Device for distinguishing touch operation by using friction signal

Abstract

According to the device for distinguishing the touch operation through the friction signal, at least part of the surface of the device comprises a sliding area, the sliding area at least comprises a first sliding area body and a second sliding area body, and the first sliding area body and the second sliding area body have different characteristics. The characteristic shows that the friction signal generated when the finger slides in the first sliding area and the friction signal generated when the finger slides in the second sliding area are distinguishable in time domain or frequency.

Description

A device for identifying touch operations using friction signals

[0001] Cross-references

[0002] This application claims priority to Chinese application No. 202311407961.X filed on October 27, 2023, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0003] This specification relates to the field of acoustic technology, and more particularly to a device for identifying touch operations using friction signals. Background Art

[0004] Using touch technology to control acoustic devices is becoming increasingly common. Currently, existing touch technologies include capacitive, pressure, and optical. Optical touch technology is prone to light interference and distortion on curved surfaces. Capacitive touch technology is susceptible to sweat and other effects, making distortion difficult to resolve. Resistive touch products are relatively expensive and susceptible to scratches. An acoustic wave technology solution is being proposed that can detect the friction signals generated when a user slides across a device's surface, thereby determining the user's sliding action and enabling touch functionality.

[0005] Summary of the Invention

[0006] One embodiment of the present specification provides a device for identifying touch operations using friction signals. At least a portion of the surface of the device includes a sliding area, and the sliding area includes at least a first sliding area and a second sliding area. The first sliding area and the second sliding area have different characteristics. The characteristics are manifested in that the friction signal generated when a finger slides in the first sliding area and the friction signal generated when a finger slides in the second sliding area are distinguishable in the time domain or frequency domain.

[0007] One of the embodiments of this specification also provides a device for identifying touch operations using friction signals, wherein at least a portion of the surface of the device includes a sliding area, and the sliding area includes at least a first sliding area and a second sliding area. The first sliding area and the second sliding area have different characteristics, and the characteristics include material characteristics, roughness characteristics, or surface structure characteristics. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0008] This specification will be further described in the form of exemplary embodiments, which will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. These embodiments are not limiting, and in these embodiments, the same numbers represent the same structures, wherein:

[0009] FIG1 is a schematic diagram of an application scenario according to some embodiments of this specification;

[0010] FIG2A is a schematic structural diagram of an earphone according to some embodiments of this specification;

[0011] FIG2B is a diagram showing a friction signal result according to some embodiments of the present specification;

[0012] FIG2C is an exemplary structural diagram of a sliding area according to some embodiments of the present specification;

[0013] FIG2D is a diagram showing the friction signal results according to some embodiments of the present specification;

[0014] FIG2E is an exemplary structural diagram of a sliding area according to some embodiments of the present specification;

[0015] FIG2F is a geometric diagram illustrating concentric circles formed by vertices of connected helical tooth structures according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0016] FIG2G is a frequency distribution diagram of a friction signal generated when sliding on a helical tooth structure according to some embodiments of the present specification;

[0017] FIG2H is a diagram showing the friction signal results according to some embodiments of the present specification;

[0018] 2I and 2J are schematic diagrams of the structures of micropillars according to some embodiments of this specification;

[0019] FIG2K is a diagram showing a friction signal result according to some embodiments of the present specification;

[0020] FIG2L is a diagram showing the friction signal results according to some embodiments of the present specification;

[0021] 3A-3C are schematic diagrams of structures in which the first sliding area and the second sliding area have different surface roughnesses according to some embodiments of this specification;

[0022] 4A-4B are schematic diagrams of another structure in which the first sliding area and the second sliding area have different surface roughnesses according to some embodiments of this specification;

[0023] FIG5 is a schematic structural diagram of a fish-scale structure according to some embodiments of this specification;

[0024] FIG6 is a schematic structural diagram of a helical gear structure according to some embodiments of this specification;

[0025] 7A-7C are schematic diagrams showing structures in which the first sliding region and the second sliding region have different surface structures according to some embodiments of this specification;

[0026] FIG7D is a diagram showing friction signals generated in different sliding directions according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0027] FIG8 is a flow chart of a friction signal recognition process according to some embodiments of this specification. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this specification, the following briefly describes the drawings required for describing the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are merely examples or embodiments of this specification. Those skilled in the art can apply this specification to other similar scenarios based on these drawings without inventive effort. Unless otherwise apparent from the context or otherwise noted, the same reference numerals in the figures represent the same structure or operation.

[0029] It should be understood that the terms "system," "device," "unit," and / or "module" used herein are a method for distinguishing different components, elements, parts, portions, or assemblies at different levels. However, if other terms can achieve the same purpose, the terms may be replaced by other expressions.

[0030] As used in this specification and claims, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the words "a," "an," "an," and / or "the" do not refer to the singular but also include the plural. Generally speaking, the terms "comprises" and "include" only indicate the inclusion of the steps and elements specifically identified, and these steps and elements do not constitute an exclusive list. A method or apparatus may also include other steps or elements.

[0031] FIG1 is a schematic diagram of an application scenario according to some embodiments of this specification.

[0032] The application scenario 100 may include a network 110, a processor 120, a storage device 130, and a terminal device 140. In some embodiments, a user performs a sliding operation on the surface of the terminal device 140, and the sliding operation generates a friction signal. The processor 120 recognizes the friction signal generated by the sliding operation, thereby being able to identify the user operation (for example, identifying the sliding direction, sliding force, sliding distance, etc.), and controls the terminal device 140 to perform a corresponding function (for example, increasing or decreasing the volume) according to the user operation, thereby realizing the touch function of the terminal device 140. In some embodiments, the processor 120 can recognize the friction signal generated by the sliding operation, thereby being able to identify the user's sliding direction, and control the terminal device 140 to increase or decrease the volume according to the sliding direction. In some embodiments, the processor 120 can recognize the friction signal generated by the sliding operation, thereby being able to identify the user's sliding force and / or sliding distance, and determine whether the sliding operation is a false touch based on the sliding force and / or sliding distance. For example, when the sliding force and / or sliding distance are not within the preset range (such as too small or too large), the sliding operation may be caused by the user's accidental touch. At this time, there is no need to control the terminal device 140 to perform the operation. In some embodiments, in addition to controlling the operation of the terminal device 140 based on the identification of the friction signal, the operation of the terminal device 140 can also be controlled by identifying other signal types, such as vibration signals. As an example, the user taps on the surface of the terminal device 140, and the tapping operation generates a vibration signal. The processor 120 identifies the vibration signal generated by the tapping operation (for example, the number of taps, the frequency of the tapping, the force of the tapping), thereby being able to identify the user operation and control the terminal device 140 to perform the corresponding function (for example, pause or continue playing audio) according to the user operation, thereby realizing the touch function of the terminal device 140. In some embodiments, the processor 120 can be located inside the terminal device 140, or it can be located outside the terminal device 140 and communicate with the terminal device 140 via wired or wireless means. For example, the friction signal generated by the user's operation on the surface of the terminal device 140 can be directly processed by the processing device in the terminal device 140, and the control instruction for controlling the terminal device 140 is generated based on the user operation identified by the processing result.

[0033] In some embodiments, the processor 120 may be a single processor or a processor group. The processor group may be centralized or distributed (for example, the processor 120 may be a distributed system). In some embodiments, the processor 120 may be local or remote. For example, the processor 120 may access information and / or data stored in the storage device 130 or the terminal device 140 through the network 110. For another example, the processor 120 may be directly connected to the storage device 130 or the terminal device 140 to access the stored information and / or data. In some embodiments, the processor 120 may be implemented on a cloud platform. By way of example only, the cloud platform may include a private cloud, a public cloud, a hybrid cloud, a community cloud, a distributed cloud, between clouds, multiple clouds, etc., or any combination of the above examples.

[0034] The storage device 130 can store data and / or instructions related to the terminal device 140. For example, it can store training samples for a machine learning model (i.e., multiple friction signals generated by multiple user sliding operations). In some embodiments, the storage device 130 can include mass storage, removable storage, volatile read-write memory, read-only memory (ROM), or any combination thereof. Exemplary mass storage devices can include magnetic disks, optical disks, solid-state disks, etc. Exemplary removable storage devices can include flash drives, floppy disks, optical disks, memory cards, compact disks, magnetic tapes, etc. Exemplary volatile read-only memory can include random access memory (RAM). Exemplary RAM can include dynamic RAM (DRAM), double data rate synchronous dynamic RAM (DDRSDRAM), static RAM (SRAM), thyristor RAM (T-RAM), and zero-capacitance RAM (Z-RAM). Exemplary ROM can include mask ROM (MROM), programmable ROM (PROM), erasable programmable ROM (PEROM), electronically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), compact disk ROM (CD-ROM), and digital versatile disk ROM. In some embodiments, the storage device 130 can be implemented on a cloud platform.

[0035] In some embodiments, the storage device 130 may be connected to the network 110 to communicate with one or more components (e.g., the processor 120, the terminal device 140) in the application scenario 100. One or more components in the application scenario 100 may access data or instructions stored in the storage device 130 through the network 110. In some embodiments, the storage device 130 may be directly connected to or communicate with one or more components (e.g., the processor 120, the terminal device 140, etc.) in the application scenario 100. In some embodiments, the storage device 130 may be part of the processor 120.

[0036] The network 110 can connect the various components of the system and / or connect the system with external resources. The network 110 enables communication between the various components and with other components outside the system, facilitating the exchange of data and / or information. In some embodiments, the network 110 can be either a wired network or a wireless network, or both. The processor 120 can obtain friction signal data from the terminal device 140 and / or the storage device 130 via the network 110.

[0037] The terminal device 140 can perform functions related to user operations. In some embodiments, the terminal device 140 may include headphones (e.g., earbud headphones 141, open headphones 142), watches 143, glasses 144, bracelets, wearable clothing, smart helmets, VR / AR devices, etc. Taking headphones as an example, the user slides on the surface of the headphones, and the sliding operation generates a friction signal. The microphone component in the headphones picks up the friction signal, and the processor 120 processes the friction signal (such as signal segmentation, signal pre-emphasis, feature extraction, etc.) to identify the user's sliding direction, thereby controlling the headphones to perform corresponding functions (e.g., increase or decrease the volume) according to the sliding direction, thereby realizing the touch function of the headphones.

