Selective laser melting forming device for nano-particle reinforced gradient material and operation method of selective laser melting forming device

Abstract

The invention discloses a selective laser melting forming device for a nano-particle reinforced gradient material and an operation method. The selective laser melting forming device comprises a printing platform, a feeding device, a stored powder circulating screening device and an overflowed powder recycling screening device are arranged on the printing platform, a first suction bin, a second suction bin, a third suction bin and a fourth suction bin are arranged on one side of the printing platform, the top of the first suction bin is connected with a first air pump through a first suction pipe, and the top of the fourth suction bin is connected with a second air pump through a second suction pipe. The second suction bin is connected with a second air pump through a second suction pipe, and a waste bin is arranged on one side of the fourth suction bin. The method comprises the following steps: extracting gradient layer height and particle ratio characteristics; gradient layer particles needed by a powder storage chamber are prepared, the powder storage chamber is scraped to be flat, and the nano particles and the metal powder are screened, recycled and circulated; after the gradient layer is printed layer by layer, the steps are cycled; and finally, a mixture of the nano particles, the metal powder and the waste powder is screened and recycled. According to the device and the method, the automation of recycling the residual waste powder of the nano particles and the metal powder is ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of additive manufacturing, and in particular to a laser selective melting molding device for nanoparticle-reinforced gradient materials and an operating method thereof. Background Art

[0002] As the manufacturing industry accelerates toward higher-end, more sophisticated manufacturing, laser selective melting (SLM) technology has become a key enabler for additive manufacturing. However, high-end industries like aerospace, medical, and electronics are placing increasingly stringent demands on component manufacturing, demanding not only complex and precise geometries but also extremely high standards for mechanical properties and reliability. Traditional alloys commonly used in SLM struggle to withstand the challenges posed by these extremely harsh environments.

[0003] By introducing appropriate nanoparticle reinforcements and implementing gradient structural designs, the strength, hardness, and stability of materials can be enhanced through their unique size and surface effects. These techniques have been widely applied in other additive manufacturing technologies. The single powder feeder used in conventional laser selective melting (SLM) equipment can meet the molding requirements of conventional metal components, but the limitation of a single-component powder feeding mode makes it difficult to print composite materials. Powder replenishment in conventional SLM equipment has long relied on manual operation. Due to the complex material system and varying material ratios of nanoparticle-reinforced gradient materials, gradient control through manual powder feeding or pre-mixing is nearly impossible. Furthermore, when powder utilization is low in printed parts, the subsequent recycling process is highly manual, requiring sequential steps such as drying and screening. Due to the unique requirements of nanoparticle-reinforced gradient materials, the powder storage, print, and overflow chambers of SLM equipment have complex particle size compositions and powder ratios. The lengthy operational process significantly limits powder recycling and turnover efficiency, making it difficult to meet the mass production requirements of modern manufacturing.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need to invent a laser selective melting forming device and an operating method for nanoparticle-enhanced gradient materials to meet the requirements of the laser selective melting additive manufacturing process for complex parts and realize the powder supply and automatic recycling of nanoparticle-enhanced gradient materials. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In response to the problems in the related art, the present invention proposes a laser selective melting molding device for nanoparticle-enhanced gradient materials and an operating method thereof to overcome the above-mentioned technical problems existing in the existing related art. The purpose of the present invention is to solve the defects of the existing laser selective melting molding device in terms of the mismatch between manufacturing technology and specialized requirements and the high dependence of recycling cycles on manual labor, so as to achieve accurate measurement and mixing of different particles, realize the printing of nano-enhanced gradient materials, and realize the automated fine screening and recycling and reuse of unprinted powder and residual powder after printing. The use of nanoparticle printing technology can better meet the actual industrial production needs.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a laser selective melting forming device for nanoparticle-reinforced gradient materials, comprising a printing platform, on which a feeding device, a powder storage circulation screening device and an overflow powder recovery screening device are respectively provided, and one side of the printing platform is respectively provided with a suction bin 1, a suction bin 2, a suction bin 3 and a suction bin 4, the suction bin 1 is connected to the suction bin 4 through a connecting pipe 1, the suction bin 2 is connected to the suction bin 3 through a connecting pipe 2, the top of the suction bin 1 is connected to an air pump 1 through a suction pipe 1, the suction bin 2 is connected to an air pump 2 through a suction pipe 2, the air pump 1 is connected to the feeding device through a feeding pipe 1, the air pump 2 is connected to the feeding device through a feeding pipe 2, and a waste bin is provided on one side of the suction bin 4.

[0007] Preferably, the feeding device includes a feeding mechanism and a mixing mechanism, the feeding mechanism includes motor 1 and motor 2, the motor 1 is connected to the rotating shaft 1 through the coupling 1, the motor 2 is connected to the rotating shaft 2 through the coupling 2, a feeding tank 1 is provided at the bottom of the rotating shaft 1, a feeding turntable 1 is provided at the bottom of the feeding tank 1, one end of the bottom of the rotating shaft 1 passes through the feeding tank 1 and extends to the bottom of the feeding tank 1, and the end is fixedly connected to the feeding turntable 1, the feeding tank 1 is movably connected to the rotating shaft 1 and the feeding turntable 1 respectively, the feeding tank 2 is provided at the bottom of the rotating shaft 2, and the feeding turntable 2 is provided at the bottom of the feeding tank 2. The bottom end of the rotating shaft 2 passes through the feeding tank 2 and extends to the bottom of the feeding tank 2, and the end is fixedly connected to the feeding turntable 2, and the feeding tank 2 is movably connected to the rotating shaft 2 and the feeding turntable 2 respectively; the mixing mechanism includes a motor 3 and a mixing chamber, and the motor 3 is arranged on the mixing chamber, and the motor 3 is connected to the rotating shaft 3 and the discharging turntable 3 through the coupling 3, and the feeding turntable 1 and the feeding turntable 2 are respectively arranged on both sides of the top of the mixing chamber, and the bottom end of the rotating shaft 3 passes through the mixing chamber and extends to the bottom of the mixing chamber, and the end is fixedly connected to the discharging turntable 3, and the mixing chamber is movably connected to the rotating shaft 3 and the discharging turntable 3 respectively.

