A spherical force measuring support and a measuring method

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of spherical force measuring support and measurement method, by upper support plate, plane slide, force measuring panel, limiting ball plate, lower support plate and sensor composition, each component is sequentially connected from top to bottom.The upper support plate upper end is connected beam body, lower end fixed plane slide;Limiting ball plate middle part is equipped with fixed groove and contains force measuring panel, its groove is used to place the sensor at the bottom of force measuring panel;Limiting ball plate can slide in lower support plate, and lower support plate is fixed with cushion stone.The support is fixed by upper support plate, plane slide and limiting ball plate fixed groove cooperation, directly measure steel deformation to eliminate external interference, realize accurate force of full range;Using the measurement scheme of capturing plane slide displacement, the force accuracy is greatly improved compared with traditional support;Its limiting ball plate and the sliding structure of lower support plate facilitate sensor replacement, and maintenance efficiency is greatly improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of bridge detection, and particularly relates to a spherical force measuring support and a measuring method. BACKGROUND

[0002] In recent years, with the breakthroughs of technologies such as Internet of Things (IoT), artificial intelligence (AI), 5G communication, digital twin, and intelligent materials, bridge intelligence has gradually moved from theoretical research to engineering practice, and has made significant progress in health monitoring, intelligent operation and maintenance, adaptive control, and intelligent traffic integration.

[0003] Bridge structure functional components, such as bridge supports, are evolving from traditional “passive bearing” to “active sensing-adaptive regulation”. Currently, the research and application of intelligent supports are mainly concentrated in the field of bridge intelligent monitoring to replace manual detection. Force measuring supports are used to monitor the stress state of bridge supports in real time, ensure the safety of the structure and optimize operation and maintenance management. In addition, force measuring supports can sense the boundary conditions of bridge structures, and then realize real-time monitoring of the internal force distribution of bridge structures through algorithms to judge the safety of bridge structures. In summary, it is very important and necessary to measure the pressure of the support, and it is also relatively difficult to achieve.

[0004] The commonly used force measuring supports have the following problems: the force measuring pot rubber support is still in a solid state under small pressure, and does not exhibit viscous flow state, so the measurement accuracy is poor under small pressure; in addition, the support has rubber inside, and the durability of the support is poor, and the pot rubber support has been eliminated for railway supports. The hydraulic oil type force measuring steel support has a sealing problem of hydraulic oil, and the hydraulic oil will be lost over time, resulting in the inability to measure force. The wedge-shaped block measurement method has poor force measurement accuracy due to the effect of friction. SUMMARY

[0005] The purpose of the present application is to provide a spherical force measuring support and a measuring method to solve the problems of poor measurement accuracy and poor durability of existing force measuring supports.

[0006] To solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present application is as follows:

[0007] A spherical force measuring support, comprising an upper support plate, a flat slide plate, a force measuring panel, a limiting ball plate, a lower support plate, and a sensor; the upper support plate, the flat slide plate, the limiting ball plate, the force measuring panel, and the lower support plate are connected in sequence from top to bottom;

[0008] The upper end of the upper support plate is connected with the beam body of the bridge, and the lower end of the upper support plate is in contact with the flat slide plate; a fixed groove is arranged in the middle of the limiting ball plate, the force measuring panel is arranged inside the fixed groove, a channel is further arranged on the limiting ball plate, the bottom of the force measuring panel is provided with a sensor, and the sensor is arranged inside the channel;

[0009] The limiting ball plate is slidably arranged in the interior of the lower support plate, and the lower support plate is fixedly connected with the cushion stone of the bridge.

[0010] According to the technical scheme, the mounting groove is arranged above the force measuring panel, and the lower end of the plane sliding plate is arranged in the interior of the mounting groove.

[0011] According to the technical scheme, the mirror plate is welded below the upper support plate, and the mirror plate forms a friction pair with the plane sliding plate, so as to reduce the friction between the mirror plate and the plane sliding plate.

[0012] According to the technical scheme, the sensor is provided in plurality, and the plurality of sensors are uniformly arranged at the bottom of the force measuring panel.

