An automatic elevator component safety detection device

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of elevator assembly performance testing technology, specifically proposing an automatic safety testing device for elevator components. The device includes a testing platform, a linkage frame horizontally slidably mounted on the testing platform, a vertical test component mounted on the linkage frame, and a horizontal test component mounted on the linkage frame. The vertical test component includes two vertically opposite test components and a transposition component mounted between the two test components. The device provided by this invention can test the safety strength of elevator landing doors. The testing platform can be used to fix the elevator landing door to be tested, and it can perform comprehensive testing of the elevator landing door under both vertical and horizontal force application directions, including multiple individual tests. This improves the comprehensiveness and operability of the test, as well as the standardization and uniformity of the test, ensuring the accuracy and reliability of the test results.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of elevator assembly performance testing technology, and specifically proposes an automatic safety testing device for elevator components. Background Technology

[0002] Elevator landing doors, also known as elevator hall doors, are doors installed at the elevator shaft entrance on each floor of a building and are an important component of the elevator system. The primary function of elevator landing doors is to separate the elevator shaft from the floor passageways, remaining closed until the elevator reaches the designated floor to ensure passenger safety.

[0003] Elevator landing doors inevitably experience external impacts during use. Therefore, they must possess a certain level of safety strength to prevent permanent deformation or damage from these impacts, ensuring safety and extending their service life. It is necessary to test the safety strength of the elevator landing doors themselves. This testing can include vertical and horizontal force applications. Vertical force applications assess the door's vertical load-bearing capacity, while horizontal force applications test its strength against horizontal lateral impacts. Specifically, vertical force applications involve applying force downwards from the top of the door panel. Force testing includes bottom-up force testing, while horizontal force testing includes static horizontal force testing simulating lateral compression of the door leaf and dynamic horizontal force testing simulating lateral impact of the door leaf. It includes at least the above four individual tests. In the existing testing process, the following problems often exist: 1. When applying force to the elevator landing door, generally only the bottom of the door frame is fixed to the ground, and the door frame is not installed and fixed in an overall and all-round manner. This is quite different from the actual installation state, and the fixing state is not good, which causes the test results to differ from the actual situation and is easy to misjudge the overall safety strength of the elevator landing door.

[0004] 2. The testing equipment is simple and generally can only perform single tests, lacking comprehensive testing capabilities and not suitable for multiple rapid tests. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the aforementioned problems, the present invention provides an automatic safety detection device for elevator components, which solves the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention employs the following technical solution: an automatic safety detection device for elevator components, used to detect the safety of elevator landing doors, the device comprising: a detection platform; for fixing and installing the elevator landing door to be tested; a linkage frame, horizontally slidably mounted on the detection platform; and a vertical test component assembled on the linkage frame; the vertical test component includes two vertically opposite test components and a switching component assembled between the two test components; the two test components are used to perform vertical force tests on the top and bottom ends of the door leaf in the elevator landing door respectively, and the switching component is used to switch the positions of the two test components so that one of the test components... The test component is positioned in a vertical force application test position; and a horizontal test component is mounted on the linkage frame and distributed on both sides of the test table opposite to the vertical test component; the horizontal test component includes a horizontally sliding component mounted on the linkage frame, the horizontally sliding component being elastically connected to the linkage frame in the sliding direction, and the displacement end of the horizontally sliding component being fixed with a force application component that contacts the door panel; a switching component is mounted between the non-displacement end of the horizontally sliding component and the linkage frame, the switching component including a rotating sleeve and a mating shaft inserted into the rotating sleeve, and the mating shaft switching between an axially locked state and an axially sliding state when the rotating sleeve rotates.

[0007] Preferably, the linkage frame includes a first frame and a second frame distributed on both sides of the testing table, and a plurality of horizontal shafts that slide horizontally with the testing table are fixedly connected between the first frame and the second frame; the vertical test piece is assembled on the first frame; and the horizontal test piece is assembled on the second frame.

[0008] Preferably, the testing component includes a vertically driven connecting guide plate, on which a sliding base plate is slidably mounted along the horizontal axis sliding direction. A first sensor for detecting vertical force is vertically fixed on the sliding base plate, and a force-applying plate for contacting the top or bottom of the door leaf is horizontally fixed at the other end of the first sensor. The sliding base plate is driven to slide by a displacement component.

