e., measured) voltage value of the power grid is greater than the nominal voltage value of the power grid.

[0014] The voltage value of the grid is, for example, the root mean square voltage or the peak voltage of the AC current of the grid.

[0015] The renewable energy power generation facility and the hydrogen production facility are electrically connected to each other and to the grid at, for example, an electrical connection member (eg, a connection bus).

[0016] Step a) comprises, for example, receiving a voltage value of the power grid. Step a) further comprises, for example, comparing the received voltage value with a nominal voltage value of the power grid.

[0017] Step b) is carried out in particular (eg only) if a grid fault is detected in step a).

[0018] In particular, renewable hydrogen power plants are so-called "green hydrogen power plants," i.e., power plants that produce "green hydrogen." Green hydrogen is hydrogen produced based on renewable energy.

[0019] In particular, the renewable hydrogen power plant is configured to deliver electrical power as well as hydrogen.

[0020] The provided methods are not limited to a particular type of renewable energy generation facility and / or a particular type of power generation.

[0021] In particular, renewable energy power generation facilities are configured to generate electrical energy (electrical power) from renewable energy sources such as wind, hydro, solar and / or by photovoltaic processes.

[0022] For example, a renewable energy generation facility may include its own FRT system.

[0023] The hydrogen production facility is particularly configured to produce hydrogen (e.g., hydrogen gas) from the electric power (e.g., a portion) generated by the renewable energy power generation facility. The hydrogen production facility includes, for example, one or more hydrogen production devices and one or more energy storage devices. Each hydrogen production device includes, for example, one or more electrolysis units. The electrolysis unit is configured to convert, for example, water into hydrogen gas by using the electric current generated by one or more generators of the renewable energy power generation facility. Thus, water is separated into hydrogen and oxygen through the electrolysis process. The hydrogen production facility may also include, for example, one or more hydrogen tanks for storing the produced hydrogen.

[0024] The provided methods are not limited to a particular type of hydrogen production facility, hydrogen production equipment, and / or energy storage facility.

[0025] An energy storage facility includes, for example, one or more electrical, mechanical, electromechanical, and / or chemical storage devices.

[0026] According to an embodiment of the first aspect, a hydrogen generation device includes an electrolysis unit and a capacitor electrically connected to the electrolysis unit. Furthermore, an energy storage device is controlled so that, when a fault in the power grid is detected, electric power is supplied from the energy storage device to the hydrogen generation device by charging the capacitor of the hydrogen generation device.

[0027] Thus, electrical power may be supplied from the charging capacitor of the hydrogen plant to the electrolysis unit of the hydrogen plant.

[0028] The renewable energy power generation facility and the hydrogen production facility are electrically connected to each other and to the grid at, for example, an electrical connection member (eg, a connection bus). In addition, the capacitor of the hydrogen production equipment is electrically connected to the electrical connection member, for example, via an AC-DC converter.

[0029] According to a further embodiment of the first aspect, the method further comprises:

[0030] Determine the voltage of the hydrogen plant's capacitors, and

[0031] The energy storage device is controlled based on the determined voltage such that electric power is supplied from the energy storage device to the capacitor of the hydrogen generation device when the determined voltage of the capacitor is less than a predetermined minimum voltage value.

[0032] Thus, the voltage of the capacitor of the hydrogen generation plant and thus its state of charge can be controlled. For example, the voltage of the capacitor of the hydrogen generation plant can be maintained within a predetermined voltage range. The predetermined voltage range is, for example, the voltage range required for trouble-free operation of the hydrogen generation plant.

[0033] In an embodiment of the first aspect, a fault of the electrical grid is detected by determining that a received voltage value of the electrical grid deviates from a nominal voltage value by at least a predetermined threshold.

[0034] Therefore, the power supply of the hydrogen plant is taken over by the energy storage device only in the event of a significant difference between the actual voltage value (received voltage value) and the nominal voltage value of the grid (ie greater than a predetermined threshold).

[0035] The predetermined threshold value corresponds to a percentage of, for example, + / - 5%, + / - 10%, + / - 15% of the nominal voltage value.

[0036] According to a further embodiment of the first aspect, when a fault has been detected in step a), the hydrogen plant is controlled such that the power consumption of the hydrogen plant is gradually reduced to a predetermined minimum power value of the hydrogen plant.

[0037] Therefore, the amount of energy provided by the energy storage device to keep the hydrogen production plant operating during a grid failure can be reduced. This allows the size / storage capacity of the energy storage device to be reduced. Therefore, costs can be reduced.

[0038] The predetermined minimum power value of the hydrogen plant has, for example, a value in the range of 10% to 25% of the rated power of the hydrogen plant.

[0039] When it is detected that the grid fault has disappeared again, the power consumption of the hydrogen plant can be ramped up again from the predetermined minimum power value to the previous operating value.

[0040] According to a further embodiment of the first aspect,

[0041] The renewable energy power generation facility and the hydrogen production facility are electrically connected to each other and to the power grid at an electrical connection member,

[0042] The hydrogen production device includes an AC-DC converter for converting AC power supplied from the electrical connection member into DC power, an electrolysis unit for producing hydrogen with the help of DC power supplied from the AC-DC converter and / or from the energy storage device, and a first control unit for controlling the AC-DC converter.