[0008] Preferably, the printing platform includes a powder storage chamber, a printing chamber, an overflow powder chamber, an electric telescopic discharge plate 1, an electric telescopic discharge plate 2, an auxiliary lifting rod, a main lifting rod, a bidirectional scraper, a recovery chamber and an electric telescopic discharge plate 3. The powder storage chamber and the overflow powder chamber are respectively located on both sides of the printing chamber. The electric telescopic discharge plate 2 is arranged at the bottom of the overflow powder chamber, the main lifting rod is arranged at the bottom of the printing chamber, the electric telescopic discharge plate 1 is arranged at the bottom of the powder storage chamber, four auxiliary lifting rods are provided, and are respectively located around the bottom of the electric telescopic discharge plate 1, the recovery chamber is arranged on the left side of the powder storage chamber, the bidirectional scraper is arranged above the powder storage chamber, and the electric telescopic discharge plate 3 is arranged at the bottom of the recovery chamber.

[0009] Preferably, the powder storage circulation screening device includes a material receiving funnel and a caliber converter. The material receiving funnel is arranged on the top of the caliber converter. The bottom of the caliber converter is sequentially provided with a material box 1 and a material box 2. The material box 1 and the material box 2 are connected through a grid. The material box 1 is connected to a suction bin 1 through a drop pipe 1. The material box 2 is connected to a suction bin 2 through a drop pipe 2. An electric butterfly valve 2 is provided on the drop pipe 1. An electric butterfly valve 1 is provided on the drop pipe 2. A vibrating base 1 is provided at the bottom of the material box 2.

[0010] Preferably, the overflow powder recovery and screening device includes a material receiving funnel 2 and a caliber converter 2, the material receiving funnel 2 is arranged on the top of the caliber converter 2, and the bottom of the caliber converter 2 is sequentially provided with material box 3, material box 4 and material box 5, the material box 3 and material box 4 are connected through a grid 2, the material box 4 and material box 5 are connected through a grid 3, the material box 3 is connected to the waste bin through a drop pipe 3, the drop pipe 3 is provided with an electric butterfly valve 3, the material box 4 is connected to the suction bin 4 through a drop pipe 4, the drop pipe 4 is provided with an electric butterfly valve 4, the material box 5 is connected to the suction bin 3 through a drop pipe 5, the drop pipe 5 is provided with an electric butterfly valve 5, and the bottom of the material box 5 is provided with a vibration base 2.

[0011] To achieve the above object, the present invention further provides the following technical solutions:

[0012] A method for operating a laser selective melting forming device for nanoparticle-reinforced gradient materials comprises the following steps:

[0013] Step S1, extracting data features of gradient layer height and particle ratio: using 3D modeling software to model the part to be formed, and using slicing software to slice the part modeled in step S1, determining the required height h of the nanoparticle-enhanced gradient layer and the particle ratio of the gradient layer, and introducing the nanoparticle-enhanced gradient material into the laser selective melting molding device;

[0014] Step S2, preparing the gradient layer metal powder and nanoparticles required by the powder storage chamber: debugging and cleaning the laser selective melting molding device of the nanoparticle-reinforced gradient material, preparing the metal powder and nano-reinforced particles, and feeding the particles into the first and second feeding tanks respectively;

[0015] Step S3, setting the lifting height of the powder storage chamber: by analyzing the required height h of the nanoparticle-enhanced gradient layer in step S1, the second electrically-operated retractable discharge plate at the bottom of the powder storage chamber is driven by the auxiliary lifting rod to descend to a height h;

[0016] Step S4, demand particle feeding and paving processing: based on the descending height of the powder storage chamber obtained in step S3, by starting motor 1, drive the rotating shaft 1 connected by the coupling 1 to rotate, the rotating shaft 1 is connected to the feeding turntable 1 on the feeding tank 1, so that the rotating shaft 1 drives the connected feeding turntable 1 to rotate when rotating, and the feeding quality in the feeding tank 1 is achieved by adjusting the speed, and the starting motor 2 drives the rotating shaft 2 connected by the coupling 2 to rotate, the rotating shaft 2 is connected to the feeding turntable 2 on the feeding tank 2, so that the rotating shaft 2 drives the connected feeding turntable 2 to rotate when rotating, and the feeding quality in the feeding tank 2 is achieved by adjusting the speed, the measured particles are sent to the mixing chamber for sufficient stirring, and then sent to the powder storage chamber, and the powder is flattened with a two-way scraper, and the remaining powder falls into the recovery chamber;

[0017] Step S5, screening and recycling the residual powder in the recycling chamber: the particles in the recycling chamber first enter the material box one through the receiving funnel one, the grid one can screen the particles, the particles in the material box one enter the suction bin one through the dropping pipe one, and the particles in the material box two enter the suction bin two through the dropping pipe two. The vibrating base acts together to vibrate and speed up the screening efficiency. After the particles are screened, the electric butterfly valve two and the electric butterfly valve one are closed to form a closed environment in the pipeline. The air pump one is started to transport the particles in the suction bin one to the feeding tank one, and the particles in the suction bin two can be transported to the feeding tank two through the air pump two.

[0018] Step S6: Print the current gradient layer layer by layer: Use a bidirectional scraper to lay a set amount of powder on the forming substrate in the printing chamber, control the laser to quickly melt and solidify the powder bed, and after a solid layer is formed, control the forming substrate to descend by one build layer height, and then lay another layer of powder. Use the bidirectional scraper to scrape off the excess powder and let it fall into the powder overflow chamber; re-scan the laser, and repeat the above steps until the gradient layer is completed;

[0019] Step S7, looping S3-S6 to print different gradient layers: repeating S3-S6 until printing is completed to obtain a molded part;

[0020] Step S8, screening and recycling the powder mixture after printing: use a bidirectional scraper to scrape the remaining powder in the printing chamber to the powder overflow chamber, and the electric telescopic discharge plate 2 at the bottom of the powder overflow chamber is extended and retracted to enable the particles in the powder overflow chamber to enter the material box 3 through the receiving funnel 2. The grid 2 and the grid 3 can screen the particles respectively. The particles in the material box 3 enter the waste bin through the drop pipe 3, the particles in the material box 4 enter the suction bin 4 through the drop pipe 4, and the particles in the material box 5 enter the suction bin 3 through the drop pipe 5. The vibration base 2 plays a vibrating role to speed up the screening efficiency. Since the suction bin 3 is connected to the suction bin 2 through the connecting pipe 2, and the suction bin 1 is connected to the suction bin 4 through the connecting pipe 1, recycling and reuse are achieved.

