Long-term automatic monitoring equipment for bridge siltation in reservoir area

Abstract

The invention discloses long-term automatic monitoring equipment for bridge siltation in a reservoir area, and relates to the technical field of hydraulic engineering, and the long-term automatic monitoring equipment comprises a sounding pipe which sleeves or is embedded in a pier, and the length of the sounding pipe is set along the height direction of the pier; a plurality of through holes are uniformly distributed in the sounding pipe in the length direction of the sounding pipe, and the through holes are used for communicating the accommodating space with the external space of the pier; the floating crane type detection device comprises a floating object, a sonar detector and a range finder, and the range finder is used for measuring the distance between the pipe top of the sounding pipe and the water surface; the floating object is located in the containing space and floats on the water surface. The sonar detector is located on the floating object and used for detecting the water depth in the containing space. By adopting the scheme, long-term automatic monitoring of the sludge at the pier can be performed in a targeted manner, and compared with an existing measurement method, the method is convenient to construct and low in comprehensive cost, and cannot be lost in large water areas such as reservoirs and rivers.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of water conservancy projects, and in particular to a long-term automatic monitoring device for reservoir bridge siltation. Background Art

[0002] The problem of bridge siltation in reservoir areas is an important factor affecting the safe operation of reservoirs and the stability of bridge structures. During the early construction and later operation of bridges, water scouring and sediment accumulation at the bridge site will have a significant impact on the stability of the bridge foundation. If the siltation around the bridge foundation is not grasped in time, it may cause the settlement of the bridge foundation, uneven force on the piers, and even cause the bearing capacity of the bridge foundation to decrease, thereby endangering the safety of the bridge. Therefore, long-term monitoring of bridge siltation in reservoir areas is very necessary. At present, a variety of technologies and equipment have been used to monitor bridge siltation in reservoir areas. The following are some common technical means and equipment: (1) Water level and flow monitoring The water level changes and water flow velocity in the reservoir area are closely related to the sedimentation situation. Therefore, long-term monitoring of water level and water flow is very important for evaluating the dynamic changes of sedimentation. Commonly used techniques include: Buoy sensors: These sensors are installed to monitor water level changes and, in conjunction with a flow meter, record water flow changes in real time. By analyzing flow rates and water level changes, it is possible to predict areas where siltation is likely to occur.

[0003] Current profiler: By setting up a current profiler in the reservoir area, the changes in water flow velocity at different water depths can be monitored, helping to identify water flow disturbances, rapids, and the transportation and accumulation of sediments.

[0004] Manual measurement: Water depths are measured regularly at selected points around the bridge using sounding tools (such as sounding rods and ropes). Sedimentation conditions are then inferred by comparing these measurements with historical or design data. This method is labor-intensive and inefficient, and the accuracy of the measured data is significantly affected by human factors, such as the operator's proficiency and line of sight errors. Furthermore, manual measurement poses certain risks when the reservoir is large and the water level is deep.

[0005] (2) Sediment monitoring technology 1) Sonar technology: Sonar technology is a commonly used method to monitor sedimentation in reservoir areas, mainly using sound waves to detect the thickness, type and distribution of sediments.

[0006] Side Scan Sonar (SSS): Side Scan Sonar can be used to image underwater terrain. It can clearly detect the silt layer on the bottom of the water and the sedimentation around the bridge foundation, providing an accurate sediment distribution map.

[0007] Single-beam or multi-beam echo sounders: These devices use sound wave reflections to measure the depth to the water bottom. They can create three-dimensional models of sediment accumulation, especially near bridge piers, and can effectively monitor the accumulation process of sediment.

[0008] 2) Water quality monitoring: Water quality monitoring can indirectly reflect the siltation situation in reservoir areas, particularly the relationship between suspended matter concentration and sediment in the water. For example, using water quality analysis instruments to monitor indicators such as turbidity and suspended particulate matter concentration can help determine whether large-scale sedimentation has occurred.