[0043] The energy storage device includes a power storage unit and a second control unit for controlling the power storage unit,

[0044] The first control unit detects a fault of the power grid and sends information about the detected fault to the second control unit, and

[0045] The second control unit sends a control signal to the power storage unit for controlling the power storage unit so that electric power is supplied from the power storage unit to the hydrogen production equipment.

[0046] With an AC-DC converter, the electrolysis cell can be supplied with DC current. The AC-DC converter can convert an AC current of, for example, 690 V into a DC current of, for example, 1000 V. However, there are also other possible voltage values ​​for the AC and DC currents.

[0047] The renewable hydrogen power plant includes, for example, a measurement unit for measuring an instantaneous voltage value of a power grid and / or for monitoring the voltage value of the power grid. The power grid voltage value is measured, for example, at an electrical connection member connecting the renewable energy power generation facility and the hydrogen production facility to each other and to the power grid. The electrical connection member is, for example, a bus bar.

[0048] The first control unit receives, for example, a voltage value of the power grid. The first control unit receives, for example, a voltage value of the power grid from the measuring unit.

[0049] The hydrogen production equipment may further include one or more DC-DC converters for converting the DC current provided by the AC-DC converter to another voltage level.

[0050] According to a further embodiment of the first aspect,

[0051] The renewable energy power generation facility and the hydrogen production facility are electrically connected to each other and to a power grid at an electrical connection member, and

[0052] When a fault in the power grid is detected, the hydrogen production equipment is controlled so that the supply of electric power from the electrical connection member is stopped.

[0053] Therefore, when there is no detected grid fault, electric power is supplied to the hydrogen production equipment from the electrical connection means (e.g., from the renewable energy generation facility / grid via the electrical connection means). Furthermore, when a grid fault is detected, the supply via the electrical connection means is stopped, and the energy storage device takes over the power supply to the hydrogen production equipment.

[0054] According to a further embodiment of the first aspect,

[0055] The renewable energy power generation facility and the hydrogen production facility are electrically connected to each other and to a power grid at an electrical connection member, and

[0056] When it is determined that the fault in the power grid has disappeared again, the energy storage device is controlled to stop supplying electric power from the energy storage device to the hydrogen production device, and / or the hydrogen production device is controlled to restart supplying electric power from the electrical connection member to the hydrogen production device.

[0057] Thus, when the grid fault has disappeared, the hydrogen plant resumes consuming power from the renewable energy generation facility or the grid (via the electrical connection means).

[0058] For example, when the grid fault has disappeared, the hydrogen plant resumes power consumption via the AC-DC converter of the hydrogen plant.

[0059] According to a further embodiment of the first aspect, when it is determined that the fault in the power grid has disappeared again, the energy storage device is controlled so that the electric power supply from the energy storage device to the hydrogen production device is ramped down from the operating power value to zero during a predetermined ramp time period, and the hydrogen production device is controlled so that the electric power supply from the electrical connection member to the hydrogen production device is ramped up from zero to the operating power value during a predetermined ramp time period.

[0060] The ramp-up and the ramp-down are, for example, linear ramp-up and linear ramp-down, respectively. In addition, the predetermined ramp time period is, in particular, a non-zero time period.

[0061] The ramp time period is, for example, 100 ms or more, 300 ms or more, 500 ms or more, 1000 ms or more and / or 5000 ms or more.

[0062] According to a further embodiment of the first aspect, when it is determined that the fault of the power grid has disappeared again, the method further comprises:

[0063] Determine the state of charge of the energy storage device, and

[0064] The hydrogen generation device is controlled based on the determined state of charge of the energy storage device such that electric power is supplied from the hydrogen generation device to the energy storage device for recharging the energy storage device.

[0065] After the energy storage device has been used to temporarily provide power to the hydrogen plant, the energy storage device may have discharged to a level requiring recharging. After recharging, the energy storage device is ready to provide another FRT in the event of another grid failure.

[0066] For example, the energy storage device includes a power storage unit and a second control unit for controlling the power storage unit. The charge state of the power storage unit is determined by the second control unit, for example.

[0067] According to a further embodiment of the first aspect, the method further comprises:

[0068] Determine the fault duration of a grid fault, and

[0069] As long as the determined fault duration is less than or equal to the predetermined time period, step b) is carried out.

[0070] Therefore, in the case where the determined fault duration exceeds the predetermined period of time, step b) is no longer performed. In other words, step b) is performed until the determined fault duration exceeds the predetermined period of time.

[0071] Thus, only during short-term faults of the grid does the energy storage device take over the power supply to the hydrogen production plant.In the event that the grid fault lasts for a duration longer than a predetermined period of time, the hydrogen production plant is shut down.

[0072] The fault duration is in particular the time duration of a detected fault (eg undervoltage fault, overvoltage fault) of the power grid.

[0073] For example, the fault duration is determined by determining a time period during which a measured voltage value of the power grid deviates (eg significantly, ie by more than a threshold value) from a nominal voltage value.

[0074] The predetermined time period is, for example, 5 seconds, 10 seconds, 15 seconds, 20 seconds, or 25 seconds.

[0075] According to a further embodiment of the first aspect, the storage capacity of the energy storage device is equal to the power consumption of the hydrogen generation device during the predetermined time period.

[0076] The storage capacity is therefore sufficient to provide power to the hydrogen plant during short-term grid failures.

[0077] The predetermined time period is, for example, 5 seconds, 10 seconds, 15 seconds, 20 seconds, or 25 seconds.