[0021] Preferably, the parameters of the powder to be filled in the powder storage chamber and the motor speed are determined. First, the volume of powder to be filled V is obtained based on the height h of the powder storage chamber and the upper surface area s of the bottom of the powder storage chamber. The calculation formula refers to formula (1). Then, the mass m1 of the metal powder and the mass m2 of the nano-enhanced particles are obtained based on the ratio β of the nano-enhanced particles and the metal powder and the density ρ1 of the metal powder and the density ρ2 of the nano-enhanced particles. The calculation formula refers to formulas (2) (3). Then, the turntable speeds n1 and n2 are calculated based on the mass x of the powder per turn and the preset powder delivery completion time t. The calculation formula refers to formulas (4) (5).

[0022] V1=s*h (1);

[0023] V1=m1 / ρ1+m2 / ρ2 (2);

[0024] m2=m1*β (3);

[0025] n1=m1 / x / t (4);

[0026] n2=m2 / x / t (5).

[0027] Preferably, the actual powder feeding parameter of the feeding device is obtained by the powder volume V1 to be filled and the redundancy coefficient k, and the actual powder feeding volume V2 is calculated by referring to formula (6):

[0028] V2=(k+1)*V1 (6).

[0029] Preferably, in step S4, the upper surface area s of the bottom of the powder storage chamber is equal to the upper surface area s of the bottom of the printing chamber, the particles of the powder feeding device are nanoparticle reinforced powder, and the nanoparticle reinforced powder is one or more of WC, TiC, and Al2O3, the particle size range is 10-100nm, and the particle size range of the metal-based particles is 0-15μm.

[0030] Preferably, in step S6, the laser selective melting process parameters are: laser wavelength is 1.07 μm, output power is 100-300 W, the protective gas used is argon, the flow rate is 5-20 L / min, the scanning speed is 2-7 m / s, and the single layer thickness is 0.02-0.1 mm.

[0031] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0032] (1) The present invention provides a laser selective melting molding device for nanoparticle-enhanced gradient materials and its operating method, which effectively overcomes the printing difficulties of single materials and single particle ratios. By means of a programmable gradient feeding device, the nano-enhanced phase content is controlled in real time with high-precision dual-path independent discharge ports, and gradient powder laying with different particle composition ratios is achieved during the printing process, completing the printing of nano-enhanced gradient materials, achieving flexible adjustment of material performance distribution, and improving the service performance of components in complex environments.

[0033] (2) The present invention provides a laser selective melting molding device for nanoparticle-enhanced gradient materials and an operating method thereof. To realize the automation of the powder mixing and circulation process of the nanoparticle-enhanced materials, unused particles in the powder storage chamber of the printing platform are automatically sucked in by the powder storage circulation screening device, and after being screened for different particle sizes, they are immediately returned to the feeding device through a closed pipeline, forming a fully closed-loop automated process. This process greatly reduces manual intervention, reduces operational complexity and error probability, and significantly improves production efficiency and process stability.

[0034] (3) The present invention is a laser selective melting molding device for nanoparticle-enhanced gradient materials and its operating method. After printing is completed, excess powder is collected and put into the overflow powder recovery and screening device, waste materials and reusable particles are screened with high precision, and the recycled powder is fed back into the feeding device to implement high-utilization recycling and reuse. Technological innovation drives the recycling of materials. This process can not only significantly reduce raw material consumption and production costs, but also inject sustainable development momentum into laser selective melting technology by relying on the efficient circulation of powder resources. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0035] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention as a whole;

[0036] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of the feeding device of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of the printing platform of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 4 This is a schematic structural diagram of the powder storage and circulating screening device of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 5This is a schematic structural diagram of the overflow powder recovery and screening device of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the gradient of the molded part of the present invention. Description of the drawings:

[0042] 1. Feeding device; 101. Motor 1; 102. Coupling 1; 103. Rotating shaft 1; 104. Feeding tank 1; 105. Feeding turntable 1; 106. Discharging turntable 3; 107. Mixing chamber; 108. Rotating shaft 3; 109. Coupling 3; 110. Feeding turntable 2; 111. Motor 3; 112. Feeding tank 2; 113. Rotating shaft 2; 114. Coupling 2; 115. Motor 2; 2. Printing platform; 201. Powder storage chamber; 202, electric telescopic discharge plate 1; 203, auxiliary lifting rod; 204, main lifting rod; 205, electric telescopic discharge plate 2; 206, overflow powder chamber; 207, printing chamber; 208, two-way scraper; 209, recovery chamber; 210, electric telescopic discharge plate 3; 3, powder storage circulation screening device; 301, collecting funnel 1; 302, caliber converter 1; 303, material box 1; 304, grid 1; 305, vibration bottom Seat 1; 306, drop pipe 2; 307, electric butterfly valve 1; 308, drop pipe 1; 309, electric butterfly valve 2; 310, material box 2; 4, air pump 1; 5, air pump 2; 6, suction pipe 1; 7, suction pipe 2; 8, suction bin 1; 9, suction bin 2; 10, connecting pipe 1; 11, connecting pipe 2; 12, suction bin 3; 13, suction bin 4; 14, waste bin; 15, overflow powder recovery and screening device; 1501, collecting funnel 2; 1502, caliber converter 2; 1503, material box 3; 1504, grid 2; 1505, electric butterfly valve 4; 1506, electric butterfly valve 5; 1507, drop pipe 4; 1508, drop pipe 5; 1509, vibration base 2; 1510, material box 5; 1511, drop pipe 3; 1512, grid 3; 1513, electric butterfly valve 3; 1514, material box 4; 16, feeding pipe 2; 17, feeding pipe 1. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0043] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0044] Example 1

[0045] See also Figure 1-6The present invention proposes a technical solution of a laser selective melting molding device and an operating method for nanoparticle-reinforced gradient materials: a laser selective melting molding device for nanoparticle-reinforced gradient materials, comprising a printing platform 2, on which a feeding device 1, a powder storage circulation screening device 3 and an overflow powder recovery screening device 15 are respectively provided, and one side of the printing platform 2 is respectively provided with a suction bin 1 8, a suction bin 2 9, a suction bin 3 12 and a suction bin 4 13, the suction bin 1 8 is connected to the suction bin 4 13 through a connecting pipe 10, the suction bin 2 9 is connected to the suction bin 3 12 through a connecting pipe 2 11, the top of the suction bin 1 8 is connected to an air pump 1 4 through a suction pipe 1 6, the suction bin 2 9 is connected to an air pump 2 5 through a suction pipe 2 7, the air pump 1 4 is connected to the feeding device 1 through a feeding pipe 17, the air pump 2 5 is connected to the feeding device 1 through a feeding pipe 2 16, and a waste bin 14 is provided on one side of the suction bin 4 13.