[0038] The description of application scenario 100 is intended to be illustrative and not to limit the scope of the present application. Many alternatives, modifications, and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art. It is understood that, after understanding the principles of the application, those skilled in the art may modify various components without departing from such principles, and such modifications are within the scope of protection of this specification.

[0039] In some embodiments, a portion of the housing surface of a terminal device may include a sliding area. For example, the housing surface of the sound-emitting portion of an earphone may include a sliding area. When a user slides in the sliding area, a friction signal is generated. This friction signal is picked up by a pickup component (e.g., a microphone). A processing device processes the friction signal (e.g., by friction signal segmentation, friction signal pre-emphasis, feature extraction, etc.) to identify the direction and force of the slide, thereby controlling the earphone to perform corresponding functions. Taking the identification of sliding direction as an example, when a user's finger slides in the sliding area, the friction signal generated by different sliding directions (the friction signal refers to the signal picked up by the pickup component and processed by the processing device) is different. Therefore, the sliding direction can be identified based on the friction signal. For example, when the sliding direction is different, the corresponding friction signal has different acoustic characteristics in the time domain or frequency domain (e.g., the volume of the friction signal, the frequency of the friction signal, the number of peaks in the friction signal, the discontinuity of the friction signal). Therefore, the sliding direction can be identified based on the acoustic characteristics of the friction signal in the time domain or frequency domain. In some embodiments, when the structure and / or material of the sliding area over which the user's finger slides are substantially the same or have relatively small differences (and the propagation path of the friction signal and the position of the pickup assembly are substantially the same), there will be some differences between the acoustic characteristics of the friction signals generated in different sliding directions. However, these differences may be relatively small, which makes it difficult to use the algorithm to identify the sliding direction based on the differences in the acoustic characteristics of the friction signals and the algorithm overly complex. Furthermore, excessively small differences in acoustic characteristics may make it impossible to use the algorithm to identify the sliding direction. Based on this, further, in order to reduce the difficulty of the algorithm in identifying the sliding direction, designs can be made at different levels, such as the generation, propagation, and acquisition of the friction signal, to increase the degree of difference in the acoustic characteristics between the friction signals generated in different sliding directions, thereby reducing the difficulty of the algorithm. For example, at the level of friction signal generation, the characteristics of the sliding area can be designed so that the sliding area includes multiple sub-sliding areas, and different sub-sliding areas have different characteristics (such as different materials, different structures, etc.), thereby increasing the degree of difference in the acoustic characteristics of the friction signal. For another example, to enhance the propagation of friction signals, acoustic materials can be placed in the friction signal propagation path to increase the degree of differentiation of the friction signal's acoustic characteristics. For another example, to enhance the degree of differentiation of the friction signal's acoustic characteristics by adjusting the position of the sound pickup assembly during friction signal acquisition. In some embodiments, the characteristics of the two sliding areas can be designed so that the different types of acoustic characteristics of the friction signals generated by sliding operations in the two sliding areas have significant differences, thereby enabling the sliding direction to be determined based on the different types of acoustic characteristics of the friction signals.

[0040] Figure 2A is a schematic diagram of the structure of an earphone according to some embodiments of this specification. As shown in Figure 2A, earphone 150 may include a sound-emitting portion 154, an ear hook 155, and a housing 156. The sound-emitting portion 154 can be located near the ear and transmit sound. The housing 156 is electrically connected to the sound-emitting portion 154 and can house a battery that provides power to the sound-emitting portion 154. The ear hook 155 is connected between the sound-emitting portion 154 and the housing 156 and can be suspended from the ear, placing the sound-emitting portion 154 near the user's ear. In some embodiments, the sound-emitting portion 154 may include a housing and an earphone core. The housing is connected to one end of the ear hook 155 and is used to house the earphone core. The earphone core is located within the internal space formed by the housing. The earphone core can be used to convert electrical signals into corresponding mechanical vibrations (i.e., "sound"). The housing 156 is connected to the other end of the ear hook 155 (the end away from the sound-emitting portion 154). In some alternative embodiments, the housing 156 can accommodate a circuit board, which is electrically connected to the sound-emitting portion 154, so as to achieve sound control of the sound-emitting portion 154. For example, the circuit board can be electrically connected to the earphone core of the sound-emitting portion 154 (for example, via a wire or a flexible circuit board) so that the circuit board can control the sound of the earphone core. In some alternative embodiments, the housing 156 can be omitted, and the battery can be located inside the core housing. In some embodiments, the earphone 150 can include a microphone. A microphone is a sound pickup device that can convert a friction signal (such as a sound signal) into an electrical signal. In some embodiments, the microphone can include a bone conduction microphone. A bone conduction microphone can convert a vibration signal into an electrical signal. For example, when a user's finger slides on the surface of the sound-emitting portion 154, a vibration signal is generated. The vibration signal can be transmitted to the bone conduction microphone through the housing structure, and the bone conduction microphone can collect the vibration signal and convert it into an electrical signal. In some embodiments, the microphone can include an air conduction microphone. The air conduction microphone can convert an air conduction friction signal into an electrical signal. For example, when the user's finger slides on the surface of the sound-emitting portion 154, the vibration of the surface of the sound-emitting portion 154 will drive the surrounding air to vibrate and generate an air conduction friction signal. The air conduction microphone can collect the air conduction friction signal and convert it into an electrical signal.

[0041] In some embodiments, the outer surface of the core shell of the sound-emitting portion 154 of the earphone 150 (the outer surface of the core shell of the sound-emitting portion 154 refers to the surface of the core shell facing away from the ear when the earphone 150 is worn) may include a sliding area. Providing the sliding area on the outer surface of the core shell of the sound-emitting portion 154 can, on the one hand, ensure that the sliding area has a sufficiently large sliding area and facilitates the user's sliding operation, and on the other hand, maintain the wearing stability of the earphone during the sliding process. In some embodiments, in order to make the friction signals generated by different sliding directions have a more obvious distinction, the sliding area can be divided, and the characteristics of the divided sub-sliding areas can be designed so that different sub-sliding areas have different structures or material designs, thereby increasing the difference in the acoustic characteristics of the friction signals generated by the sliding operations on different sub-sliding areas, and then judging the sliding direction according to the different characteristics of the friction signals.

[0042] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG2A , the sliding area may include adjacent first and second sliding areas 151 and 152. The first and second sliding areas 151 and 152 are disposed on the outer surface of the housing of the sound-emitting portion 154 of the earphone 150, and the user's fingers may slide on the first and second sliding areas 151 and 152.

[0043] In some embodiments, a location on the outer surface of the core housing of the sound-emitting portion 154 can serve as a transition region 153. The transition region 153 divides the outer surface into two regions: the surface area between the transition region 153 and one end (the free end) of the sound-emitting portion 154 serves as a second sliding region 152, and the surface area between the transition region 153 and the other end (the non-free end) of the sound-emitting portion 154 serves as a first sliding region 151. For example, as shown in FIG2A , the midline of the long axis of the sound-emitting portion 154 can serve as the transition region 153. The transition region 153 can be a transition line (as shown in FIG2A ) or a transition surface. In some embodiments, the sum of the areas of the first sliding region 151 and the second sliding region 152 can be less than or equal to the surface area of ​​the outer surface of the core housing of the sound-emitting portion 154 of the earphone 150. In some embodiments, the surface area of ​​the outer surface of the core housing of the sound-emitting portion 154 can be the area of ​​the projection of the sound-emitting portion 154 onto the sagittal plane of the human body when the earphone 150 is worn. For example, as shown in FIG2A , the sum of the areas of the first sliding area 151 and the second sliding area 152 may be equal to or approximately equal to the surface area of ​​the outer surface of the core housing of the sound-emitting portion 154 (in this case, the sliding area is the entire outer surface of the core housing of the sound-emitting portion 154). For another example, in other embodiments, considering that the area of ​​the earphone 150 exposed to the air or the area convenient for touch when worn may be smaller than the outer surface of the core housing of the sound-emitting portion 154 (this is because the free end of the sound-emitting portion 154 may be blocked by the auricle when the earphone 150 is worn), the sum of the areas of the first sliding area 151 and the second sliding area 152 may be set to be smaller than the surface area of ​​the outer surface of the core housing of the sound-emitting portion 154, such as the sliding area as a whole is away from the free end of the sound-emitting portion 154 (in this case, the sliding area is part of the outer surface of the core housing of the sound-emitting portion 154). By setting the sliding area as a whole away from the free end of the sound-emitting part 154, on the one hand, it can facilitate the user to perform sliding operations on the entire sliding area; on the other hand, when the earphone 150 is in the worn state, it can ensure that the user's fingers can slide to the entire sliding area, avoiding the situation where the fingers only slide on a sub-sliding area.

[0044] In some embodiments, a user's finger can slide from the first sliding region 151 to the second sliding region 152, or vice versa. Sliding from the second sliding region 152 to the first sliding region 151 can be recorded as sliding in the first direction, and sliding from the first sliding region 151 to the second sliding region 152 can be recorded as sliding in the second direction. In some embodiments, to ensure that the friction signals generated by sliding in different directions are clearly distinguishable in terms of acoustic characteristics, the first sliding region 151 and the second sliding region 152 can be designed to have different structures and / or materials, thereby enhancing the difference in acoustic characteristics between the friction signals generated by sliding in the two sliding directions. In some embodiments, when the first sliding region 151 and the second sliding region 152 have different characteristics (e.g., material characteristics, roughness characteristics, or surface structure characteristics), the friction signal generated when the finger slides in the first sliding region 151 (also referred to as the first friction signal) and the friction signal generated when the finger slides in the second sliding region 152 (also referred to as the second friction signal) are distinguishable in the time domain or frequency domain. Distinguishability refers to the difference in acoustic characteristics between the first and second friction signals in the time or frequency domain. These acoustic characteristics may include, but are not limited to, amplitude, peak characteristics (number of peaks, peak temporal distribution, or peak intensity), discontinuity, fundamental frequency, and peak frequency. For more information on distinguishability of friction signals generated in different sliding zones in the time or frequency domain, please refer to the following description.