[0078] The method comprises, for example, before step a), a step of determining the average and / or maximum power consumption over time of the hydrogen generation plant.

[0079] The power consumption over time depends on the efficiency of the electrolyzer and converter system and may also vary with the electrolyzer technology used and the percentage load of the electrolyzer. As an example, a 5 MW electrolyzer at full load (i.e., at a 5 MW power consumption level) can produce 90 kg of hydrogen in one hour, so 5 MWh of electricity can be converted into 90 kg of hydrogen (H2 gas).

[0080] According to further embodiments of the first aspect, the energy storage device comprises a supercapacitor, a battery and / or a hydrogen tank and a fuel cell.

[0081] Supercapacitors (also called ultracapacitors) have large storage capacity.

[0082] An exemplary ultracapacitor (e.g., an exemplary single ultracapacitor module) has a capacity C of 5 F (5 Farads) at a voltage V of 200 V. The amount of energy E that such a module can store can be estimated to be 100,000 Joules (i.e., 0.027778 kWh or 100 kWs) based on the capacitor energy equation given below:

[0083] E=0.5*C*V 2 .

[0084] Typically, such modules are stacked together in various series and parallel combinations to achieve more power and energy storage capacity. For example, a standard cabinet of supercapacitors with the above 5F modules at 200V can be stacked to provide 1MW of power to an electrical system for 5 seconds.

[0085] According to a second aspect, a computer program product is provided, comprising program code for executing the above method when the computer program product is run on at least one computer.

[0086] The computer program product, such as a computer program means, may be embodied as a memory card, USB stick, CD-ROM, DVD or as a file downloadable from a server in a network. For example, such a file may be provided by transmitting the file comprising the computer program product from a wireless communication network.

[0087] According to a third aspect, a control system for controlling power input of a hydrogen production device of a renewable hydrogen power plant is provided, wherein the control system is configured to implement the above method.

[0088] The corresponding entities (e.g., the control system and control unit described herein) can be implemented in hardware and / or in software. If the entity is implemented in hardware, it can be embodied as a device, such as a computer or a processor, or as part of a system such as a computer system. If the entity is implemented in software, it can be embodied as a computer program product, as a function, as a routine, as program code, or as an executable object.

[0089] According to a fourth aspect, a renewable hydrogen power plant is provided. The renewable hydrogen power plant is configured to be connected to a power grid. In addition, the renewable hydrogen power plant includes:

[0090] Renewable energy generation facilities for generating electrical power,

[0091] A hydrogen production facility for producing hydrogen from generated electrical power, wherein the hydrogen production facility comprises:

[0092] A hydrogen production plant having a first control unit for detecting a fault in the power grid based on a deviation of a received voltage value of the power grid from a nominal voltage value, and

[0093] An energy storage device has an electric power storage unit and a second control unit for controlling the electric power storage unit so that electric power is supplied from the electric power storage unit to the hydrogen production device when a grid fault is detected.

[0094] In an embodiment of the fourth aspect, the renewable energy power generation facility includes one or more wind turbines, wind farms, one or more photovoltaic devices, photovoltaic power fields, solar power fields, one or more geothermal devices, geothermal power fields, hydroelectric power fields and / or other types of renewable energy power generation devices / power fields.

[0095] A wind turbine is a device that converts the kinetic energy of wind into electrical energy (electrical power). A wind turbine comprises, for example, a rotor with one or more blades, each connected to a hub; a nacelle containing a generator; and a tower that holds the nacelle at its top. The wind turbine's tower can be connected to the wind turbine's foundation, such as a concrete foundation or a monopile in the seabed, via a transition piece.

[0096] The wind turbine is, for example, an onshore wind turbine. However, the wind turbine may also be an offshore wind turbine. Offshore includes marine environments as well as lakes and other open waters.

[0097] According to an embodiment of the fourth aspect, a renewable hydrogen power plant comprises:

[0098] terminals for electrical connection to the grid, and

[0099] An electrical connection member electrically connects the renewable energy power generation facility and the hydrogen production facility to the terminal.

[0100] Thus, the renewable hydrogen power plant facilities are collectively connected to the grid using a single transmission line. Thus, the power and load of the individual facilities can be balanced before the resulting power is delivered to the grid. Specifically, the power and load of the individual facilities can be balanced to provide a regulated power output from the power plant.

[0101] The electrical connection members include, for example, power transmission cables, connection buses, and the like.

[0102] The embodiments and features described with reference to the first aspect of the present invention apply mutatis mutandis to the other aspects (second to fourth aspects) of the present invention, and vice versa.

[0103] Further possible implementations or alternative solutions of the invention also include combinations of features described above or below with respect to the embodiments - not explicitly mentioned herein. A person skilled in the art may also add individual or isolated aspects and features to the most basic form of the invention.

[0104] Further embodiments, features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following description and dependent claims, considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0105] Figure 1 A renewable hydrogen power plant including a renewable energy power generation facility and a hydrogen production facility is shown, the power plant being electrically connected to a power grid according to an embodiment;

[0106] Figure 2 shows a renewable hydrogen power plant according to another embodiment;

[0107] Figure 3 shows a hydrogen production facility of a renewable hydrogen power plant according to another embodiment;

[0108] Figure 4 It shows the embodiment according to Figure 3 Power storage units for hydrogen production equipment;

[0109] Figure 5 According to another embodiment, Figure 3 Power storage units for hydrogen production equipment;

[0110] Figure 6 According to another embodiment, Figure 3 Power storage units for hydrogen production equipment;

[0111] Figure 7 shows a diagram according to an embodiment Figure 1 、 2 or 3. Illustration of the response of a renewable hydrogen power plant to a grid fault (low voltage event); and

[0112] Figure 8 A flow chart illustrating a method for controlling power input to a hydrogen plant of a renewable hydrogen power plant according to an embodiment is shown.