[0046] In this embodiment, the feeding device 1 is fixed on the top left side of the printing platform 2, the powder storage circulation screening device 3 is fixed on the bottom left side of the printing platform 2, and the overflow powder recovery screening device 15 is fixed on the bottom right side of the printing platform 2; the particles in the suction bin 18 can be transported to the feeding tank 104 through the air pump 14, and the particles in the suction bin 29 can be transported to the feeding tank 2 112 through the air pump 25.

[0047] See also Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, further, the feeding device 1 includes a feeding mechanism and a mixing mechanism, the feeding mechanism includes a motor 101 and a motor 2 115, the motor 101 is connected to the rotating shaft 103 through the coupling 102, the motor 2 115 is connected to the rotating shaft 2 113 through the coupling 2 114, the bottom of the rotating shaft 103 is provided with a feeding tank 104, the bottom of the feeding tank 104 is provided with a feeding turntable 105, one end of the bottom of the rotating shaft 103 passes through the feeding tank 104 and extends to the bottom of the feeding tank 104, and the end is fixedly connected to the feeding turntable 105, the feeding tank 104 is movably connected to the rotating shaft 103 and the feeding turntable 105 respectively, the bottom of the rotating shaft 2 113 is provided with a feeding tank 2 112, the bottom of the feeding tank 2 112 is provided with a feeding turntable 2 110, the rotating shaft 2 The bottom end of 113 passes through the feeding tank 2 112 and extends to the bottom of the feeding tank 2 112, and the end is fixedly connected to the feeding turntable 2 110, and the feeding tank 2 112 is movably connected to the rotating shaft 2 113 and the feeding turntable 2 110 respectively; the mixing mechanism includes a motor 3 111 and a mixing chamber 107, the motor 3 111 is arranged on the mixing chamber 107, the motor 3 111 is connected to the rotating shaft 3 108 and the discharging turntable 3 106 through the coupling 3 109, the feeding turntable 105 and the feeding turntable 2 110 are respectively arranged on both sides of the top of the mixing chamber 107, the bottom end of the rotating shaft 3 108 passes through the mixing chamber 107 and extends to the bottom of the mixing chamber 107, and the end is fixedly connected to the discharging turntable 3 106, and the mixing chamber 107 is movably connected to the rotating shaft 3 108 and the discharging turntable 3 106 respectively.

[0048] In this embodiment, by starting the motor 101, the shaft 103 connected through the coupling 102 is driven to rotate, and the shaft 103 is connected to the feeding turntable 105 on the feeding tank 104, so that the shaft 103 drives the connected feeding turntable 105 to rotate when rotating, and the feeding ratio in the feeding tank 104 is achieved by adjusting the speed, and the motor 2 115 is started to drive the shaft 2 113 connected through the coupling 2 114 to rotate, and the shaft 2 113 is connected to the feeding tank 11 2 is connected to the feeding turntable 2 110 on the mixing chamber 107, so that the rotating shaft 2 113 drives the connected feeding turntable 2 110 to rotate when it rotates, and the feeding ratio in the feeding tank 2 112 is achieved by adjusting the speed; by starting the motor 3 111, the rotating shaft 3 108 connected by the coupling 3 109 is driven to rotate, and since the rotating shaft 3 108 is connected to the discharging turntable 3 106 on the mixing chamber 107, the rotating shaft 3 108 drives the discharging turntable 3 106 to rotate when it rotates, so as to achieve precise control of the discharge amount.

[0049] See also Figure 1 and Figure 3As shown, further, the printing platform 2 includes a powder storage chamber 201, a printing chamber 207, an overflow powder chamber 206, an electric telescopic discharge plate 1 202, an electric telescopic discharge plate 205, an auxiliary lifting rod 203, a main lifting rod 204, a bidirectional scraper 208, a recovery chamber 209 and an electric telescopic discharge plate 3 210. The powder storage chamber 201 and the overflow powder chamber 206 are respectively located on both sides of the printing chamber 207, the electric telescopic discharge plate 205 is arranged at the bottom of the overflow powder chamber 206, the main lifting rod 204 is arranged at the bottom of the printing chamber 207, the electric telescopic discharge plate 1 202 is arranged at the bottom of the powder storage chamber 201, four auxiliary lifting rods 203 are provided, and are respectively located around the bottom of the electric telescopic discharge plate 1 202, the recovery chamber 209 is arranged on the left side of the powder storage chamber 201, the bidirectional scraper 208 is arranged above the powder storage chamber 201, and the electric telescopic discharge plate 3 210 is arranged at the bottom of the recovery chamber 209.

[0050] In this embodiment, the auxiliary lifting rod 203 is provided to realize the electric telescopic discharge plate 1 202 to move up and down. The bottom center of the powder storage chamber 201 is connected to the funnel of the powder storage circulation screening device 3 through the electric telescopic discharge plate 1 202. The printing chamber 207 realizes the printing function through the main lifting rod 204. The electric telescopic discharge plate 205 is extended to realize the particles in the overflow powder chamber 206 falling into the overflow powder recovery screening device 15 below. The bidirectional scraper 208 (the bidirectional scraper 208 is provided on the slider module) , the motor drives the slider module to move in both directions, thereby realizing the movement of the bidirectional scraper 208 on the slider module. The slider module and the motor belong to the existing technology and are common knowledge, not shown in the figure) to flatten the surface of the powder storage chamber 201, and scrape the remaining powder into the recovery chamber 209. The electric telescopic discharge plate 3 210 moves the powder to fall into the powder storage circulation screening device 3. The bidirectional scraper 208 of the printing platform 2 can scrape from the powder storage chamber 201 to the recovery chamber 209, and can also scrape from the powder storage chamber 201 to the overflow powder chamber 206.