[0009] 3) Sediment sampling: Regular sediment sampling, combined with laboratory analysis, provides detailed information on reservoir sedimentation, such as sediment composition, sedimentation rate, and trends. This can be accomplished manually or with automated sampling devices.

[0010] Analysis of the above research reveals that existing buoy-based current profiler technology is suitable for macro-monitoring in larger water bodies, such as reservoirs and rivers. However, the equipment suffers from limited accuracy, high cost, and is easily damaged or lost by floods. Sonar technology requires both the transmitter and receiver to be submerged in water. For monitoring localized siltation at bridge piers, the equipment is overly large, requires fixed installations, requires constant submersion of the probe, and requires manual operation, making it unsuitable for long-term automated monitoring. Currently, there are no proven methods for extracting sediment or detecting its indicators.

[0011] Currently, the primary focus of attention on siltation is on reservoir designers and managers, while there is currently no dedicated monitoring of siltation across the reservoir's bridges. From a monitoring perspective, siltation at bridge piers is localized relative to the reservoir itself, making the combination of buoys and current profilers unsuitable and costly. Sonar technology needs to be adaptable to localized measurements of bridge piers, meaning bridge professionals are interested in real-time siltation and scour monitoring within the immediate vicinity of the piers. Currently, sonar technology requires measurement onboard survey vessels, which is costly and prevents long-term automated monitoring. Sediment extraction requires specialized teams using submerged tube technology. Summary of the Invention

[0012] The present invention aims to solve the deficiencies of the prior art and to provide a long-term automatic monitoring device for reservoir bridge siltation. By adopting this solution, targeted long-term automatic monitoring of silt can be carried out at bridge piers. Compared with the existing measurement methods, the construction is convenient, the overall cost is low, and the data will not be lost in larger water bodies such as reservoirs and rivers.

[0013] The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: A long-term automatic monitoring device for reservoir bridge siltation, comprising: A sounding tube is sleeved or buried in the pier, with the length of the sounding tube arranged along the height direction of the pier; an accommodation space arranged along the height direction of the pier is provided on the inner side of the sounding tube, and a plurality of through holes are uniformly distributed along the length of the sounding tube, and the through holes are used to connect the accommodation space with the external space of the pier; A floating detection device includes a floating object, a sonar detector and a rangefinder. The rangefinder is used to measure the distance from the top of the sounding tube to the water surface; the floating object is located in the accommodating space and floats on the water surface; the sonar detector is located on the floating object and is used to detect the water depth in the accommodating space.

[0014] Compared with the existing technology, there is currently no separate focus on siltation monitoring for reservoir bridges, and conventional technical means are unable to conduct long-term and stable siltation monitoring of larger water areas in the reservoir area. The present invention provides a long-term automatic monitoring device for siltation in reservoir bridges. By adopting this solution, long-term automatic monitoring of silt can be carried out at the bridge piers. Compared with the existing measurement methods, it is convenient to construct, has low overall cost, and will not be lost in larger water areas such as reservoirs and rivers. The specific solution includes a sounding tube that is sleeved or buried on the pier. When the sounding tube is sleeved on the pier, an accommodation space can be left between the inner side of the sounding tube and the side wall of the pier; when the sounding tube is buried in the pier, the sounding tube is located at the edge of the pier cross section and on the inner side of the pier stirrups, and is welded to the stirrups at appropriate positions, so that the interior of the sounding tube can be used as an accommodation space; the present invention preferably buries the sounding tube in the pier, which can be used to measure scour while measuring siltation; a number of through holes are evenly distributed on the side wall of the sounding tube, and the through holes are connected to the outside world. In this way, the siphon principle can be used to suck the silt in the water into the accommodation space until the silt height inside and outside is the same. At this time, only the internal silt needs to be monitored to obtain the silt parameters of the entire pier; the height of the accommodation space is between the bottom and the top of the sounding tube itself. A detection device is also provided in the accommodation space within the sounding tube. The detection device includes a floating object, a sonar detector, and a rangefinder. The floating object can be a float, a floating plate, an air model, or other floating objects. The present invention preferably uses a float, and the sonar detector is provided on the float. In this way, the float can change with the change of the water level in the accommodation space, so that the sonar detector is always located at the water surface. Therefore, the water depth inside the accommodation space, that is, the height between the water surface and the silt, can be measured by the sonar detector. Since the total length of the sounding tube is fixed, the distance between the top of the tube and the water surface can be measured by the rangefinder on the float or on the top of the sounding tube. Therefore, the silt depth can be obtained by subtracting the total height of the sounding tube from the water depth measured by the sonar detector and subtracting the top distance measured by the rangefinder. This solution sets the detection device in the sounding tube, which can always keep the sonar detector stably at the water surface of the bridge pier and can automatically change with the change of the water level. Its sonar depth measurement has high accuracy and has significant advantages in reservoir bridges. In addition, the sounding pipes can be generally arranged along the height direction of the pier, or 1-4 sounding pipes can be arranged in sequence from bottom to top; the sounding pipes are preferably stainless steel pipes.