[0113] In the drawings, unless otherwise indicated, like reference numbers designate identical or functionally equivalent elements.

[0114] Figure 1 A renewable hydrogen power plant 1 according to an embodiment is shown. The renewable hydrogen power plant 1 is configured to deliver electrical power P P and hydrogen H( Figure 2 The renewable hydrogen power plant 1 is electrically connected to a grid 2 for converting the generated power P P fed into the grid 2.

[0115] The renewable hydrogen power plant 1 comprises a device for generating electric power P RE The power plant 1 further comprises a device for generating power P from the power RE Hydrogen production facilities 4 for producing hydrogen H.

[0116] The renewable energy power generation facility 3 and the hydrogen production equipment 4 are electrically connected to each other at an electrical connection member 5 and are electrically connected to the grid 2 .

[0117] The hydrogen production facility 4 may include one or more hydrogen production units 6. The hydrogen production facility 4, for example, each hydrogen production unit 6, includes a hydrogen production device 7 and an energy storage device 8, for example, an electricity storage device 8. Therefore, the hydrogen production facility 4 may also include more than one hydrogen production device 7 and more than one electricity storage device 8 (see Figure 2 The hydrogen production device 7 may include an electrolysis unit for converting water into hydrogen H, for example, hydrogen gas H, by means of electrical power P1 , P2 . The power storage device 8 is electrically connected to the hydrogen production device 7 .

[0118] During normal operation, the hydrogen production equipment 7 consumes electric power P1 via the electrical connection member 5. The electric power P1 consumed by the hydrogen production equipment 7 via the electrical connection member 5 is generally the electric power P generated by the renewable energy power generation facility 3. RE However, when it is desired to increase the load of the power plant 1 relative to the grid 2 , the electrical power P1 consumed by the hydrogen plant 7 via the electrical connection means 5 can also be provided from the grid 2 .

[0119] During a fault in the grid 2 (such as a voltage drop or increase), the supply of power P1 via the electrical connection member 5 may be stopped. Alternatively, electrical power P2 may be supplied from the storage device 8 to the hydrogen production device 7.

[0120] also, Figure 1 A transmission connection 9 (eg one or more transmission cables) is shown for transmitting the power P generated by the renewable energy generation facility 3 to the RE The power is transmitted to the electrical connection means 5. Furthermore, the renewable hydrogen power plant 1 comprises a power transmission connection 10 (eg one or more power transmission cables) for transmitting the power P1 from the electrical connection means 5 to the hydrogen production facility 4 for producing hydrogen H.

[0121] Therefore, the renewable energy power generation facility 3 serves as a power source to the electrical connection member 5 , and the hydrogen production facility 4 serves as a load to the electrical connection member 5 .

[0122] The electrical connection member 5 is, for example, a power transmission unit (eg, including one or more power transmission cables) that electrically connects the renewable energy power generation facility 3 and the hydrogen production facility 4 to each other and to the grid 2 .

[0123] also, Figure 1 The electrical connection unit 11 and the terminal 12 are shown in FIG. The electrical connection unit 11 connects the electrical connection member 5 to the terminal 12, and the terminal 12 is electrically connected to the grid 2. Therefore, the terminal 12 is configured to connect the power P P fed into the grid 4.

[0124] Figure 2 A renewable hydrogen power plant 1 ′ according to a further embodiment is shown.

[0125] Similar to Figure 1 The renewable hydrogen power plant 1 includes a renewable energy power generation facility 3' and a hydrogen production facility 4'. The renewable energy power generation facility 3' and the hydrogen production facility 4' are electrically connected to each other at an electrical connection member 5' and are also electrically connected to a power grid 2.

[0126] The renewable energy generation facility 3' of the power plant 1' comprises, for example, one or more wind turbines 13 for generating electrical power P RE One or more wind turbines 13 may form a wind farm 14. In other examples, the renewable energy generation facility 3' may include one or more photovoltaic elements, a photovoltaic farm, and / or another renewable energy source (not shown) instead of or in addition to the wind turbines 13 and / or the wind farm 14.

[0127] like Figure 2 As shown in FIG, the hydrogen production facility 4' includes one or more hydrogen production devices 6'. Each hydrogen production device 6' is configured similar to Figure 1 In particular, as for the hydrogen production device 6 Figure 2 Indicated by one of the hydrogen production devices 6', each hydrogen production device 6' includes Figure 1 The hydrogen production equipment 7 is similar to the hydrogen production equipment 7 in the embodiment of the present invention and the hydrogen production equipment 7' and Figure 1 In particular, each hydrogen production device 7' may include an electrolysis unit for converting water into hydrogen H, for example, hydrogen gas H, by means of electrical power P1, P2. The hydrogen production facility 4' may further include one or more hydrogen tanks 15 for temporarily storing the produced hydrogen H.

[0128] Figure 3 A hydrogen production device 6 ″ of a hydrogen production facility 4 ″ of a renewable hydrogen power plant 1 ″ according to another embodiment is shown.