[0013] According to the technical scheme, each sensor is electrically connected with the signal processor.

[0014] According to the technical scheme, the spherical sliding plate is further arranged below the limiting ball plate, the lower end of the spherical sliding plate is fixedly connected with the lower support plate, and the upper end of the spherical sliding plate is slidably connected with the limiting ball plate.

[0015] According to the technical scheme, the lower end of the limiting ball plate forms a spherical surface rotating pair with the upper end of the spherical sliding plate.

[0016] A measurement method, the measurement method specifically comprises the following steps: first, arranging the spherical force measuring support below the bridge beam body, collecting strain data of the force measuring panel through the plurality of uniformly arranged sensors;

[0017] When the force measuring panel of the spherical force measuring support is subjected to the vertical pressure of the bridge, elastic deformation is generated in the groove on the top surface of the limiting ball plate, the sensor captures the elastic deformation and generates an original strain signal;

[0018] The signal processor is used for performing multi-physical field coupling interference stripping on the original strain signal, eliminating cross interference, and obtaining a pure vertical force strain; according to the load interval in which the pure vertical force strain is located, a mathematical model corresponding to the interval is used to convert the strain signal into a force signal, and after dynamic calibration by combining a digital twin model, remote transmission or on-site display is performed.

[0019] According to the technical scheme, the elastic deformation and the pure vertical force strain present a specific function relationship in each load interval, and the specific function relationship is as follows:

[0020] The ultra-low load interval:

[0021]

[0022] wherein, is a basic proportionality coefficient, is a zero drift correction coefficient of the ultra-low load section.

[0023] Low load interval:

[0024]

[0025] wherein, is a linear term coefficient of the low load section, is a quadratic term coefficient of the low load section;

[0026] Medium load interval:

[0027]

[0028] wherein, K is a comprehensive proportional coefficient of the support, is an elastic strain of the force-embedded plate bottom caused by stress;

[0029] High load interval:

[0030]

[0031] wherein, is a linear term coefficient of the high load section, is a quadratic term coefficient of the high load section, is a cubic term coefficient of the high load section;

[0032] The strain threshold value and the model parameters of each interval are calibrated through a servo hydraulic testing machine grading loading experiment.

[0033] According to the above technical scheme, when the support rotates, at least two force analysis sensors are arranged on the left and right sides of the rotation surface, the strain values measured by the force analysis sensors are processed by averaging, and then are substituted into the mathematical model of the corresponding load interval;

[0034] The difference between the theoretical strain output by the digital twin model and the measured pure vertical force strain is combined to dynamically correct the model parameters, and finally the vertical force size of the support is obtained.

[0035] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following beneficial effects:

[0036] In the present application, the sensor directly measures the deformation of the steel material by cooperating the fixing groove of the upper support plate, the plane slide plate and the limiting ball plate to eliminate external interference such as friction force, so as to realize accurate force measurement in the full range including low load working condition, and solve the problem that part of the support cannot measure force or has poor precision in the scene with small bearing capacity; based on the measurement scheme of directly capturing the displacement of the plane slide plate, the stress path is clear and the signal conduction is simple; the sliding cooperation structure of the limiting ball plate and the lower support plate makes the sensor replacement convenient, only a small amount of jacking beam body is needed to quickly complete the operation, and the maintenance efficiency is greatly improved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0037] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a half-section of the support structure of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 2 This is one of the force diagrams of the support of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 3 This is the second schematic diagram of the force distribution on the support of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 4 This is the third schematic diagram of the force distribution on the support of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 5 This is a top view of the support of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the sliding condition of the support of the present invention.