[0015] In a further embodiment, in order to facilitate the flow of sediment into the through hole, the lower end of the through hole is a plane. In particular, L-shaped flute holes can be arranged at equal distances on the sounding tube.

[0016] A further solution is a specific implementation method for burying and fixing the sounding pipe. When the sounding pipe is buried in the pier, the sounding pipe is located inside the pier stirrups and is welded to the pier stirrups.

[0017] Furthermore, to ensure the sonar probe is securely suspended on the buoy, the sonar probe is suspended from the floating object via a chain. The chain is made of stainless steel and is of sufficient length to allow the probe to remain below the water surface. The sonar probe has Bluetooth functionality and transmits sonar signals at regular intervals according to a program to measure the water depth in the sounding tube.

[0018] A further solution is to leave a sufficiently large inspection passage for maintenance. The top of the sounding pipe is also provided with an inspection hole, and the inspection hole is provided with an inspection door for opening or closing.

[0019] A further solution, to facilitate the clearing of abnormally inhaled material from the sounding pipe, includes a clearing device comprising a retractable metal hose with a nozzle at the end for spraying high-pressure water. In this solution, the clearing device comprises a retractable metal hose, which is longer than the height of the sounding pipe and can be inserted into the pipe through an inspection hole. High-pressure water is supplied along the pipe by a pressure pump at the rear end of the device, using river water from the same location. This high-pressure water flushes away abnormally inhaled material from the sidewalls.

[0020] Furthermore, to facilitate the removal of floating objects from the sounding tube, the end of the metal hose is equipped with an electromagnet. The floating object is attached with an iron block. The iron block is located at the top of the float and can be attracted by the electromagnet of the blockage removal device and lifted out of the detection hole for maintenance.

[0021] Furthermore, to facilitate the detection of floating objects and abnormal internal inhalation, the end of the metal hose is also equipped with a high-definition camera and a searchlight. The end of the metal hose is equipped with a high-definition camera with wireless signal transmission and a pinhole searchlight to search for floating objects and abnormal internal inhalation.

[0022] A further solution, to verify the sonar detector data, also includes an ultrasonic siltation measurement system. The ultrasonic siltation measurement system includes several ultrasonic probes evenly distributed along the length of the sounding tube. The ultrasonic probes are used to test the properties of the silt in the sounding tube. In this solution, an ultrasonic siltation meter is installed at each pier. Its principle is to use ultrasonic transmitting and receiving devices to test the properties of the silt, namely the physical and mechanical properties, and can also provide verification for sonar sounding. The system consists of ultrasonic probes evenly distributed along the length of the sounding tube. The probe spacing can be set within the range of 2m to 10m according to the predicted siltation depth. The ultrasonic siltation meter has a wireless data transmission function, and the data can be transmitted back to the monitoring platform.