[0129] The hydrogen production facility 4 ” (eg, hydrogen production device 6 ”) includes a hydrogen production device 7 ” and an electricity storage device 8 ”.

[0130] The hydrogen production device 7" includes an AC-DC converter 16 for converting the AC power P1 supplied from the electrical connection member 5 into a DC power P DC The hydrogen production device 7" further includes a capacitor 17 for temporarily storing the DC power P provided by the AC-DC converter 16. DCThe hydrogen production device 7" further comprises an electrolysis unit 18 for producing hydrogen H by an electrolysis process. The electrical power P1, P2 required for producing hydrogen H can advantageously be selectively supplied from an AC-DC converter 16 (eg a DC power P DC ) or, in the short term, also from the power storage device 8” (such as power P2).

[0131] exist Figure 3 In the example of FIG. 1 , the AC-DC converter 16 , the capacitor 17 , and the electrolytic cell 18 are electrically connected in parallel to each other via an electric line 19 .

[0132] The hydrogen production device 7 ″ includes a first control unit 20 for controlling the AC-DC converter 16 . The first control unit 20 is electrically connected to the AC-DC converter 16 via an electric wire and / or a data line 21 .

[0133] In addition to the above-mentioned units, hydrogen production equipment 7″ may also include further units, such as a control unit 22 (third control unit 22), a DC-DC converter (not shown) arranged, for example, between capacitor 17 and electrolysis unit 18, and further capacitors (not shown) arranged, for example, between the DC-DC converter and electrolysis unit 18.

[0134] like Figure 3 As shown in the figure, the power storage device 8" includes a power storage unit 23 and a second control unit 24 for controlling the power storage unit 23. The second control unit 24 is electrically connected to the power storage unit 23 via an electric wire and / or a data line 25. In addition, the power storage unit 23 is electrically connected (e.g., in parallel) to the electrolysis unit 18 of the hydrogen production device 7" via an electric wire 26.

[0135] The power storage unit 23 is configured with a large storage capacity. The storage capacity of the power storage unit 23 is in particular sufficient to supply the electrolysis unit 18 of the hydrogen plant 7″ with the necessary amount of electricity to operate for, for example, 5 seconds, 10 seconds, 15 seconds, 20 seconds, and / or 25 seconds. Therefore, the storage capacity of the power storage unit 23 is large enough to allow traversal of short-term faults in the power grid 2.

[0136] like Figure 3 As shown in the example, the renewable hydrogen power plant 1, 1', 1" comprises, for example, a measuring unit 27 for monitoring the voltage U1 of the grid 2. Thus, using the measuring unit 27, the instantaneous voltage value U1 of the grid 2 can be measured (for example, repeatedly). The voltage value U1 of the grid 2 is measured, for example, at the electrical connection members 5, 5', 5", as shown in FIG. Figure 3 As shown in the exemplary diagram.

[0137] The measuring unit 27 is electrically connected to the first control unit 20 of the hydrogen plant 7 ″ via an electric line and / or a data line 28 . The measuring unit 27 sends information A (signal A) about the measured voltage value U1 of the grid 2 to the first control unit 20 .

[0138] The first control unit 20 is in particular configured to detect a fault 46 of the power grid 2 based on the received information A ( Figure 7 The first control unit 20 compares the received voltage value U1 of the grid 2 with the nominal voltage value N( Figure 7 ) for comparison.

[0139] The first control unit 20 is electrically connected to the second control unit 24 of the power storage device 8″ via an electrical wire and / or data line 29. The first control unit 20 is configured to send information B (signal B) about the detected grid fault 46 to the power storage device 8″, in particular to the second control unit 24 of the power storage device 8″.

[0140] When a fault 46 of grid 2 is detected, second control unit 24 sends a control signal C to power storage unit 23 via line 25. By receiving control signal C, power storage unit 23 is controlled so that electric power P2 is supplied from power storage unit 23 to hydrogen plant 7", in particular, to capacitor 17 of hydrogen plant 7".

[0141] Furthermore, in case a fault 46 of the grid 2 is detected by the first control unit 20 , the first control unit 20 sends a control signal D to the AC-DC converter 16 via the line 21 for stopping the supply of power P1 from the connection member 5 to the electrolysis unit 18 .

[0142] exist Figures 4 to 6 , different embodiments of the power storage units 23 , 123 , 223 , 323 are illustrated.

[0143] Figure 4 The power storage unit 123 in the embodiment includes a DC-DC converter 30 and a super capacitor 31. The DC-DC converter 30 is electrically connected to the capacitor 17 ( Figure 3 ) to provide electric power P2 in the event of a grid fault 46. The DC-DC converter 30 and the supercapacitor 31 are electrically connected to each other (e.g., in parallel) via an electrical wire 32. The supercapacitor 31 is a capacitor with a very large storage capacity. Optionally, the power storage unit 123 may further include another capacitor 33 arranged and connected between the supercapacitor 31 and the DC-DC converter 30.

[0144] like Figure 4As shown by the dotted line in FIG, the power storage unit 123 may optionally further include a control unit 34 (fourth control unit 34) for controlling the supercapacitor 31. Although not shown in the figure, the fourth control unit 34 communicates with the second control unit 24 ( Figure 3 ). Furthermore, any of the power storage units 23, 123, 223, 323 described herein may include a fourth control unit, such as a fourth control unit 34 for controlling the corresponding storage medium.