[0045] For illustrative purposes, to facilitate comparison of friction signals corresponding to different sliding regions, friction signals can be collected using the following test method: a simulated finger is slid across two sliding regions with identical parameters to generate corresponding friction signals. These parameters may include pressure, sliding speed, and sliding distance. For example, a silicone finger model can be used to collect friction signals, sliding across the two sliding regions with identical pressure, sliding speed, and sliding distance. When the characteristics of the first and second sliding regions 151, 152 are identical, the acoustic characteristics of the first and second friction signals generated by the simulated finger sliding across the first and second sliding regions 151, 152, with identical parameters, are substantially identical in the time or frequency domain. Conversely, when the first and second sliding regions 151, 152 have different characteristics, the first and second friction signals generated by the simulated finger sliding across the first and second sliding regions 152, with identical parameters, are significantly different in the time or frequency domain, i.e., distinguishable.

[0046] It should be noted that the first sliding area 151 and the second sliding area 152 described above are merely exemplary. In other embodiments, more sliding areas may be provided to increase the discrimination of the friction signal generated by a sliding operation or to identify more sliding directions. For example, the sliding area may further include a third sliding area, with the first sliding area 151, the second sliding area 152, and the third sliding area arranged sequentially along the long axis of the sound-generating portion 154. In this arrangement, when a user's finger swipes across the three sliding areas, the discrimination of the friction signal generated by the sliding operation can be further enhanced. For example, if the sliding area includes two sub-sliding areas, the friction signal generated by the sliding operation may have one characteristic abrupt change, such as when sliding to the junction of the two sub-sliding areas. If the sliding area includes three sub-sliding areas, the friction signal may have two abrupt changes, namely at the junction of the first and second sub-sliding areas, and at the junction of the second and third sub-sliding areas. For another example, the arrangement of the three sliding areas can be varied, such as by arranging them perpendicular to the long axis of the sound-generating portion 154, to enable identification of more sliding directions. In some embodiments, the user's finger can not only slide along the first direction or the second direction, but also slide along more other directions, for example, sliding along a third direction and a fourth direction perpendicular to the first direction. The setting method of multiple sliding areas only needs to satisfy that the acoustic characteristics of the friction signals generated by the user sliding on multiple sliding areas can have large differences, thereby judging the sliding direction based on the acoustic characteristics of the friction signals.

[0047] In some embodiments, the two sliding regions can be designed to improve the distinguishability of the acoustic characteristics (e.g., volume of the friction signal, frequency of the friction signal, number of peaks in the friction signal, discontinuity of the friction signal) of the friction signal generated when the user's finger slides across the two sliding regions, thereby determining the sliding direction based on the difference in acoustic characteristics. In some embodiments, the two sliding regions can be designed to improve the degree of difference in the volume of the friction signal generated when the user's finger slides across the two sliding regions, thereby determining the sliding direction based on the magnitude of the volume. In some embodiments, the two sliding regions can be designed to have different surface roughness, materials, surface structures, porosity, etc., thereby achieving a significant difference in the volume of the friction signal generated when the finger slides across the two sliding regions. In this case, distinguishability is manifested in the difference in volume (also called amplitude difference) between the first friction signal generated when the finger slides across the first sliding region 151 and the second friction signal generated when the finger slides across the second sliding region 152. In other words, when the surface roughness, material, surface structure, or porosity of the two sliding regions are different, the first friction signal generated when the finger slides in the first sliding region 151 and the second friction signal generated when the finger slides in the second sliding region 152 have an amplitude difference, at least in the time domain. In some embodiments, the amplitude difference mentioned here can be understood as the difference in amplitude between the first friction signal and the second friction signal being no less than 20% of the amplitude of the first friction signal or the second friction signal.

[0048] In some embodiments, the design of sliding area characteristics can include material design. In some embodiments, the first sliding area 151 and the second sliding area 152 can be made of different materials. The volume of the friction signal generated by sliding on sliding areas with different material designs can differ significantly. That is, by setting the material characteristics of the two sliding areas to be different, the first friction signal generated when a finger slides on the first sliding area 151 and the second friction signal generated when a finger slides on the second sliding area 152 have an amplitude difference, at least in the time domain. In some embodiments, the materials of the sliding areas may include, but are not limited to, rubber, silicone, plastic, metal (or metal alloy), etc. In some embodiments, plastic may include, but are not limited to, high molecular weight polyethylene, blown nylon, engineering plastics, etc., or any combination thereof. Rubber can refer to other single or composite materials that achieve the same performance, including, but not limited to, general-purpose rubber and specialty rubber. In some embodiments, general-purpose rubber may include, but are not limited to, natural rubber, isoprene rubber, styrene-butadiene rubber, butadiene rubber, chloroprene rubber, etc., or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, specialty rubber may include, but are not limited to, nitrile rubber, silicone rubber, fluororubber, polysulfide rubber, polyurethane rubber, epichlorohydrin rubber, acrylate rubber, propylene oxide rubber, etc., or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, composite materials may include, but are not limited to, reinforcing materials such as glass fiber, carbon fiber, boron fiber, graphite fiber, graphene fiber, silicon carbide fiber, or aramid fiber. In some embodiments, to increase the difference in the volume of the friction signal generated by sliding on the first sliding region 151 and the second sliding region 152, different materials may be used for the first sliding region 151 and the second sliding region 152. For example, the first sliding region 151 may be silicone, and the second sliding region 152 may be plastic. Another example may be silicone, and the second sliding region 152 may be aluminum. Another example may be rubber, and the second sliding region 152 may be aluminum alloy.

[0049] In some embodiments, different materials have different parameters. Material parameters may include, but are not limited to, hardness, elastic modulus, plasticity, toughness, and so on. In some embodiments, to increase the volume difference between the friction signal generated by sliding on the first sliding area 151 and the second sliding area 152, at least one of the parameters of the materials of the first sliding area 151 and the second sliding area 152 may differ. In some embodiments, the elastic modulus of the materials of the first sliding area 151 and the second sliding area 152 may differ. For example, the materials of the first sliding area 151 and the second sliding area 152 may be flexible and rigid, respectively. The elastic modulus of the flexible material ranges from 7.8 MPa to 1.2 GPa. The elastic modulus of the rigid material ranges from 2.2 GPa to 150 GPa. As an example, the material of the first sliding area 151 may be rubber, and the material of the second sliding area 152 may be plastic. In some embodiments, the hardness of the materials of the first sliding area 151 and the second sliding area 152 may differ. The difference in Shore hardness between the material of the first sliding area 151 and the material of the second sliding area 152 is within the range of 42 HD to 86 HD. As an example, the material of the first sliding area 151 can be hard plastic, and the material of the second sliding area 152 can be rubber. It should be noted that the first sliding area 151 and the second sliding area 152 can be made of different materials or the same material with different material parameters, as long as the volume of the friction signal generated by sliding on the first sliding area 151 and the second sliding area 152 is sufficiently different to determine the sliding direction. This specification does not specifically limit the combination of materials or material parameters.

[0050] In some embodiments, the characteristic design of the sliding area may include a roughness design. In some embodiments, the first sliding area 151 and the second sliding area 152 may have different roughness. The roughness characteristics of the two sliding areas are set to be different, and the first friction signal generated when the finger slides in the first sliding area 151 and the second friction signal generated when the finger slides in the second sliding area 152 have an amplitude difference at least in the time domain. Roughness can be used to characterize the degree of smoothness or roughness of the sliding area. The smaller the roughness, the smoother the sliding area; the larger the roughness, the rougher the sliding area. The volume of the friction signal generated by sliding on sliding areas with different roughness is different, so the sliding direction can be judged based on the volume of the friction signal generated by the sliding operation.

[0051] In some embodiments, roughness can be characterized by particle parameters. Particle parameters may include, but are not limited to, particle size, shape, quantity, spacing, etc. Figures 3A-3C are schematic diagrams of structures in which the first sliding area and the second sliding area have different roughness according to some embodiments of this specification. In some embodiments, roughness can be formed by processing particles on the sliding area. In some embodiments, as shown in Figure 3A, a plurality of particles can be set on the first sliding area 151, and the first sliding area 151 has a rough surface; no particles are set on the second sliding area 152, and the second sliding area 152 has a smooth surface. In some embodiments, the parameters of the particles on the first sliding area 151 can determine the size of the roughness of the first sliding area 151. It is understandable that the parameters of the particles are related to the size of the sound-producing part of the earphone and ergonomics. As an example only, the size of the area on the outer surface of the sound-producing part where particles can be arranged is approximately 12mm*24mm, and the size of the area where the fingertips contact the earphone during sliding (i.e., the sliding area) is approximately 14mm*14mm. In order to increase the difference in the volume of the friction signal generated by sliding on the two sliding areas, the shape of the particles on the first sliding area 151 can be hemispherical, with a diameter of 0.1mm to 2mm and a spacing of 0.2mm to 4mm. In some embodiments, as shown in Figure 3B, no particles are provided on the first sliding area 151, which is a smooth surface; several particles are provided on the second sliding area 152, which is a rough surface. The particles on the second sliding area 152 are spherical, with a diameter of 0.1mm to 2mm and a spacing of 0.2mm to 4mm.

[0052] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG3C , a plurality of particles may be provided on each of the first sliding region 151 and the second sliding region 152, but the particles on the two sliding regions have different parameters. For example, as shown in FIG3C , the particles on the two sliding regions have the same shape and size, but the number of particles and the distance between particles are different. The difference in the number of particles and the distance between particles can result in a significant difference in the friction signals generated by sliding on the two sliding regions. For another example, in other embodiments, the particles in the two sliding regions have the same shape, but different particle sizes, different number of particles, and different distance between particles; or, the particles in the two sliding regions have different shapes, the same particle size, the same number of particles, and the same distance between particles; or, the particles have different shapes, particle sizes, number of particles, and distance between particles.

