Shaft machining equipment and machining method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of part machining equipment, in particular to shaft machining equipment and a machining method thereof.The shaft machining equipment comprises a rotating carrier which is used for periodically rotating in the preset direction, and a plurality of clamping units are evenly distributed in the circumferential direction of the rotating carrier; each clamping unit is configured to clamp one end of the shaft piece and enable the other end of the shaft piece to be exposed out of one side of the rotary carrier; a plurality of operation stations are sequentially arranged on the periphery of the rotating carrier in the rotating direction of the rotating carrier and at least comprise a first machining station, a turning station and a second machining station, and the periodic rotation of the rotating carrier drives the clamping units to sequentially stay on the operation stations. Through cooperative work of the rotary carrier, the clamping unit, the turning station and the multiple operation stations of the shaft machining equipment, continuous machining of the two ends is achieved, and the defects of existing shaft machining equipment in the machining efficiency and precision control aspect are overcome.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of parts processing equipment, and in particular to a shaft processing equipment and a processing method thereof. Background Art

[0002] In the field of precision machining, shaft processing requirements are very high, especially in the automotive, aviation, and energy industries, where shaft parts often require fine machining on both ends. These shafts typically have high precision requirements, such as end face machining, threading, and hole machining. These processing steps are crucial to ensuring the function and performance of the parts. Traditional shaft processing methods mostly rely on the linkage of multiple lathes, with shafts being transferred between different machines, each of which undergoes different processing steps. This traditional processing method not only has a long working cycle, but the transfer process is also prone to precision errors and part damage. Especially when processing small and precise shafts, any slight error will affect the final product quality.

[0003] Furthermore, existing equipment typically requires multiple clamping stations to process each end of the shaft separately. After each machining operation, the shaft must be transferred from one clamping station to another, a process that wastes time and increases operational complexity. Traditional methods require clamping and adjustment for each transfer, resulting in long processing times and low production efficiency. For large-scale production, traditional methods also require additional manpower and equipment to ensure smooth machining, which increases production costs.

[0004] Therefore, improving machining efficiency, reducing time wasted in transfer and clamping, and ensuring machining accuracy are key challenges in current technology. To better meet these demands, it is crucial to develop a machine that can precisely machine both ends of a shaft and improve production efficiency on the same machine. Summary of the Invention

[0005] (1) The technical problem to be solved by this invention is that existing shaft processing equipment suffers from low processing efficiency and time waste due to multiple transfers when processing small and precise shafts. In particular, when precision machining is required at both ends of a shaft, traditional methods rely on multiple machines for processing. After each machining operation, the shaft must be transferred to different clamping stations for further processing, which not only increases production cycle time but also leads to low production efficiency. Furthermore, due to the multiple clamping and adjustment processes, it is difficult to control the precision of the parts, which can easily lead to machining errors, thus affecting the quality of the finished product.

[0006] (2) Technical solution In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a shaft processing device for double-end processing of shafts, comprising: A rotating carrier, configured to rotate periodically in a preset direction, having a plurality of clamping units evenly distributed around the circumference thereof, each clamping unit being configured to clamp one end of the shaft and expose the other end of the shaft to one side of the rotating carrier; A plurality of working stations are sequentially arranged on the periphery of the rotating carrier along the rotation direction of the rotating carrier, including at least a first processing station, a turning station and a second processing station: The first processing station is provided with at least one set of radially movable tool assemblies configured to perform a first processing on the exposed end of the shaft member; The turning station is provided with a turning mechanism configured to remove the shaft from the clamping unit and turn its two ends before repositioning it to the clamping unit so that the original clamping end is exposed; The second processing station is provided with at least one set of radially movable tool assemblies, configured to perform secondary processing on the exposed end of the rotated shaft; The periodic rotation of the rotary carrier drives the clamping unit to stop at a plurality of working stations in sequence.

[0007] The periodic rotation of the rotary carrier allows the shaft to pass through multiple workstations on the same machine, eliminating the time wasted in traditional machining methods when transferring the shaft between different machines. Each clamping unit can effectively clamp the shaft at both ends according to the machining requirements and rotate the shaft at the rotation station to achieve continuous processing at both ends.

[0008] Furthermore, by deploying radially movable tool assemblies at multiple workstations, shafts can be precisely machined without requiring multiple adjustments or transfers. In particular, at the rotation station, a mechanism swaps the ends of the shaft and re-clamps it, exposing the original clamped end. This ensures effective control of shaft precision during machining.

[0009] Through these technical means, the present invention significantly improves the efficiency of shaft processing, reduces the impact of transfer and clamping operations on time and accuracy, and at the same time ensures high-precision processing at both ends of the shaft, solving the problems caused by multiple transfers and clamping in traditional technologies.

[0010] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the plurality of workstations further include: a loading station, arranged upstream of the first processing station along the rotation direction of the rotary carrier, and provided with a loading mechanism, wherein the loading mechanism is configured to transport the shaft to be processed to the clamping unit of the rotary carrier; The discharge station is arranged downstream of the second processing station along the rotation direction of the rotating carrier and is provided with a receiving unit. The receiving unit is configured to receive the shaft released from the clamping unit after the secondary processing is completed.

[0011] This invention further improves the automation and efficiency of the processing equipment by placing loading and unloading stations upstream and downstream of the rotating carrier, respectively. Specifically, the loading station is equipped with a loading mechanism that accurately delivers the shaft to be processed to the clamping unit of the rotating carrier, ensuring smooth clamping and initiation of the processing. This arrangement enables automated shaft feeding, eliminating the uncertainty and time-consuming manual operation.

[0012] After processing is complete, the unloading station is equipped with a receiving unit to receive the shaft released from the clamping unit. After the secondary processing of the shaft is completed, this receiving unit can automatically remove the shaft from the clamping unit for collection and processing, further reducing manual intervention and improving production efficiency. Through this automated loading and unloading design, the present invention significantly improves the overall efficiency of the shaft processing process, reduces the complexity and error rate of manual operation, and significantly enhances the stability and efficiency of the equipment in continuous production.