[0051] See also Figure 1 and Figure 4 As shown, further, the powder storage circulation screening device 3 includes a material receiving funnel 301 and a caliber converter 302. The material receiving funnel 301 is arranged on the top of the caliber converter 302, and the bottom of the caliber converter 302 is sequentially provided with a material box 1 303 and a material box 2 310. The material box 1 303 and the material box 2 310 are connected through a grid 1 304. The material box 1 303 is connected to the suction bin 1 8 through a drop pipe 1 308. The material box 2 310 is connected to the suction bin 2 9 through a drop pipe 2 306. The drop pipe 1 308 is provided with an electric butterfly valve 2 309. The drop pipe 2 306 is provided with an electric butterfly valve 1 307. The bottom of the material box 2 310 is provided with a vibration base 1 305.

[0052] In this embodiment, by setting the grid 1 304 between the material box 1 303 and the material box 2 310, gradient screening of particles of different sizes can be achieved; the vibration base 1 305 plays a vibration role to accelerate the screening efficiency; by adjusting the electric butterfly valve 2 309, the drop pipe 1 308 can be opened or closed, and by adjusting the electric butterfly valve 1 307, the drop pipe 2 306 can be opened or closed.

[0053] See also Figure 1 and Figure 5 As shown, further, the overflow powder recovery screening device 15 includes a material receiving funnel 2 1501 and a caliber converter 2 1502. The material receiving funnel 2 1501 is arranged on the top of the caliber converter 2 1502. The bottom of the caliber converter 2 1502 is sequentially provided with a material box 3 1503, a material box 4 1514 and a material box 5 1510. The material box 3 1503 and the material box 4 1514 are connected by the grid 2 1504, the material box 4 1514 and the material box 5 1510 are connected by the grid 3 1512, and the material box 3 1503 is connected to the waste bin 14 through the dropping pipe three 1511, and the dropping pipe three 1511 is provided with an electric butterfly valve three 1513. The material box four 1514 is connected to the suction bin four 13 through the dropping pipe four 1507, and the dropping pipe four 1507 is provided with an electric butterfly valve four 1505. The material box five 1510 is connected to the suction bin three 12 through the dropping pipe five 1508, and the dropping pipe five 1508 is provided with an electric butterfly valve five 1506. The bottom of the material box five 1510 is provided with a vibration base two 1509.

[0054] In this embodiment, the aperture of the second grid 1504 is larger than the aperture of the third grid 1512, which can realize gradient screening of printed waste and recyclable particles. By adjusting the electric butterfly valve three 1513, the drop pipe three 1511 can be opened or closed, by adjusting the electric butterfly valve four 1505, the drop pipe four 1507 can be opened or closed, and by adjusting the electric butterfly valve five 1506, the drop pipe five 1508 can be opened or closed; the vibration base two 1509 plays a vibration role, which not only speeds up the screening efficiency, but also prevents large pieces of powder from blocking the screening process on the grid two 1504.

[0055] Working principle:

[0056] The particles in the powder storage chamber 201 first enter the material box 1 303 through the receiving funnel 1 301, and the grid 1 304 can screen the particles. The particles in the material box 1 303 enter the suction bin 1 8 through the drop pipe 1 308, and the particles in the material box 2 310 enter the suction bin 2 9 through the drop pipe 2 306. The vibration base 1 305 plays a vibrating role to speed up the screening efficiency. After the particles are screened, the electric butterfly valve 2 309 and the electric butterfly valve 1 307 are closed to form a closed environment in the pipeline. The air pump 1 4 is started to transport the particles in the suction bin 1 8 to the feeding tank 104, and the particles in the suction bin 2 9 can be transported to the feeding tank 2 112 through the air pump 2 5.

[0057] By starting the motor 101, the shaft 103 connected through the coupling 102 is driven to rotate, and the shaft 103 is connected to the feeding turntable 105 on the feeding tank 104, so that the shaft 103 drives the connected feeding turntable 105 to rotate when it rotates, and the feeding ratio in the feeding tank 104 is achieved by adjusting the speed, and the motor 2 115 is started to drive the shaft 2 113 connected through the coupling 2 114 to rotate, and the shaft 2 113 is connected to the feeding turntable 105 on the feeding tank 112. The feeding turntable 2 110 is connected to realize that the rotating shaft 2 113 drives the connected feeding turntable 2 110 to rotate when it rotates, and the feeding ratio in the feeding tank 2 112 is achieved by adjusting the speed; by starting the motor 3 111, the rotating shaft 3 108 connected through the coupling 3 109 is driven to rotate. Since the rotating shaft 3 108 is connected to the discharging turntable 3 106 on the mixing chamber 107, the rotating shaft 3 108 drives the discharging turntable 3 106 to rotate when it rotates, thereby realizing precise control of the discharge amount;

[0058] The printing chamber 207 realizes the printing function through the main lifting rod 204, and the extension and contraction of the electric telescopic discharge plate 205 enables the particles in the overflow powder chamber 206 to enter the material box three 1503 through the material receiving funnel 2 1501. The grid 2 1504 and the grid 3 1512 can screen the particles respectively. The particles in the material box three 1503 enter the waste bin 14 through the drop pipe 3 1511, the particles in the material box four 1514 enter the suction bin four 13 through the drop pipe 4 1507, and the particles in the material box five 1510 enter the suction bin three 12 through the drop pipe five 1508. The vibration base 2 1509 plays a vibrating role to speed up the screening efficiency. Since the suction bin three 12 is connected to the suction bin two 9 through the connecting pipe 2 11, and the suction bin one 8 is connected to the suction bin four 13 through the connecting pipe 10, recycling and reuse are realized.

[0059] Example 2

[0060] Based on Example 1, the present invention also provides an operating method for a laser selective melting molding device for nanoparticle-enhanced gradient materials. For example, a three-layer gradient nanoparticle-enhanced gradient material part is printed. Figure 6 As shown, the following steps are included:

[0061] Step S1, extracting the gradient layer height and particle ratio data features: using 3D modeling software to model the part to be formed, using slicing software to slice the part modeling in step S1, and clarifying the characteristics of the nanoparticle-enhanced gradient layer. The reinforcing material is nano-TiC particles, the nominal particle size of the nano-TiC particles is 40nm, the particle size range is about 20-60nm, and the metal-based material AlSi 10 The Mg powder particle size range is approximately 20-65 μm. The part features a gradient material ratio β of the molded part set at 3wt%, 10wt%, and 15wt%, respectively, and the height of each layer is 50 mm, 50 mm, and 50 mm, respectively;