[0009] Preferably, the transposition component includes a splined shaft that is vertically rotatably mounted on the first frame, and two drive shaft sleeves that are slidably mounted on the splined shaft and correspond one-to-one with the two test components; a connecting rod is hinged to the drive shaft sleeve, and the other end of the connecting rod is hinged to the sliding base plate in the corresponding test component.

[0010] Preferably, the transverse movement assembly includes a horizontal guide rail and a displacement seat that moves along the horizontal guide rail; the horizontal guide rail is arranged perpendicular to the transverse axis; at least one horizontal guide post that slides with the second frame is fixed on the horizontal guide rail; the force application component is fixed on the displacement seat; and the switching assembly is assembled between the horizontal guide rail and the second frame.

[0011] Preferably, the switching assembly further includes an electric turntable horizontally fixed on a horizontal guide rail and a horizontally fixed hydraulic cylinder on a second frame; the rotating sleeve is fixed on the surface of the electric turntable, and the docking shaft is fixed at the output end of the horizontally fixed hydraulic cylinder.

[0012] Preferably, the force-applying component includes a second sensor fixed on the displacement seat for detecting horizontal force, and a force-applying block is fixed on the second sensor.

[0013] Preferably, the rotating sleeve has a sliding groove along the axial direction for sliding engagement with the docking shaft, and a docking groove is formed at one end of the sliding groove near the electric turntable; a locking tongue that engages with the docking groove is fixed on the docking shaft, and the locking tongue is located in the docking groove when the docking shaft and the rotating sleeve are locked in the axial direction.

[0014] Preferably, a spring is fitted on the horizontal guide post, and the two ends of the spring are fixed to the horizontal guide rail and the second frame, respectively.

[0015] The above technical solution has the following advantages or beneficial effects: This invention provides an automatic safety testing device for elevator components, which can test the safety strength of elevator landing doors. The elevator landing door to be tested can be fixedly installed on the set testing platform, which can simulate the safety and reliability of the elevator landing door under actual use. By integrating and assembling vertical and horizontal test pieces on the linkage frame, the elevator landing door can be comprehensively tested in both vertical and horizontal force directions, including multiple individual tests. This improves the comprehensiveness and operability of the test, as well as the standardization and uniformity of the test, and ensures the accuracy and reliability of the test results. Attached Figure Description

[0016] The invention, its features, shape, and advantages will become more apparent from the following detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings. Like reference numerals denote like parts throughout the drawings, which are not intentionally drawn to scale; the focus is on illustrating the spirit of the invention.

[0017] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of an automatic safety detection device for elevator components provided by the present invention.

[0018] Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of an automatic safety detection device for elevator components provided by the present invention, viewed from another perspective.

[0019] Figure 3 It is a diagram showing the relative positional relationship between the assembly structure of the vertical and horizontal test pieces on the linkage frame and the elevator landing door to be tested.

[0020] Figure 4 This is a 3D structural diagram of the elevator landing door.

[0021] Figure 5 It is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the vertical test piece assembled on frame number one.

[0022] Figure 6 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the horizontal test piece assembled on frame number two.

[0023] Figure 7 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the rotating sleeve.

[0024] Figure 8 This is a 3D structural diagram of the docking shaft.

[0025] In the diagram: 01, Elevator landing door; 011, Door frame; 012, Door leaf; 1, Testing platform; 2, Linkage frame; 21, Horizontal axis; 22, Frame 1; 23, Frame 2; 3, Vertical test piece; 31, Test assembly; 311, Vertical hydraulic cylinder; 312, Connecting guide plate; 313, Sliding base plate; 314, Sensor 1; 315, Force plate; 316, Vertical guide column; 32, Transposition assembly; 321, Drive motor; 322. Splined shaft; 323, drive shaft sleeve; 324, connecting rod; 4, horizontal test piece; 41, transverse movement assembly; 411, horizontal guide rail; 412, displacement seat; 413, horizontal guide post; 42, switching assembly; 421, electric turntable; 422, rotating sleeve; 423, docking groove; 424, transverse hydraulic cylinder; 425, docking shaft; 426, locking tongue; 43, spring; 44, force application component; 441, second sensor; 442, force application block. Detailed Implementation