[0145] Figure 5 Another embodiment of the power storage unit 223 is shown. The power storage unit 223 includes a DC-DC converter 35 and a battery 36 electrically connected to each other (e.g., in parallel) via an electric line 37. In addition, the DC-DC converter 35 is connected to the capacitor 17 ( Figure 3 ) are electrically connected (eg, in parallel) to provide electric power P2 in the event of a grid fault 46 . Optionally, the power storage unit 223 may further include another capacitor 38 arranged and connected between the battery 36 and the DC-DC converter 35 .

[0146] Figure 6 Another embodiment of a power storage unit 323 is shown. The power storage unit 323 includes a DC-DC converter 39 and a fuel cell 40 electrically connected to each other (e.g., in parallel) via an electric line 41. The power storage unit 323 further includes a hydrogen tank 42 for storing hydrogen H. The hydrogen tank 42 is connected to the electrolysis unit 18' (similar to the electrolysis unit 18') of the hydrogen production device 7" via a first pipe 43. Figure 3 The hydrogen tank 42 is fluidly connected to the electrolysis unit 18 in the reactor. The hydrogen tank 42 is filled with hydrogen H generated in the electrolysis unit 18'. The hydrogen tank 42 is further fluidly connected to the fuel cell 40 via a second pipe 44. The fuel cell 40 uses the supplied hydrogen H to generate electrical power. Therefore, the combination of the hydrogen tank 42 and the fuel cell 40 serves as an energy storage facility capable of providing electrical energy on demand.

[0147] like Figure 6 As shown in FIG, the DC-DC converter 39 is connected to the capacitor 17 ( Figure 3 ) are electrically connected (eg, in parallel) to provide electric power P2 in the event of a grid failure 46. Optionally, the power storage unit 323 may further include another capacitor 45 arranged and connected between the fuel cell 40 and the DC-DC converter 39.

[0148] exist Figure 7 , a fault ride-through of a renewable hydrogen power plant 1 , 1 ′, 1 ″ in case of a low voltage event 46 of the grid 2 is illustrated.

[0149] Figure 7The power P generated by the renewable hydrogen facility 3, 3', 3" is shown. RE timely evolution. Figure 7 The figure further shows the power P1, P2 consumed by the hydrogen production equipment 7, 7', 7" (or multiple hydrogen production equipment 7, 7', 7") of the hydrogen production facility 4, 4', 4". P1 is the electric power provided to the (multiple) hydrogen production equipment 7, 7', 7" from the electrical connection member 5, 5', 5" (for example, from the renewable energy power generation facility 3, 3', 3") during normal conditions of the power grid 2. P2 is the electric power provided from the power storage device 8, 8', 8" during a short-term power grid fault 46. In addition, P3 indicates the electric power at the electrolysis unit 18, 18'.

[0150] Figure 7 The top panel also shows the total power P delivered to the grid 2 by the renewable hydrogen power plants 1, 1', 1". P Timely evolution of the overall power P P is the power consumed by power plants 1, 1', and 1", and the power generated by RE In particular, the power P1 is the power consumed by the hydrogen production facilities 4, 4', 4" at the connection members 5, 5', 5".

[0151] Figure 7 All power values ​​in are given in megawatts (MW).

[0152] exist Figure 7 In the lowermost panel of FIG, the time-dependent evolution of the voltage U1 of the grid 2 is shown. The voltage U1 is given as a fraction (“per unit (PU)”) of the nominal voltage N of the grid 2 .

[0153] Figure 7 The example shown in FIG illustrates an undervoltage event 46 in which the voltage U1 of the grid 2 drops from the nominal value N to a value of U1(t1) at time t=0. Then, at time t=t1, the voltage U1 slowly recovers over the time span from time t1 to t3. The total duration Δt1 of the undervoltage fault 46 of the grid 2 is, for example, several seconds.

[0154] During normal operation (before time t=0), the renewable energy generation facilities 3, 3', 3" (e.g., Figure 2 The wind farm 14) generates, for example, 12 MW of power P RE For example, from the 12MW power output, 6MW is fed to the hydrogen production facilities 4, 4', 4" for producing hydrogen H (P1 = -6MW). The remaining 6MW is fed to the grid 4 (P P =6MW).

[0155] See also Figure 1 , where power P REIt is indicated that the renewable energy power generation facility 3 provides the connection member 5 (transmission line 9). Figure 1 In FIG. 5 , the power P1 supplied from the connection member 5 (transmission line 10) and consumed by the hydrogen production facility 4 is indicated. Finally, the power P P (P P =P RE - P1) is transmitted from the connection member 5 to the grid 2.

[0156] During a low pressure event 46, if Figure 7 As shown in FIG, the renewable energy power generation facilities 3, 3', 3" stop transmitting power P to the connecting members 5, 5', 5". RE (During the time span from t=0 to t=t2, P RE = 0). In particular, the renewable energy generation facility 3, 3', 3" comprises its own FRT system, which allows riding through a short-term grid fault 46 without shutting down the renewable energy generation facility 3, 3', 3" and / or without shutting down the generators of the renewable energy generation facility 3, 3', 3" (such as the wind turbine 13, Figure 2 ).