[0053] Figures 4A-4B are schematic diagrams of another structure in which the first sliding area and the second sliding area have different surface roughnesses according to some embodiments of this specification. In some embodiments, the sliding area can be made to have different roughness by processing stripes on the sliding area. In some embodiments, the width, height, and spacing of the stripes can determine the roughness of the sliding area. The stripe width refers to the length of the stripe along the direction of stripe arrangement. The stripe height refers to the length of the stripe protruding from the surface of the sliding area. The stripe spacing refers to the distance between two adjacent stripes. In some embodiments, as shown in Figure 4A, a plurality of stripes can be provided on the first sliding area 151, and the first sliding area 151 has a rough surface; no stripes are provided on the second sliding area 152, and the second sliding area 152 has a smooth surface. It is understood that the parameters of the stripes are related to the size of the sound-producing part of the earphone and ergonomics. For example only, the size of the striped area on the outer surface of the sound-producing part is approximately 12mm by 24mm, and the size of the area where the fingertips contact the earphone during sliding (i.e., the sliding area) is approximately 14mm by 14mm. To increase the volume difference of the friction signal generated by sliding on the two sliding areas, the width of the stripes on the first sliding area 151 can be 0.5mm to 5mm, the height of the stripes can be 0.1mm to 2mm, and the spacing between the stripes can be 0.2mm to 8mm. In some embodiments, as shown in Figure 4B, multiple stripes can be provided on both the first sliding area 151 and the second sliding area 152, but the stripes on the two sliding areas have different parameters. For example, the stripes on the two sliding areas have the same width and height, but different stripe spacing. In another example, the stripes on the two sliding areas have different widths and heights, but different stripe spacing. In another example, the stripes on the two sliding areas have different widths, different heights, and different stripe spacing. It should be noted that the particle roughness design shown in FIG. 3A to FIG. 3C and the stripe roughness design shown in FIG. 4A to FIG. 4B can be used in combination.

[0054] As a specific example, the first sliding area 151 can be a smooth surface (e.g., silicone, resin), and the second sliding area 152 can be a frosted surface. The volume of the friction signal generated by a user's finger sliding on the frosted surface is generally higher than the volume of the friction signal generated by the finger sliding on the smooth surface (it is understood that the force of the finger sliding on the frosted and smooth surfaces is substantially the same). Therefore, the sliding direction can be determined based on the volume of the friction signal generated by the sliding operation. For example, if the volume of the friction signal generated by the sliding operation is initially low and then high, it can be determined that the user's finger is sliding from the smooth surface to the frosted surface (i.e., sliding from the first sliding area 151 to the second sliding area 152). If the volume of the friction signal generated by the sliding operation is initially high and then low, it can be determined that the user's finger is sliding from the frosted surface to the smooth surface (i.e., sliding from the second sliding area 152 to the first sliding area 151). In some embodiments, to ensure that the volume of the friction signal generated by the frosted surface and the smooth surface is significantly different, the difference in the kinetic friction coefficient between the frosted surface and the smooth surface can be greater than 0.3. Figure 2B is a result graph of the friction signal according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. The left friction signal in FIG2B represents the friction signal generated by a smooth surface, and the right friction signal represents the friction signal generated by a frosted surface. As can be seen from the figure, the amplitude (i.e., volume) of the friction signal on the right is greater than that of the friction signal on the left.

[0055] In some embodiments, the characteristic design of the sliding area may include a surface structure design. In some embodiments, the first sliding area 151 and the second sliding area 152 may have different surface structures. The surface structure characteristics of the two sliding areas are set to be different, and the first friction signal generated when the finger slides in the first sliding area 151 and the second friction signal generated when the finger slides in the second sliding area 152 have an amplitude difference at least in the time domain. The surface structure may refer to a special structure of the surface of the sliding area. In some embodiments, the surface structure may include a plane structure and a gradient structure. The gradient structure has a certain slope (greater than zero), and when the slope of the gradient structure is different, the volume of the friction signal generated by the sliding operation has a large difference. It is understandable that the slope of the plane structure is zero. In some embodiments, the gradient structure may include but is not limited to a fish scale structure and a bevel tooth structure.

[0056] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of a fish-scale structure according to some embodiments of the present invention. Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of a beveled tooth structure according to some embodiments of the present invention. As shown in Figure 5, several scale-like structures are arranged obliquely in the same direction to form the fish-scale structure. As shown in Figure 6, several triangular protrusions are arranged to form the beveled tooth structure. In some embodiments, adjacent protrusions may be spaced apart (as shown in Figure 6) or arranged without any spacing. In some embodiments, the shape of the protrusions is not limited to the triangles shown in Figure 6, but may also be other geometric shapes, such as regular and / or irregular shapes such as a pentagonal star or a quadrilateral. In some embodiments, the gradient structure (fish-scale structure or beveled tooth structure) may have a slope. For example, when the protrusions are triangular, the slope of the beveled tooth structure may be the tangent of an angle α. When sliding on sliding areas with gradient structures having different slopes, the volume of the friction signal generated varies significantly. By setting the slope of the gradient structure, the volume of the friction signal generated by sliding on a sliding area with the gradient structure having the slope can be adjusted, thereby increasing the differentiation of the volume of the friction signal generated by sliding on two sliding areas.

[0057] In some embodiments, different surface structures can be provided on the two sliding regions to increase the difference in volume between the friction signals generated by sliding on the two sliding regions. For example, the surface structure of the first sliding region 151 is a planar structure, and the surface structure of the second sliding region 152 is a helical tooth structure. In another example, the surface structures of the first sliding region 151 and the second sliding region 152 are both helical tooth structures, but the slopes of the two helical tooth structures are different. In other embodiments, the orientation of the gradient structure can be set to increase the difference in volume between the friction signals generated by sliding on the two sliding regions. For example, the surface structures of the two sliding regions are both fish-scale structures, but the fish-scale structures are oriented in different directions.

[0058] Figures 7A-7C are schematic diagrams of structures in which the first sliding region and the second sliding region have different surface structures according to some embodiments of this specification. In some embodiments, as shown in Figure 7A, the surface structure of the first sliding region 151 is a helical tooth structure, and the surface structure of the second sliding region 152 is a planar structure. In some embodiments, as shown in Figure 7B, the surface structure of the first sliding region 151 is a planar structure, and the surface structure of the second sliding region 152 is a helical tooth structure. In some embodiments, as shown in Figure 7C, the surface structures of the first sliding region 151 and the second sliding region 152 are both helical tooth structures, with the helical tooth structures having the same slope but facing different directions. It should be noted that the planar structure and the gradient structure are merely exemplary surface structures. In other alternative embodiments, the surface structure may include any raised structure provided on the surface of the sliding region. A raised structure may refer to a geometric structure protruding from the surface of the sliding region. For example, raised particles provided on the surface of the sliding region may serve as the surface structure of the sliding region. Furthermore, the embodiments of this specification do not specifically limit the number of raised structures.

[0059] In some embodiments, the first sliding region 151 and the second sliding region 152 can be designed with any combination of material, roughness, and surface structure to enhance the differentiation of the volume of the friction signal generated by sliding on the two sliding regions, thereby improving the accuracy of sliding direction determination. In some embodiments, the first sliding region 151 and the second sliding region 152 can have one common characteristic in terms of material, roughness, and surface structure, while the other two characteristics can be designed differently. In some embodiments, the first sliding region 151 and the second sliding region 152 can be made of the same material but have different roughness and surface structures. For example, the first sliding region 151 and the second sliding region 152 can both be made of silicone; the first sliding region 151 can have particles applied to it, resulting in a rough surface, while the second sliding region 152 can have no particles applied to it, resulting in a smooth surface; the first sliding region 151 can have a fish-scale surface, while the second sliding region 152 can have a flat surface. In other embodiments, the first sliding region 151 and the second sliding region 152 may have the same roughness but different materials and surface structures, or the first sliding region 151 and the second sliding region 152 may have the same surface structure but different materials and roughness. In some embodiments, the first sliding region 151 and the second sliding region 152 may differ in material, roughness, and surface structure. For example, the first sliding region 151 may be made of silicone, while the second sliding region 152 may be made of plastic; the first sliding region 151 may be smooth without particles, while the second sliding region 152 may be rough with particles; the first sliding region 151 may have a planar surface, while the second sliding region 152 may have a helical tooth structure.

[0060] Figure 7D shows the friction signals generated by different sliding directions according to some embodiments of this specification. The sliding regions in Figure 7D are configured such that the first sliding region 151 and the second sliding region 152 have different materials, roughness, and surface structures. The friction signals on the left and right sides of the figure represent the friction signals generated by sliding in the first direction (from the second sliding region to the first sliding region) and sliding in the second direction (from the first sliding region to the second sliding region), respectively. Comparing the left and right friction signals in Figure 7D, it can be seen that the volume of the friction signal on the left is significantly lower than that on the right, thus enabling the sliding direction to be determined by the volume of the friction signal.

[0061] In some embodiments, other characteristics can be designed for the two sliding regions, such as setting different porosities for the two sliding regions and different contact areas between the finger and the two sliding regions during sliding. Taking porosity as an example, the first sliding region 151 and the second sliding region 152 can have different porosities. The pores on the sliding region surfaces can increase the amplitude of the friction signal. By setting different porosities for the two sliding regions, the first friction signal generated when a finger slides on the first sliding region 151 and the second friction signal generated when a finger slides on the second sliding region 152 have an amplitude difference, at least in the time domain. Figure 2C is an exemplary structural diagram of sliding regions according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 2C, the surface of the first sliding region 151 can be smooth (i.e., without pores), while the surface of the second sliding region 152 is provided with multiple pores 152-1. The pores 152-1 can increase the amplitude of the friction signal generated in the second sliding region 152 compared to the friction signal generated by sliding on the first sliding region 151. Figure 2D is a resultant diagram of the friction signal according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. The friction signal on the left in Figure 2D represents the friction signal generated by the second sliding area 152 (with pores), and the friction signal on the right represents the friction signal generated by the first sliding area 151 (without pores). It can be seen from the figure that the amplitude (that is, the volume) of the friction signal on the right is smaller than the amplitude of the friction signal on the left.

