Testing device for inhibiting Helmholtz resonance effect induced by internal pressure vortex induced by wind in roof holing

Abstract

The invention relates to a test device for inhibiting an internal pressure vortex-induced Helmholtz resonance effect caused by downwind during roof holing, and belongs to the technical field of wind tunnel tests, and the test device comprises a hole opening unit facilitating the adjustment of the shape and area of a building roof hole opening, a volume unit facilitating the volume segmentation of a building house body, and a plurality of hole wall units used for changing the wall thickness of the hole opening. Pressure measurement acquisition points are embedded in the volume units, the upper portions of the volume units are fixedly connected with building roofs, the building roofs are divided into cylindrical roofs and planar roofs, the cylindrical roofs are provided with a plurality of curvature adjusting devices used for adjusting the rise of the roofs to change the curvature of the roofs, and the curvature of the roofs can be changed by adjusting the hole opening rate and hole opening characteristics (such as curvature, shape and position). The problems that a traditional wind-induced internal pressure resonance effect testing device is not comprehensive in captured internal pressure response characteristics and low in success rate of reproducing the vortex-induced Helmholtz resonance effect due to the fact that the aperture ratio range of a structural model is small are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of wind tunnel testing, and relates to a test device for suppressing the Helmholtz resonance effect of wind-induced internal pressure vortex under a roof opening, and in particular to a test device for capturing and controlling the Helmholtz resonance effect of wind-induced internal pressure vortex under a roof opening. Background Art

[0002] The study and assessment of wind-induced internal pressure at openings in building roofs is of great significance in the field of building wind resistance. The vortex-induced Helmholtz resonance effect of wind-induced internal pressure occurs when, under specific conditions, the wind-induced internal pressure response absorbs both the energy of the normal Helmholtz resonance and the energy of vortex shedding from the airflow at the opening, resulting in a strong periodic pulsation. The resulting internal pressure pulsation is several times greater than that of the normal Helmholtz resonance at the opening. Combined with the external surface wind pressure, this can cause a multiple increase in the net wind pressure locally within the building, posing a significant threat to the safety of the building structure.

[0003] Currently, research methods for studying wind-induced internal pressure Helmholtz resonance in general building structures with openings are relatively mature, and related research results have been applied to building wind-resistant design research. However, research results on wind-induced internal pressure vortex-induced Helmholtz resonance, which has more intense pulsations, are still scarce. Due to this lack of relevant research results, how to stimulate wind-induced internal pressure vortex-induced Helmholtz resonance in wind tunnel tests and how to prevent and control the impact of wind-induced internal pressure vortex-induced Helmholtz resonance on building wind loads are urgent issues that need to be addressed by those skilled in the art.

[0004] Meanwhile, the study of wind-induced internal pressure requires extensive wind tunnel pressure measurement experiments. However, research on the response of wind-induced internal pressure to vortex-induced Helmholtz resonance (VIR) is currently rare. This is because the triggering mechanism of VIR remains unclear. Existing studies have only occasionally discovered this effect under oblique wind-directed wall openings. Traditional testing methods with fixed openings and fixed model volumes limit the range of opening ratios in the structural model, incompletely capturing the internal pressure response characteristics, and a low success rate in reproducing VIR. Therefore, traditional testing methods are unsuitable for studying VIR. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, in order to solve the problem that the traditional wind-induced internal pressure resonance effect test device has a small range of structural model opening rates, the captured internal pressure response characteristics are not comprehensive, and the success rate of reproducing the vortex-induced Helmholtz resonance effect is low, the present invention provides a test device for suppressing the wind-induced internal pressure vortex-induced Helmholtz resonance effect under roof openings.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] A test device for suppressing the Helmholtz resonance effect caused by wind-induced internal pressure vortexes under roof openings comprises an opening unit for facilitating adjustment of the shape and area of ​​a building roof opening, a volume unit for facilitating volumetric division of the building body, and a plurality of hole wall units for changing the wall thickness of the opening. The opening units comprise a plurality of rectangular opening units I and triangular opening units located at the edges of the opening, and a plurality of rectangular opening units II located in other areas. Adjacent rectangular opening units I, triangular opening units, and rectangular opening units II along the span direction of the building roof are connected by rollers, while adjacent rectangular opening units I, triangular opening units, and rectangular opening units II along the length direction of the building roof are connected by slots. The hole wall units have the same structure as the corresponding opening units, and the hole wall units along the wall thickness direction of the building roof are fixedly connected to the corresponding opening units.