[0026] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0027] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0028] An automatic safety detection device for elevator components is used to detect the safety of elevator landing door 01, such as... Figure 4 As shown in the figure, only the main structure including the door frame 011 and door leaf 012 is shown. Other components such as the door lock and door opener should also be included, but are not shown in the figure. Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, the testing device includes a testing platform 1 for fixing the elevator landing door 01 to be tested. The testing platform 1 is used to simulate the wall used for fixing the elevator landing door 01 in an actual building. The testing platform 1 can be a pure welded steel frame structure or a reinforced concrete pouring structure. In this embodiment, in order to improve the closeness of the test to reality, the testing platform 1 adopts a reinforced concrete pouring structure, specifically a wall structure with a testing operation table at the bottom.

[0029] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, a linkage frame 2 is installed on the testing platform 1. The linkage frame 2 includes a first frame 22 and a second frame 23. Two horizontal shafts 21 are horizontally welded between the first frame 22 and the second frame 23. One wall of the testing platform 1 has a wall groove for the integral embedded fixed installation of the elevator landing door 01. All fixing points of the door frame 011 in the elevator landing door 01 can be fixed in the wall groove, which can fix the elevator landing door 01 in an integral and all-round fixed installation. The wall groove is reserved to expose two The window of door leaf 012, frame 22 is located on the side of the wall of the testing table 1 with a wall groove, and frame 23 is located on the other side of the wall of the testing table 1. Two horizontal shafts 21 are horizontally slidably installed on the testing table 1 through sliding sleeves, and the two horizontal shafts 21 pass under the operating table surface of the testing table 1. A hydraulic cylinder is also horizontally fixed under the operating table surface, and the output end of the hydraulic cylinder is fixed to frame 22 or frame 23 by bolts. The hydraulic cylinder drives the linkage frame 2 to move horizontally as a whole.

[0030] like Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, a vertical test piece 3 for applying vertical force to the door leaf 012 is mounted on the first frame 22. The vertical test piece 3 includes two test components 31 and a switching component 32 mounted between the two test components 31. The two test components 31 are used to perform vertical force test on the top and bottom of the door leaf 012 in the elevator landing door 01, respectively. The switching component 32 is used to switch the positions of the two test components 31 so that one of the test components 31 is in the vertical force test position.

[0031] like Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 5As shown, both test components 31 are mounted on the first frame 22 and arranged vertically opposite each other. Here, the test component 31 located above is used as an example. Test component 31 includes a vertically mounted hydraulic cylinder 311 that is vertically fixed to the top of the first frame 22 by bolts. A connecting guide plate 312 is horizontally welded to the output end of the vertically mounted hydraulic cylinder 311. A sliding base plate 313 is slidably mounted on the connecting guide plate 312 along the sliding direction of the horizontal axis 21. A first sensor 314 for detecting vertical force is vertically fixed to the sliding base plate 313 by bolts. A force application plate 315 is horizontally fixed to the other end of the first sensor 314 by bolts. Two guide rods that slide in cooperation with the sliding base plate 313 are vertically welded on the force application plate 315. The test component 31 located above is used to apply downward pressure to the top of the door leaf 012, while the test component 31 located below is used to apply upward thrust to the bottom of the door leaf 012. In this embodiment, the first sensor 314 is an inductive pressure sensor that can generate force compression.

[0032] like Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 5 As shown, the transposition assembly 32 includes a drive motor 321 that is vertically fixed to the top of the first frame 22 by bolts. A spline shaft 322 is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the drive motor 321, and the spline shaft 322 is vertically rotatably mounted on the first frame 22 through bearings. Two drive shaft sleeves 323 that are slidably fitted on the spline shaft 322 and correspond one-to-one with the two test assemblies 31 are installed on the spline shaft 322. A connecting rod 324 is hinged to the drive shaft sleeve 323, and the other end of the connecting rod 324 is hinged to the sliding base plate 313 in the corresponding test assembly 31.