[0062] Step S2, prepare the gradient layer metal powder and nanoparticles required by the powder storage chamber 201: debug, clean and prepare the laser selective melting molding device of the nanoparticle enhanced gradient material AlSi 10 Mg powder and nano-TiC particles are fed into the feeding tank 104 and the feeding tank 2 112 respectively; wherein the metal-based material AlSi 10 The density ρ1 of Mg powder is 2.68 g / cm 3 The density of nano-TiC particles is ρ2, which is 4.93 g / cm 3 ;

[0063] Step S3, set the lifting height of the powder storage chamber 201: by analyzing the required height h of the nanoparticle enhanced gradient layer in step S1, the electric telescopic discharge plate 205 at the bottom of the powder storage chamber 201 is driven by the auxiliary lifting rod 203 to drop 50mm, where the bottom area of ​​the powder storage chamber 201 is 100*100mm 2 ;

[0064] Step S4, required particle feeding and paving process: based on the powder storage chamber 201 drop height of 50mm and bottom area of ​​10000mm obtained in step S3 2 The volume of powder storage chamber 201 required is 500000mm 3 , the redundancy coefficient k is 0.2, and the actual feeding volume is 600000mm 3 , calculate the required metal base material AlSi 10The mass m1 of Mg powder is 1583.47 g, and the mass m2 of the required nano-TiC particles is 48.97 g. The mass x of powder delivered per rotation is calculated to be 2 g / r. It is concluded that turntable 1 needs to complete 792 r / min and turntable 2 needs to complete 25 r / min. The powder delivery time is set to 1 min, and the speed n1 of turntable 1 is 792 r / min, and the speed n2 of turntable 2 is 25 r / min. The measured particles are sent to the mixing chamber 107 for sufficient stirring, and then sent to the powder storage chamber 201. The powder is flattened using a bidirectional scraper 208, and the remaining powder falls into the recovery chamber 209.

[0065] Calculation reference formula

[0066] V1=s*h (1)

[0067] V1=m1 / ρ1+m2 / ρ2 (2)

[0068] m2=m1*β (3)

[0069] n1=m1 / x / t (4)

[0070] n2=m2 / x / t (5)

[0071] V2=(k+1)*V1 (6);

[0072] Step S5, screening and recycling the remaining powder in the recycling chamber 209: the particles in the recycling chamber 209 first enter the material box 1 303 through the receiving funnel 1 301, the grid 1 304 can screen the particles, the particles in the material box 1 303 enter the suction bin 1 8 through the drop pipe 1 308, and the particles in the material box 2 310 enter the suction bin 2 9 through the drop pipe 2 306. The vibration base 1 305 plays a vibrating role to speed up the screening efficiency. After the particles are screened, close the electric butterfly valve 2 309 and the electric butterfly valve 1 307 to form a closed environment in the pipeline. Start the air pump 14 to transport the particles in the suction bin 1 8 to the feeding tank 104, and the particles in the suction bin 2 9 can be transported to the feeding tank 2 112 through the air pump 2 5.

[0073] Step S6: Print the current gradient layer layer by layer: Use the bidirectional scraper 208 to lay a set amount of powder onto the forming substrate in the printing chamber 207. Control the laser to quickly melt and solidify the powder bed. After a solid layer is formed, the forming substrate is controlled to descend by the height of the building layer. Then, another layer of powder is laid. Use the bidirectional scraper 208 to scrape off the excess powder and let it fall into the powder overflow chamber 206. Re-scan the laser and repeat the above steps until the gradient layer is completed.

[0074] Step S7, looping S3-S6 to print different gradient layers: repeating S3-S6 until printing is completed to obtain a molded part;

[0075] Step S8, sieving and recycling the powder mixture after printing: use the bidirectional scraper 208 to scrape the remaining powder in the printing chamber 207 to the overflow powder chamber 206, and the electric telescopic discharge plate 205 at the bottom of the overflow powder chamber 206 is extended and retracted to enable the particles in the overflow powder chamber 206 to enter the material box 3 1503 through the material receiving funnel 2 1501, and the grid 2 1504 and the grid 3 1512 can sieve the particles respectively, and the particles in the material box 3 1503 enter the waste bin 14 through the drop pipe 3 1511, and the material box 4 1 The particles in 514 enter the suction bin four 13 through the drop pipe four 1507, and the particles in the material box five 1510 enter the suction bin three 12 through the drop pipe five 1508. The vibration base two 1509 plays a vibrating role to accelerate the screening efficiency. Since the suction bin three 12 is connected to the suction bin two 9 through the connecting pipe two 11, and the suction bin one 8 is connected to the suction bin four 13 through the connecting pipe one 10, recycling and reuse are achieved. The aperture of the grid two 1504 is 65μm, and the aperture of the grid three 1512 is 60nm.

[0076] In this embodiment, the aperture of grid 1 304 is the upper limit of the nanoparticle size, the aperture of grid 2 1504 is the upper limit of the metal powder size, and the aperture of grid 3 1512 is the upper limit of the nanoparticle size.

[0077] The present invention effectively overcomes the printing difficulties of single material and single particle ratio. With the help of programmable gradient feeding device, the content of nano-enhanced phase is controlled in real time with high-precision dual-path independent discharge ports, and gradient powder spreading with different particle composition ratios is realized during the printing process to complete the printing of nano-enhanced gradient materials, so as to achieve flexible adjustment of material performance distribution and improve the service performance of parts in complex environments. In order to realize the automation of powder distribution and circulation process of nano-particle reinforced materials, the unused particles in the powder storage chamber of the printing platform are automatically sucked in by the powder storage circulation screening device, and after screening with different particle sizes, they are immediately returned to the Feeding device; forming a fully closed-loop automated process, this process greatly reduces manual intervention, reduces operational complexity and error probability, and significantly improves production efficiency and process stability; by collecting excess powder after printing and returning it to the overflow powder recovery and screening device, waste materials and reusable particles are screened with high precision, and the recycled powder is returned to the feeding device to implement high-utilization recycling and reuse, and drive the recycling of materials with technological innovation. This process can not only significantly reduce raw material consumption and production costs, but also inject sustainable development momentum into laser selective melting technology through the efficient circulation of powder resources.