[0008] Furthermore, a pressure measurement collection point is set in the middle of the rectangular hole unit I and the triangular hole unit, and a reserved hole for the pressure measuring tube is opened at the corresponding position at the bottom of the pressure measurement collection point. A pressure measuring tube pipeline channel is set at the bottom of the rectangular hole unit II to facilitate the routing of the pressure measuring tube.

[0009] Furthermore, the volume unit includes an expansion box and multiple partitions. The inner wall of the expansion box is provided with multiple slide grooves for fixing the partitions. The partitions are used to divide the internal volume of the building. Multiple pressure measurement and collection points are evenly buried inside the expansion box.

[0010] Furthermore, the building roof is fixedly connected to the volume unit by bolt fasteners arranged along the circumference of the volume unit, and the building roof is a plane roof or a cylindrical roof.

[0011] Furthermore, the cylindrical roof includes a base plate and three cover plates fixedly connected to the base plate. The three cover plates are hingedly connected through a hinge node I. A curvature adjustment device is provided between each cover plate and the base plate for adjusting the roof sagitta and changing the curvature of the roof.

[0012] Furthermore, the curvature adjustment device includes a curvature adjustment device I located in the middle of the cylindrical roof and a curvature adjustment device II located on both sides of the cylindrical roof. The curvature adjustment device I and the curvature adjustment device II both include a lifting end that abuts against the inner side of the corresponding cover plate, an outrigger hinged to the lifting end, and a lifting mechanism arranged under the base plate and connected to the outrigger.

[0013] Furthermore, the lifting mechanism includes a serrated plate fixedly connected to the bottom of the extended rod and a gear meshing with the serrated plate. A lifting switch is connected to the gear, which drives the gear by the lifting switch, thereby driving the serrated plate meshing with it to move up and down, driving the extended rod to rise or fall.

[0014] Furthermore, the outrigger is in the shape of a semi-dumbbell, thin at the top and thick at the bottom. The outrigger and the lifting mechanism are fitted with the same sleeve. A support frame for fixing the sleeve is provided outside the sleeve. A spring fitted on the outrigger is provided inside the sleeve. One end of the spring is fixedly connected to the inner side of the top of the sleeve, and the other end is fixedly connected to the top of the thick section of the outrigger. The spring ensures stability during the rising or falling of the outrigger.

[0015] Furthermore, a plurality of limiting openings are provided on the sleeve at the lower part of the bottom plate close to the serrated plate, and the extending rod is limited and fixed by inserting a partition plate into the limiting opening.

[0016] Furthermore, a grille plate is installed on the opening unit, and the grille plate has a permeability greater than 50%.

[0017] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0018] 1. The present invention discloses a test device for suppressing the wind-induced internal pressure vortex-induced Helmholtz resonance effect under roof openings. By adjusting the opening ratio and opening characteristics (such as curvature, shape, and position), it is successfully found that when the opening ratio is 0.5% to 1% and the opening is located at a thin-walled opening on the curved roof surface, it can effectively stimulate strong periodic vortex shedding turbulence, causing the internal pressure pulsation to reach more than 10 times that of ordinary Helmholtz resonance, significantly improving the success rate of reproducing the vortex-induced Helmholtz resonance effect. This solves the problems of narrow opening ratio range, incomplete internal pressure response characteristics, and low reproduction success rate in traditional methods.