[0023] A further solution is to measure the bottom pressure caused by siltation. The sounding tube is arranged along the entire length of the pier, with its upper end located at the cap beam and the lower end located at the pedestal; a pressure gauge for measuring silt pressure is provided at the bottom of the space inside the sounding tube.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects: 1. The present invention provides a long-term automatic monitoring device for reservoir bridge siltation. By adopting this solution, targeted long-term automatic monitoring of silt can be carried out at the bridge piers. Compared with the existing measurement method, it is convenient to construct, has low overall cost, and will not be lost in larger water bodies such as reservoirs and rivers.

[0025] 2. The present invention provides a long-term automatic monitoring device for reservoir bridge siltation. According to this solution, a clearing device is provided, and an iron block is provided at the upper end of the float, which can be adsorbed by the electromagnet of the clearing device and lifted out of the detection hole for maintenance. At the same time, it can also facilitate the cleaning of abnormal suction objects for the sounding pipe.

[0026] 3. This invention provides a long-term automatic monitoring system for reservoir bridge siltation. Using this solution, an ultrasonic probe can test the properties of silt deposits using ultrasonic transmitters and receivers, and also provide verification for sonar depth measurement. After removing the sonar depth sounder from the sounding tube, the ultrasonic probe can be inserted to perform integrity testing on active bridge piers using the same methods as pile foundation testing. This perfectly solves the problem of underwater pier integrity testing after incidental loads such as earthquakes and ship collisions. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the exemplary embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the examples. It should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate certain embodiments of the present invention and should not be considered as limiting the scope. A person of ordinary skill in the art can also derive other relevant drawings based on these drawings without inventive effort. In the drawings: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the long-term automatic monitoring equipment for reservoir bridge sedimentation provided by the present invention; Figure 2 A schematic structural diagram of the floating detection device provided by the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic structural diagram of the long-term automatic monitoring equipment for reservoir bridge sedimentation when the bridge piers provided by the present invention are newly built; Figure 4 This is a structural schematic diagram of the long-term automatic monitoring equipment for reservoir bridge siltation after silt scour occurs provided by the present invention.

[0028] Markings and corresponding parts names in the accompanying drawings: 1-bridge pier, 2-sounding pipe, 201-through hole, 202-manhole, 3-floating detection device, 301-floating object, 302-sonar detector, 303-lifting chain, 304-rangefinder, 4-cap beam, 5-suspension platform, 6-pressure gauge. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. However, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that these specific details are not necessarily required to practice the present invention. In other embodiments, well-known structures, circuits, materials, or methods are not described in detail to avoid obscuring the present invention.

[0030] Throughout this specification, references to "one embodiment," "an embodiment," "an example," or "an example" mean that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment of the present invention. Therefore, appearances of the phrases "one embodiment," "an embodiment," "an example," or "an example" in various places throughout this specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in one or more embodiments or examples in any suitable combinations and / or subcombinations. Furthermore, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that the figures provided herein are for illustrative purposes only and are not necessarily drawn to scale. As used herein, the term "and / or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0031] In the description of the present invention, the terms "front", "rear", "left", "right", "up", "down", "vertical", "horizontal", "high", "low", "inside", "outside" and the like indicate directions or positional relationships based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific direction. Therefore, they should not be understood as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0032] Example: This embodiment provides a long-term automatic monitoring device for reservoir bridge sedimentation, such as Figures 1-4 As shown, including: A sounding tube 2 is sleeved or buried in the pier 1. The length of the sounding tube 2 is arranged along the height direction of the pier 1. The inner side of the sounding tube 2 is provided with a receiving space arranged along the height direction of the pier 1. The sounding tube 2 is also provided with a plurality of through holes 201 distributed along its length. The through holes 201 are used to connect the receiving space with the external space of the pier 1. The floating detection device 3 includes a float 301, a sonar detector 302 and a rangefinder 304. The rangefinder 304 is used to measure the distance from the top of the sounding tube 2 to the water surface; the float 301 is located in the accommodating space and floats on the water surface; the sonar detector 302 is located on the float 301 and is used to detect the water depth in the accommodating space.