[0013] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the rotating carrier includes a driving end and a rotating working end, and the rotating working end is an annular structure with a fixed support member provided on its periphery; The plurality of working stations are fixedly arranged on the fixed support member in sequence along the rotation direction and maintain a preset distance from the rotating working end to adapt to the working position of the exposed end of the shaft.

[0014] By arranging a fixed support member on the periphery of the rotating working end and fixing multiple working stations on the support member in sequence along the rotation direction, the present invention can ensure a preset distance between each working station and the rotating working end, thereby adapting to the working position of the exposed end of the shaft.

[0015] Furthermore, the shaft processing equipment also includes: The frame constitutes the supporting body of the shaft processing equipment, ensures the stable installation and reliable operation of various components of the equipment, avoids vibration and deviation during the operation of the equipment, and provides a solid foundation; The fixed support member includes an annular support block with a notch in the center, which is fixedly connected to the frame. A ring-shaped notch is provided in the center to adapt to the rotating carrier, and various work stations are provided on the outer edge, so that the various work stations can be evenly distributed on the periphery of the rotating carrier and maintain a reasonable distance from the rotating working end, thereby ensuring the precise positioning of each work station.

[0016] A drive assembly, integrated into the annular support block, comprises: a main drive shaft, driven by a power source and extending radially along the annular support block, with a drive gear provided at its output end; An annular transmission gearwheel meshes with the drive gear and extends around the periphery of the rotary carrier and covers all working stations to ensure that power can be evenly transmitted to each station; Multiple driven transmission units are respectively arranged at each working station, connected to the annular transmission gear disc, and respectively drive the radial feed of the tool assembly of the first processing station, the turning mechanism of the turning station to perform the extraction-turning action, and the loading mechanism of the loading station to push the shaft.

[0017] All workstations are driven synchronously by a single power source. As the rotating carrier drives the clamping unit through periodic rotation, it precisely docks with each workstation at each cycle's resting position, ensuring precise machining of the shaft at each station. Each driven transmission unit, located at each workstation and connected to the annular transmission gear, drives the tool assembly at the first machining station for radial feed, the swivel mechanism at the swivel station to extract and swivel the shaft, and the loading mechanism at the loading station to push the shaft.

[0018] This design enables synchronized operation between different workstations, significantly improving the automation and efficiency of the shaft machining process. Because each workstation is driven by a single power source, the coordination issues inherent in traditional equipment with multiple independent power sources are avoided. This not only reduces equipment complexity and space requirements, but also improves overall production efficiency and ensures precision and continuity in shaft machining.

[0019] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the rotating working end of the rotating carrier is a vertically mounted disc-shaped structure with the clamping units distributed circumferentially around the disc surface. This ensures that each clamping unit passes through each workstation in sequence during rotation, thereby achieving precise machining of the shaft. This vertically mounted disc-shaped structure makes the equipment more compact in terms of footprint, while also enabling efficient machining processes by driving each clamping unit through rotation.

[0020] The unloading station is located at the bottom of the disc-shaped structure, designed to ensure smooth gravity-induced descent of the shaft after processing. After secondary processing is complete, the clamping unit releases the shaft, allowing it to naturally fall under gravity into a collection container below the unloading station. This design eliminates the need for complex manual labor or mechanical devices to retrieve the shaft, while allowing gravity to complete the unloading process, reducing equipment complexity and improving overall automation.

[0021] The vertical layout of the disc-shaped structure matches the position of the discharge station, so that the gravity falling path of the shaft avoids the working space of other stations, avoiding possible interference or conflict during the processing.

[0022] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the switching mechanism includes a clamping unit, a linkage drive module, a horizontal movement unit and a switching drive unit; The clamping unit is configured to clamp and remove the shaft from the clamping unit in the turning station at the turning station, and the clamping unit can effectively grasp the shaft and complete the taking and placing of the shaft between the turning station and the clamping unit; The linkage drive module includes a first cam assembly and a second cam assembly arranged coaxially, and the first cam assembly and the second cam assembly are synchronously driven by a drive unit of the switching station; This ensures that the switching mechanism can complete multiple actions synchronously through a unified power source during operation, thereby improving the accuracy and efficiency of the operation.

[0023] The horizontal moving unit is in transmission connection with the first cam assembly and is configured to drive the clamping unit to move horizontally in a direction away from or close to the clamping unit in the turning station under the drive of the first cam assembly; The rotation drive unit is connected to the second cam assembly and is configured to drive the two ends of the shaft to rotate 180 degrees under the drive of the second cam assembly when the clamping unit is away from the clamping unit in the rotation station; The phase difference between the first cam assembly and the second cam assembly is configured to control the timing matching of the horizontal movement and the rotation action.

[0024] It's worth noting that the phase difference between the first and second cam assemblies precisely controls the timing of horizontal movement and rotation, ensuring a smooth and efficient rotation process. This enables automated placement and precise rotation of shafts at the rotation station, eliminating manual intervention and improving the equipment's automation and production efficiency. The automated design of the entire rotation process makes shaft transfers faster and more stable during processing, significantly improving processing efficiency.

[0025] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the tool assemblies of the first processing station and the second processing station include: A radial drive module is connected to the drive assembly via a tool cam assembly. The tool cam assembly includes a camshaft and a cam provided on the camshaft. One end of the camshaft is provided with a gear set. The transmission gear set is engaged with an annular transmission gear disc to receive power input. The tool holder module is connected to the cam through a linkage mechanism and is configured to move radially along the rotating carrier under the rotation drive of the cam, driving the tool to perform feed or retract actions, so that the tool can accurately adjust the feed amount during the processing process, ensuring high precision and consistency in the processing of the shaft.