[0019] 2. The test device disclosed in the present invention for suppressing the vortex-induced Helmholtz resonance effect of wind-induced internal pressure under roof openings can effectively suppress the amplitude of internal pressure pulsation under the vortex-induced Helmholtz resonance effect by adding grid plates with a porosity greater than 50% at the openings on the curved surface of the roof or increasing the wall thickness near the openings, providing a reference for wind-resistant safety measures for large-span roofs that take into account the influence of wind-induced internal pressure. At the same time, the resonance effect is weakened by adding hole wall units, cylindrical roof tails, and flat roof tails.

[0020] 3. The test device for suppressing the Helmholtz resonance effect caused by wind-induced internal pressure vortexes under roof openings disclosed in the present invention supports the rapid replacement of roof forms, i.e., flat roofs and cylindrical roofs, and adjustment of curvature through the modular design of adjustable hole units and adjustable volume units, which is suitable for multi-parameter research needs; the unique "jigsaw-style" hole unit combination (rectangular, triangular) and curvature adjustment device can accurately simulate the influence of different hole shapes, areas and curvatures on the resonance effect.

[0021] 4. The test device disclosed in the present invention for suppressing the wind-induced internal pressure vortex-induced Helmholtz resonance effect under a roof opening is not only suitable for wind tunnel test research, but also can provide guidance for the wind-resistant design of large-span roof buildings, and has good application prospects.

[0022] Other advantages, objects, and features of the present invention will be described in part in the following description and, in part, will be apparent to those skilled in the art upon examination of the following description or may be learned from practice of the present invention. The objects and other advantages of the present invention may be realized and obtained through the following description. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clear, the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0024] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of the test device for suppressing the wind-induced internal pressure vortex-induced Helmholtz resonance effect under a roof opening according to the present invention; 1(a) is the overall schematic diagram, and 1(b) is the schematic diagram after removing the cylindrical roof;

[0025] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the structure of the adjustable volume unit in the test device for suppressing the wind-induced internal pressure vortex-induced Helmholtz resonance effect under the roof opening of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the plane roof opening area in the test device for suppressing the wind-induced internal pressure vortex-induced Helmholtz resonance effect under the roof opening of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the cylindrical roof opening area in the test device for suppressing the wind-induced internal pressure vortex-induced Helmholtz resonance effect under the roof opening of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 5 This is a flow chart of the combination of the opening unit in the test device for suppressing the wind-induced internal pressure vortex-induced Helmholtz resonance effect under the roof opening of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the rectangular opening unit I in the test device for suppressing the wind-induced internal pressure vortex-induced Helmholtz resonance effect under the roof opening of the present invention; 6 (a) is the upper surface diagram, and 6 (b) is the lower surface diagram;

[0030] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of rectangular opening unit II in the test device for suppressing the wind-induced internal pressure vortex-induced Helmholtz resonance effect under a roof opening according to the present invention; 7(a) is the upper surface diagram, and 7(b) is the lower surface diagram;

[0031] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the triangular opening unit of the present invention to suppress the wind-induced internal pressure vortex-induced Helmholtz resonance effect test device under the roof opening; wherein 8 (a) is an upper surface diagram, 8 (b) is a lower surface diagram;

[0032] Figure 9 Schematic diagram of the hole wall unit in the test device for suppressing the wind-induced internal pressure vortex-induced Helmholtz resonance effect under the roof opening of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 10 Schematic diagram of the thickening of the opening in the test device for suppressing the wind-induced internal pressure vortex-induced Helmholtz resonance effect under the roof opening of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 11 Schematic diagram of the curvature adjustment of the opening unit in the test device for suppressing the wind-induced internal pressure vortex-induced Helmholtz resonance effect under the roof opening of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of the cylindrical roof curvature adjustment device in the test device for suppressing the wind-induced internal pressure vortex-induced Helmholtz resonance effect under the roof opening of the present invention; Figure 12 (a) is the front view, Figure 12 (b) is a side view;

[0036] Figure 13 This is a schematic structural diagram of a curvature adjustment device in a test device for suppressing the wind-induced internal pressure vortex-induced Helmholtz resonance effect under a roof opening according to the present invention;

[0037] Figure 14 for Figure 13 A partial enlarged view of the .