[0062] In some embodiments, the two sliding regions can be designed to enhance the frequency difference between the friction signals generated when a user's finger slides across the two sliding regions, thereby determining the sliding direction based on the frequency difference. In some embodiments, the sliding regions can be designed to have different natural resonant frequencies, thereby enhancing the distinguishability of the frequency characteristics of the friction signals generated by a finger sliding across the two sliding regions. In this case, distinguishability is manifested by the difference in frequency characteristics between the first friction signal generated when a finger slides across the first sliding region 151 and the second friction signal generated when a finger slides across the second sliding region 152. In other words, by setting the two sliding regions to have different natural resonant frequencies, the first friction signal generated when a finger slides across the first sliding region 151 and the second friction signal generated when a finger slides across the second sliding region 152 differ at least in the frequency domain. In some embodiments, a structure such as a wave plate, string, beam, membrane, or cavity (e.g., a Helmholtz resonator) can be provided on one sliding region while the other sliding region is not provided with such a structure. Alternatively, the two sliding regions can be provided with structures such as wave plates, strings, beams, membranes, or cavities with different parameters (e.g., lengths, widths, or thicknesses). In some embodiments, wave plates of different lengths can be provided on the sliding area. The frequencies of the friction signals generated by a finger sliding over wave plates of different lengths differ significantly. Thus, the sliding direction can be determined based on the difference in the frequencies of the friction signals. As an example, FIG2E is an exemplary structural diagram of a sliding area according to some embodiments of this specification. As shown in FIG2E (a), multiple wave plates 151-2 of different lengths can be provided on one sliding area, while no wave plate is provided on the other sliding area. As shown in FIG2E (b), multiple wave plates 151-2 of different lengths can be provided on both sliding areas. The length of the wave plate 151-2 refers to the projected dimension of the wave plate along a direction perpendicular to the surface of the sliding area. In some embodiments, as shown in FIG2E (a) and (b), the wave plate 151-2 can be provided vertically (i.e., perpendicular to the surface of the sliding area). In other embodiments, the wave plate 151-2 can be provided at an angle, as shown in FIG2E (c). In some embodiments, similar to the arrangement of wave plates, chords of different lengths can be provided on the sliding area. The frequencies of the friction signals generated by a finger sliding over chords of different lengths differ significantly. As an example, as shown in (d) of FIG2E , multiple chords 151 - 3 of different lengths may be provided on both sliding regions. It is understood that in other embodiments, multiple chords of different lengths may be provided on one sliding region, while no chord is provided on the other sliding region. The length of the chord 151 - 3 refers to the extended dimension of the chord in a direction parallel to the surface of the sliding region. In some embodiments, membranes or cavities of different sizes may be formed on the sliding region, and the frequencies of the friction signals generated by a finger sliding over membranes or cavities of different sizes may be significantly different.As an example, as shown in (e) in FIG2E , a membrane 151-1 may be formed below one sliding area, while no membrane 151-1 is provided in the other sliding area. As shown in (f) in FIG2E , cavities 151-4 of different sizes (such as volumes) may be formed below the two sliding areas (the below the sliding area refers to the direction of the sliding area toward the inside of the sound-emitting part). The shape of the cavity 151-4 may be circular or elliptical as shown in (f) in FIG2E . In other embodiments, it may be other shapes, such as square, triangle, pentagon and other regular and / or irregular geometric shapes. In some embodiments, different structures (reeds, strings, membranes, cavities, etc.) may also be arbitrarily combined (i.e., different types of structures are provided on the two sliding areas) so that the frequency of the friction signal generated by the sliding operation is more obviously different.

[0063] In some embodiments, a microstructure (e.g., a spring sheet) can be provided on a sub-sliding area. When a finger slides into the sub-sliding area, the microstructure can continuously vibrate and continuously generate a friction signal with a fast jitter frequency and a small amplitude for a certain period of time (a friction signal with a fast jitter frequency and a small amplitude can be recorded as a specific friction signal). Thus, the sliding direction can be identified by the specific friction signal generated by the microstructure. For example, a microstructure can be provided on the first sliding area 151. When the sliding direction is different, the time when the specific friction signal appears is different. For example, when the user's finger slides from the second sliding area 152 to the first sliding area 151, the specific friction signal appears later; when the user's finger slides from the first sliding area 151 to the second sliding area 152, the specific friction signal appears earlier. Thus, the sliding direction can be identified based on the time when the specific friction signal appears.

[0064] In some embodiments, the two sliding regions can also be designed for material, roughness, and / or surface structure to achieve a significant difference in the frequency of the friction signals generated by the sliding operation, thereby determining the sliding direction based on the frequency difference in the friction signals. In some embodiments, the two sliding regions are configured with different material properties (or roughness properties, or surface structure properties), so that the first friction signal generated when a finger slides on the first sliding region 151 and the second friction signal generated when a finger slides on the second sliding region 152 are distinguishable, at least in the frequency domain. This distinguishability is manifested in the difference in the proportion of friction signals within a specific frequency or within a specific frequency range in the first friction signal generated when the finger slides on the first sliding region 151 and the second friction signal generated when the finger slides on the second sliding region 152. For example, the proportion of low-frequency components in the friction signal generated by sliding on sliding regions of materials with different hardnesses varies. For example, the proportion of low-frequency components in the friction signal generated by sliding on a sliding region of softer material is greater than that of low-frequency components in the friction signal generated by sliding on a sliding region of harder material.

[0065] In some embodiments, two sliding areas are provided with different surface structural characteristics (or roughness characteristics, material characteristics), and the first friction signal generated when the finger slides in the first sliding area 151 and the second friction signal generated when the finger slides in the second sliding area 152 are distinguishable at least in the frequency domain, and the distinguishability is manifested in that the fundamental frequencies of the first friction signal generated when the finger slides in the first sliding area 151 and the second friction signal generated when the finger slides in the second sliding area 152 are different. In some embodiments, the fundamental frequency refers to the lowest frequency in the friction signal. Taking the helical tooth structure in the surface structure design (for example, as shown in FIG7A ) as an example, FIG2F is a geometric relationship diagram of the concentric circles formed by the vertices of the helical tooth structure connected according to some embodiments of this specification. For ease of description, the concentric circles can be placed in the xoy coordinate system, and the distance between two adjacent helical teeth in the helical tooth structure is defined as d x The radius of the concentric circle 301 is r1, and the radius difference between two adjacent concentric circles (concentric circle 301 and concentric circle 302) is d r , draw a perpendicular line from point A on the concentric circle 301 to the y-axis and compare it with point B on the y-axis. The distance between the line segment oB is d. At this time, according to the geometric relationship, equation (1) can be obtained:

[0066] When the finger slides on the helical tooth structure along the direction of the arrow in the figure at a speed of Vx, d x remains unchanged, and d x =d r The fundamental frequency of the friction signal generated at this time is f0=2Vx / d xFrom this, we can know that the sliding speed Vx of the finger and the spacing d between adjacent helical teeth x It determines the fundamental frequency of the friction signal. Therefore, when the sliding speed remains basically the same, the spacing between adjacent helical teeth determines the fundamental frequency of the friction signal. In this case, the spacing between adjacent helical teeth can be set to increase the degree of difference in the fundamental frequency of the friction signal generated when the user's finger slides in the two sliding areas (i.e., the area covered by the helical tooth structure and the smooth area). In addition, the material and shape of a single helical tooth in the helical tooth structure determine the frequency peak intensity of the friction signal. Figure 2G is a frequency distribution diagram of the friction signal generated when sliding on the helical tooth structure according to some embodiments of this specification. It can be seen from the figure that the friction signal generated by sliding on the helical tooth structure has multiple characteristic frequency lines, and each characteristic frequency line basically shows a trend of increasing and then decreasing in frequency, and has its own peak frequency. The figure shows that the peak frequency on characteristic frequency line 201 is 1313.5 Hz, the peak frequency on characteristic frequency line 202 is 2435.8 Hz, the peak frequency on characteristic frequency line 203 is 3704.3 Hz, the peak frequency on characteristic frequency line 204 is 4863.5 Hz, and the peak frequency on characteristic frequency line 205 is 6007.6 Hz. The fundamental frequency of the friction signal and its higher harmonics constitute the friction signal soundprint.

[0067] More details about material design, roughness design and / or surface structure design can be found in the above description and will not be repeated here.

[0068] In some embodiments, the two sliding areas can be designed to have different peak characteristics (e.g., number of peaks, peak time distribution, peak intensity) of the friction signal generated when a user's finger slides in the two sliding areas, thereby determining the sliding direction based on the peak characteristics in the friction signal. The fine slits can cause a peak to appear in the friction signal generated by the sliding operation of the finger on the sliding area. Based on this, in some embodiments, different fine slits can be set in the two sliding areas to make the first friction signal generated when the finger slides in the first sliding area 151 and the second friction signal generated when the finger slides in the second sliding area 152 distinguishable. The distinguishability is manifested in that the first friction signal generated when the finger slides in the first sliding area 151 and the second friction signal generated when the finger slides in the second sliding area 152 have at least a difference in peak characteristics. In some embodiments, the first sliding region 151 may be provided with multiple slits, while the second sliding region 152 may not be provided with slits. When a finger slides on the first sliding region 151, the slits may cause a spike in the friction signal generated by the sliding operation. However, when a finger slides on the second sliding region 152, the friction signal generated by the sliding operation is substantially free of spikes. Therefore, the sliding direction can be determined based on the temporal distribution of the spikes in the friction signal. For example, if the peak appears at the beginning of the sliding operation, the sliding direction can be determined to be from the first sliding region 151 (with slits) to the second sliding region 152 (without slits); if the peak appears at the end of the sliding operation, the sliding direction can be determined to be from the second sliding region 152 (without slits) to the first sliding region 151 (with slits). When a finger slides on both sliding regions, the beginning of the sliding operation refers to the time period corresponding to the first sliding region slid by the finger, while the end of the sliding operation refers to the time period corresponding to the second sliding region slid by the finger.

