Sustainable natural ditch fixing and tableland protecting project management method and system

Abstract

The invention discloses a sustainable natural ditch fixing and tableland protecting project management method and system, and the method comprises the steps: carrying out the hydrological analysis of a loess tableland surface to be protected, determining the natural water flow path of the loess tableland surface, and installing a runoff monitoring device at the outlet of each natural water flow path; the step drainage channels are designed according to different land utilization modes and natural water flow paths, and rainwater in the water collection area is intercepted through the step drainage channels and discharged in a unified mode. The development change condition of the water and soil erosion process under the ditch fixing and tableland protecting engineering measures is simulated through the model, the treatment measures are adjusted in time, the control group is set, and the model of the control group simulates the condition that no engineering measure is adopted in the natural state. Designing size parameters of the model according to an equal-proportion scaling method, and calculating a tableland surface area and channel parameters; a stepped reservoir or an underground reservoir is arranged according to different land utilization modes and natural water flow paths, water is stored, larger runoff is prevented from being formed, and scouring to the loess tableland surface is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of geological disaster prevention and control, and in particular relates to a sustainable natural ditch consolidation and plateau protection engineering management method and system. Background Art

[0002] The loess plateau is a flat land formed over the past 2.6 million years by the accumulation of dust carried by northwesterly winds on ancient basins or lakes. Intense human activity in the region has led to rapid headwater erosion, resulting in severe soil erosion, shrinkage, and degradation of the loess plateau.

[0003] The Dongzhiyuan Plateau, located in the silty loess distribution area of ​​the middle reaches of the Yellow River, is the largest and most continuous loess plateau on the Loess Plateau. Its geological and geomorphological features and landscape are unique in the world. It is also a significant site for China's loess farming history and cultural heritage, as well as an energy and chemical base. Currently, the Dongzhiyuan Plateau is in danger of shrinking and disappearing. Gully consolidation and plateau protection, as an effective measure for comprehensive soil and water conservation in loess plateaus, is of great significance in promoting ecological civilization.

[0004] Therefore, exploring advanced models for "gully consolidation and plateau protection" is a global first, aiming to improve the regional ecological environment, promote comprehensive soil and water loss control, and promote sustainable economic and social development. This research holds significant practical significance for the sustainable development of the Loess Plateau. However, to date, a mature, widely accepted, and practically applicable model for "gully consolidation and plateau protection" has yet to be discovered. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention proposes a sustainable natural gully consolidation and plateau protection project management method and system, which can realize the comparison and feedback of the source erosion process in the loess area and the implementation effect of the gully consolidation and plateau protection project, meet the needs of large-scale and long-term erosion process prediction and simulation research of the gully consolidation and plateau protection project, predict and discover new runoff paths and soil erosion sites, and achieve early prevention.

[0006] On the one hand, to achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the present invention provides a sustainable natural gully consolidation and plateau protection project management method, comprising:

[0007] S1. Conduct hydrological analysis on the loess plateau. Use the D8 algorithm to calculate the distance and elevation difference between the center grid and adjacent grids using the DEM grid. Determine the natural water flow path and install remote wireless runoff monitoring devices at the water outlets step by step.

[0008] S2. Based on differences in land use patterns, cascade drainage channels are designed along natural water flow paths to intercept rainwater from the catchment area and discharge it uniformly;

[0009] S3. In the low-lying areas along the natural water flow path, cascade reservoirs or underground reservoirs are set up according to the land use type to dissipate surface runoff in stages;

[0010] S4. Build numerical and physical models to simulate the erosion process under engineering measures, and set up a control group to compare the erosion parameters under natural conditions;

[0011] S5. Use the runoff monitoring device to collect runoff data under rainfall conditions in real time and dynamically adjust the operating parameters of drainage channels and water storage facilities.

[0012] On the other hand, to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention also provides a sustainable natural ditch consolidation and plateau protection project management system, including: a hydrological analysis module, a drainage channel design module, a test control module and a water storage design module;

[0013] The hydrological analysis module is used to perform hydrological analysis on the loess plateau to be protected, determine the natural water flow paths of the loess plateau through hydrological analysis, and install runoff monitoring devices at the cascade outlets of each natural water flow path to timely monitor the changes in runoff volume of each sub-catchment area;

[0014] The drainage channel design module is used to design cascade drainage channels and cascade water storage facilities based on different land use patterns and natural water flow paths. Land use patterns are divided into urban and rural models. Rainwater from the catchment area is intercepted and discharged in a unified manner through cascade drainage channels. Vegetation is planted at the ditch head to absorb and intercept excess water, achieving ecological water conservation.