[0043] The markings in the diagram are: 100-upper support plate, 200-flat sliding plate, 300-force measuring plate, 400-limiting ball plate, 500-lower support plate, 600-sensor, 700-fixing groove, 800-channel, 900-mounting groove, 110-spherical sliding plate, 111-signal processor. Detailed Implementation

[0044] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0045] Example

[0046] like Figure 1 As shown, a spherical force-measuring support includes an upper support plate 100, a flat sliding plate 200, a force-measuring insert 300, a limiting ball plate 400, a lower support plate 500, and a sensor 600; the upper support plate 100, the flat sliding plate 200, the force-measuring insert 300, the limiting ball plate 400, and the lower support plate 500 are connected sequentially from top to bottom;

[0047] The upper end of the upper support plate 100 is connected to the bridge beam, and the lower end of the upper support plate 100 is connected to the flat sliding plate 200; a fixing groove 700 is provided in the middle of the limiting ball plate 400, and a force measuring plate 300 is provided inside the fixing groove 700. A channel 800 is also provided on the limiting ball plate 400, and a sensor 600 is provided at the bottom of the force measuring plate 300. The sensor 600 is provided inside the channel 800.

[0048] The limiting ball plate 400 is slidably disposed inside the lower support plate 500, and the lower support plate 500 is fixedly connected to the pad stone.

[0049] In the present application, by cooperating the upper support plate 100, the flat sliding plate 200 and the fixed groove 700 of the force measuring panel 300, the sensor 600 directly measures the deformation of the steel material to eliminate external disturbances such as friction, and realizes accurate force measurement in the full range including low load working conditions, solving the problem that the partial support cannot measure force or has poor accuracy in the scene with small bearing capacity; based on the measurement scheme of directly capturing the displacement of the flat sliding plate 200, the stress path is clear and the signal transmission is simple, and the force measurement accuracy is improved by more than 30% compared with the traditional support; the sliding cooperation structure of the limiting ball plate 400 and the lower support plate 500 makes the sensor 600 more convenient to replace, and only a small amount of jacking beam body is needed to quickly complete the operation, and the maintenance efficiency is greatly improved.

[0050] The present embodiment provides a specific implementation. The support is mainly used for measuring the vertical force borne. As shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3 , the beam body applies vertical pressure downward through the upper support plate 100, and the cushion stone or pier top provides support force upward through the lower support plate 500. Inside the support, the vertical pressure of the upper support plate 100 is transmitted to the force measuring panel 300, and when the force measuring panel 300 bears the upper vertical load, it will produce elastic bending deformation in the groove 800 on the top surface of the limiting ball plate 400.

[0051] As shown in Figure 4 , when the force measuring panel 300 deforms at the position of the fixed sensor 600 due to stress, the sensor 600 will capture the deformation and send a signal change. The signal is transmitted through the signal processor 111, and the signal is converted into a signal corresponding to the force size by the signal processor 111, which can realize remote transmission or on-site display.

[0052] The specific measurement principle is: when the force measuring panel 300 is subjected to vertical pressure, its local part will produce bending deformation in the groove 800 of the limiting ball plate 400, and the bottom of the bending deformation of the force measuring panel 300 will produce strain, which is in linear proportional relationship with the vertical force, which can be expressed by the following formula:

[0053]

[0054] In the formula, represents the elastic strain of the bottom of the force measuring panel 300 due to stress; K is the comprehensive proportional coefficient of the support, is the size of the vertical force of the support.

[0055] Once the support structure is determined, the K value can be calibrated by the testing machine. After calibration, the K value is a fixed coefficient related to the support structure, which remains constant when the support structure does not change. Therefore, by measuring the strain of the force measuring panel 300 through the sensor 600 (such as a strain sensor), the vertical force borne by the support can be calculated using the above linear relationship, thereby realizing the force measurement function.

[0056] To ensure the accuracy of the support force, the sensor 600 needs to be arranged uniformly at 2 or more (for example, 6-8 sensors 600 are uniformly arranged at the bottom of the force measuring panel 300) around the force measuring panel 300. In some working conditions where the support rotates, the circumferential strain of the outer contour of the limiting ball plate 400 may not be consistent, so at least one sensor 600 needs to be arranged on the left and right sides of the rotating surface. The average strain value is obtained by taking the average of the strain values measured by the two sensors 600, and then multiplied by the calibrated proportionality coefficient K to obtain the vertical force borne by the support.