[0069] In some embodiments, different numbers of slits can be provided in the first sliding region 151 and the second sliding region 152, allowing the sliding direction to be determined based on the number of peaks in the friction signal. For example, if the first sliding region 151 has more slits than the second sliding region 152, then the number of peaks in the first friction signal generated when a finger slides in the first sliding region 151 will be greater than the number of peaks in the second friction signal generated when a finger slides in the second sliding region 152. The sliding direction can be determined by comparing the number of peaks in the friction signal generated at the beginning and end of the sliding process. If the number of peaks in the friction signal at the beginning of the sliding process is greater, the sliding direction can be determined to be from the first sliding region 151 to the second sliding region 152. If the number of peaks in the friction signal at the end of the sliding process is greater, the sliding direction can be determined to be from the second sliding region 152 to the first sliding region 151.

[0070] In some embodiments, the depth of the slits can affect the intensity of the peaks caused by the slits. The depth of the slits refers to the length of the slit extending from the surface of the movement housing toward the interior of the sound-producing unit. Within a certain range, the deeper the slit depth, the higher the resulting peak intensity; the shallower the slit depth, the lower the resulting peak intensity. In some embodiments, the slits in the first sliding area 151 and the second sliding area 152 can have different depths, allowing the direction of sliding to be determined based on the peak intensity of the peaks appearing in the friction signal. For example, if the slit depth in the first sliding area 151 is greater than that in the second sliding area 152, the peak intensity of the first friction signal generated when a finger slides in the first sliding area 151 will be higher than the peak intensity of the second friction signal generated when a finger slides in the second sliding area 152. If the peak intensity in the friction signal increases first and then decreases, the sliding direction can be determined to be from the first sliding area 151 to the second sliding area 152; if the peak intensity decreases first and then increases, the sliding direction can be determined to be from the second sliding area 152 to the first sliding area 151.

[0071] Figure 2H shows a graph of friction signal results according to some embodiments of this specification. The left-hand friction signal in Figure 2H represents the friction signal generated by first sliding region 151 (with a slit), while the right-hand friction signal represents the friction signal generated by second sliding region 152 (without a slit). As can be seen from the figure, the left-hand friction signal has a spike, while the right-hand friction signal does not.

[0072] In some embodiments, an array structure may be provided on the sliding area. When a finger slides over the array structure, the rebound and impact of the array structure itself can cause a spike or sudden jump in the friction signal generated by the sliding operation. The characteristics of the spike or sudden jump can thus be used to determine the sliding direction. Preferably, the array structure may be made of a flexible material. In some embodiments, the components of the array structure may include, but are not limited to, micropillars, grooves, etc. Figures 2I and 2J are schematic diagrams of the micropillar structures shown in some embodiments of this specification. As shown in Figures 2I and 2J, micropillars 300 may be arranged in an array on the sliding area. When a finger slides over the micropillars 300, the rebound and impact of the micropillars 300 themselves can cause a spike or sudden jump in the friction signal generated by the sliding operation. In some embodiments, the micropillars 300 may be arranged vertically (as shown in Figure 2I) or tilted (as shown in Figure 2J). In some embodiments, different parameters of the micropillars 300 may result in different numbers and intensities of spikes or sudden jumps in the friction signal. In some embodiments, to ensure that the sliding direction can be determined based on the spikes or sudden jumps in the friction signal, the micropillars 300 may have a suitable parameter range. As an example, the diameter of micropillars 300 can be 0.5 mm to 2 mm, the gap between adjacent micropillars 300 can be 1 mm to 10 mm, and the height of micropillars 300 can be 0.5 mm to 5 mm. Figure 2K is a graph showing friction signal results according to some embodiments of this specification. The friction signal on the left in Figure 2K represents the friction signal generated by a sliding area with a micropillar array, while the friction signal on the right represents the friction signal generated by a sliding area without a micropillar array. As can be seen from the figure, the friction signal on the left has a sharp peak, while the friction signal on the right does not.

[0073] In some embodiments, the two sliding areas may also be subjected to material design, roughness design, and / or surface structure design so that the peak characteristics of the friction signal generated by the sliding operation have a more obvious difference. For more information on material design, roughness design, and / or surface structure design, please refer to the above description and will not be repeated here.

[0074] In some embodiments, the two sliding areas can be designed to generate discontinuous friction signals when a user's finger slides across the two sliding areas, thereby determining the sliding direction based on the discontinuity of the friction signals. In some embodiments, the two sliding areas can have different array structure designs, so that the first friction signal generated when a finger slides across the first sliding area 151 and the second friction signal generated when a finger slides across the second sliding area 152 are distinguishable. The distinguishability is manifested as a difference in the discontinuity characteristics of the first friction signal generated when the finger slides across the first sliding area 151 and the second friction signal generated when the finger slides across the second sliding area 152. In some embodiments, an array structure is provided on the sliding area, and when a finger slides across the array structure, the finger repeatedly contacts and separates from the array structure, thereby generating a distinct discontinuity characteristic in the friction signal (i.e., the friction signal is discontinuous), thereby determining the sliding direction based on the discontinuity of the friction signal. For example, a friction signal is generated when the finger contacts the array structure, and no friction signal is generated when the finger separates from the array structure. Repeated contact and separation with the array structure will result in a discontinuous friction signal. In some embodiments, the material of the array structure can be a hard material. In some embodiments, the constituent units of the array structure may include, but are not limited to, microcolumns (the structure and arrangement of the microcolumns may refer to Figures 2I and 2J, and their related descriptions), grooves, etc. Figure 2L is a result diagram of the friction signal shown in some embodiments of this specification. The friction signal on the right side of Figure 2L represents the friction signal generated by sliding on a sliding area provided with a hard microcolumn array, and the friction signal on the left side represents the friction signal generated by sliding on a sliding area without a hard microcolumn array. It can be seen from the figure that the friction signal on the right side is discontinuous and has discontinuity. The discontinuity here can be reflected in the fact that the time domain signal corresponding to the friction signal on the right side is discontinuous.

[0075] In some embodiments, the two sliding areas may also be subjected to material design, roughness design, and / or surface structure design so that the discontinuity of the friction signal generated by the sliding operation has a more obvious difference. For more information on material design, roughness design, and / or surface structure design, please refer to the above description and will not be repeated here.

[0076] The aforementioned design of the characteristics of the first and second sliding regions (e.g., material, roughness, surface structure, microstructure, slits, array structure, etc.) can be understood as increasing the difference between friction signals generated in different sliding directions at the level of friction signal generation. In some embodiments, the difference between friction signals can also be increased at other levels, such as the level of friction signal propagation or friction signal acquisition.

[0077] In some embodiments, the friction signal generated by the sliding operation is collected by a microphone. Therefore, the difference in friction signals can be further increased by adjusting the position of the microphone in the earphone 150. In some embodiments, the microphone (especially the air conduction microphone) can be positioned closer to one sub-sliding area and further away from another sub-sliding area. In this case, the intensity of the friction signals generated by different sliding directions collected by the microphone varies significantly in the time domain. For example, if the microphone is closer to the first sliding area 151 and further away from the second sliding area 152, when the user's finger slides from the first sliding area 151 to the second sliding area 152, the intensity of the friction signal collected by the microphone is initially large and then decreases. When the user's finger slides from the second sliding area 152 to the first sliding area 151, the intensity of the friction signal collected by the microphone is initially small and then increases. Therefore, by adjusting the position of the microphone relative to the first sliding area 151 and / or the second sliding area 152, the difference in the intensity of the friction signals generated by different sliding directions collected by the microphone can be increased in the time domain, thereby improving the accuracy of sliding direction recognition. In some embodiments, the ratio of the distances between the microphone and the two sub-sliding areas (for example, the ratio of the distance between the microphone and the second sliding area 152 to the distance between the microphone and the first sliding area 151) may be greater than or equal to 1. In some embodiments, to increase the temporal difference in the strength of the friction signals generated by different sliding directions received by the microphone, the ratio of the distances between the microphone and the two sub-sliding areas may be greater than or equal to 1.5. In some embodiments, to increase the temporal difference in the strength of the friction signals generated by different sliding directions received by the microphone, the ratio of the distances between the microphone and the two sub-sliding areas may be greater than or equal to 2. In some embodiments, to increase the temporal difference in the strength of the friction signals generated by different sliding directions received by the microphone, the ratio of the distances between the microphone and the two sub-sliding areas may be greater than or equal to 3. In some embodiments, to increase the temporal difference in the strength of the friction signals generated by different sliding directions received by the microphone, the ratio of the distances between the microphone and the two sub-sliding areas may be greater than or equal to 4. In some embodiments, to increase the temporal difference in the strength of the friction signals generated by different sliding directions received by the microphone, the ratio of the distances between the microphone and the two sub-sliding areas may be greater than or equal to 5. The distance between the microphone and the sub-sliding area may refer to the distance between the geometric center of the sound inlet hole of the air conduction microphone and the geometric center of the sub-sliding area.

[0078] In some embodiments, an acoustic material (e.g., a sound-absorbing material or a reinforcing material) can be arranged in the propagation path of the friction signal, so that the friction signal generated by the sliding operation on a sub-sliding area is enhanced or weakened at a specific frequency, thereby increasing the difference in the frequency distribution of the friction signals generated by different sliding directions, thereby improving the accuracy of identifying the sliding direction. For example, a sound-absorbing material (e.g., sound-absorbing cotton, acoustic gauze, etc.) can be arranged on the inner side surface of the first sliding area 151 (the side facing the interior of the sound-emitting portion). In this case, when the friction signal generated by sliding on the first sliding area 151 is transmitted to the microphone, the friction signal of a specific frequency is absorbed by the sound-absorbing material and weakened, thereby increasing the difference in the frequency distribution of the friction signals generated by different sliding directions. In some embodiments, an obstruction can also be formed in the propagation path of the friction signal, so that the friction signal generated by the sliding operation on a sub-sliding area is weakened at a specific frequency due to the obstruction, thereby increasing the difference in the frequency distribution of the friction signals generated by different sliding directions. For example, the microphone is positioned between the first sliding area 151 and the second sliding area 152. A baffle can be placed on the side of the microphone closest to the first sliding area 151. The baffle can block the friction signal generated by the sliding operation on the first sliding area 151 from being transmitted to the microphone, thereby weakening the friction signal generated by the sliding operation on the first sliding area 151 at a specific frequency, thereby increasing the difference in the frequency distribution of the friction signals generated by different sliding directions. In other embodiments, the housing structure of the earphone itself can also be used to provide shielding.