[0015] The water storage design module is used to set up cascade water storage tanks or underground reservoirs based on the different land use patterns of urban and rural areas and the natural water flow paths. This will store water for drought relief and prevent the formation of larger runoffs, thereby reducing erosion of the loess plateau surface. Land use patterns are divided into urban and rural models.

[0016] The experimental control module is used to simulate the gully consolidation and plateau protection engineering measures through a model and set up a control group. The model of the control group simulates the erosion conditions under natural conditions without any engineering measures, designs the model's dimensional parameters and calculates the plateau area and gully parameters. Through the simulation of the experimental control module, the operation and development of the gully consolidation and plateau protection engineering measures can be timely grasped, and corresponding sustainable development strategies can be formulated.

[0017] Technical effect of the present invention: The present invention discloses a sustainable natural gully consolidation and plateau protection project management method and system, which realizes the sustainable maintenance of gully consolidation and plateau protection projects through ecological measures. The combination of ecological slope protection and natural drainage system is a very effective gully consolidation and plateau protection method. At the same time, the soil moisture content and groundwater level must be monitored in real time. The artificial plateau surface (geological body) formed by ditch head backfill is reshaped loess. Compared with the original plateau surface, the physical structure of the reshaped loess is significantly different, which is bound to have a significant impact on water infiltration and migration. By clearly understanding the moisture distribution characteristics and migration laws of the reshaped loess on the artificial plateau surface, it is helpful to gain an in-depth understanding of whether changes in the water and soil environment in the artificial backfill area will cause secondary geological disasters. If the soil moisture collected at the foot of the slope of the gully consolidation and plateau protection project is not discharged in time, the shear strength of the loess at the foot of the slope of the ditch head landfill project will be reduced, causing secondary geological disasters such as landslides, collapses, mudslides and ground collapses, thereby exacerbating soil and water loss. It is also very necessary to conduct large-scale, long-term simulation research on ditch consolidation and plateau protection projects. Through the present invention, new runoff routes and soil erosion sites can be predicted and discovered, so as to achieve early prevention. The runoff monitoring device of the present invention has a high degree of intelligence. Data can be viewed anytime and anywhere through wireless remote transmission, and functions such as delayed start, timed start, and automatic encryption sampling frequency can be realized by remote control anytime and anywhere. The installation steps are simple, and data can be received in real time on the cloud platform through simple assembly; it is easy to carry, and its mounting bracket is foldable, takes up little space, and is convenient for transportation; it has high strength, and most of the devices are made of stainless steel. Some precision instruments can be placed in a stainless steel protective box, which has high strength and good corrosion resistance, and can achieve long-term monitoring under harsh conditions in the field. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] The accompanying drawings, which constitute part of this application, are intended to provide a further understanding of this application. The exemplary embodiments and descriptions of this application are intended to explain this application and do not constitute an improper limitation on this application. In the accompanying drawings:

[0019] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the overall structure of a runoff monitoring device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the mounting bracket structure of the runoff monitoring device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 3 This is a circuit connection diagram of a runoff monitoring device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of a Parshall flume of a runoff monitoring device according to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein (a) is a side view; (b) is a top view;

[0023] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of a sustainable natural gully consolidation and plateau conservation project management method according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of an urban model of a sustainable natural gully consolidation and plateau protection engineering management method according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of a rural model of a sustainable natural gully consolidation and plateau protection project management method according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 8 This is a flow chart of a sustainable natural gully consolidation and plateau conservation engineering management method according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 9 This is a structural diagram of a sustainable natural gully consolidation and plateau protection engineering management system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure numerals: 1-1, flow meter main unit; 1-2, ultrasonic transducer; 1-3, Parshall cell; 2-1, solar panel; 2-2, solar controller; 2-3, lithium battery; 2-4, smart relay; 3-1, stainless steel long rod; 3-2, center stainless steel rod; 3-3, screw hole; 3-4, stainless steel protective box; 3-5, buckle; 3-6, stainless steel short rod. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the embodiments and features of the embodiments in this application can be combined with each other. The present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in combination with the embodiments.

[0030] It should be noted that the steps shown in the flowcharts of the accompanying drawings can be executed in a computer system such as a set of computer-executable instructions, and that, although a logical order is shown in the flowcharts, in some cases, the steps shown or described can be executed in an order different from that shown here.