[0057] The installation process is as follows: first, the lower support plate 500 is connected and fixed with the cushion stone or the top of the pier through the anchor; then, the spherical sliding plate 110 is embedded and installed on the upper part of the lower support plate 500; subsequently, the spherical surface at the bottom of the limiting ball plate 400 forms a spherical surface rotating pair with the spherical sliding plate 110; then, the force measuring panel 300 is embedded and installed in the concave surface of the limiting ball plate 400; after that, the planar sliding plate 200 is embedded and installed on the force measuring panel 300; the upper support plate 100 is connected with the beam body through the anchor, so that the mirror surface plate on the upper support plate 100 forms a friction pair with the planar sliding plate 200. The high flatness and smoothness of the mirror surface plate can increase the actual contact area with the planar sliding plate 200, avoid local stress concentration caused by surface roughness, and prevent the planar sliding plate 200 from being crushed or unevenly worn; finally, the sensors 600 are uniformly distributed and fixed at the bottom of the force measuring panel 300 and located in the channel 800 on the top surface of the limiting ball plate 400 (as shown in FIG. 8), and the signal processor 111 is connected with the sensors 600 through wires. Figure 5

[0058] When the beam body bears the load, the vertical pressure is transmitted to the force measuring panel 300 through the upper support plate 100 and the planar sliding plate 200 in turn, the force measuring panel 300 produces elastic deformation in the channel 800 of the limiting ball plate 400, the sensor 600 captures the deformation signal and transmits it to the signal processor 111, and the signal processor 111 converts the signal into a force signal, thereby realizing the measurement of the vertical force of the support. As shown in FIG. 9, when the support rotates, the strain values measured by at least two sensors 600 arranged on the left and right sides of the rotating surface are averaged, and then multiplied by the calibrated proportionality coefficient to obtain the vertical force borne by the support. Figure 6

[0059] Example Two

[0060] ​​The embodiment provides a specific measurement method, and the measurement method provided by the embodiment further improves the measurement precision.

[0061] In the application, the force measuring panel 300 is limited in the fixing groove 700 of the limiting ball plate 400, and the bottom is suspended in the groove 800, and when different interval loads are borne, the elastic deformation of the force measuring panel 300 in the groove 800 mainly presents a low-load linear rule and a high-load micro-nonlinear rule (steel mechanical properties).

[0062] The sensors 600 are uniformly arranged at the bottom of the force measuring panel 300, can collect strain data under different loads, and are electrically connected with the signal processor 111, so that the original data of each load section can be transmitted in real time for calibration.

[0063] The sensors 600 are force analysis sensors 600, which are arranged at key positions of the force measuring panel 300 according to spatial postures, including C1 and C2 arranged along the x axis (sensitive to horizontal force Fx), D1 and D2 arranged along the y axis (sensitive to horizontal force Fy), and E1-E4 arranged at the center of the bottom (sensitive to vertical force Fz), a force-strain conversion matrix is established through coordinate transformation, and is respectively mapped to Fx, Fy and Fz components, and then cross errors are eliminated through least square method.

[0064] The interference data sensors are further arranged on the ball-type force measuring support, the interference data sensors are arranged in an edge area (such as a contact edge of the limiting ball plate 400 and the lower support plate 500) and a temperature sensitive area (such as an outer side of the groove 800) of the ball-type force measuring support, only collect interference signals such as temperature, vibration and rotation, do not participate in direct force calculation, and are used for determining interference intensity and parameters (such as temperature field weight coefficient , rotation interference coefficient ).

[0065] Abnormal data is excluded through cross verification: for example, the data of the sensor 600 in the A area (temperature sensitive area) is compared with the data of the sensor 600 in the B area (stress concentration area) after temperature error correction and stress error correction, mutual calibration deviation is ensured, and the reliability of core calculation data is ensured.

[0066] The limiting ball plate 400 and the spherical slide plate 110 between the lower support plate 500 form a rotation pair design, so that different interval loads can be accurately applied through a servo hydraulic testing machine in the calibration experiment, and the calibration process is consistent with the actual stress state.