[0033] like Figure 1 , Figure 3 , Figure 6 , Figure 7 and Figure 8As shown, a horizontal test piece 4 for applying a horizontal force to the door leaf 012 is mounted on the second frame 23. The horizontal test piece 4 includes a transverse movement assembly 41, which includes a horizontal guide rail 411 arranged axially perpendicular to the horizontal axis 21 and a displacement seat 412 that moves along the horizontal guide rail 411. The displacement seat 412 can be manually driven and adjusted by mounting a lead screw on the horizontal guide rail 411. Two horizontal guide posts 413 that slide in cooperation with the second frame 23 are welded on the horizontal guide rail 411. Springs 43 are sleeved on the horizontal guide posts 413, and the two ends of the springs 43 are respectively welded to the horizontal guide rail 411 and the second frame 23. A force application component 44 is mounted on the displacement seat 412. The force application component 44 includes a second sensor 441 that is fixed to the displacement seat 412 by bolts and a force application block 442 that is fixed to the force-bearing end of the second sensor 441. The second sensor 441 is an existing pressure sensor. A switching assembly 42 is installed between the horizontal guide rail 411 and the second frame 23. The switching assembly 42 includes an electric turntable 421 horizontally fixed to the horizontal guide rail 411 by bolts and a horizontally fixed hydraulic cylinder 424 horizontally fixed to the second frame 23 by bolts. A rotating sleeve 422 is coaxially welded to the surface of the electric turntable 421. A docking shaft 425 is welded to the output end of the horizontally fixed hydraulic cylinder 424. A sliding groove is formed along the axial direction on the rotating sleeve 422. A docking groove 423 is formed at one end of the sliding groove near the electric turntable 421. Shaft 425 is inserted into sliding groove, and locking tongue 426 that mates with docking groove 423 is welded on docking shaft 425. Electric turntable 421 drives rotating sleeve 422 to rotate. When rotating sleeve 422 rotates until locking tongue 426 moves out of docking groove 423, rotating sleeve 422 can slide freely relative to docking shaft 425. When locking tongue 426 is in docking groove 423, docking shaft 425 is axially locked relative to rotating sleeve 422. Therefore, docking shaft 425 and rotating sleeve 422 can switch between axially locked state and axially sliding state.

[0034] This invention provides an automatic safety testing device for elevator components, which can perform comprehensive strength tests on elevator landing doors 01 under vertical and horizontal forces in simulated actual use conditions to detect whether the manufactured elevator landing doors 01 meet the corresponding safety strength standards.

[0035] Before testing, several elevator landing doors 01 can be randomly selected from the assembled elevators as test samples. One of these elevator landing doors 01 is then fixed to the testing platform 1 according to the actual installation standards, awaiting testing. Both door panels 012 remain closed and locked. During actual testing, vertical and horizontal force tests can be performed. The vertical force test includes top and bottom force tests, while the horizontal force test includes static and dynamic horizontal force tests, totaling four individual tests. These four individual tests are conducted independently and in no particular order. If a single test is passed, the tested elevator landing door 01 can continue to be used as a test sample for subsequent individual tests. If a single test fails, the test is terminated, and the elevator landing door 01 used for testing is scrapped. A new elevator landing door 01 needs to be installed on the testing platform 1 for subsequent tests. The testing process for each of the four individual tests is described below:

[0036] Top Force Test

[0037] By moving the linkage frame 2, the vertical test piece 3 moves closer to the elevator landing door 01 to be tested along with the second frame 23. Then, the drive motor 321 drives the spline shaft 322 to rotate, causing the spline shaft 322 to push the sliding base plate 313 of the upper test assembly 31 towards the elevator landing door 01 via the upper drive sleeve and connecting rod 324. This causes the force plate 315 to be inserted into the gap between the top of the door frame 011 and the top of the two door leaves 012. Subsequently, the vertical hydraulic cylinder 311 is activated to drive the connecting guide plate 312 to move vertically downward, thereby pressing the force plate 315 down onto the top of the two door leaves 012. The vertical hydraulic cylinder 311 continuously applies pressure to gradually increase the vertically applied pressure. 314 can monitor and feedback the vertical pressure in real time. When the pressure is continuously applied until it is basically the same as the design pressure that the top of the elevator door 01 can withstand, the vertical hydraulic cylinder stops applying pressure and holds the pressure according to the test time standard. During the continuous pressure application, if the sliding plate of the door leaf 012 and the door frame 011 and other structures suffer destructive damage such as breakage, the test will be terminated. After the pressure is held, the pressure is released and the door leaf 012 is allowed to recover its deformation. If the deformation of the door leaf 012 can be restored to the normal state and no obvious residual deformation is observed, and the door leaf 012 can be closed or slid normally, then the safety strength standard under the top force test is met. If the door leaf 012 undergoes permanent deformation such as plastic deformation, the elevator door leaf 012 does not meet the corresponding standard.