[0031] like Figure 8 As shown, this embodiment provides a sustainable natural gully consolidation and plateau protection project management method, including: performing a hydrological analysis on the pre-protected loess plateau surface, calculating the natural water flow path of the loess plateau surface through analysis, and installing a runoff monitoring device at the outlet of each water flow path;

[0032] Design cascade drainage channels based on different land use patterns (rural and urban) and natural water flow paths, intercepting rainwater from the catchment area through the cascade drainage channels and discharging it uniformly to prevent scouring and erosion;

[0033] Cascaded water storage ponds (ponds) and underground reservoirs are designed based on different land use patterns (rural and urban) and natural water flow paths. These reservoirs store rainwater locally for reuse in times of water shortage. This also reduces the accumulation of larger runoff flows, thereby minimizing runoff erosion on the loess plateau. Ecological water conservation measures (artificial vegetation) are implemented at the runoff outlets of the plateau catchment areas to minimize runoff from entering the gullies.

[0034] Numerical and physical models are established to predict and simulate the future development and changes of erosion processes in order to achieve sustainable operation and maintenance.

[0035] Two sets of models were designed, one of which simulated the engineering measures for gully consolidation and plateau protection, and the other simulated the natural state without any engineering measures as a control. The size parameters of the model were set and the plateau area and ditch parameters were calculated through the proportional scaling method; the inclination angle of the slope panel was then adjusted through the slope panel mounting bracket; through simulation calculation and analysis, the key points and critical moments of the gully consolidation and plateau protection project were determined, and a scientific and reasonable sustainable development strategy was formulated.

[0036] The design principles of the sustainable natural ditch consolidation and plateau protection engineering management method of the present invention are as follows:

[0037] The sustainable natural gully and plateau protection project management method is to solve water problems along the naturally formed water flow paths.

[0038] The first is to follow the natural laws of soil erosion in gully areas. The core is to intercept the flow in cascades according to the natural runoff path, reasonably build reservoirs, effectively reduce erosion, and prevent runoff from flowing into the gully. This method mainly adopts the idea of ​​breaking the whole into parts, and the focus is on utilizing natural processes, using the fixed system engineering of "Gully Consolidation and Plateau Protection Project" to fight against the dynamic system of "hydraulic erosion". In fact, the natural process utilized is also a dynamic process. Figure 5 As shown, the sustainable natural gully consolidation and plateau conservation project management method of the present invention mainly includes cascade water interception, drainage and ecological water conservation in terms of implementation measures. The specific processes of these three aspects are as follows:

[0039] (a) Cascade water diversion: This approach begins at the source of the watershed. Through hydrological analysis, the natural flow path and catchment area of ​​the watershed are determined. Starting from the catchment area, diversion channels are constructed step by step, creating a cascade diversion system. Reservoirs (such as ponds or underground reservoirs) are then built in key areas (low-lying areas) along the natural flow path, dispersing the water in stages and achieving a more fragmented flow. Ultimately, this prevents water from entering the ditch, and the accumulated water can be reused for urban life and ecological purposes.

[0040] (b) Drainage diversion: By establishing drainage channels along the natural runoff path of water, the problem of water discharge and erosion caused by the failure of cascade diversion to intercept water along the natural runoff path can be addressed. In particular, drainage blind pipes and energy dissipation ponds should be installed in key areas of natural gully heads (such as the gully head and slope foot) to reduce hydraulic erosion. Erosion can be reduced by unblocking drainage channels rather than blocking them. Drainage channels should be located along naturally formed drainage routes whenever possible. Road drainage networks can be utilized, saving both resources and money. Ultimately, erosion at the gully head can be minimized.

[0041] (c) Ecological Water Conservation: Building a governance strategy that integrates ecology and nature, ecological slope protection will be constructed on the surface of the gully consolidation and plateau protection project to address ecological water conservation. This will allow rainfall and water intercepted on the plateau surface to naturally infiltrate deep into the soil through plant roots, reducing erosion on the plateau surface and slopes. Ultimately, this will restore a green and ecological loess plateau to local residents.

[0042] Integrating sustainable natural gully and loess plateau conservation management methods and ecological measures can achieve sustainable maintenance of gully and loess plateau conservation projects. Combining ecological slope protection with natural drainage systems is a highly effective gully and loess plateau conservation method. Real-time monitoring of soil moisture content and groundwater levels is also necessary. The artificial loess plateau surface (geological body) formed by gully head backfill is reshaped loess. Compared to the original plateau surface, reshaped loess has a significantly different physical structure, which inevitably has a significant impact on water infiltration and migration. A clear understanding of the moisture distribution and migration patterns of reshaped loess in the artificial loess plateau surface will provide insight into whether changes in the water and soil environment in the artificial backfill area will trigger secondary geological hazards. If the accumulated soil moisture at the toe of the gully and loess plateau conservation project is not promptly drained, the shear strength of the loess at the toe of the gully head backfill project will be reduced, triggering secondary geological hazards such as landslides, collapses, mudflows, and ground subsidence, thereby exacerbating soil erosion. Large-scale, long-term simulation studies of gully and loess plateau conservation projects are also essential to predict and identify new runoff routes and soil erosion sites, allowing for proactive prevention. By applying this sustainable natural gully stabilization and plateau protection engineering management method in the Loess Plateau, soil erosion in gully areas can be alleviated and sustainable urban and rural development and safety can be promoted.