[0067] Combining the structural characteristics of the ball-type force support (elastic deformation of the force panel 300, sliding / rotating pair of the limiting ball plate 400, strain sensing of the sensor 600), the three are fused to build a three-order mathematical model of interference stripping-interval adaptation-virtual-real calibration, which can systematically eliminate measurement errors. The specific model construction and application are as follows:

[0068] Step 1: Multi-physical field coupling interference stripping (eliminate cross interference).

[0069] Based on the multi-physical field coupling mechanism, the pure vertical force strain is calculated, and the interference strains of temperature, rotation, and vibration are stripped:

[0070]

[0071] In the formula, represents the total strain measured by the sensor 600, including the comprehensive strain of vertical load, support rotation, and environmental temperature; represents the environmental temperature, represents the rotation angle of the support, represents the vibration.

[0072] Among them, the coupling calculation model of the interference strain is:

[0073]

[0074] In the formula, the temperature field interference represents the coupling effect of thermal strain caused by temperature change + material elastic modulus change: represents the temperature interference weight coefficient, represents the strain caused by temperature alone, represents the rotation interference weight coefficient, represents the strain caused by rotation alone, represents the vibration interference weight coefficient, represents the strain caused by vibration alone.

[0075]

[0076] In the formula, is the linear expansion coefficient of steel, with a unit of length change rate per degree Celsius, is the reference temperature, is the temperature-dependent elastic modulus, is the temperature attenuation coefficient of the elastic modulus of steel (unit: ), determined by material testing; , A is the cross-sectional area of the force panel 300, For initial load, For reference temperature The elastic modulus of the steel material of the force plate (unit: MPa).

[0077] Displacement field interference : the bending additional strain caused by the rotation of the limiting ball plate 400 (spherical rotation pair characteristics), which is expressed by the following formula:

[0078]

[0079] In the formula, h is the thickness dimension of the force plate 300 in the vertical direction (force direction) (unit: mm), L is the length of the channel 800, is the rotation angle of the limiting ball plate 400 around the spherical rotation pair (unit: ), which is measured by the displacement sensor 600.

[0080] Vibration field interference : high-frequency noise strain caused by vehicle vibration; which is expressed by the following formula:

[0081]

[0082] wherein, is the vibration amplitude, is the vibration frequency, which is measured by the acceleration sensor 600, and t is the test time.

[0083] Coupling coefficient : calibrated by multi-physical field coupling experiment (such as temperature interference weight , rotation interference weight , and vibration interference weight ).

[0084] Step 2: Load interval adaptation (segmented nonlinear fitting): based on the mechanical properties of the steel material of the force plate 300 in the spherical force support (low load segment affected by the friction pair, high load segment showing micro nonlinearity), the load is divided into 4 intervals, and each interval is precisely mapped from pure vertical force strain to vertical force by a specific mathematical model, as follows:

[0085] wherein, the load interval is divided into ultra-low load, low load, medium load and high load;

[0086] The interval range of the ultra-low load is , and the load interval judgment condition is: when the pure vertical force strain obtained by the first step is less than or equal to the strain threshold corresponding to 15% of the rated load , it belongs to this interval.

[0087] The mathematical model is expressed using a linear correction model:

[0088]

[0089] In the formula, where, The basic proportional coefficient, This is the zero-drift correction coefficient for the ultra-low load range (to compensate for minor stress interference from the friction pair), used to counteract the minor additional stress generated by the contact friction between the planar sliding plate 200 and the force measuring plate 300 under low load (such stress will cause the measured value of the sensor 600 to deviate from the true strain). This indicates the vertical force borne by the support within the range of ultra-low loads.

[0090] The low load range is 15%. Up to 30% The load range determination condition is: when Greater than And less than or equal to the strain threshold corresponding to 30% of the rated load. When the interval is reached, it is classified into this interval; represented by a quadratic polynomial model, the mathematical model is:

[0091]

[0092] In the formula, the quadratic term This is used to correct for the uneven stress distribution at the contact surface between the planar sliding plate 200 and the force-measuring plate 300. During this stage, the load increases and the contact area gradually expands, but localized stress concentrations still exist, making it difficult for the linear model to adapt. For the coefficient of the first term in the low load section, This is the quadratic term coefficient for the low-load section (to correct for uneven stress at the contact surface). This indicates the vertical force borne by the support within the low load range.