[0038] Bottom force test

[0039] The bottom force test and the top force test are basically the same in terms of process and verification standards, and will not be repeated here. You can refer to the top force test process and test result analysis. The difference is that when conducting the bottom force test, the force plate 315 in the test component 31 at the lower position can be extended into the gap between the frame and the two door leaves 012 by switching the position component 32, and the force plate 315 can apply force to the bottom of the two door leaves 012 synchronously.

[0040] Static horizontal force test

[0041] By moving the linkage frame 2, the horizontal test piece 4 is brought closer to the elevator door 01 to be tested along with the second frame 23, positioning the horizontal test piece 4 at a suitable testing distance. Then, by rotating the rotating sleeve 422, it can slide relative to the docking shaft 425. Next, the linkage frame 2 further moves the horizontal test piece 4 closer to the door leaf 012, causing the force application block 442 to contact the position between the two door leaves 012. With continued movement, the spring 43 contracts, and the lateral movement component 41 slides closer to the second frame 23, causing the force application block 442 to move towards the two door leaves 012. A horizontal thrust is applied between the two door panels 012 and gradually increases as the load moves. Sensor 441 monitors and provides feedback on the magnitude of the horizontal thrust in real time. When the monitored thrust reaches the thrust value required for the test, the movement of the linkage frame 2 stops, and the force is applied continuously for a period of time. During this process, the deformation state of the two door panels 012 is observed. After the continuous force is released, the deformation of the door panels 012 is allowed to recover. If the deformation of the door panels 012 is basically recovered, and the two door panels 012 can slide and lock normally, then the elevator landing door 01 meets the safety strength standard under static horizontal force. If the door panels 012 show permanent deformation, then it does not meet the corresponding standard.

[0042] Dynamic horizontal force test

[0043] By switching the rotating sleeve 422, the locking tongue 426 is positioned in the docking groove 423, and the docking shaft 425 and the rotating sleeve 422 are axially locked. Subsequently, the horizontal hydraulic cylinder 424 is activated, causing the docking shaft 425 to indirectly pull the horizontal guide rail 411 through the rotating sleeve 422, bringing the horizontal guide rail 411 closer to the second frame 23. The spring 43 is continuously compressed and stores elastic potential energy. When the output end of the horizontal hydraulic cylinder 424 is fully contracted, the elastic potential energy of the spring 43 is at its maximum, and the impact kinetic energy generated by the force-applying block 442 after release is also at its maximum. Subsequently, the distance between the force-applying block 442 and the door leaf 012 can be adjusted by moving the linkage frame 2 to adjust the impact force when the force-applying block 442 collides with the door leaf 012. Before the actual test, the distance to the position where the rated impact force can be tested is known, so the device can be moved directly to the corresponding distance position. When in the test position, the rotation of the rotating sleeve 422 switches the axial locking state between the docking shaft 425 and the rotating sleeve 422 to a relatively sliding state. The rotating sleeve 422 is released, and the elastic potential energy of the spring 43 is converted into the kinetic energy of the impact between the force block 442 and the door leaf 012 to simulate the strength of the door leaf 012 when it is subjected to a sudden impact in actual use. When the door leaf 012 does not show obvious deformation and can be closed and locked normally, it means that the elevator landing door 01 meets the safety strength standard under dynamic horizontal force test. When the door frame 011 and the door leaf 012 show damaging deformation, they do not meet the corresponding standard.