[0043] See also Figures 1 to 3The present invention also proposes a runoff monitoring device, the purpose of which is to timely grasp the development and changes of ditch consolidation and plateau protection projects. It mainly includes a flow monitoring system, a solar power supply system, a remote control system and a mounting bracket. The flow monitoring system includes a Parshall flume 1-3, an ultrasonic transducer 1-2 and a flow meter host 1-1. The ultrasonic transducer 1-2 is installed directly above the Parshall flume 1-3 and detects the distance from the liquid surface to the ultrasonic transducer 1-2 by emitting and receiving ultrasonic waves. The flow meter host 1-1 has a built-in data storage module and a remote communication module. The data storage module is used to record historical flow, and the remote communication module uploads monitoring data to the cloud platform.

[0044] The solar power supply system includes a solar panel 2-1, a solar switch controller 2-2, and a lithium battery 2-3. The solar panel 2-1 is connected to the lithium battery 2-3 via the solar switch controller 2-2. The solar switch controller 2-2 provides overcharge and short-circuit protection to ensure the normal operation of the device. Two lithium batteries 2-3 are installed, one for power supply and the other for standby charging. When one lithium battery 2-3 runs out of power, it automatically switches to the other for power supply. These two lithium batteries 2-3 ensure the normal operation of the runoff monitoring device in rainy weather, especially ensuring sufficient and continuous power supply during heavy rain and intensified monitoring conditions. Solar panel 2-1 is made of polycrystalline silicon, with a photoelectric conversion efficiency of approximately 15%. It charges in approximately 8-11 hours. The panel measures 400*255*17mm, with an operating voltage (Vmp) of 17.78V, an operating current (Imp) of 0.56A, an open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 21.33V, and a short-circuit current (Isc) of 0.67A. Its standby current is less than 10mA, and it can operate at temperatures between -35°C and +60°C, offering low energy consumption and strong weather resistance. Lithium battery 2-3 has a capacity of 12V / 21000mAh and features both a DC interface and a USB port. The output voltage is 12V for the DC interface and 5V for the USB interface. The lithium battery housing in this embodiment of the present invention is made of metal and equipped with an aluminum alloy handle, making it easy to carry and non-deformable.

[0045] The remote control system includes an intelligent relay 2-4 with GPRS function and a mobile phone control client. The intelligent relay 2-4 is a four-way relay with an external antenna. The operating voltage of the intelligent relay 2-4 is 7-12V, the maximum operating power is 2W, and the standby power is 0.5W. It is remotely controlled through a mobile phone APP. The intelligent relay 2-4 is connected to the lithium battery 2-3 and the flow meter host 1-1 respectively. The mobile phone control client realizes the switching of the power supply battery and the monitoring timing and monitoring mode as manual or automatic, and adjusts the sampling time density.

[0046] The mounting bracket secures the remote control system's smart relays 2-4, flow monitoring system, and solar power supply system to the ground. The mounting bracket is formed by interconnecting multiple stainless steel rods. (How to clarify the relationship with the team's earlier invention)

[0047] Specifically, the mounting bracket includes a central stainless steel rod 3-2, with three long stainless steel rods 3-1 hingedly connected to the rod body as supporting legs. The long stainless steel rods 3-1 are fixed to the ground via anchor bolts. A short stainless steel rod 3-6 is connected between the upper portions of the two long stainless steel rods 3-1, and the solar panel 2-1 is bolted to the short stainless steel rods 3-6. The bottom of the central stainless steel rod 3-2 is connected to a stainless steel protective box 3-4 via a clip 3-5. The solar switch controller 2-2, lithium battery 2-3, smart relay 2-4, and flow meter host 1-1 are placed in the stainless steel protective box 3-4. The long stainless steel rods 3-1 are each made up of two sections of support rods. One section of the support rod has several screw holes 3-3 at different heights along its upper edge. The ends of the two sections are nested and connected, and a fixing bolt is installed on the other section of the support rod. The fixing bolt is connected to different screw holes 3-3 to achieve height adjustment.

[0048] The runoff monitoring device of the present invention has simple installation steps, and the mounting bracket is foldable, easy to carry, takes up little space, and is convenient to transport; the monitoring device has high strength, and most of the device is made of stainless steel. Some precision instruments can be placed in a stainless steel protective box with good corrosion resistance, and can achieve long-term monitoring under harsh conditions in the field.