[0033] Compared with the existing technology, there is currently no separate focus on siltation monitoring for reservoir bridges, and conventional technical means are unable to conduct long-term and stable siltation monitoring of larger water areas in the reservoir area. The present invention provides a long-term automatic monitoring device for siltation in reservoir bridges. By adopting this solution, long-term automatic monitoring of silt can be carried out at pier 1 in a targeted manner. Compared with the existing measurement method, it is convenient to construct, has low overall cost, and will not be lost in larger water areas such as reservoirs and rivers. The specific solution includes a sounding tube 2 that is sleeved or buried on the pier 1. When the sounding tube 2 is sleeved on the pier 1, an accommodation space can be left between the inner side of the sounding tube 2 and the side wall of the pier 1. When the sounding tube 2 is buried in the pier 1, the sounding tube 2 is located at the edge of the cross section of the pier 1 and on the inner side of the stirrups of the pier 1, and is welded to the stirrups at appropriate positions. In this way, the interior of the sounding tube 2 can be used as an accommodation space. The present invention preferably buries the sounding tube 2 in the pier 1. In addition to measuring siltation, it can also be used to measure scour. A plurality of through holes 201 are evenly distributed on the side wall of the sounding tube 2, and the through holes 201 are connected to the outside world. In this way, the siphon principle can be used to suck silt in the water into the accommodation space until the silt height inside and outside is the same. At this time, only the internal silt needs to be monitored to obtain the silt parameters of the entire pier 1. The height of the accommodation space is between the bottom and the top of the sounding tube 2 itself. A detection device is also provided in the accommodating space in the sounding tube 2, and the detection device includes a float 301, a sonar detector 302 and a rangefinder 304. The float 301 can be a float 301 such as a buoy, a floating plate, or an inflatable model. The present invention preferably uses a buoy, and the sonar detector 302 is arranged on the buoy. In this way, the buoy can change with the change of the water level in the accommodating space, so that the sonar detector 302 is always located at the water surface. Therefore, the water depth inside the accommodating space, that is, the height between the water surface and the silt, can be measured by the sonar detector 302; since the total length of the sounding tube 2 is a fixed value, the distance between the top of the tube and the water surface can be measured by the rangefinder 304 on the buoy or on the top of the sounding tube 2. Therefore, the silt depth can be obtained by subtracting the overall height of the sounding tube 2 from the water depth measured by the sonar detector 302 and the top distance measured by the rangefinder 304. This solution places the detection device within the sounding tube 2, ensuring that the sonar detector 302 remains stable at the water surface of the pier 1. This device automatically adjusts its position as the water level fluctuates, resulting in high sonar depth measurement accuracy, a significant advantage for reservoir bridges. Furthermore, the sounding tubes 2 can be arranged generally along the height of the pier 1, or one to four sounding tubes 2 can be arranged sequentially from bottom to top. The sounding tubes 2 are preferably stainless steel pipes.

[0034] In some embodiments, in order to facilitate the flow of sediment into the through hole 201, the lower end of the through hole 201 is a plane. Wherein, L-shaped flute holes can be arranged at equal distances on the sounding tube 2.

[0035] In some embodiments, as a specific implementation method for burying and fixing the sounding tube 2, when the sounding tube 2 is buried in the pier 1, the sounding tube 2 is located inside the stirrups of the pier 1 and is welded to the stirrups of the pier 1.