[0078] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "coaxial", "bottom", "one end", "top", "middle", "the other end", "upper", "one side", "top", "inside", "front", "center", "both ends", etc., indicating the orientation or position relationship, are based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0079] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly stipulated and limited, the terms "install", "set", "connect", "fix", "screw" and the like should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integrated connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements. Unless otherwise clearly defined, ordinary technicians in this field can understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0080] While embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations may be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, and that the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A laser selective melting molding device for nanoparticle-reinforced gradient materials, characterized in that: The printing platform (2) comprises a feeding device (1), a powder storage circulation screening device (3) and an overflow powder recovery screening device (15), and one side of the printing platform (2) is respectively provided with a suction bin 1 (8), a suction bin 2 (9), a suction bin 3 (12) and a suction bin 4 (13). The suction bin 1 (8) is connected to the suction bin 4 (13) through a connecting pipe 1 (10), and the suction bin 2 (9) is connected to the suction bin 4 (13) through a connecting pipe 2 ( 11) is connected to the suction bin three (12), the top of the suction bin one (8) is connected to the air pump one (4) through the suction pipe one (6), the suction bin two (9) is connected to the air pump two (5) through the suction pipe two (7), the air pump one (4) is connected to the feeding device (1) through the feeding pipe one (17), the air pump two (5) is connected to the feeding device (1) through the feeding pipe two (16), and a waste bin (14) is provided on one side of the suction bin four (13).

2. The laser selective melting forming device for nanoparticle-reinforced gradient materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: The feeding device (1) includes a feeding mechanism and a mixing mechanism, the feeding mechanism includes a motor 1 (101) and a motor 2 (115), the motor 1 (101) is connected to a rotating shaft 1 (103) via a coupling 1 (102), the motor 2 (115) is connected to a rotating shaft 2 (113) via a coupling 2 (114), a feeding tank 1 (104) is provided at the bottom of the rotating shaft 1 (103), and a feeding turntable 1 (104) is provided at the bottom of the feeding tank 1 (104). 5), one end of the bottom of the rotating shaft 1 (103) passes through the feeding tank 1 (104) and extends to the bottom of the feeding tank 1 (104), and the end is fixedly connected to the feeding turntable 1 (105), the feeding tank 1 (104) is movably connected to the rotating shaft 1 (103) and the feeding turntable 1 (105), the bottom of the rotating shaft 2 (113) is provided with the feeding tank 2 (112), the bottom of the feeding tank 2 (112) is provided with the feeding turntable 2 (110), the rotating shaft 2 ( The bottom end of the mixing mechanism (113) passes through the feeding tank (112) and extends to the bottom of the feeding tank (112), and the end is fixedly connected to the feeding turntable (110). The feeding tank (112) is movably connected to the rotating shaft (113) and the feeding turntable (110). The mixing mechanism includes a motor (111) and a mixing chamber (107). The motor (111) is arranged on the mixing chamber (107). The motor (111) is connected to the mixing chamber (107) through the coupling (109). ) is connected with a rotating shaft three (108) and a discharging turntable three (106), the feeding turntable one (105) and the feeding turntable two (110) are respectively arranged on both sides of the top of the mixing chamber (107), one end of the bottom of the rotating shaft three (108) passes through the mixing chamber (107) and extends to the bottom of the mixing chamber (107), and the end is fixedly connected to the discharging turntable three (106), and the mixing chamber (107) is movably connected to the rotating shaft three (108) and the discharging turntable three (106).

3. The laser selective melting forming device for nanoparticle-reinforced gradient materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: The printing platform (2) comprises a powder storage chamber (201), a printing chamber (207), a powder overflow chamber (206), an electric telescopic discharge plate 1 (202), an electric telescopic discharge plate 2 (205), an auxiliary lifting rod (203), a main lifting rod (204), a bidirectional scraper (208), a recovery chamber (209) and an electric telescopic discharge plate 3 (210), wherein the powder storage chamber (201) and the powder overflow chamber (206) are respectively located on both sides of the printing chamber (207), and the electric telescopic discharge plate 2 (205) is arranged on the side of the powder overflow chamber (206). ), the main lifting rod (204) is arranged at the bottom of the printing chamber (207), the electric telescopic discharge plate 1 (202) is arranged at the bottom of the powder storage chamber (201), four auxiliary lifting rods (203) are provided, and are respectively located around the bottom of the electric telescopic discharge plate 1 (202), the recovery chamber (209) is arranged on the left side of the powder storage chamber (201), the bidirectional scraper (208) is arranged above the powder storage chamber (201), and the electric telescopic discharge plate 3 (210) is arranged at the bottom of the recovery chamber (209).

4. The laser selective melting forming device for nanoparticle-reinforced gradient materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: The powder storage circulation screening device (3) includes a material receiving funnel (301) and a caliber converter (302). The material receiving funnel (301) is arranged on the top of the caliber converter (302). The bottom of the caliber converter (302) is provided with a material box (303) and a material box (310) in sequence. The material box (303) and the material box (310) are connected through a grid (304). The material box (303) is connected to the suction bin (8) through a drop pipe (308). The material box (310) is connected to the suction bin (9) through a drop pipe (306). The drop pipe (308) is provided with an electric butterfly valve (309). The drop pipe (306) is provided with an electric butterfly valve (307). The bottom of the material box (310) is provided with a vibration base (305).

5. The laser selective melting forming device for nanoparticle-reinforced gradient materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: The overflow powder recovery screening device (15) includes a second receiving funnel (1501) and a second caliber converter (1502). The second receiving funnel (1501) is arranged on the top of the second caliber converter (1502). The bottom of the second caliber converter (1502) is sequentially provided with a third material box (1503), a fourth material box (1514) and a fifth material box (1510). The third material box (1503) and the fourth material box (1514) are connected by a second grid (1504). The fourth material box (1514) and the fifth material box (1510) are connected by a third grid (1512). The third material box (1503) and the fourth material box (1514) are connected by a third grid (1512). It is connected to the waste bin (14) through the drop pipe three (1511), and the drop pipe three (1511) is provided with an electric butterfly valve three (1513). The material box four (1514) is connected to the suction bin four (13) through the drop pipe four (1507), and the drop pipe four (1507) is provided with an electric butterfly valve four (1505). The material box five (1510) is connected to the suction bin three (12) through the drop pipe five (1508), and the drop pipe five (1508) is provided with an electric butterfly valve five (1506). The bottom of the material box five (1510) is provided with a vibration base two (1509).