[0026] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the shaft processing equipment of the present invention further includes a pushing mechanism, and the pushing mechanism includes: The follow-up pushing unit is arranged on the inner side of the rotating carrier and includes a plurality of pushing sliders corresponding to the clamping units. Each pushing slider can be slidably installed in the radial slide groove of the rotating carrier, and the sliding direction is aligned with the axis of the corresponding clamping unit. Through this design, the pushing slider can accurately match the axis of each clamping unit, ensuring that the shaft can be smoothly released and ejected from the clamping unit after the shaft processing is completed.

[0027] A fixed push-pull mechanism, comprising a first push-pull unit, fixedly arranged at the discharge station inside the rotating carrier, comprising a push-pull member and a mechanical linkage portion; The push-pull member is configured to drive the push slider to move outward along the radial sliding groove through mechanical contact, thereby ejecting the shaft from the clamping unit and resetting it.

[0028] Through the precise following of the follow-up ejection unit and the fixed setting of the fixed push-pull mechanism, the present invention can complete the ejection of the components in the clamping unit without adding an additional power mechanism, thereby improving the automation level and stability of the processing process. At the same time, it allows the parts to be inserted into the clamping unit to a deeper depth and then be smoothly removed, making the exposed end of the shaft shorter, thereby reducing the risk of deformation of the shaft in the length direction when the tool assembly acts on the shaft, and significantly improving production efficiency and yield rate.

[0029] Furthermore, the fixed push-pull mechanism further includes a second push-pull unit, which is fixedly arranged at the turning station inside the rotating carrier and includes a push-pull member and a mechanical linkage portion; The push-pull member is configured to drive the push slider to move outward along the radial sliding groove through mechanical contact, so as to push the shaft member out of the clamping unit and reset it.

[0030] The setting of the second push-pull unit not only simplifies the operating process, but also realizes automatic ejection and resetting through mechanical linkage, further improving the overall efficiency and automation level of the shaft processing equipment, ensuring the smooth progress of the shaft processing process, reducing manual intervention, and improving production efficiency.

[0031] The present invention also provides a shaft processing method, which is processed using any of the shaft processing equipment described above, comprising the following steps: S1: driving the rotary carrier to intermittently rotate at a preset angle so that each clamping unit is aligned with the tool assembly on the first processing station, the turning station, and the tool assembly on the second processing station in sequence; S2: When the clamping unit rotates with the rotating carrier to an initial clamping position upstream of the first processing station, one end of the shaft is fixed in the clamping unit so that the other end of the shaft is exposed on the radial side of the rotating carrier; S3: Parallel processing steps: When any clamping unit rotates to the first processing station, the tool assembly of the first processing station performs the first processing on the exposed end thereof; When any clamping unit rotates to the turning station, the shaft is pulled out through the turning mechanism and its two ends are turned and then clamped again so that the original clamping end is exposed; When any clamping unit rotates to the second processing station, the tool assembly of the second processing station performs secondary processing on the rotated exposed end; When any clamping unit rotates to the downstream of the second processing station, the processed shaft is released to complete the discharge of the shaft; S4: The clamping unit that has completed the discharge rotates with the rotating carrier to the initial clamping position, re-clamps the new shaft, and enters the next processing cycle.

[0032] The shaft machining method provided by this invention ensures the shaft remains stable throughout the entire machining process by precisely controlling each machining step, significantly improving machining accuracy and efficiency. First, a rotating carrier intermittently rotates at a preset angle, sequentially docking the clamping unit with each machining station, ensuring precise alignment of the shaft at each station. With each rotation, one end of the shaft is secured in the clamping unit, while the other end is exposed, allowing for precise machining at the first machining station.

[0033] During the parallel processing steps, the shaft's ends are swapped using a reversing mechanism at the reversing station, ensuring the original clamping end is exposed and allowing for seamless transitions between processing steps. This method allows primary and secondary processing to be performed separately at the first and second processing stations, reducing errors and delays during transfer, significantly improving processing efficiency and accuracy.

[0034] When the shaft is finished, it is smoothly released through the discharge station and automatically begins the next processing cycle using the periodic rotation of the rotary carrier. This method achieves efficient automation of shaft processing by precisely controlling the rotation of the rotary carrier and the docking of the workstations, greatly improving production efficiency while reducing manual intervention and operational errors.

[0035] (3) Beneficial effects of the present invention: The present invention realizes continuous processing at both ends through the coordinated work of the rotating carrier, clamping unit, turning station and multiple working stations of the shaft processing equipment, thereby solving the shortcomings of existing shaft processing equipment in processing efficiency and precision control. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0036] In order to more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the specific embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0037] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of a shaft processing device provided by one embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the main structure of a shaft processing device provided by one embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the right side structure of a shaft processing device provided by one embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of a fixed support member provided in one embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of a tool assembly provided in one embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of a clamping unit provided in one embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of a turning mechanism provided in one embodiment of the present invention; Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of a turning mechanism provided by an embodiment of the present invention from a second viewing angle; Figure 9 A schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the inner driving assembly and the pushing mechanism of the fixed support member provided in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0038] Icons: 1. Rotating carrier; 11. Driving device; 12. Clamping unit; 2. Fixed support; 21. First processing station; 22. Turning station; 202. Turning mechanism; 221. Clamping unit; 222. Linkage drive module; 2221. First cam assembly; 2222. Second cam assembly; 2223. Horizontal movement unit; 2224. Turning drive unit; 2225. Third cam assembly; 2226. Fourth cam assembly; 2227. Lifting drive unit; 2228. Pushing drive unit; 23. Second processing station; 24. Loading station; 204 , loading mechanism; 25, discharging station; 206, tool assembly; 261, radial drive module; 2611, tool cam assembly; 262, tool holder module; 27, annular notch; 28, drive assembly; 281, main drive shaft; 282, drive gear; 283, annular transmission gear disc; 284, driven transmission unit; 3, pushing mechanism; 31, follow-up pushing unit; 311, pushing slider; 312, slide; 32, fixed push-pull mechanism; 3201, first push-pull unit; 3202, second push-pull unit; 321, push-pull member; 7, rack; 8, collection container. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] In order to more clearly understand the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. In the absence of conflict, the embodiments of the present application and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention. Specific embodiments

[0040] This embodiment provides a shaft processing device and method for double-end cutting of shafts. The following specific embodiments will describe in detail the structure of the device, the arrangement of its components, and their coordinated working methods: like Figures 1 to 9 As shown, the shaft processing equipment of the present invention mainly includes a frame 7, a rotating carrier 1, a fixed support 2, a driving assembly 28, a plurality of working stations, a turning mechanism 202, a tool assembly 206 and a pushing mechanism 3.