[0093] The range for medium loads is 30%. Up to 70% The load range determination condition is: when Greater than And less than or equal to the strain threshold corresponding to 70% of the rated load. When the interval is reached, it falls into this range. A linear model is used to represent this, and the mathematical model is as follows:

[0094]

[0095] In the formula, K is the comprehensive proportional coefficient of the support. Within this range, the steel is in the ideal elastic stage, the force measuring plate 300 deforms uniformly, the planar sliding plate 200 has sufficient contact with the force measuring plate 300, the influence of friction is negligible, and the linear relationship is significant. This indicates the vertical force borne by the support within the medium load range.

[0096] The range of high loads is The load range determination condition is: when Greater than When the interval is reached, it is classified into this interval; using a cubic polynomial model, the mathematical model is:

[0097]

[0098] Among them, the cubic term Used to correct micro-nonlinearity when steel is close to its elastic limit (the elastic modulus of steel decreases slightly under high load, the deformation slope of the force measuring plate 300 changes slightly, and a single linear model will produce deviation). For the coefficient of the linear term, For the coefficient of the quadratic term, The coefficients for the cubic term in the high-load section (correcting the micro-nonlinearity of steel near its elastic limit). This indicates the vertical force borne by the support within the high load range.

[0099] The strain threshold in the above range (e.g.) ) and model parameters (such as All supports were calibrated by graded loading tests using a servo hydraulic testing machine to ensure they matched the actual deformation characteristics of the force measuring plate 300.

[0100] Step 3: Digital Twin Dynamic Calibration (Virtual-Real Closed-Loop Correction) Introducing the theoretical strain output of the digital twin model. (Ideal state with no spatial disturbance), and pure vertical force strain In contrast, the parameters of the dynamically adjusted interval model are used to achieve a closed loop of measurement, simulation, and calibration.

[0101] Calculation of virtual and real error:

[0102]

[0103] In the formula, Outputted from the digital twin model of the support, and based on finite element simulation calculations, parameters such as material aging and structural wear are dynamically updated. The difference between the theoretical strain (uninterrupted ideal state) output by the digital twin model and the measured strain under pure vertical force reflects the deviation between the model and reality.

[0104] Parameter correction mechanism: when (0.5% refers to the percentage of the full-scale strain of the support (i.e., the maximum measurable strain), at which the model parameters of the corresponding interval are automatically corrected.)

[0105] When in the medium load range (linear segment): correct the comprehensive support ratio coefficient. );

[0106] When in the high load interval (nonlinear segment): correct the cubic term coefficient (weight 0.3, avoid over-correction).

[0107] Long-term drift compensation: the digital twin model records the whole life cycle of the support Change trend, when the cumulative drift exceeds 1%, trigger micro-calibration (such as adjusting the ultra-low load interval , compensate for sensor 600 zero drift).

[0108] Through three-step processing, the final output of high-precision vertical force :

[0109]

[0110] Where, is the mathematical model corresponding to the load interval in the second step (such as , etc.).

[0111] In the present application, the third-order mathematical model is processed by multi-physical field interference stripping, load interval adaptation, and digital twin calibration, which systematically eliminates three types of core errors. The specific logic is as follows: multi-physical field cross interference error (temperature, vibration, rotation, etc.) Traditional method defects: only compensate for a single physical field (such as temperature), ignoring the coupling of temperature and force field (such as temperature rise will reduce the elastic modulus of steel, affecting the strain-force relationship), the coupling of rotation and force field (such as the rotation of the limiting ball plate 400 will cause additional bending strain of the force-embedded plate 300), and other cross effects, resulting in error accumulation.