[0049] See also Figure 4 (a) and Figure 4 (b) The centerline of the Parshall flume 1-3 of the present invention coincides with the centerline of the flow channel, ensuring that the water does not flow sideways when entering the Parshall flume 1-3; the Parshall flume 1-3 is firmly connected to the side walls and bottom of the flow channel, so that all water flows through the Parshall flume 1-3. The Parshall flume 1-3 is a standard Parshall flume (B = 25mm), with accurate dimensions and a smooth inner surface. The maximum flow rate that can be monitored is 19.44m 3 / h. The Parshall flume 1-3 is constructed from 1.5mm stainless steel, offering strong corrosion resistance, excellent deformation resistance, and an aesthetically pleasing appearance. The ultrasonic transducer 1-2 emits and receives ultrasonic waves for non-contact level measurement, ensuring accurate measurement without affecting water flow rate. On the flowmeter main unit 1-1, set the installation height from the ultrasonic transducer 1-2 to the bottom of the Parshall flume 1-3. Once the Parshall flume model and parameters are selected, normal operation can begin.

[0050] The ultrasonic monitoring part of the runoff monitoring device of the present invention is installed on the upper part of the Parshall trough, and the data acquisition and power supply parts need to be fixed in an area with relatively flat terrain in the field. The height of the solar cell panel 2-1 and the stainless steel protection box 3-4 can be adjusted by installing the bracket, and they can be fixed to the ground with anchor bolts.

[0051] Example

[0052] Huoxianggou and Fengjiapangou on the Loess Plateau are two typical examples of key gully consolidation and conservation projects. Huoxianggou's catchment area is close to the city center, while Fengjiapangou's catchment area is located in an agricultural area. These two catchment areas represent two different watershed types and employ two different models: urban and rural. The present invention uses these two gullies as examples to illustrate the specific application and effectiveness of sustainable, natural gully consolidation and conservation project management methods in protecting the Loess Plateau.

[0053] (1) Division of the catchment areas of Huoxianggou and Fengbaogou:

[0054] Huoxianggou is located in the eastern part of Xifeng urban area (35°44′24″N, 107°39′03″E). It is a gully on the edge of the loess plateau, and the gully head extends to the urban area. The gully is about 150m wide from north to south and 109m deep at its deepest point. It has typical loess plateau landform characteristics and has always been the main outlet for rainwater and sewage in the old urban area of ​​Xifeng. There are large-scale landslides on the north and south sides of Huoxianggou. The cliff on the north side is only 26m away from the No. 36 residential building in the south row of the housing project and only more than 10m away from the building of the former Qingyang Cigarette Factory. The mountains in the north and south are constantly collapsing, and danger may occur at any time. The Huoxianggou ditch consolidation and plateau protection project is imminent. The Huoxianggou flood and sewage drainage project, which was implemented on August 1, 2006, consists of four parts: the reconstruction of the open channel of the south moat, the underground channel, the downhill box culvert, and the energy dissipation at the bottom of the ditch. The project is laid out along the right bank of Huoxianggou channel, with a total length of 1,726.8 meters and a total investment of 21 million yuan.

[0055] Fengbaogou is located in the southwest of Fengbao Village, Dongzhi Town, Xifeng District, about 500m south of Fengbao Subdistrict. Before the comprehensive management of Fengbaogou, due to the increase in runoff after the widening of the Dongzhi Subdistrict section, the existing drainage project could not meet the drainage requirements, resulting in severe scouring and damage to the ditch head, deep cutting of the ditch at the drainage outlet, sparse vegetation on the slope, and fragile ecology. In 2015, the Qingyang Municipal Soil and Water Conservation Bureau implemented a ditch consolidation project on 37 large plateaus in Qingyang City, with a planned management area of ​​3095.87km. 2 118 emergency gullies were treated, including the Fengbao gully, which was protected by a 380-meter-long concrete gully head, and 2.2 hm2 of abandoned residential land was reclaimed on the north side of the gully head. 2 , a new drainage ditch project was built, and 105,800 m of mountain slope was cut 3 , earthwork backfill and remediation 105,800 m 3, laying 63,500m of mortar stone slope protection 3 15,000 green trees were planted. 1.6hm2 of willow forest was planted at the bottom of the ditch. 2 18.5hm2 of tree forests were planted on the slopes 2 After the treatment, the head area of ​​Fengbaogou is roughly divided into three parts: the ditch filling area, the natural area of ​​the plateau, and the ditch area.