[0041] Among them, Figures 1 to 3 As shown, the frame 7 serves as the supporting body of the equipment and is made of high-strength steel to ensure that the equipment has sufficient bearing capacity during operation.

[0042] The rotating carrier 1 is cylindrical and fixedly arranged horizontally on the table of the frame 7. It is used to rotate periodically along a preset direction to ensure stable clamping and precise processing of the shaft during processing. The rotating carrier 1 mainly includes two parts: a driving end and a rotating working end.

[0043] Driver side: The drive end is located inside the frame 7 of the rotary carrier 1 and is connected to a drive unit 11. Drive unit 11 can utilize a power mechanism such as a stepper motor or servo motor that precisely controls the rotation angle, ensuring that the rotary carrier 1 rotates accurately within a predetermined period. The use of a stepper motor or servo motor enables the rotary carrier 1 to precisely control its rotation angle during each machining cycle, ensuring that each clamping unit 12 accurately docks with its respective workstation during rotation, enabling efficient shaft machining.

[0044] Rotating working end: The rotating working end utilizes a vertically mounted disc-shaped structure, with multiple clamping units 12 evenly distributed around its end surface. This design allows each clamping unit 12 to sequentially dock with a processing station as the rotating carrier 1 rotates, ensuring that the shaft can be processed sequentially. The design of the rotating working end ensures stable clamping and rotation of the shaft, avoiding precision errors caused by inaccurate rotation during the processing process.

[0045] Configuration of the clamping unit 12: like Figure 6 As shown, in this embodiment, ten clamping units 12 are evenly arranged around the circumference of the disk surface of the rotating working end. Each clamping unit 12 is configured to clamp one end of the shaft and expose the other end of the shaft to one side of the rotating carrier 1. This design ensures that the shaft can always maintain a stable clamping state during the rotation process, and the two ends of the shaft can be processed separately during the processing of different workstations. The configuration of the clamping unit 12 can be a mechanical clamp or a pneumatic clamp. For example, a mechanical clamp firmly clamps the shaft by adjusting the clamping force, while a pneumatic clamp uses air pressure to achieve rapid clamping and release. Different types of clamping units 12 can be selected according to specific processing requirements to ensure the stability and processing accuracy of the shaft during the processing.

[0046] Through the above arrangement, the rotary carrier 1 can accurately clamp the shaft and periodically rotate it to various processing stations, achieving efficient and accurate shaft processing. The disc-shaped structure of the rotary working end provides a sufficient number of clamping units 12 and ensures that the clamping units 12 can be smoothly connected to different stations within each cycle, thereby improving the automation level and production efficiency of the processing process.

[0047] As shown in Figure 2, the fixed support member 2 is an annular support block fixedly connected to the frame 7 and has an annular notch 27 at its center that adapts to the rotating carrier 1. This notch is designed to fit over the working end surface of the rotating carrier 1, ensuring that the working end of the rotating carrier 1 can be firmly embedded therein. The outer end surfaces of the two are aligned and rotatably connected, providing stable support for the rotating carrier 1 and ensuring its precise operation during rotation.

[0048] Multiple workstations are arranged around the periphery of the fixed support member 2, along the rotational direction of the rotating carrier 1. These include a loading station 24, a first processing station 21, a rotation station 22, a second processing station 23, and an unloading station. The rotating carrier 1 rotates periodically, driving the clamping unit 12 to rotate to each workstation in sequence, where it stays at each station for a period of time to perform the corresponding operation. Each workstation is closely aligned with the rotational direction and periodic rotation of the rotating carrier 1, ensuring that each clamping unit 12 can accurately dock and perform processing operations upon reaching the workstation.

[0049] Configuration of the drive assembly 28: like Figure 9 As shown, the inner end of the fixed support 2 is integrated with a drive assembly 28, which works together through a main drive shaft 281, an annular transmission gear plate 283 and multiple driven transmission units 284 to provide the required power for each work station. The structure of the drive assembly 28 is as follows: Main drive shaft 281: The main drive shaft 281 is driven by a power source (e.g., a stepper motor, servo motor, etc.), extends radially along the annular support block, and is responsible for providing power output to the drive assembly 28. The output end of the main drive shaft 281 is connected to the drive gear 282, providing precise power to the entire drive system.

[0050] Ring drive gear disc 283: An annular transmission gearwheel 283 meshes with the drive gear 282 and extends around the periphery of the rotating carrier 1. The annular transmission gearwheel 283 transmits power from the main drive shaft 281 to the driven transmission units 284 at each workstation. This design ensures that each workstation receives power synchronously, enabling coordinated operation during the rotation of the rotating carrier 1.

[0051] Multiple driven transmission units 284: Each workstation is connected to the annular transmission gearwheel 283 via a driven transmission unit 284. Each driven unit comprises a gear and axle connected to the annular transmission gearwheel 283 and is responsible for transmitting power to the corresponding workstation. These driven transmission units 284 respectively drive: the tool assembly 206 for radial feed; the swivel mechanism 202 of the swivel station 22 for extraction and swivel; and the loading mechanism 204 of the loading station 24 for shaft advancement.