[0038] Figure 1: Volume unit 1, cylindrical roof 2, plane roof 3, bolt I 4, cylindrical roof front end opening area 5, cylindrical roof middle opening area 6, cylindrical roof rear end opening area 7, plane roof front end opening area 8, plane roof middle opening area 9, plane roof rear end opening area 10, bolt hole I 11, slide 12, pressure measurement collection point 13, grid plate 14, rectangular opening unit I 15, rectangular opening unit II 16, triangular opening unit 17, bolt II 18, reserved opening for pressure measuring tube 19, bolt hole II 20, pressure measuring tube pipeline channel 21, hole wall unit 22, curvature adjustment device I 23, hinged node I 24, curvature adjustment device II 25, protruding rod 26, sleeve 27, support frame 28, limit opening 29, lifting switch 30, spring 31, hinged node II 32, lifting end 33, gear 34, serrated plate 35. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] The following describes the embodiments of the present invention by means of specific examples, and those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the contents disclosed in this specification. The present invention can also be implemented or applied through other different specific embodiments, and the details in this specification can also be modified or changed in various ways based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of the present invention. It should be noted that the illustrations provided in the following embodiments are only schematic illustrations of the basic concept of the present invention, and the following embodiments and features in the embodiments can be combined with each other without conflict.

[0040] Example 1

[0041] like Figure 1 The test device shown is a device for suppressing the Helmholtz resonance effect caused by wind-induced internal pressure vortex under a roof opening, which includes a hole unit for facilitating adjustment of the shape and area of ​​the roof hole, a volume unit 1 for facilitating the volume division of the roof body, and a plurality of hole wall units 22 for changing the thickness of the hole wall.

[0042] Reference Figure 2 The volume unit 1 comprises an expansion box and multiple partitions, each internally provided with a chute 12 for securing the partitions. The partitions divide the building's internal volume. Multiple pressure measurement and collection points 13 are evenly embedded within the expansion box. The top of the volume unit 1 is fixedly connected to the building roof. Bolt holes 11 are evenly distributed around the top of the volume unit 1 at positions corresponding to the building roof. 12mm large bolts 14 are inserted into these bolt holes, enabling rapid replacement of the roof.

[0043] Building roof is divided into Figure 3 The plane roof 3 shown and Figure 4 There are two types of cylindrical roofs 2 shown. These two types of roofs basically cover most of the flat roof openings and curved roof openings. This embodiment takes a flat roof as an example.

[0044] Reference Figure 3 The opening areas on the plane roof 3 are, from front to back, the plane roof front opening area 8, the plane roof middle opening area 9 and the plane roof tail opening area 10, and the external pressure pulsation energy of the openings is from high to low.

[0045] Reference Figure 5 The hole unit can adjust the hole shape and area size of the hole area by puzzle. The hole can also be equipped with accessories such as grille plates 14, and the permeability of grille plates 14 is greater than 50%. This embodiment sets three types of hole units, including rectangular hole units 1 15 located at the edge of the hole (refer to Figure 6 ), triangular opening unit 17 located at the edge of the opening (refer to Figure 8) and rectangular opening unit II 16 located in other areas (refer to Figure 7 A pressure collection point 13 is provided in the middle of the rectangular hole unit I 15 and the triangular hole unit 17, and a reserved hole 19 for a pressure measuring tube is opened at the corresponding position at the bottom of the pressure collection point 13. A pressure measuring tube pipeline channel 21 is provided at the bottom of the rectangular hole unit II 16 to facilitate the routing of the pressure measuring tube.

[0046] Bolt holes II 20 are provided at opposite positions on the upper and lower surfaces of the rectangular hole unit I 15 , the rectangular hole unit II 16 and the triangular hole unit 17 , and the same 5 mm bolt II 18 is inserted into the bolt hole II 20 .

[0047] Reference Figure 11 There are two connection methods for the design of the opening unit. One connection method is: the adjacent rectangular opening unit I 15, triangular opening unit 17 and rectangular opening unit II 16 along the span direction of the building roof are connected by rollers, which can rotate the corresponding angle according to the change of the roof curvature, such as Figure 11 Another connection method is to use slot-type connections between adjacent rectangular opening units I 15, triangular opening units 17, and rectangular opening units II 16 along the length of the building roof. These connections are reinforced with bolts, and the opening units at the edge of the openings can be closed with plugs to avoid affecting the shape of the openings.