[0056] After using ArcGIS to perform hydrological analysis on the ditch head DEM, the catchment area where the target ditch head is located can be divided, such as Figure 6 as well as Figure 7 As shown in the figure. Through hydrological analysis, it can be found that the catchment area of ​​Huoxianggou is 4868m 2 The catchment area of ​​Fengjiapangou is 528,604 m 2 In other words, all runoff generated within the catchment area converges and flows into Huoxianggou and Fengjiapangou, scouring the plateau surface and eroding the gully heads. Overlays of remote sensing imagery and hydrological analysis reveal the degree of agreement between the catchment area and flow paths. Field surveys and remote sensing image interpretation confirm the complete consistency of these results.

[0057] from Figure 6 It can be seen that the head of Huoxianggou has invaded the urban area and is close to the center of the city. Its catchment area is almost entirely composed of urban buildings. The hardening of the road will accelerate the runoff convergence process and promote the development of erosion gullies. This puts higher demands on the urban drainage network. Figure 7 It can be found that the watershed of Fengjiapangou is mainly farmland. Compared with farmland and hardened roads, the underlying surface permeability coefficient is relatively large, and the runoff convergence process in the watershed will be relatively slow. However, in the long run, the cultivated land area will decrease, and the upstream erosion of the ditch will continue to develop, which will also destroy the farmland on the plateau and damage the roads, gradually threatening villages and towns.

[0058] The management method of the sustainable natural gully consolidation and plateau protection project of the present invention is used to manage the plateau surface of the Loess Plateau:

[0059] Hydrological analysis of the plateau surface clearly reveals that implementing measures like landfill and drainage solely at the gully headwaters is insufficient to prevent runoff from converging into the catchment area, making this effort insufficient. Extensive landfill at the gully headwaters has raised the groundwater level at the gully headwaters, which in turn has impacted the stability of the critical gully consolidation and plateau conservation project. Furthermore, improper implementation of some projects has triggered secondary geological hazards such as landslides, cascades, collapses, and mudslides. Sustainable natural gully consolidation and plateau conservation management approaches respect the natural flow path, starting with the source of runoff—the catchment area—and employing a cascaded approach to intercept flow and minimize runoff from entering the gully.

[0060] (1) Urban model:

[0061] In the catchment area of ​​Huoxianggou, a network of interception channels is built along the natural water flow path and urban road drainage channels. Then, underground reservoirs are built in the key areas (low-lying areas) of the natural water flow path. Once runoff occurs, rainwater will be stored in the underground reservoirs. The system is built in stages to achieve cascade interception (such as Figure 6 As shown) and the transition from discharge to storage. The scientific and rational implementation of this project can reduce the harm of rain and floods to the surrounding areas of the city and the erosion damage of the gully heads, and reduce the occurrence of secondary geological disasters in the city. The water stored in the underground reservoir can also be supplied to the city's daily life and ecological water through simple purification. Drainage blind pipes are set up on the natural runoff path of the water flow to solve the problem of discharge and erosion of part of the water that cannot be intercepted by the cascade water interception on the natural runoff path. Especially in the key areas of the natural gully heads (such as the gully head and the foot of the slope), drainage blind pipes are set up and energy dissipation pools are built to reduce hydraulic erosion. Increase the green area in the non-building area of ​​the plateau, improve the sponge city function, solve the problem of ecological water conservation, realize the water intercepted by rainfall and the plateau, and let the water naturally infiltrate into the deep soil through the plant roots, reducing the erosion of the plateau and slope.

[0062] (2) Rural model:

[0063] In the catchment area of ​​Fengjiapangou, a network of interception channels is built along the natural water flow path, farmland and rural roads. Then, surface water storage ponds (ponds, interception dams) are built in key areas (low-lying areas) of the natural water flow path. Once runoff occurs, rainwater will be stored in the ponds and built in stages to achieve cascade interception (such as Figure 7 Water stored in the pond can also provide daily irrigation and ecological water for farmland. Drainage channels should be established along the natural runoff path, especially in key areas of the natural gully (such as the gully head and slope foot). Energy dissipation ponds should be built to reduce hydraulic erosion. Ecological slope protection should also be constructed on the surface of the gully consolidation and plateau protection project to address ecological water conservation.

[0064] The sustainable natural gully consolidation and plateau protection engineering management method of the present invention utilizes hydrological analysis tools to extract the flow direction, cumulative runoff, flow length, river network (including the classification of river network, etc.) of natural surface runoff, and watershed segmentation of the study area. The advantage of the hydrological analysis method is that by extracting basic hydrological factors and conducting basic hydrological analysis, the flow process of water flow can be reproduced on the DEM surface, providing technical support for gully consolidation and plateau protection engineering measures. The scientific management model of the Loess Plateau plateau surface based on the sustainable natural gully consolidation and plateau protection engineering management method of the present invention breaks through the traditional management model that is limited to erosion sites, such as gully heads and erosion slope sites, and expands the spatial scale of management, that is, expands the scope of management to the scope of the catchment area. If this management model can be fully understood and applied in depth, it will be possible to fundamentally slow down the erosion problem of the plateau area, alleviate the problem of soil and water loss in the Loess Plateau to the greatest extent, and truly achieve gully consolidation and plateau protection.