[0157] Furthermore, during low pressure event 46, hydrogen generation device(s) 7, 7', 7" stop consuming power P1 from connection member 5, 5', 5" (P1 = 0 during the time span from t = 0 to t = t3). However, in order to maintain hydrogen production and without switching hydrogen generation device(s) 7, 7', 7", hydrogen generation device(s) 7, 7', 7" instead start consuming power P2 from power storage device(s) 8, 8', 8" (P2 = 6 MW during the time span from t = 0 to t = t3).

[0158] At time t=t2, the voltage U1 of the grid 2 has not yet fully recovered, but has recovered to a large percentage. At this time, the renewable energy generation facilities 3, 3', 3" reduce the power P during the time span from t=t2 to t=t3. RE From P RE =0 ramp up to P RE =12MW, start to transmit power P to the connecting components 5, 5', 5". RE .

[0159] During the time span Δt2 (ramp time period Δt2) from t=t3 to t=t3', the electric power P2 supplied from the power storage device 8, 8', 8" to the hydrogen production device 7, 7', 7" is increased from the operating power value P OPDuring the same time span Δt2, the electrical power P1 supplied from the electrical connection members 5, 5', 5" to the hydrogen production equipment 7, 7', 7" is gradually ramped up from zero to the operating power value P OP ( Figure 7 -P in OP , since P1 is given as the power consumption).

[0160] Furthermore, during a short time span Δt3 from t=t3′ to t=t4, the power storage devices 8, 8′, 8″ are recharged (reference symbol 47) by consuming power from the hydrogen production devices 7, 7′, 7″ (P2 decreases to -3 MW and P3 increases to -3 MW).

[0161] In the following, reference Figure 8 A method for controlling a power input P1, P2 of a hydrogen production plant 7, 7', 7" of a renewable hydrogen power plant 1, 1', 1" connected to a power grid 2 is described. The renewable hydrogen power plant 1, 1', 1" comprises a power supply for generating electric power P RE Renewable energy generation facilities 3, 3', 3" and for generating electric power P RE The hydrogen production facilities 4, 4', 4" for producing hydrogen H. The hydrogen production facilities 3, 3', 3" include hydrogen production equipment 7, 7', 7" and power storage equipment 8, 8', 8".

[0162] In a first step S1 of the method, a fault 46 of the power grid 2 is detected based on a deviation of a received voltage value U1 of the power grid from a nominal voltage value N.

[0163] like Figure 7 As shown in , optionally, only deviations greater than a voltage threshold Th may be regarded as a (major) fault 46 of the grid 2 and thus require a FRT procedure.

[0164] In a second step S2 of the method, power storage device 8 , 8 ′, 8 ″ is controlled so that electric power P2 is supplied from power storage device 8 , 8 ′, 8 ″ to hydrogen production device 7 , 7 ′, 7 ″.

[0165] In an optional third step S3 of the method, the duration Δt1 of the fault 46 of the power grid 2 is determined.

[0166] In this case, step S2 can be performed as long as the determined duration Δt1 is less than or equal to a predetermined time period Δt4. The predetermined time period Δt4 is, for example, 5 seconds, 10 seconds, 15 seconds, 20 seconds or 25 seconds.

[0167] If it is determined in S1 that the fault 46 of the power grid 2 has disappeared again, the following steps S4 and S5 can optionally be carried out.

[0168] In an optional fourth step S4 of the method, when it is determined in S1 that the grid fault 46 has disappeared again, the charge state Q ( Figure 1 ).

[0169] In an optional fifth step S5 of the method, the hydrogen generation device 7 is controlled based on the determined state of charge Q of the power storage device 8 so that electric power P2 is supplied from the hydrogen generation device 7 to the power storage device 8 for recharging the power storage device 8 (see Figure 7 Reference symbol 47 in).

[0170] about Figure 3 In the embodiment of the power plant 1″ shown in FIG, by carrying out steps S1 and S2 (and optionally steps S3 to S5) of the method, it is possible to ensure that the capacitors 17 ( Figure 3 ) is fully charged.

[0171] Furthermore, in a more general sense, the method can also be applied to capacitor 17 ( Figure 3 )’s state of charge is maintained within the desired operating range.

[0172] In an optional sixth step S6 of the method, the voltage U2 ( Figure 3 ), the capacitor 17 is electrically connected to the electrolysis unit 18 of the hydrogen production equipment 7".

[0173] In an optional seventh step S7 of the method, the power storage device 8 is controlled based on the determined voltage U2 of the capacitor 17. Specifically, when the determined voltage U2 of the capacitor 17 is less than the predetermined minimum voltage value U 2，min ( Figure 3 ), electric power P2 is supplied from the power storage device 8″ to the capacitor 17.

[0174] While the invention has been described in terms of preferred embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications are possible in all embodiments.

Claims

1. A method for controlling the power input (P1, P2) of a hydrogen production plant (7) of a renewable hydrogen power plant (1) connected to an electricity grid (2), the renewable hydrogen power plant (1) comprising a power supply for generating electric power (P RE ) of a renewable energy power generation facility (3) and for generating electric power (P RE ) a hydrogen production facility (4) for producing hydrogen (H), the hydrogen production facility (4) comprising a hydrogen production device (7) and an energy storage device (8), and the method comprising: a) detecting (S1) a fault (46) of the power grid (2) based on a deviation of a received voltage value (U1) of the power grid (2) from a nominal voltage value (N), and b) controlling ( S2 ) the energy storage device ( 8 ) so that electric power ( P2 ) is supplied from the energy storage device ( 8 ) to the hydrogen production device ( 7 ).