[0048] Reference Figures 9-11 The hole wall unit 22 is used to change the hole wall thickness. The hole wall unit 22 adopts a roller connection similar to the hole unit to adjust the curvature transformation. The upper and lower surfaces are penetrated by long bolts and fixed to the hole unit to increase the thickness of the building roof hole.

[0049] Example 2

[0050] The difference between the second embodiment and the first embodiment is that the building roof form is different. This embodiment takes the cylindrical roof as an example. Figure 4 The cylindrical roof 2 includes a base plate and three cover plates, and the three cover plates are hingedly connected by a hinge node I24. The opening areas of the cylindrical roof 2 include the opening area 5 at the front end of the cylindrical roof, the opening area 6 in the middle of the cylindrical roof, and the opening area 7 at the tail end of the cylindrical roof according to the external pressure pulsation energy of the opening.

[0051] The design of the opening units of the cylindrical roof 2 is the same as that of the flat roof 3, that is, the rectangular opening units I 15, triangular opening units 17, and rectangular opening units II 16 adjacent along the span direction of the building roof are connected by rollers, and the rectangular opening units I 15, triangular opening units 17, and rectangular opening units II 16 adjacent along the length direction of the building roof are connected by slots. The design of the hole wall units 22 of the cylindrical roof 2 is also the same as that of the flat roof 3. The hole wall units 22 have the same structure as the corresponding hole units of the cylindrical roof 2. The hole wall units 22 along the thickness direction of the building roof are fixedly connected to the corresponding hole units by long bolts.

[0052] Reference Figure 12-14 The cylindrical roof 2 includes a base plate and three cover plates fixedly connected to the base plate. The three cover plates are hingedly connected through a hinge node I24. A curvature adjustment device for adjusting the roof sagitta and changing the curvature of the roof is provided between each cover plate and the base plate. The curvature adjustment device is arranged in 3 rows and 6 columns.

[0053] The curvature adjustment device includes a curvature adjustment device I23 located in the middle of the cylindrical roof and a curvature adjustment device II25 located on both sides of the cylindrical roof. The curvature adjustment device I23 and the curvature adjustment device II25 both include a lifting end 33 that abuts against the inner side of the corresponding cover plate, an outrigger 26 hinged to the lifting end 33 through a hinge node II 32, and a serrated plate 35 arranged under the base plate and fixedly connected to the outrigger 26. A gear 34 is engaged on the serrated plate 35, and a lifting switch 30 is connected to the gear 34. The gear 34 is driven by the lifting switch 30, thereby driving the serrated plate 35 engaged with it to move up and down, driving the outrigger 26 to rise or fall, and thereby adjusting the sagittal height and curvature of the cylindrical roof 2.

[0054] The extended rod 26 is shaped like a semi-dumbbell, tapering at the top and thickening at the bottom. The extended rod 26 and the lifting mechanism are fitted with a sleeve 27. A support frame 28 is located outside the sleeve 27 to secure the sleeve 27. The support frame 28 supports and secures the sleeve 27. A spring 31 is located within the sleeve 27, which fits over the extended rod 26. One end of the spring 31 is fixedly connected to the inner side of the top of the sleeve 27, and the other end is fixedly connected to the top of the thick section of the extended rod 26. The spring 31 ensures stability during the raising and lowering of the extended rod 26. The sleeve 27, located on the lower part of the base plate near the serrated plate 35, is equipped with multiple retaining openings 29. After the extended rod 26 is raised to the desired position, suitable spacers can be inserted into the retaining openings 29 to retain the free end of the extended rod 26, thereby enhancing support for the upper cover plate of the cylindrical roof 2.