[0065] like Figure 9 As shown, this embodiment also provides a sustainable natural gully consolidation and plateau protection project management system, including: a hydrological analysis module, a drainage channel design module, a test control module and a water storage design module;

[0066] The hydrological analysis module is used to perform hydrological analysis on the loess plateau to be protected, determine the natural water flow paths of the loess plateau through hydrological analysis, and install runoff monitoring devices at the cascade outlets of each natural water flow path to timely monitor the changes in runoff volume of each sub-catchment area;

[0067] The drainage channel design module is used to design cascade drainage channels and cascade water storage facilities (mainly including surface reservoirs and underground reservoirs) based on different land use patterns and natural water flow paths. Land use patterns are divided into urban and rural models. Rainwater from the catchment area is intercepted and discharged in a unified manner through cascade drainage channels. Vegetation is planted at the ditch head to absorb and intercept excess water, achieving ecological water conservation.

[0068] The water storage design module is used to set up cascade water storage tanks or underground reservoirs based on the different land use patterns of urban and rural areas and the natural water flow paths. This will store water for drought relief and prevent the formation of larger runoffs, thereby reducing erosion of the loess plateau surface. Land use patterns are divided into urban and rural models.

[0069] The experimental control module is used to simulate the gully consolidation and plateau protection engineering measures through a model and set up a control group. The model of the control group simulates the erosion conditions under natural conditions without any engineering measures, designs the model's dimensional parameters and calculates the plateau area and gully parameters. Through the simulation of the experimental control module, the operation and development of the gully consolidation and plateau protection engineering measures can be timely grasped, and corresponding sustainable development strategies can be formulated.

[0070] The above modules can be computer software modules or corresponding functional modules built by hardware devices.

[0071] An electronic device comprises: a processor and a memory storing computer program instructions; when the processor executes the computer program instructions, the sustainable natural gully consolidation and plateau protection engineering management method is implemented.

[0072] A computer storage medium stores computer program instructions, which, when executed by a processor, implement the sustainable natural gully consolidation and plateau protection engineering management method.

[0073] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present application, but the scope of protection of the present application is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in this application should be included in the scope of protection of the present application. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present application should be based on the scope of protection of the claims.

Claims

1. A sustainable natural gully consolidation and plateau conservation project management method, characterized in that: include: S1. Conduct hydrological analysis on the loess plateau. Use the D8 algorithm to calculate the distance and elevation difference between the center grid and adjacent grids using the DEM grid. Determine the natural water flow path and install remote wireless runoff monitoring devices at the water outlets step by step. S2. Based on differences in land use patterns, cascade drainage channels are designed along natural water flow paths to intercept rainwater from the catchment area and discharge it uniformly; S3. In the low-lying areas along the natural water flow path, cascade reservoirs or underground reservoirs are set up according to the land use type to dissipate surface runoff in stages; S4. Build numerical and physical models to simulate the erosion process under engineering measures, and set up a control group to compare the erosion parameters under natural conditions; S5. Use the runoff monitoring device to collect runoff data under rainfall conditions in real time and dynamically adjust the operating parameters of drainage channels and water storage facilities.

2. The sustainable natural gully consolidation and plateau conservation project management method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Hydrological analysis of the loess plateau includes: According to the D8 algorithm, in a 3×3 DEM grid cell, the straight-line distances between the central grid and the adjacent grids in the east, west, south, and north are calculated; the diagonal distances to the adjacent grids in the northeast, southeast, northwest, and southwest are calculated; the direction of the maximum slope of each grid is determined, and a natural water flow path network is generated.

3. The sustainable natural gully consolidation and plateau conservation project management method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Artificial vegetation is established in the runoff outlet area of ​​the loess plateau catchment area, and the roots of the artificial vegetation naturally infiltrate water into the deep soil through dominant channels.

4. The sustainable natural gully consolidation and plateau conservation project management method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The methods for designing cascade drainage channels are: Lay out a blind pipe energy dissipation system along the road drainage network in the urban model catchment area; Setting up open channel drainage network in rural catchment areas by utilizing gaps between farmlands; Following the natural water flow path, connect the drainage channel outlet to the groundwater reservoir or surface water storage tank.