[0112] Third-order model elimination path: the first step is to model the coupling of multiple physical fields, calculate the interference strain (including thermal strain caused by temperature, bending strain caused by rotation, and noise strain caused by vibration, and strip it from the measured strain of sensor 600 to get pure vertical force strain . Among them, the coupling coefficient is calibrated by experiment to ensure the quantification of the interference weight of each field. Precision improvement: this type of error is reduced from ±3% to ±0.5% by traditional methods.

[0113] Steel nonlinear characteristic error (low / high load segment) Traditional method defects: a single linear model cannot adapt to the nonlinear characteristics of steel under low load (affected by the friction pair) and high load (elastic modulus slightly reduced), resulting in low load segment error ±2.5%, high load segment error ±3%.

[0114] Third-order model elimination path: the second step is matched with the mechanical properties of each interval through the segmented model of four load intervals, the zero drift is corrected in the low load section, the uneven contact surface stress is adapted by the quadratic term in the low load section, the elastic modulus change is corrected by the cubic term in the high load section, and the linearity is maintained in the medium load section (matched with the ideal elastic stage of steel).

[0115] By the method in the application, the full-range nonlinear error is reduced from ±2.5% to ±0.8%.

[0116] Long-term aging / wear error (such as friction coefficient change, material fatigue) traditional method defects: model parameters are fixed, and the precision drift caused by the wear of the plane slide plate 200 (friction coefficient increase) and the fatigue of the force-embedding plate 300 (elastic modulus decrease) in the long-term use of the support cannot be compensated, and the annual attenuation rate is about 0.1%.

[0117] Third-order model elimination path: the third step is to output the theoretical strain through the digital twin model (real-time mapping of the current state of the support, including material aging parameters), and the pure vertical force strain The error is obtained by comparison , and the model parameters in the dynamic correction interval (such as the proportional coefficient K of the medium load section and the cubic term coefficient When the cumulative drift exceeds 1%, the zero drift correction is automatically triggered (such as adjusting the ).

[0118] By the method in the application, the annual precision attenuation rate is reduced from 0.1% per year to 0.02% per year.

[0119] In the laboratory simulation, the complex working conditions of-30℃~60℃ temperature fluctuation, +0~5° rotation, and 10~50Hz vibration are simulated, and the 1000kN level ball type force support is tested.

[0120] The experimental verification effect shows that in the simulation of the actual working conditions of the bridge (temperature-30℃~60℃, rotation angle of the limiting ball plate 400 0~5°, and vibration frequency 10~50Hz), the precision comparison between the third-order model and the traditional single linear model is as follows:

[0121] Low load working condition (100kN, 10% rated load): the error of the traditional model is ±2.8%, the error of the third-order model is reduced to ±0.6% through zero drift correction and interference stripping, and the precision is improved by 78.6%;

[0122] High load working condition (900kN, 90% rated load): the error of the traditional model is ±3.5% due to the change of elastic modulus, the error of the third-order model is reduced to ±0.7% through cubic term correction and digital twin calibration, and the precision is improved by 80%;

[0123] Temperature fluctuation condition (±30℃): the traditional model only makes simple temperature compensation, with an error of ±2.5%, and the third-order model reduces the error to ±0.4% by coupling modeling to strip the cross-influence of temperature and force field, with an accuracy improvement of 84%;

[0124] Long-term use condition: the traditional model accumulates an error of ±1.8% due to material aging, and the third-order model only accumulates an error of ±0.3% by dynamic correction of parameters through digital twinning, with an accuracy improvement of 83.3%.

[0125] In summary, the third-order model that integrates multi-physical field coupling, load interval division, and digital twinning can control the full-range measurement error of the spherical force support to within ±0.8%, meeting the demand for high-precision monitoring.