[0055] The device is placed inside the wind tunnel to form a test model with reasonable size, simplicity and reliability, which can effectively capture the wind-induced internal pressure and the external pressure response of the tunnel entrance, and provide ideal triggering conditions for the vortex-induced Helmholtz resonance effect.

[0056] Based on this detachable test device, the multi-parameter test of the vortex-induced Helmholtz resonance effect can be carried out in the following steps:

[0057] To investigate the effect of opening curvature on the triggering of the vortex-induced Helmholtz resonance effect, a location with high characteristic turbulence on the roof surface, from the end, middle, or tail, was selected as the opening design area based on the incoming wind direction. First, using flat roof 3 as the research object, the size, shape, and location of the roof opening were designed. Wind tunnel tests were conducted to collect the time history of wind-induced internal pressure and opening external pressure. The opening curvature on flat roof 3 was set to zero. The projected area, shape, and location of the opening on cylindrical roof 2 were kept the same as those on flat roof 3. The curvature adjustment device within cylindrical roof 2 was first used to increase the sagittal height of the cylindrical roof 2 frame. The angle of the roll axis of the opening unit was then adjusted. The increase in opening curvature was achieved through a puzzle-like connection. The wind-induced internal and external pressure responses of the opening were collected for each curvature. The vibration characteristics of the wind-induced internal pressure under each opening curvature were analyzed based on the response power spectrum. Once strong periodic pulsation occurred, the vortex-induced Helmholtz resonance effect was triggered.

[0058] 2. If the effect of the opening shape on the triggering of the vortex-induced Helmholtz resonance effect is studied, the openings can be designed on the flat roof 3 and the cylindrical roof 2 respectively, such as Figure 5 As shown in the figure, by adding different numbers of opening units to move the puzzle, the projection shape of the roof opening is changed, such as square, long rectangle, triangle, etc., while ensuring that the projection area of ​​the opening remains unchanged. This allows the device to collect the response characteristics of the external pressure and wind-induced internal pressure of the opening under different projection shapes, and compare and analyze which opening shape excites the largest internal pressure pulsation.

[0059] 3. If research is conducted on measures to suppress the vortex-induced Helmholtz resonance effect, since modifying the local opening structure offers the lowest cost and highest engineering feasibility, a test condition that stimulates the vortex-induced Helmholtz resonance effect can be selected and tested around the designed opening. Parameters such as the opening shape, projected area, and curvature are not only related to the building's initial design but are also susceptible to the damage state of the panels when the enclosing structure experiences wind-induced failure. Therefore, keeping these three parameters constant, two engineering-friendly measures are considered: installing grille panels 14 and increasing the thickness of the local opening wall. First, grille panels 14 with varying permeabilities are installed within the designed opening. Second, the number of wall units 22 is increased, achieving an effect similar to that of adding a wake plate to the inner surface of the opening. This allows the device to accurately determine the relationship between the opening's external pressure, the wind-induced internal pressure response, and the permeability of the grille panels 14 and the opening wall thickness.

[0060] Through a similar operating process, this patented test device is capable of multi-parameter testing of the vortex-induced Helmholtz resonance effect, with a designed opening ratio of 0.5% to 1%. Experiments have proven this device to be simple and reliable, effectively capturing wind-induced vortex-induced Helmholtz resonance effects in open wind conditions, which are over 10 times higher than the internal pressure pulsations under normal Helmholtz resonance. Adding a 50% permeability grid plate 14 to the opening in Class A terrain can reduce the internal pressure pulsations under the vortex-induced Helmholtz resonance effect to the level of normal Helmholtz resonance. Therefore, this test device can be expanded to the structural form design and wind disaster safety assessment of large-span curved roof buildings, specifically how to avoid excessive internal pressure pulsations caused by improper functional opening design, and how to prevent further increases in structural wind loads due to localized enclosure failure. This test device is foreseeable to have promising research and application prospects.