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein The hydrogen production device (7") includes an electrolysis unit (18) and a capacitor (17) electrically connected to the electrolysis unit (18), and the energy storage device (8") is controlled so that when a fault (46) of the power grid (2) is detected, electric power (P2) is supplied from the energy storage device (8") to the hydrogen production device (7") by charging the capacitor (17) of the hydrogen production device (7").

3. The method according to claim 2, further comprising: determining (S6) the voltage (U2) of the capacitor (17) of the hydrogen production device (7"), and The energy storage device (8") is controlled (S7) based on the determined voltage (U2) so that electric power (P2) is supplied from the energy storage device (8") to the capacitor (17) of the hydrogen production device (7") when the determined voltage (U2) of the capacitor (17) is less than a predetermined minimum voltage value (U2,min).

4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein: When a fault (46) has been detected in step a), the hydrogen production device (7) is controlled so that the power consumption of the hydrogen production device (7) is gradually reduced to a predetermined minimum power value of the hydrogen production device (7).

5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein: The renewable energy power generation facility (3) and the hydrogen production facility (4") are electrically connected to each other and to the power grid (2) at an electrical connection member (5"), The hydrogen production device (7") includes a device for converting AC power (P1) supplied from the electrical connection member (5") into DC power (P DC ) of an AC-DC converter (16) for supplying DC power (P) from the AC-DC converter (16) and / or from the energy storage device (8"). DC , P2) to produce hydrogen (H) electrolysis unit (18), and a first control unit (20) for controlling the AC-DC converter (16), The energy storage device (8") comprises a power storage unit (23) and a second control unit (24) for controlling the power storage unit (23), The first control unit (20) detects a fault (46) of the power grid (2) and sends information (B) about the detected fault (46) to the second control unit (24), and The second control unit (24) sends a control signal (C) to the power storage unit (23) for controlling the power storage unit (23) so that the electric power (P2) is supplied to the hydrogen production equipment (7).

6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein: The renewable energy power generation facility (3) and the hydrogen production facility (4) are electrically connected to each other at an electrical connection member (5) and to a power grid (2), and When a fault (46) of the power grid (2) is detected, the hydrogen production equipment (7) is controlled so that the supply of electric power (P1) from the electrical connection member (5) is stopped.

7. The method according to claim 1 , wherein The renewable energy power generation facility (3) and the hydrogen production facility (4) are electrically connected to each other at an electrical connection member (5) and to a power grid (2), and When it is determined that the fault (46) of the power grid (2) has disappeared again, the energy storage device (8) is controlled so that the supply of electric power (P2) from the energy storage device (8) to the hydrogen production device (7) is stopped, and / or the hydrogen production device (7) is controlled so that the supply of electric power (P1) from the electrical connection member (5) is restarted.

8. The method according to claim 1, wherein When it is determined that the fault (46) of the power grid (2) has disappeared again, the energy storage device (8) is controlled so that during a predetermined ramp time period (Δt2), the electric power (P2) supplied from the energy storage device (8) to the hydrogen production device (7) is increased from the operating power value (P OP ) is ramped down to zero, and the hydrogen production equipment (7) is controlled so that the supply of electric power (P1) from the electrical connection member (5) is ramped up from zero to an operating power value (P 1 ) in a predetermined ramp time period (Δt2). OP ).

9. The method according to claim 1, wherein When it is determined that the fault (46) of the power grid (2) has disappeared again, the method further comprises: determining (S4) the state of charge (Q) of the energy storage device (8), and The hydrogen generation device (7) is controlled (S5) based on the determined state of charge (Q) of the energy storage device (8) so that electric power (P2, P3) is supplied from the hydrogen generation device (7) to the energy storage device (8) to recharge (47) the energy storage device (8).

10. The method according to one of claims 1 to 9, further comprising: determining (S3) the duration (Δt1) of the fault (46) of the power grid (2), and As long as the determined duration (Δt1) is less than or equal to the predetermined time period (Δt4), step b) is carried out.

11. The method according to claim 1, wherein: The storage capacity of the energy storage device (8) is equal to the power consumption of the hydrogen production device (7) during a predetermined time period (Δt4).

12. The method according to claim 1, wherein: The energy storage device (8) includes a supercapacitor (31), a battery (36) and / or a hydrogen tank (42) and a fuel cell (40).

13. A computer program product comprising a program code for performing the method according to one of claims 1 to 12 when run on at least one computer.

14. A renewable hydrogen power plant (1) configured for connection to a power grid (2), comprising: To generate electrical power (P RE ) renewable energy power generation facilities (3), For the electric power generated from RE ) a hydrogen production facility (4) for producing hydrogen (H), wherein the hydrogen production facility (4) comprises: A hydrogen production plant (7, 7") having a first control unit (20) for detecting a fault (46) of the power grid (2) based on a deviation of a received voltage value (U1) of the power grid (2) from a nominal voltage value (N), and An energy storage device (8, 8") having an electricity storage unit (23) and a second control unit (24) for controlling the electricity storage unit (23) so that when a fault (46) of the power grid (2) is detected, electric power (P2) is supplied from the electricity storage unit (23) to the hydrogen production device (7, 7").

15. The renewable hydrogen power plant of claim 14, comprising: a terminal (12) for electrical connection to a power grid (2), and An electrical connection member (5) electrically connects the renewable energy power generation facility (3) and the hydrogen production facility (4) to a terminal (12).

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