[0052] Through hole and transmission connection: The fixed support member 2 is provided with multiple through-holes to provide installation space for the driven transmission unit 284. These through-holes ensure that the gears and axles of the driven transmission unit 284 can be smoothly installed and connected to the annular transmission gear plate 283. Through these through-holes, power can be accurately transmitted to the driven transmission unit 284 at each workstation, ensuring that the operating components at each workstation can work together efficiently.

[0053] The loading station 24 is equipped with a loading mechanism 204, which is configured to transport the shaft to be processed to the clamping unit 12 of the rotating carrier 1, ensuring that the shaft is accurately clamped and smoothly enters the processing process. The power source of the loading mechanism 204 is provided by a driven unit. There are various specific embodiments, and the rotation of the driven unit can be used as a power source to load the shaft. The loading mechanism 204 can adopt various mechanical drive forms, which can work in conjunction with the rotating carrier 1 and other components of the present invention to ensure stable transportation and clamping of the shaft.

[0054] For example, the loading mechanism 204 of this embodiment utilizes a mechanical pusher, powered by the rotation of a driven mechanism. This mechanism 204 includes a pusher plate, a roller conveyor belt, and a linkage mechanism. The pusher plate is driven by the driven mechanism (i.e., a cam), and through a mechanical transmission system, pushes the shaft to be processed along a conveyor track to the clamping unit 12 of the rotating carrier 1.

[0055] Specifically, the rotation of the driven mechanism's cam generates mechanical thrust through a linkage connected to the pusher plate, driving the pusher plate to precisely push the shaft toward the clamping unit 12. The linkage converts the driven mechanism's rotation into linear motion of the pusher plate, ensuring the shaft's positional accuracy and stability during transport. The movement of the pusher mechanism is synchronized with the rotation of the rotating carrier 1, ensuring accurate docking and clamping of the shaft.

[0056] The first processing station 21 is divided into three sections along the rotation direction of the rotating carrier 1, each corresponding to a clamping unit 12. Each clamping unit 12 is used to clamp one end of the shaft while leaving the other end exposed for initial processing. At each station, a radially movable tool assembly 206 is provided, configured to perform different initial processing operations on the exposed end of the shaft. Specifically, as the rotating carrier 1 rotates, the clamping unit 12 brings the shaft to each station one by one, and the shaft remains there for a certain period of time to ensure that the tool can accurately perform the processing tasks required at each station.

[0057] At each station, the radial feed of the tool assembly 206 can be adjusted according to different processing requirements, such as for end turning, external cylindrical turning, etc. By dividing the first processing station 21 into three sections, a variety of processing operations can be performed according to the size and shape of the shaft, ensuring processing flexibility and efficiency.

[0058] Second processing station 23: The second processing station 23 is divided into four sections along the rotational direction of the rotating carrier 1 and is equipped with at least one set of radially movable tool assemblies 206. Each tool assembly 206 is configured to perform secondary processing on the exposed end of the rotated shaft. The rotated shaft is then repositioned by the reversing mechanism 202 of the reversing station 22, swapping the ends of the shaft. This repositions the previously exposed end into a clamped end, leaving the other end exposed for further processing.

[0059] In each section of the second processing station 23, the secondary processing performed by the tool assembly 206 may include thread cutting, end surface processing, and outer diameter finishing. The design of these stations enables each tool assembly 206 to accurately control the processing depth and processing position, thereby ensuring that each processing step of the shaft can be completed efficiently and accurately.

[0060] Tool drive system and linkage mechanism: like Figure 5 As shown, the movement of each tool assembly 206 is powered by a radial drive module 261, which is connected to the drive assembly 28 via a tool cam assembly 2611. The tool cam assembly 2611 comprises a camshaft and a cam mounted on the camshaft. A gear set is provided at one end of the camshaft, which meshes with an annular transmission gear plate 283. The transmission gear plate transmits power from the drive assembly 28 to each tool assembly 206. This drive mechanism allows the tool mounted on the tool holder module 262 to precisely advance or retract according to the motion cycle of the rotary carrier 1.

[0061] like Figure 1 、 7 and Figure 8As shown, the rotation station 22 is located between the first processing station 21 and the second processing station 23. It is responsible for swapping the ends of the shaft, ensuring that the other end of the shaft is exposed after the initial processing, facilitating secondary processing. The core function of the rotation station 22 is to remove the shaft from the clamping unit 12 through the rotation mechanism 202, rotate its ends, and reposition it to the clamping unit 12, exposing the original clamped end and preparing it for the second processing station 23 for subsequent processing operations.

[0062] The structure and function of the turning mechanism 202: The turning mechanism 202 is composed of multiple components, including a clamping unit 221, a linkage drive module 222, a horizontal movement unit 2223, a lifting drive unit 2227, a turning drive unit 2224, and a pushing unit. The working principle and structure of each component are as follows: Clamping unit 221: The clamping unit 221, a core component of the rotation station 22, is responsible for clamping and removing the shaft. Its primary function is to remove the shaft from the clamping unit 12 and accurately position it within the rotation station 22. By coordinating with other drive modules, the clamping unit 221 precisely grips the shaft and brings it into the rotation position. The clamping arm of the clamping unit 221 is constructed of high-strength material, ensuring stable grip during the rotation process.

[0063] Linkage drive module 222: The linkage drive module 222 is the power source of the switching mechanism 202 and includes four cam assemblies (a first cam assembly 2221, a second cam assembly 2222, a third cam assembly 2225, and a fourth cam assembly 2226). These four cam assemblies are coaxially arranged and, through precise phase adjustment, ensure that the switching mechanism 202 can smoothly complete each action. Specifically: The first cam assembly 2221 and the second cam assembly 2222 are synchronously driven by the drive unit of the switching station 22 (i.e., the camshaft meshing with the annular transmission gear plate 283). When the drive unit rotates, the first and second cam assemblies 2222 will drive other components to operate accurately.