[0061] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not limiting. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present invention can be modified or replaced by equivalents without departing from the purpose and scope of the technical solutions, which should all be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A test device for suppressing the Helmholtz resonance effect caused by wind-induced internal pressure vortex under a roof opening, characterized in that: The invention comprises an opening unit for facilitating adjustment of the shape and area of ​​the opening of the building roof, a volume unit (1) for facilitating the volume division of the building body, and a plurality of opening wall units (22) for changing the thickness of the opening wall; the opening unit comprises a plurality of rectangular opening units I (15), a triangular opening unit (17) located at the edge of the opening, and a plurality of rectangular opening units II (16) located in other areas; the rectangular opening units I (15), the triangular opening unit (17), and the rectangular opening unit II (16) adjacent to each other along the span direction of the building roof are connected by roller type, and the rectangular opening units I (15), the triangular opening unit (17), and the rectangular opening unit II (16) adjacent to each other along the length direction of the building roof are connected by slot type; the opening wall unit (22) has the same structure as the corresponding opening unit, and the opening wall unit (22) along the thickness direction of the building roof is fixedly connected to the corresponding opening unit.

2. The test device according to claim 1, characterized in that A pressure measurement collection point (13) is provided in the middle of the rectangular hole unit I (15) and the triangular hole unit (17), and a reserved hole (19) for a pressure measuring tube is opened at a corresponding position at the bottom of the pressure measurement collection point (13). A pressure measuring tube pipeline channel (21) is provided at the bottom of the rectangular hole unit II (16) to facilitate the routing of the pressure measuring tube.

3. The test device according to claim 1, characterized in that The volume unit comprises an expansion box and a plurality of partitions. A plurality of slide grooves (12) for fixing the partitions are provided on the inner wall of the expansion box. The partitions are used to divide the internal volume of the building. A plurality of pressure measurement and collection points (13) are evenly buried inside the expansion box.

4. The test device according to claim 1, characterized in that The building roof is fixedly connected to the volume unit via bolt fasteners arranged along the circumference of the volume unit. The building roof is a plane roof (3) or a cylindrical roof (2).

5. The test device according to claim 4, characterized in that The cylindrical roof (2) comprises a base plate and three cover plates fixedly connected to the base plate, the three cover plates being hingedly connected via hinge nodes I (24), and a curvature adjustment device for adjusting the roof sagitta and changing the curvature of the roof is provided between each cover plate and the base plate.

6. The test device according to claim 5, characterized in that The curvature adjustment device comprises a curvature adjustment device I (23) located in the middle of the cylindrical roof and a curvature adjustment device II (25) located on both sides of the cylindrical roof. The curvature adjustment device I (23) and the curvature adjustment device II (25) each comprise a lifting end (33) abutting against the inner side of the corresponding cover plate, an outrigger (26) hinged to the lifting end (33), and a lifting mechanism arranged below the bottom plate and connected to the outrigger (26).

7. The test device according to claim 6, characterized in that The lifting mechanism comprises a sawtooth plate (35) fixedly connected to the bottom of the extended rod (26) and a gear (34) meshed with the sawtooth plate (35). The gear (34) is connected to a lifting switch (30). The gear (34) is driven by the lifting switch (30), thereby driving the sawtooth plate (35) meshed with the gear (34) to move up and down, thereby driving the extended rod (26) to rise or fall.

8. The test device according to claim 7, characterized in that The extended rod (26) is in the shape of a semi-dumbbell with a thin top and a thick bottom. The extended rod (26) and the lifting mechanism are sheathed with the same sleeve (27). A support frame (28) for fixing the sleeve (27) is provided outside the sleeve (27). A spring (31) sheathed on the extended rod (26) is provided inside the sleeve (27). One end of the spring (31) is fixedly connected to the inner side of the top of the sleeve (27), and the other end is fixedly connected to the top of the thick section of the extended rod (26). The spring (31) ensures stability during the rising or falling process of the extended rod (26).

9. The test device according to claim 8, characterized in that A plurality of limiting openings (29) are provided on the sleeve (27) at the lower part of the bottom plate near the serrated plate (35), and the extending rod (26) is limited and fixed by inserting a partition plate into the limiting opening (29).

10. The test device according to claim 1, wherein: A grid plate is installed on the hole unit, and the grid plate (14) has a permeability greater than 50%.

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