[0079] In some embodiments, given that the friction signal generated by a sliding operation is significantly affected by individual operational factors, the structure of the sliding area can be further optimized to achieve more significant differences in the acoustic characteristics of the friction signal generated by the sliding operation, thereby reducing the impact of individual operational factors on the friction signal and further improving the accuracy of sliding direction determination. As an example, when designing an array structure on the sliding area, the height of the micropillars in the array structure and the distance between different micropillars can be adjusted to further increase the degree of difference in the acoustic characteristics of the friction signal generated by the sliding operation.

[0080] It should be noted that the earphone 150 is only used as an example structure of a terminal device to describe the design of the sliding area. The design of the sliding area on other terminal devices can refer to the description of the sliding area on the earphone 150.

[0081] FIG8 is a flow chart illustrating a friction signal recognition process according to some embodiments of this specification. As shown in FIG8 , the friction signal recognition process 200 may include preprocessing 210, feature extraction 220, and pattern matching 230. Process 200 may be executed by processing circuitry in a headset (or other device).

[0082] Preprocessing 210 may refer to the process of pre-processing the friction signal. In some embodiments, preprocessing 210 may include collecting the friction signal. In some embodiments, a microphone may be used to collect the friction signal generated by the sliding operation. In some embodiments, the microphone collecting the friction signal may be an air conduction microphone or a bone conduction microphone. When sliding in the sliding area, an air conduction friction signal may be generated. When using an air conduction microphone to collect the friction signal, the air conduction microphone may be located in an area near the sliding area. When the terminal device is a headset, the headset's built-in speaker also outputs sound, and the signal output by the speaker may interfere with the friction signal generated by sliding. Therefore, positioning the air conduction microphone closer to the sliding area can reduce the impact of the headset output signal on the friction signal generated by the sliding operation. For example, with reference to the headset 150 in FIG2A , the air conduction microphone may be located in the sound-emitting portion 154 near the sliding area, with the opening of the air conduction microphone located on the outer surface (sliding area) of the movement housing. In some embodiments, when the microphone collects the friction signal generated by the sliding operation, it inevitably also collects the signal output by the speaker. In this case, before identifying the sliding operation, an algorithm can be used to eliminate the signal from the speaker to improve the accuracy of the friction signal collection. In some embodiments, a bone conduction friction signal can also be generated when sliding in the sliding area. When using a bone conduction microphone to collect bone conduction friction signals, the bone conduction microphone can be located anywhere in the terminal device, as long as it is securely connected to the sliding area. For example, the bone conduction microphone can be located anywhere within the sound-generating portion 154. When using the terminal device, the user can slide in the sliding area (ensuring that they can slide to both sliding areas), and the microphone can collect the friction signal generated by the user's sliding operation. Compared to an air conduction microphone, on the one hand, the location of the bone conduction microphone is almost unlimited (it can be located anywhere in the terminal device, as long as it is securely connected to the sliding area). On the other hand, the friction signal collected by the bone conduction microphone is not affected by the signal output by the speaker. Preferably, a bone conduction microphone can be used to collect the friction signal. In some embodiments, the microphone can be a microphone built into the terminal device itself. For example, the microphone in the headset that collects the wearer's voice can be used to collect the friction signal generated by the sliding operation. In some embodiments, the microphone can also be provided separately. The microphone in the headset that collects the wearer's voice and the microphone that collects the friction signal generated by the sliding operation are different microphones. For example, when the microphone for collecting the wearer's speaking voice is an air conduction microphone, a bone conduction microphone can be additionally set in the air conduction microphone or the earphone. The bone conduction microphone is used to collect the friction signal generated by the sliding operation, thereby ensuring that the collected friction signal generated by the sliding operation is not affected by the signal output by the speaker, thereby improving the accuracy of sliding direction recognition.

[0083] In some embodiments, pre-processing 210 may include correcting the collected friction signal, for example, pre-emphasizing some frequency components in the friction signal. For illustrative purposes, when a friction signal (such as a sound signal) propagates in a medium, the medium has different losses for friction signals of different frequencies. For example, in a solid medium, high-frequency friction signals are more easily propagated, which results in a greater loss of low-frequency friction signals. When a bone conduction microphone is used to collect the friction signal generated by the user's sliding operation, the low-frequency friction signal in the friction signal can be pre-emphasized to compensate for the low-frequency loss in the vibration transmission process. Specifically: the high-frequency friction signal in the collected friction signal can be filtered out using a transfer function, and then the remaining low-frequency friction signal can be enhanced, and finally the high-frequency friction signal and the enhanced low-frequency friction signal are merged to obtain a complete friction signal with low-frequency emphasis.

[0084] Feature extraction 220 refers to the process of extracting features from the collected friction signal. The features of the friction signal may include time domain features and frequency domain features. Time domain features may include the time when the friction signal peaks in the time domain and the regular variations in the peaks. Frequency domain features may include spectral parameters. Spectral parameters may include, but are not limited to, frequency component distribution, average frequency, root mean square frequency, frequency variance, frequency standard deviation, etc. In some embodiments, the friction signal extraction algorithm may include, but is not limited to, one or more of short-time Fourier transform, discrete cosine transform, discrete wavelet transform, mel spectrum, and mel cepstrum.

[0085] Pattern matching 230 refers to the process of comparing or matching the processed friction signal or the extracted friction signal features with the standard signal, thereby identifying the sliding direction. In some embodiments, the friction signal generated by the user's sliding operation (recorded as the friction signal to be identified) or its features can be compared with the standard signal to determine the overlap of the two friction signals in the time domain, thereby determining the sliding direction. When the overlap is higher than the overlap threshold (for example, 90%), it can be approximately considered that the two friction signals overlap, and the sliding direction corresponding to the signal to be identified is determined based on the sliding direction corresponding to the standard signal (that is, the sliding direction corresponding to the standard signal is consistent with the sliding direction corresponding to the signal to be identified).

[0086] It should be noted that the time-domain characteristics of the friction signal generated by a sliding operation are affected by sliding speed and / or sliding force. For example, a fast sliding speed corresponds to a short sliding friction signal; a slow sliding speed corresponds to a long sliding friction signal; a high sliding force corresponds to a louder sliding friction signal; and a low sliding force corresponds to a quieter sliding friction signal. In some embodiments, an algorithm can be used to reduce the impact of sliding speed and / or sliding force on the sliding friction signal, thereby improving the accuracy of the overlap determination.

[0087] In some embodiments, pattern matching 230 can be implemented through machine learning, that is, a machine learning model can be used to determine the sliding direction. For example, the frequency domain features of the friction signal to be identified can be input into a trained machine learning model, which can then output the sliding direction corresponding to the frequency domain features.

[0088] In some embodiments, multiple friction signals can be collected as friction signal samples for machine learning model training. In some embodiments, the duration of a single friction signal collected (friction signal generated by sliding operation) can be 0.5s to 2s, and the time interval between two samples is 0.2s to 1s, so as to ensure that the silent interval between samples is longer than the silent interval during the sampling process. In some embodiments, in order to ensure the consistency of friction signal samples and avoid information redundancy caused by too high sampling frequency or information loss caused by too low sampling frequency, multiple sampling frequencies can be set to resample the friction signal.

[0089] In some embodiments, the preprocessing of the friction signal samples may include friction signal segmentation. The friction signal samples may be segmented to facilitate the subsequent training of the machine learning model. In some embodiments, the friction signal samples may be segmented into individual segments according to the silence interval. For example, the friction signal samples may be identified using methods such as silence removal or sound detection to determine the silence segments and signal segments in the friction signal samples. The friction signal samples are segmented into friction signal segments of the same length using the center of the signal segment as the segmentation point. Furthermore, subsequent processing (such as pre-emphasis, feature extraction, etc.) may be performed on each friction signal segment.

[0090] In some embodiments, the preprocessing of the friction signal sample may include pre-emphasis. In some embodiments, when the friction signal propagates in a medium, the medium has different losses for friction signals of different frequencies. For example, in a solid medium, high-frequency friction signals are more easily propagated, which results in greater losses for low-frequency friction signals. When a bone conduction microphone is used to collect sample friction signals, the low-frequency friction signal in the sample friction signal can be pre-emphasized to compensate for the low-frequency loss during the vibration transmission process. In some embodiments, a transfer function can be used for filtering to achieve pre-emphasis of the low-frequency friction signal. Specifically: the high-frequency friction signal in the sample friction signal can be filtered out using a transfer function, and then the remaining low-frequency friction signal can be enhanced, and finally the high-frequency friction signal can be merged with the enhanced low-frequency friction signal to obtain a complete friction signal sample with low-frequency emphasis.

[0091] In some embodiments, feature extraction can be performed on the friction signal samples that have undergone the above processing, such as extracting frequency domain features. The extracted frequency domain features can be used to train parameters for training a machine learning model. In some embodiments, the input of the machine learning model can be the frequency domain features of the sample friction signal, and the output is the sliding direction corresponding to the frequency domain features (such as sliding in the first direction or sliding in the second direction), and the training label is the frequency domain feature with the sliding direction manually marked. Specifically, the labeled frequency domain features can be input into the initial machine learning model to obtain the output result of the initial machine learning model. The parameters of the initial machine learning model are updated through training until the trained intermediate machine learning model meets the preset conditions, and a trained machine learning model is obtained. The preset conditions can be that the loss function is less than a threshold, converges, or the training cycle reaches a threshold.

[0092] It should be noted that in other embodiments, the collected friction signal can be directly input into the machine learning model, which then outputs the sliding direction corresponding to the friction signal or an operation instruction corresponding to the sliding direction. In this manner, the training sample for the machine learning model is the collected friction signal, which can be directly used for model training without undergoing feature extraction (other preprocessing operations, such as friction signal segmentation and pre-emphasis, may be performed as needed).