[0036] In some embodiments, to ensure that the sonar sounding probe is securely suspended on the buoy, the sonar detection probe of the sonar detector 302 is suspended from the floating object 301 via a suspension chain 303. The suspension chain 303 is made of stainless steel and has sufficient length to allow the sonar detection probe to be positioned below the water surface. The sonar sounding probe has Bluetooth functionality and transmits sonar signals at regular intervals according to a program to measure the water depth in the sounding tube 2.

[0037] In some embodiments, in order to leave a sufficiently large inspection passage, an inspection hole 202 is provided on the top of the sounding tube 2 for inspection, and the inspection hole 202 is provided with an inspection door for opening or closing.

[0038] In some embodiments, to facilitate the removal of abnormally inhaled material from the sounding tube 2, a clearing device is also included. The clearing device comprises a retractable metal hose with a nozzle at the end for dispensing high-pressure water. In this embodiment, the clearing device comprises a retractable metal hose, which is longer than the height of the sounding tube 2 and can be inserted into the sounding tube 2 through a manhole 202. High-pressure water is supplied along the tube by a pressure pump at the rear end of the device, using river water from the same location. This high-pressure water flushing removes abnormally inhaled material from the sidewalls.

[0039] In some embodiments, to facilitate the removal of floating objects 301 from the sounding tube 2, an electromagnet is provided at the end of the metal hose, and an iron block is attached to the floating object 301. The iron block is located at the top of the float and can be attracted by the electromagnet of the blockage removal device and lifted out of the inspection hole for maintenance.

[0040] In some embodiments, to facilitate the detection of floating objects 301 and abnormal inhaled objects, the end of the metal hose is also equipped with a high-definition camera and a searchlight. The end of the metal hose is equipped with a high-definition camera with wireless signal transmission and a pinhole searchlight to search for floating objects 301 and abnormal inhaled objects.

[0041] In some embodiments, to verify the data from the sonar detector 302, an ultrasonic siltation measurement system is also included. The ultrasonic siltation measurement system includes several ultrasonic probes evenly distributed along the length of the sounding tube 2. The ultrasonic probes are used to test the properties of the silt within the sounding tube 2. In this solution, an ultrasonic siltation measurement instrument is installed on each pier 1. The principle is to use ultrasonic transmitting and receiving devices to test the properties of the silt, namely the physical and mechanical properties, and can also provide verification for sonar sounding. The system consists of ultrasonic probes evenly distributed along the length of the sounding tube 2. The probe spacing can be set within a range of 2m to 10m based on the predicted siltation depth. The ultrasonic siltation measurement instrument has wireless data transmission capabilities, and data can be transmitted back to the monitoring platform.

[0042] In some embodiments, in order to measure the bottom pressure caused by siltation, the sounding tube 2 is arranged along the entire length of the pier 1, with its upper end located at the cap beam 4 and the lower end located at the pedestal 5; a pressure gauge 6 for measuring silt pressure is provided at the bottom of the space inside the sounding tube 2.

[0043] How this solution works: A sounding tube 2 is buried within pier 1. Several through-holes 201 are evenly distributed along its sidewalls, connecting it to the outside world. This allows the siphon principle to draw silt from the water into the holding space until the silt levels inside and outside are the same. At this point, only the internal silt needs to be monitored to obtain the silt parameters for the entire pier 1. A sonar depth sounder floats above the water level on a buoy, using a laser rangefinder 304 on top to measure the distance L1 from the water surface to the cap beam 4. A sonar depth sounder suspended from its lower portion measures the water depth at the bottom of the sounding tube 2. If there is no siltation in the newly built bridge, the water depth L2 is the water depth at that location. L1 + L2 = Ld, the height of pier 1. As time goes by, siltation occurs. When the silt reaches a certain amount, it will enter the sounding tube 2 along the flute hole. At this time, the laser rangefinder 304 measures the distance L3 from the water surface to the cap beam 4 and the sonar depth sounder measures the water depth L4 in the tube, and the siltation depth Ly=Ld-(L3+L4) can be obtained.