6. An operating method for a laser selective melting forming device for nanoparticle-reinforced gradient materials according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step S1, extracting data features of gradient layer height and particle ratio: using 3D modeling software to model the part to be formed, and using slicing software to slice the part modeled in step S1, determining the required height h of the nanoparticle-enhanced gradient layer and the particle ratio of the gradient layer, and introducing the nanoparticle-enhanced gradient material into the laser selective melting molding device; Step S2, preparing the gradient layer metal powder and nanoparticles required by the powder storage chamber (201): debugging, cleaning and preparing the metal powder and nano-enhanced particles of the laser selective melting forming device of the nanoparticle enhanced gradient material, and feeding the particles into the feeding tank 1 (104) and the feeding tank 2 (112) respectively; Step S3, setting the lifting height of the powder storage chamber (201): by analyzing the required height h of the nanoparticle enhanced gradient layer in step S1, the second electric telescopic discharge plate (205) at the bottom of the powder storage chamber (201) is driven by the auxiliary lifting rod (203) to descend to a height h; Step S4, required particle feeding and paving processing: based on the descending height of the powder storage chamber (201) obtained in step S3, by starting the motor 1 (101), the rotating shaft 1 (103) connected through the coupling 1 (102) is driven to rotate, the rotating shaft 1 (103) is connected to the feeding turntable 1 (105) on the feeding tank 1 (104), so that the rotating shaft 1 (103) drives the connected feeding turntable 1 (105) to rotate when rotating, and the feeding quality in the feeding tank 1 (104) is achieved by adjusting the speed, and starting the motor 2 (115). The second rotating shaft (113) connected by the second coupling (114) is driven to rotate, and the second rotating shaft (113) is connected to the second feeding turntable (110) on the second feeding tank (112), so that the second rotating shaft (113) drives the second feeding turntable (110) connected thereto to rotate when rotating, and the feeding quality in the second feeding tank (112) is achieved by adjusting the rotation speed, and the measured particles are sent to the mixing chamber (107) for sufficient stirring, and then sent to the powder storage chamber (201), and the powder is flattened by using a bidirectional scraper (208), and the remaining powder falls into the recovery chamber (209); Step S5, screening and recycling the residual powder in the recycling chamber (209): the particles in the recycling chamber (209) first enter the material box one (303) through the receiving funnel one (301), the grid one (304) can screen the particles, the particles in the material box one (303) enter the suction bin one (8) through the drop pipe one (30) 8, the particles in the material box two (310) enter the suction bin two (9) through the drop pipe two (306), the vibration base one (305) plays a role of vibration, and speeds up the screening efficiency. After the particles are screened, close the electric butterfly valve two (309), close the electric butterfly valve one (307), so that the pipeline forms a closed environment, start the air pump one (4) to transport the particles in the suction bin one (8) to the feeding tank one (104), and through the air pump two (5), the particles in the suction bin two (9) can be transported to the feeding tank two (112); Step S6, printing the current gradient layer layer by layer: using a bidirectional scraper (208) to lay a set amount of powder on the forming substrate of the printing chamber (207), controlling the laser to quickly melt and solidify the powder bed, and after a layer of solid is formed, controlling the forming substrate to drop one building layer height, and then laying another layer of powder, using the bidirectional scraper (208) to scrape off the excess powder and let it fall into the powder overflow chamber (206); re-laser scanning, repeating the above steps until the gradient layer is completed; Step S7, looping S3-S6 to print different gradient layers: repeating S3-S6 until printing is completed to obtain a molded part; Step S8, sieving and recycling the powder mixture after printing: using a bidirectional scraper (208) to scrape the remaining powder in the printing chamber (207) to the overflow powder chamber (206), the electric telescopic discharge plate 2 (205) at the bottom of the overflow powder chamber (206) is extended and retracted to enable the particles in the overflow powder chamber (206) to enter the material box 3 (1503) through the receiving funnel 2 (1501), the grid 2 (1504) and the grid 3 (1512) can screen the particles respectively, and the particles in the material box 3 (1503) are discharged through the discharge pipe 3 (1511). After entering the waste bin (14), the particles in the material box four (1514) enter the material suction bin four (13) through the drop pipe four (1507), and the particles in the material box five (1510) enter the material suction bin three (12) through the drop pipe five (1508). The vibration base two (1509) plays a role of vibration, which speeds up the screening efficiency. Since the material suction bin three (12) is connected to the material suction bin two (9) through the connecting pipe two (11), and the material suction bin one (8) is connected to the material suction bin four (13) through the connecting pipe one (10), recycling and reuse are achieved.

7. The method for operating the selective laser melting device for forming nanoparticle-reinforced gradient materials according to claim 6, characterized in that: The parameters of the powder to be filled in the powder storage chamber (201) and the motor speed are determined. First, the volume of powder to be filled V1 is obtained based on the height h of the powder storage chamber (201) and the upper surface area s of the bottom of the powder storage chamber (201). The calculation formula is referred to formula (1). Then, the mass m1 of the metal powder and the mass m2 of the nano-enhanced particles are obtained based on the ratio β of the nano-enhanced particles and the metal powder and the density ρ1 of the metal powder and the density ρ2 of the nano-enhanced particles. The calculation formula is referred to formulas (2) (3). Then, the turntable speeds n1 and n2 are calculated based on the mass x of the powder per turn and the preset powder delivery completion time t. The calculation formula is referred to formulas (4) (5). V1=s*h (1); V1=m1 / ρ1+m2 / ρ2 (2); m2=m1*β (3); n1=m1 / x / t (4); n2=m2 / x / t (5).

8. The method for operating the laser selective melting device for forming nanoparticle-reinforced gradient materials according to claim 6, characterized in that: The actual powder feeding parameters of the feeding device (1) are calculated by the powder volume V1 to be filled and the redundancy coefficient k to obtain the actual powder feeding volume V2. The calculation formula is as follows: V2=(k+1)*V1 (6).

9. The method for operating the selective laser melting device for forming nanoparticle-reinforced gradient materials according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step S4, the upper surface area s of the bottom of the powder storage chamber (201) is equal to the upper surface area s of the bottom of the printing chamber (207), the particles of the powder feeding device (1) are nanoparticle-reinforced powders, the nanoparticle-reinforced powders are one or more of WC, TiC, and Al2O3, the particle size range is 10-100 nm, and the particle size range of the metal-based particles is 0-15 μm.

10. The method for operating the laser selective melting device for forming nanoparticle-reinforced gradient materials according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step S6, the laser selective melting process parameters are: laser wavelength of 1.07 μm, output power of 100-300 W, protective gas of argon, flow rate of 5-20 L / min, scanning speed of 2-7 m / s, and single layer thickness of 0.02-0.1 mm.

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