[0064] The third and fourth cam assemblies 2226 are responsible for controlling the movement of the lifting drive unit 2227 and the push unit respectively. The precise coordination of the four cams ensures the smoothness and accuracy of the turning operation.

[0065] Horizontal movement unit 2223: The horizontal movement unit 2223 is in transmission connection with the first cam assembly 2221 and is configured to drive the clamping unit 221 to move horizontally along the radial slot 312. The horizontal movement unit 2223 ensures that the clamping unit 221 can accurately remove the shaft member in the predetermined direction within the rotation station 22 and move it to the rotation position. By cooperating with the cam assembly, the horizontal movement unit 2223 precisely adjusts the shaft member's position, preparing for subsequent rotation operations.

[0066] Lifting drive unit 2227: The lifting drive unit 2227 is in transmission connection with the third cam assembly 2225. It is responsible for driving the clamping unit 221 up and down when the shaft is withdrawn from the clamping unit 12. This is primarily to ensure that the shaft avoids interference with the tool assemblies 206 on either side during rotation. Through precise control, the lifting drive unit 2227 ensures that the clamping unit 221 descends when necessary, providing ample space for shaft rotation, avoiding tool interference and ensuring machining accuracy.

[0067] Turn drive unit 2224: The rotation drive unit 2224, connected to the second cam assembly 2222, is responsible for rotating the ends of the shaft 180° after the clamping unit 221 has moved away from the clamping station and descended. This rotation ensures that the ends of the shaft are successfully swapped, allowing the previously exposed ends to become clamped, facilitating subsequent secondary processing. The rotation drive unit 2224 precisely controls the speed and angle of the rotation through a synchronized cam system, ensuring a stable and error-free shaft rotation process.

[0068] Push drive unit 2228: The push unit is in driving connection with the fourth cam assembly 2226 and includes a push rod. This push rod assists the horizontal movement unit 2223 in pushing the shaft, ensuring smooth and precise movement to the rotation station 22 and adjustment to the correct position. The push unit's design ensures smooth and even forward movement of the shaft during the rotation process, while also controlling the shaft's progressive advance distance to ensure precise docking with the second processing station 23 after rotation.

[0069] Phase difference setting of the four cam components: The phase difference between the first and second cam assemblies 2222 is designed to precisely control the timing of horizontal movement and rotation. By adjusting the phase difference between the two cam assemblies, the rotation mechanism 202 can achieve perfect timing coordination between horizontal movement and shaft rotation, ensuring a smooth transition between each step and avoiding conflicts or precision issues during the shaft rotation process.

[0070] Working principle of the switching mechanism 202: After the shaft is machined at the first processing station 21, the rotating carrier 1 drives the clamping unit 12 to sequentially rotate the shaft to the rotation station 22. At this point, the clamping unit 221, driven by the first cam assembly 2221 and the second cam assembly 2222 of the linkage drive module 222, moves horizontally, removing the shaft from the clamping unit 12. As the clamping unit 221 removes the shaft, the lifting drive unit 2227, driven by the third cam assembly 2225, lowers the clamping unit 221, ensuring that the shaft avoids interference from the tool during rotation.

[0071] After the clamping unit 221 moves away from the gripping unit 12, the rotation drive unit 2224, through the action of the second cam assembly 2222, accurately rotates the ends of the shaft 180°, exposing the original clamped ends and preparing them for entering the second processing station 23. The push unit, through the fourth cam assembly 2226, provides auxiliary power to ensure that the shaft is accurately advanced to the rotation position and is ready for subsequent processing.

[0072] At the discharge station 25, a collection container 8 is located to receive shafts released from the clamping unit 12. After passing through the second processing station 23, the shafts automatically fall due to gravity and precisely enter the collection container 8. This receiving unit ensures that after secondary processing, the shafts are quickly and smoothly released from the clamping unit 12 and effectively received by the collection container 8, eliminating manual intervention or additional mechanical operations, thereby improving processing efficiency and the equipment's degree of automation.

[0073] The ejection mechanism 3, a key component of the present invention, primarily assists in ejecting and repositioning the shaft from the clamping unit 12, ensuring smooth unloading of the shaft after machining. The ejection mechanism 3 achieves efficient and precise ejection of the shaft through the coordinated operation of multiple components. The following describes the specific structure and operating principle of the ejection mechanism 3.

[0074] Follow-up thrust unit 31: The follower ejection unit 31 is disposed inside the rotating carrier 1 and includes a plurality of ejection sliders 311 corresponding one to each clamping unit 12. Each ejection slider 311 is slidably mounted within a radial slot 312 of the rotating carrier 1, with its sliding direction aligned with the axis of the corresponding clamping unit 12. The design of the follower ejection unit 31 enables the ejection slider 311 to precisely mate with each clamping unit 12. When a shaft member needs to be ejected, the ejection slider 311 can move within the radial slot 312 in a direction aligned with the axis of the clamping unit 12, thereby precisely ejecting the shaft member from the clamping unit 12.

[0075] Fixed push-pull mechanism 32 (first push-pull unit 3201): The fixed push-pull mechanism 32 is located at the discharge station 25 inside the rotating carrier 1 and primarily consists of a push-pull member 321 and a mechanical linkage. The push-pull member 321 cooperates with the mechanical linkage to mechanically drive the ejection slider 311 outward along the radial slot 312. This action ejects the processed shaft from the clamping unit 12 and returns it to the discharge position. The design of the first push-pull unit 3201 ensures precise movement of the ejection slider 311, thereby ensuring smooth ejection of the shaft.