[0044] An ultrasonic siltation measuring system is installed in at least one sounding pipe 2, which uses ultrasonic transmitting and receiving devices distributed at different heights to test the characteristics of the silt and the characteristics of the water in the pipe for comparison. It can provide the physical and mechanical characteristics of the silt and can verify the siltation depth obtained by the floating sonar depth sounder test.

[0045] Pressure tester is housed at sounding pipe 2 bottoms, can measure the increase of pressure that silts up and causes. When not silting up, can also calculate and measure the depth of water, as the verification to the depth of water.

[0046] The blockage clearing device can not only use the electromagnet at the end to absorb and lift the floating sonar depth sounder, but also use the high-definition camera and tower light at the end, as well as the high-pressure water nozzle, to clean abnormal suction objects from the sounding pipe 2.

[0047] The specific implementation methods described above further illustrate the objectives, technical solutions and beneficial effects of the present invention in detail. It should be understood that the above description is only a specific implementation method of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A long-term automatic monitoring device for reservoir bridge siltation, characterized in that: include: A sounding tube (2) is sleeved or buried in a bridge pier (1), the length of the sounding tube (2) being arranged along the height direction of the bridge pier (1); an accommodation space arranged along the height direction of the bridge pier (1) is arranged on the inner side of the sounding tube (2), and a plurality of through holes (201) are uniformly distributed along the length direction of the sounding tube (2), and the through holes (201) are used to connect the accommodation space with the external space of the bridge pier (1); A floating detection device (3) comprises a floating object (301), a sonar detector (302) and a rangefinder (304), wherein the rangefinder (304) is used to measure the distance from the top of the sounding tube (2) to the water surface; the floating object (301) is located in the accommodating space and floats on the water surface; the sonar detector (302) is located on the floating object (301) and is used to detect the water depth in the accommodating space.

2. The long-term automatic monitoring equipment for reservoir bridge sedimentation according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The lower end of the through hole (201) is a plane.

3. The long-term automatic monitoring equipment for reservoir bridge sedimentation according to claim 1 is characterized in that: When the sounding tube (2) is buried in the bridge pier (1), the sounding tube (2) is located inside the stirrups of the bridge pier (1) and is welded to the stirrups of the bridge pier (1).

4. The long-term automatic monitoring equipment for reservoir bridge sedimentation according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The sonar detection probe of the sonar detector (302) is hung on the floating object (301) via a hanging chain (303).

5. The long-term automatic monitoring equipment for reservoir bridge sedimentation according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The top of the sounding pipe (2) is also provided with an inspection hole (202), and the inspection hole (202) is provided with an inspection door for opening or closing.

6. The long-term automatic monitoring equipment for reservoir bridge sedimentation according to claim 5 is characterized in that: It also includes a blockage clearing device, which includes a retractable metal hose with a nozzle at the end thereof for spraying high-pressure water.

7. The long-term automatic monitoring equipment for reservoir bridge sedimentation according to claim 6 is characterized in that: The end of the metal hose is also provided with an electromagnet, and the floating object (301) is provided with an iron block.

8. The long-term automatic monitoring equipment for reservoir bridge sedimentation according to claim 6 is characterized in that: The end of the metal hose is also provided with a high-definition camera and a searchlight.

9. The long-term automatic monitoring equipment for reservoir bridge sedimentation according to claim 1 is characterized in that: It also includes an ultrasonic siltation measuring system, which includes a plurality of ultrasonic probes evenly distributed along the length direction of the sounding tube (2), and the ultrasonic probes are used to test the properties of the silt in the sounding tube (2).

10. The long-term automatic monitoring equipment for reservoir bridge sedimentation according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The sounding tube (2) is arranged along the entire length of the pier (1), with its upper end located at the cap beam (4) and its lower end located at the pedestal (5); a pressure gauge (6) for measuring silt pressure is provided at the bottom of the accommodating space within the sounding tube (2).

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