[0093] In some embodiments, for different users, the friction signals generated by the user's sliding operations in different sliding directions can be pre-recorded, and the machine learning model can be further trained based on the friction signals collected from each user. It can be understood here that the terminal device has an initialized calibration training process, and the machine learning model is trained based on the friction signals generated by each user's sliding operation (for example, different sliding directions, sliding with the left hand / right hand, sliding with different fingers, etc.) to eliminate the differences in friction signals caused by the operating habits of different users, and further improve the accuracy of the machine learning model's judgment.

[0094] In some embodiments, given the varying stability of the terminal device in different states, such as when worn and not worn, the friction signal generated by a user sliding within the sliding area may also vary. For example, in the not worn state, the earphone 150 is relatively stable, and a user sliding within the sliding area will cause little movement of the earphone 150. In this case, the collected friction signal is relatively stable, with more distinct characteristics. In the worn state, a user sliding within the sliding area may cause the earphone 150 to shake (for example, when the user is wearing the earphone 150 in FIG. 2A , sliding from the second sliding area 152 to the first sliding area 151 may cause the earphone 150 to move outward from the ear), generating noise. In this case, the collected friction signal is more complex, making it more difficult to determine the sliding direction based on the characteristics of the friction signal. Based on this, different algorithms can be used to process and extract features from the friction signal based on the state of the earphone 150, thereby improving the accuracy of sliding direction determination. For example, when the earphone 150 is worn, the situation is more complex, so an algorithm with higher computing power can be used to process the friction signal to improve the accuracy of sliding direction determination. For another example, the situation when the earphone 150 is not worn is relatively simple, and a streamlined algorithm can be selected for processing to reduce the amount of calculation and improve the calculation speed.

[0095] While the basic concepts have been described above, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the detailed disclosure is merely illustrative and does not limit this specification. Although not explicitly stated herein, various modifications, improvements, and revisions to this specification may be made by those skilled in the art. Such modifications, improvements, and revisions are suggested in this specification and remain within the spirit and scope of the exemplary embodiments of this specification.

[0096] This specification also uses specific terms to describe the embodiments of this specification. For example, "one embodiment," "an embodiment," and / or "some embodiments" refer to a feature, structure, or characteristic associated with at least one embodiment of this specification. Therefore, it should be emphasized and noted that references to "one embodiment," "an embodiment," or "an alternative embodiment" two or more times in different locations in this specification do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. Furthermore, certain features, structures, or characteristics of one or more embodiments of this specification may be appropriately combined.

[0097] In addition, unless expressly stated in the claims, the order of the processing elements and sequences, the use of alphanumeric characters, or the use of other names described in this specification are not intended to limit the order of the processes and methods of this specification. Although the above disclosure discusses some of the invention embodiments currently considered useful through various examples, it should be understood that such details are for illustrative purposes only, and the appended claims are not limited to the disclosed embodiments. On the contrary, the claims are intended to cover all modifications and equivalent combinations that are consistent with the spirit and scope of the embodiments of this specification. For example, although the system components described above can be implemented by hardware devices, they can also be implemented only by software solutions, such as installing the described system on an existing server or mobile device.

[0098] Similarly, it should be noted that, in order to simplify the presentation of this specification and thus facilitate understanding of one or more embodiments of the invention, the foregoing descriptions of the embodiments of this specification sometimes combine multiple features into a single embodiment, figure, or description thereof. However, this disclosure method does not imply that the subject matter of this specification requires more features than those recited in the claims. In fact, an embodiment may have fewer features than all of the features of a single disclosed embodiment.

[0099] In some embodiments, numbers are used to describe the quantity of components and attributes. It should be understood that such numbers used in the description of the embodiments are modified by the modifiers "about", "approximately" or "substantially" in some examples. Unless otherwise stated, "about", "approximately" or "substantially" indicate that the numbers are allowed to vary by ±20%. Accordingly, in some embodiments, the numerical parameters used in the description and claims are approximate values, which may change according to the required characteristics of individual embodiments. In some embodiments, the numerical parameters should take into account the specified significant digits and adopt the general method of retaining digits. Although the numerical domains and parameters used to confirm the breadth of their range in some embodiments of this specification are approximate values, in specific embodiments, the settings of such numerical values ​​are as accurate as possible within the feasible range.

[0100] Each patent, patent application, patent application publication, and other materials, such as articles, books, specifications, publications, and documents, cited in this specification is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. This includes application history documents that are inconsistent with or conflict with the content of this specification, as well as documents (currently or subsequently attached to this specification) that limit the broadest scope of the claims of this specification. It should be noted that if the descriptions, definitions, and / or terminology used in the accompanying materials are inconsistent or conflicting with the content of this specification, the descriptions, definitions, and / or terminology used in this specification will control.

[0101] Finally, it should be understood that the embodiments described in this specification are intended only to illustrate the principles of the embodiments of this specification. Other variations may also fall within the scope of this specification. Therefore, by way of example and not limitation, alternative configurations of the embodiments of this specification may be considered consistent with the teachings of this specification. Accordingly, the embodiments of this specification are not limited to the embodiments explicitly described and illustrated in this specification.

Claims

1. A device for identifying touch operation using friction signals, characterized in that: At least part of the surface of the device includes a sliding area, and the sliding area includes at least a first sliding area and a second sliding area. The first sliding area and the second sliding area have different characteristics, and the characteristics are manifested in that a friction signal generated when a finger slides in the first sliding area and a friction signal generated when a finger slides in the second sliding area are distinguishable in a time domain or a frequency domain.

2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that The distinguishability is reflected in that the friction signal generated when the finger slides in the first sliding area and the friction signal generated when the finger slides in the second sliding area have a difference in amplitude.

3. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that The first sliding region and the second sliding region have different porosities.

4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that The distinguishability is reflected in that the friction signal generated when the finger slides in the first sliding area and the friction signal generated when the finger slides in the second sliding area have a difference in peak characteristics.

5. The device according to claim 4, characterized in that The spike characteristics include at least one of the number of spikes, the distribution of spike times, and the intensity of spikes.

6. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that The distinguishability is reflected in that the friction signal generated when the finger slides in the first sliding area and the friction signal generated when the finger slides in the second sliding area have a difference in discontinuous characteristics.

7. The device according to claim 6, characterized in that An array structure is provided on one of the first sliding area and the second sliding area, and the material of the array structure is a hard material.

8. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that The distinguishability is reflected in that the friction signal generated when the finger slides in the first sliding area and the friction signal generated when the finger slides in the second sliding area have a frequency difference.

9. The device according to claim 8, characterized in that The fundamental frequency of the friction signal generated when the finger slides in the first sliding area is different from that of the friction signal generated when the finger slides in the second sliding area.

10. The device according to claim 8, characterized in that The peak frequency of the friction signal generated when the finger slides in the first sliding area is different from that of the friction signal generated when the finger slides in the second sliding area.

11. The device according to claim 8, characterized in that The first sliding region and the second sliding region have different natural resonant frequencies.

12. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that The distinguishability is reflected in that the proportion of the friction signal within a specific frequency or a specific frequency range in the friction signal generated when the finger slides in the first sliding area and the friction signal generated when the finger slides in the second sliding area is different.

13. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that The first sliding region and the second sliding region having different properties include that the first sliding region and the second sliding region have different material properties, roughness properties or surface structure properties.

14. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that The device includes a processing circuit configured to identify a sliding direction of the finger according to a friction signal generated when the finger slides in the first sliding area and a friction signal generated when the finger slides in the second sliding area.

15. A device for identifying touch operation using friction signals, characterized in that: At least part of the surface of the device includes a sliding area, and the sliding area includes at least a first sliding area and a second sliding area. The first sliding area and the second sliding area have different characteristics, and the characteristics include material characteristics, roughness characteristics or surface structure characteristics.

16. The device according to claim 15, characterized in that The material property includes: there is a difference in elastic modulus or hardness between the materials on the first sliding area and the materials on the second sliding area.

17. The device according to claim 16, characterized in that A difference between the Shore hardness of the material of the first sliding region and the Shore hardness of the material of the second sliding region is in the range of 42HD to 86HD.

18. The device according to claim 15, characterized in that The roughness characteristic includes: particles with different parameters are arranged on the first sliding area and the second sliding area, and the parameters of the particles include particle shape, particle size, particle number or particle spacing.

19. The device according to claim 15, characterized in that The roughness characteristic includes: stripes with different parameters are arranged on the first sliding area and the second sliding area, and the parameters of the stripes include stripe width, stripe height or stripe spacing.

20. The device according to claim 15, characterized in that The surface structure design includes: providing differentiated surface structures on the first sliding area and the second sliding area, and the surface structure includes a plane structure or a gradient structure.

21. The device according to claim 20, characterized in that The differentiation of the gradient structure is manifested as a difference in slope or direction.

22. The device according to claim 15, characterized in that The first sliding region and the second sliding region have different porosities.

23. The device according to claim 15, characterized in that The first sliding region and the second sliding region have different natural resonant frequencies.

24. The device according to claim 23, characterized in that At least one of differentiated wave plates, strings, beams, membranes, and cavity structures is disposed on the first sliding area and the second sliding area.

25. The device according to claim 23, characterized in that A microstructure is disposed on one of the first sliding region and the second sliding region, and the microstructure includes a spring sheet.

26. The device according to claim 15, characterized in that An array structure is provided on one of the first sliding area and the second sliding area, and the material of the array structure is a flexible material.

27. The device according to claim 26, characterized in that The constituent units of the array structure include micro-pillars or grooves.

28. The device according to claim 15, characterized in that An array structure is provided on one of the first sliding area and the second sliding area, and the material of the array structure is a hard material.

29. The device according to claim 28, characterized in that The constituent units of the array structure include micro-pillars or grooves.

30. The device according to claims 15 to 29, characterized in that The characteristic is that the friction signal generated when the finger slides in the first sliding area and the friction signal generated when the finger slides in the second sliding area are distinguishable in at least one of amplitude, peak characteristics, discontinuity characteristics and frequency domain.

31. The device according to claim 15, characterized in that The device includes a processing circuit configured to identify a sliding direction of the finger according to a friction signal generated when the finger slides in the first sliding area and a friction signal generated when the finger slides in the second sliding area.

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