[0076] Fixed push-pull mechanism 32 (second push-pull unit 3202): In addition to the first push-pull unit 3201, the fixed push-pull mechanism 32 also includes a second push-pull unit 3202, which is fixedly arranged at the turning station 22 on the inner side of the rotating carrier 1. The structure of the second push-pull unit 3202 is similar to that of the first push-pull unit 3201, including a push-pull member 321 and a mechanical linkage part. When the turning operation of the turning station 22 is completed, the second push-pull unit 3202 drives the pushing slider 311 to move outward along the radial groove 312 through mechanical contact, ejecting the shaft from the clamping unit 12 and resetting it. At this time, the second push-pull unit 3202 ensures that the shaft can smoothly enter the turning area and is ready for subsequent processing.

[0077] The ejection mechanism 3, through the cooperation of two push-pull units, ensures smooth transfer of the shaft between the rotation station 22 and the discharge station 25. Because each push-pull unit precisely mates with its corresponding ejection slider 311, the entire ejection process is both efficient and highly stable, avoiding errors caused by mechanical friction or uneven force. This design enables the ejection mechanism 3 to automatically and stably eject and reposition the shaft throughout the entire machining process, reducing manual intervention and optimizing the equipment's automation level.

[0078] This embodiment also provides a shaft processing method, comprising the following steps: Step S1: Drive the rotating carrier 1 to rotate intermittently at a preset angle In the first step, the rotating carrier 1 begins to rotate intermittently according to a predetermined cycle. The rotation of the rotating carrier 1 can precisely control the movement direction and position of the clamping unit 12, ensuring that each clamping unit 12 can reach each processing station in sequence with each rotation. The rotation of the rotating carrier 1 is controlled by the drive assembly 28, which uses a high-precision stepper motor or servo motor, allowing it to stop at a preset angle during each rotation. Under the action of the rotating carrier 1, each clamping unit 12 is accurately docked to the first processing station 21, the rotation station 22, and the second processing station 23.

[0079] Step S2: Clamping of shaft When the clamping unit 12 rotates to its initial clamping position upstream of the first processing station 21, the clamping unit 221 secures one end of the shaft within the clamping unit 12, ensuring that the other end of the shaft is exposed radially from the rotating carrier 1. At this point, the shaft is securely clamped, and the exposed portion of the other end facilitates the initial processing. During this process, the clamping device of the clamping unit 12 precisely controls the clamping force of the shaft, preventing it from shifting or loosening during rotation, thereby ensuring stable and accurate processing.

[0080] Step S3: Parallel processing steps This step is the key to the present invention, involving parallel processing operations at multiple stations, and fully utilizing the high efficiency of the equipment.

[0081] First processing: When the clamping unit 12 rotates to the first machining station 21, the tool assembly 206 begins initial machining of the exposed end of the shaft. Depending on the process requirements, the tool assembly 206 can perform various machining operations, such as facing and external turning. During this process, the periodic rotation of the rotary carrier 1 ensures precise alignment and continuous, stable machining.

[0082] Switching operation: When the clamping unit 12 rotates to the transfer station 22, the transfer mechanism 202 begins to operate, extracting the shaft from the clamping unit 12 and swapping the ends. Specifically, the transfer mechanism 202 precisely controls the movement of the clamping unit 221 to ensure smooth exchange of the ends of the shaft at the transfer station 22. At this point, the previously clamped end becomes exposed, ensuring it can enter the second processing station 23 for further processing. This transfer process design greatly simplifies the clamping and transportation steps of the workpiece, avoiding the errors and time waste caused by multiple clamping in traditional methods.

[0083] Secondary processing: When the clamping unit 12 rotates to the second processing station 23, the tool assembly 206 performs secondary machining on the rotated exposed end. This secondary machining typically includes fine turning, thread cutting, and other precision machining processes tailored to the shaft's requirements. Because the machining operations for both ends of the shaft have been assigned to the first and second processing stations, secondary machining can seamlessly continue after the shaft is rotated, further improving machining continuity and efficiency.

[0084] Step S4: Complete the discharge and enter the next processing cycle After the shaft is processed, the gripping unit 12 is transferred to the discharge station 25 by the periodic rotation of the rotary carrier 1. At this point, the processed shaft is smoothly released and, using the rotational motion of the rotary carrier 1, automatically falls into the collection container 8 by gravity or an auxiliary device, completing the unloading process. This automated discharge operation ensures that the shaft is not damaged by operational errors or human intervention, thereby improving the stability of the processing process.

[0085] After the discharge is completed, the clamping unit 12 will rotate back to the initial clamping position, start a new processing cycle, clamp a new shaft and enter the next processing process. The entire method realizes a fully automated processing and discharge process, greatly improving production efficiency and reducing manual intervention.

[0086] The shaft processing method of the present invention ensures the stability and efficiency of the shaft during the entire processing process by precisely controlling the rotation of the rotating carrier 1 and the docking of each work station. Each clamping unit 12 can be precisely docked to multiple processing stations in turn, and efficient processing of the shaft is achieved through parallel processing steps. At the same time, the design of the switching mechanism 202 ensures seamless switching of the two ends of the shaft, thereby improving processing accuracy and work efficiency. Ultimately, through automated discharging operations, the present invention significantly reduces operational errors and human intervention in production, thereby improving overall processing accuracy and production efficiency.

[0087] The above are all preferred embodiments of the present application, and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present application. Therefore, any equivalent changes made based on the structure, shape, and principle of the present application should be included in the scope of protection of the present application.

Claims

1. A shaft processing equipment, characterized in that: include: A rotating carrier, configured to rotate periodically in a preset direction, having a plurality of clamping units evenly distributed around the circumference thereof, each clamping unit being configured to clamp one end of the shaft and expose the other end of the shaft to one side of the rotating carrier; A plurality of working stations are sequentially arranged on the periphery of the rotating carrier along the rotation direction of the rotating carrier, including at least a first processing station, a turning station and a second processing station: The first processing station is provided with at least one set of radially movable tool assemblies configured to perform a first processing on the exposed end of the shaft member; The turning station is provided with a turning mechanism configured to remove the shaft from the clamping unit and turn its two ends before repositioning it to the clamping unit so that the original clamping end is exposed; The second processing station is provided with at least one set of radially movable tool assemblies, configured to perform secondary processing on the exposed end of the rotated shaft; The periodic rotation of the rotary carrier drives the clamping unit to stop at a plurality of working stations in sequence.