[0126] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as first and second and the like can merely be used to distinguish one entity or action from another, without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between or among the entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but can include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0127] Finally, it should be noted that: the above only describes the preferred embodiments of the present application, and is not used to limit the present application, although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, for those skilled in the art, the technical solutions recorded in the foregoing embodiments can still be modified, or some technical features can be replaced equivalently. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A method of measurement, characterized by: A spherical force measuring bearing is used to measure the bridge bearing. The spherical force measuring bearing includes an upper bearing plate (100), a flat sliding plate (200), a force measuring plate (300), a limiting ball plate (400), a lower bearing plate (500), and a sensor (600). The upper bearing plate (100), flat sliding plate (200), limiting ball plate (400), force measuring plate (300), and lower bearing plate (500) are connected in sequence from top to bottom. The upper end of the upper support plate (100) is connected to the beam of the bridge, and the lower end of the upper support plate (100) is in contact with the flat sliding plate (200); a fixing groove (700) is provided in the middle of the limiting ball plate (400), the force measuring plate (300) is set inside the fixing groove (700), a channel (800) is also provided on the limiting ball plate (400), and a sensor (600) is provided at the bottom of the force measuring plate (300), and the sensor (600) is set inside the channel (800); The limiting ball plate (400) is slidably disposed inside the lower support plate (500), and the lower support plate (500) is fixedly connected to the pad stone of the bridge; The specific measurement method is as follows: First, a spherical force-measuring support is placed under the bridge beam, and strain data of the force-measuring plate (300) is collected by multiple sensors (600) evenly arranged; When the force measuring plate (300) of the spherical force measuring support is subjected to the vertical pressure of the bridge, elastic deformation is generated in the channel (800) on the top surface of the limiting spherical plate (400). The sensor (600) captures the elastic deformation and generates the original strain signal. The original strain signal is stripped of multi-physics coupling interference by the signal processor (111) to eliminate cross interference and obtain pure vertical force strain; then, according to the load range where the pure vertical force strain is located, the strain signal is converted into a force magnitude signal by the mathematical model of the corresponding range, and after dynamic calibration by combining with the digital twin model, it is transmitted remotely or displayed on site. Elastic deformation and pure vertical force strain exhibit specific functional relationships in each load range, as follows: Ultra-low load range: wherein, represents the vertical force borne by the support in the range of ultra-low load, is the base proportionality coefficient, is the zero drift correction coefficient of the ultra-low load section; a low load range: wherein, represents the vertical force supported by the bearing in the low load range, is a linear term coefficient of the low load segment, is a quadratic term coefficient of the low load segment; Medium load range: wherein, represents the vertical force borne by the support in the medium load range, K is the comprehensive proportionality coefficient of the support, is the elastic strain of the force measuring panel bottom caused by force. High load zone: wherein, represents the vertical force borne by the support in the high load range, is a linear term coefficient of the high load segment, is a quadratic term coefficient of the high load segment, is a cubic term coefficient of the high load segment; The strain thresholds and model parameters for each interval were calibrated through graded loading experiments using a servo hydraulic testing machine.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein: A mounting groove (900) is provided above the force measuring plate (300), and the lower end of the flat slide plate (200) is located inside the mounting groove (900).

3. The method of claim 1, wherein: A mirror panel is welded below the upper support plate (100). The mirror panel and the flat slide plate (200) form a friction pair to reduce the friction between the mirror panel and the flat slide plate (200).

4. The method of claim 1, wherein: Multiple sensors (600) are provided, and the multiple sensors (600) are evenly arranged at the bottom of the force measuring plate (300).

5. A method of measurement according to claim 4, characterised in that: Each sensor (600) is electrically connected to the signal processor (111).

6. The method of claim 1, wherein: Below the limiting ball plate (400), there is also a spherical slide plate (110). The lower end of the spherical slide plate (110) is fixedly connected to the lower support plate (500), and the upper end of the spherical slide plate (110) is slidably connected to the limiting ball plate (400).

7. A method of measuring according to claim 6, characterised in that: The lower end of the limiting ball plate (400) and the upper end of the spherical sliding plate (110) form a spherical rotating pair.

8. A method of measuring according to claim 7, characterised in that: When the support rotates, at least two sensors (600) are arranged on the left and right sides of the rotating surface. The strain values measured by the sensors (600) are averaged and substituted into the mathematical model corresponding to the load interval. The difference between the theoretical strain output by the digital twin model and the measured pure vertical force strain is used to dynamically correct the model parameters, and the vertical force of the support is finally obtained.

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