5. The sustainable natural gully consolidation and plateau conservation project management method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The runoff monitoring device includes a flow monitoring system, a solar power supply system, a remote intelligent control system and a mounting bracket; The flow monitoring system comprises a Parshall cell (1-3), an ultrasonic transducer (1-2) and a flow meter host (1-1); the ultrasonic transducer (1-2) is installed directly above the Parshall cell (1-3) and detects the distance from the liquid surface to the ultrasonic transducer (1-2) by emitting and receiving ultrasonic waves; the flow meter host (1-1) has a built-in data storage module and a remote communication module; the data storage module is used to record historical flow, and the remote communication module uploads monitoring data to a cloud platform; The solar power supply system comprises a solar panel (2-1), a solar controller (2-2) and a lithium battery (2-3). The solar panel (2-1) is connected to the lithium battery (2-3) via the solar controller (2-2). The solar controller (2-2) provides overcharge protection and short-circuit protection. Two lithium batteries (2-3) are provided, one of which supplies power and the other is on standby for charging. When the power of one lithium battery (2-3) is exhausted, the other automatically switches to supply power. The remote control system includes an intelligent relay (2-4) and a control client. The intelligent relay (2-4) is a four-way relay with an external antenna. The intelligent relay (2-4) is connected to the lithium battery (2-3) and the flow meter host (1-1) respectively. The control client realizes automatic switching of the power supply battery, monitoring timing and monitoring mode, and adjusts the sampling time interval. The mounting bracket fixes the intelligent relays (2-4) of the remote control system, the flow monitoring system, and the solar power supply system on the mounting bracket on the ground. The mounting bracket is formed by interconnecting a plurality of stainless steel rods.

6. The sustainable natural gully consolidation and plateau conservation project management method according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The mounting bracket comprises a central stainless steel rod (3-2), three stainless steel long rods (3-1) as supporting legs hinged on the rod body of the central stainless steel rod (3-2), the stainless steel long rods (3-1) being fixed to the ground via anchor bolts, a stainless steel short rod (3-6) being connected between the upper parts of the two stainless steel long rods (3-1), and the solar panel (2-1) being fixed to the stainless steel short rod (3-6) via bolts; the bottom of the central stainless steel rod (3-2) being connected to a stainless steel protective box (3-4) via a buckle (3-5), and the solar controller (2-2), the lithium battery (2-3), the intelligent relay (2-4) and the flow meter host (1-1) being placed in the stainless steel protective box (3-4).

7. The sustainable natural gully consolidation and plateau conservation project management method according to claim 6, characterized in that: The stainless steel long rod (3-1) is formed by splicing two support rods, wherein a plurality of screw holes (3-3) are opened at different heights on one support rod, the ends of the two support rods are nested and connected, and a fixing bolt is installed on the other support rod; the fixing bolt is connected with different screw holes (3-3) to achieve height adjustment.

8. A system for managing a sustainable natural gully consolidation and plateau conservation project according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: Hydrological analysis module, drainage channel design module, experimental control module and water storage design module; The hydrological analysis module is used to perform hydrological analysis on the loess plateau to be protected, determine the natural water flow paths of the loess plateau through hydrological analysis, and install runoff monitoring devices at the cascade outlets of each natural water flow path to timely monitor the changes in runoff volume of each sub-catchment area; The drainage channel design module is used to design cascade drainage channels and cascade water storage facilities based on different land use patterns and natural water flow paths. Land use patterns are divided into urban and rural models. Rainwater from the catchment area is intercepted and discharged in a unified manner through cascade drainage channels. Vegetation is planted at the ditch head to absorb and intercept excess water, achieving ecological water conservation. The water storage design module is used to set up cascade water storage tanks or underground reservoirs based on the different land use patterns of urban and rural areas and the natural water flow paths. This will store water for drought relief and prevent the formation of larger runoffs, thereby reducing erosion of the loess plateau surface. Land use patterns are divided into urban and rural models. The experimental control module is used to simulate the gully consolidation and plateau protection engineering measures through a model and set up a control group. The model of the control group simulates the erosion conditions under natural conditions without any engineering measures, designs the model's dimensional parameters and calculates the plateau area and gully parameters. Through the simulation of the experimental control module, the operation and development of the gully consolidation and plateau protection engineering measures can be timely grasped, and corresponding sustainable development strategies can be formulated.

9. An electronic device, characterized in that: The electronic device includes: a processor and a memory storing computer program instructions; when the processor executes the computer program instructions, the sustainable natural gully consolidation and plateau protection engineering management method as described in any one of claims 1-7 is implemented.

10. A computer storage medium, characterized in that The computer storage medium stores computer program instructions, and when the computer program instructions are executed by the processor, the sustainable natural gully consolidation and plateau protection engineering management method as described in any one of claims 1 to 7 is implemented.

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