2. The shaft processing equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The multiple workstations also include: a loading station, arranged upstream of the first processing station along the rotation direction of the rotary carrier, and provided with a loading mechanism, wherein the loading mechanism is configured to transport the shaft to be processed to the clamping unit of the rotary carrier; The discharge station is arranged downstream of the second processing station along the rotation direction of the rotating carrier and is provided with a receiving unit. The receiving unit is configured to receive the shaft released from the clamping unit after the secondary processing is completed.

3. The shaft processing equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that: The rotating carrier includes a driving end and a rotating working end, wherein the rotating working end is an annular structure with a fixed support member provided on its periphery; The plurality of working stations are fixedly arranged on the fixed support member in sequence along the rotation direction and maintain a preset distance from the rotating working end to adapt to the working position of the exposed end of the shaft.

4. The shaft processing equipment according to claim 3, characterized in that: Also includes: A frame, constituting a supporting body of the shaft processing equipment; The fixed support member includes an annular support block with a notch in the center, which is fixedly connected to the frame, has an annular notch in the center adapted to the rotating carrier, and various working stations are provided on the outer edge; A drive assembly, integrated into the annular support block, comprises: a main drive shaft, driven by a power source and extending radially along the annular support block, with a drive gear provided at its output end; an annular transmission gear disc, meshing with the driving gear and extending around the periphery of the rotating carrier and covering all working stations; Multiple driven transmission units are respectively arranged at each working station, connected to the annular transmission gear disc, and respectively drive the radial feed of the tool assembly of the first processing station, the turning mechanism of the turning station to perform the extraction-turning action, and the loading mechanism of the loading station to push the shaft.

5. The shaft processing equipment according to claim 4, characterized in that: The rotating working end of the rotating carrier is a vertically arranged disc-shaped structure, and the clamping units are distributed circumferentially on the disc surface; The discharge station is located in the bottom area of ​​the disc-shaped structure.

6. The shaft processing equipment according to claim 5, characterized in that: The switching mechanism includes: a clamping unit configured to clamp and remove the shaft from the clamping unit in the turning station; A linkage drive module includes a first cam assembly and a second cam assembly arranged coaxially, wherein the first cam assembly and the second cam assembly are synchronously driven by a drive unit of the switching station; a horizontal moving unit, drivingly connected to the first cam assembly, and configured to drive the clamping unit to move horizontally in a direction away from or toward the clamping unit in the turning station under the drive of the first cam assembly; The turning drive unit is connected to the second cam assembly and is configured so that when the clamping unit is away from the clamping unit in the turning station, the two ends of the driving shaft are turned 180 degrees under the drive of the second cam assembly. The phase difference between the first cam assembly and the second cam assembly is configured to control the timing matching of the horizontal movement and the rotation action.

7. The shaft processing equipment according to claim 6, characterized in that: The tool assembly of the first processing station and the second processing station includes: A radial drive module is connected to the drive assembly via a tool cam assembly. The tool cam assembly includes a camshaft and a cam provided on the camshaft. One end of the camshaft is provided with a gear set. The transmission gear set is engaged with an annular transmission gear disc to receive power input. The tool holder module is connected to the cam through a linkage mechanism and is configured to move radially along the rotating carrier under the rotation drive of the cam, driving the tool to perform an advance or retract action.

8. The shaft processing equipment according to any one of claims 2 to 7, characterized in that: It also includes a pushing mechanism, which includes: A follower pushing unit is provided on the inner side of the rotating carrier, and includes a plurality of pushing sliders corresponding to the clamping units one by one, each pushing slider being slidably mounted in a radial slot of the rotating carrier, and the sliding direction is aligned with the axis of the corresponding clamping unit; A fixed push-pull mechanism, comprising a first push-pull unit, fixedly arranged at the discharge station inside the rotating carrier, comprising a push-pull member and a mechanical linkage portion; The push-pull member is configured to drive the push slider to move outward along the radial sliding groove through mechanical contact, so as to push the shaft member out of the clamping unit and reset it.

9. The shaft processing equipment according to claim 8, characterized in that: The fixed push-pull mechanism further includes a second push-pull unit fixedly disposed at the turning station inside the rotating carrier, including a push-pull member and a mechanical linkage portion; The push-pull member is configured to drive the push slider to move outward along the radial sliding groove through mechanical contact, so as to push the shaft member out of the clamping unit and reset it.

10. A shaft processing method, characterized in that: Processing is performed using the shaft processing equipment according to any one of claims 1 to 9, The following steps are involved: S1: driving the rotary carrier to intermittently rotate at a preset angle so that each clamping unit is aligned with the tool assembly on the first processing station, the turning station, and the tool assembly on the second processing station in sequence; S2: When the clamping unit rotates with the rotating carrier to an initial clamping position upstream of the first processing station, one end of the shaft is fixed in the clamping unit so that the other end of the shaft is exposed on the radial side of the rotating carrier; S3: Parallel processing steps: When any clamping unit rotates to the first processing station, the tool assembly of the first processing station performs the first processing on the exposed end thereof; When any clamping unit rotates to the turning station, the shaft is pulled out through the turning mechanism and its two ends are turned and then clamped again so that the original clamping end is exposed; When any clamping unit rotates to the second processing station, the tool assembly of the second processing station performs secondary processing on the rotated exposed end; When any clamping unit rotates to the downstream of the second processing station, the processed shaft is released to complete the discharge of the shaft; S4: The clamping unit that has completed the discharge rotates with the rotating carrier to the initial clamping position, re-clamps the new shaft, and enters the next processing cycle.

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