[0044] It should be added here that, during the horizontal force application test, if the two door leaves 012 meet the corresponding safety strength standards when applied horizontally at the same time, a supplementary test can be performed. The displacement seat 412 is moved along the horizontal guide rail 411 to adjust the force application position of the force application block 442 so that the force application block 442 only acts on one side of the door leaf 012, in order to test the safety strength status of the door leaf 012 under horizontal force on one side.

[0045] This invention provides an automatic safety testing device for elevator components, which can test the safety strength of elevator landing doors 01. The elevator landing door 01 to be tested can be fixedly installed on the testing platform 1, which can simulate the safety and reliability of the elevator landing door 01 under actual use. By integrating and assembling vertical test pieces 3 and horizontal test pieces 4 on the linkage frame 2, the elevator landing door 01 can be comprehensively tested in both vertical and horizontal force directions, including multiple individual tests. This improves the comprehensiveness and operability of the test, as well as the standardization and uniformity of the test, and ensures the accuracy and reliability of the test results.

[0046] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," and "circumferential" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0047] In the description of this invention, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "set," "connected," "installed," and "linked" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0048] The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described above. It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, and the devices and structures not described in detail should be understood as being implemented in a manner common to the art; any possible variations and modifications made by those skilled in the art without departing from the technical solution of the present invention, or equivalent embodiments with equivalent changes, do not affect the essential content of the present invention. Therefore, any simple modifications, equivalent changes, and modifications made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the content of the technical solution of the present invention still fall within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. An automatic detection device for elevator component safety for detecting safety of an elevator landing door, characterized by, The device comprises: a detection table for fixedly mounting an elevator landing door to be detected; a linkage frame horizontally slidingly mounted on the detection table; a vertical test piece assembled on the linkage frame; the vertical test piece comprises two vertically opposite test assemblies and a transposition assembly assembled between the two test assemblies; the two test assemblies are respectively used for vertical force test on the top end and the bottom end of a door leaf in the elevator landing door, and the transposition assembly is used for switching the positions of the two test assemblies so that one of the test assemblies is in a vertical force test position; and a horizontal test piece assembled on the linkage frame and oppositely distributed on both sides of the detection table relative to the vertical test piece; the horizontal test piece comprises a horizontal slidingly mounted horizontal moving assembly between the linkage frame and the horizontal moving assembly in the sliding direction; the linkage frame comprises a first frame and a second frame distributed on both sides of the detection table; a plurality of horizontal shafts slidingly matched with the detection table are fixedly connected between the first frame and the second frame; the vertical test piece is assembled on the first frame; and the horizontal test piece is assembled on the second frame; the horizontal moving assembly comprises a horizontal guide rail and a displacement seat movably arranged along the horizontal guide rail; the horizontal guide rail is vertically arranged relative to the horizontal shafts in the axial direction; at least one horizontal guide column slidingly matched with the second frame is fixed on the horizontal guide rail; a force applying component is fixed on the displacement seat; a switching assembly is assembled between the horizontal guide rail and the second frame; the displacement seat is fixed with the force applying component; and the horizontal guide rail and the second frame are assembled with the switching assembly; the switching assembly comprises a rotating sleeve and a butt joint shaft insertedly matched in the rotating sleeve; under the rotation of the rotating sleeve, the butt joint shaft and the rotating sleeve are switched between an axial locking state and an axial sliding state.

2. An automatic elevator component safety detection device according to claim 1, wherein: the test assembly comprises a connecting guide plate vertically driven; a sliding base plate is slidingly matched and installed on the connecting guide plate along the sliding direction of the horizontal shaft; a first sensor for detecting vertical force is vertically fixed on the sliding base plate; and a force applying plate for contacting the top end or the bottom end of the door leaf is horizontally fixed at the other end of the first sensor; the sliding base plate is driven to slide by the transposition assembly.

3. An automatic elevator component safety detection apparatus according to claim 2, wherein: the transposition assembly comprises a spline shaft vertically rotatably mounted on the first frame; two driving shaft sleeves corresponding matched with the two test assemblies are slidingly matched and installed on the spline shaft; a connecting rod is hingedly connected to the driving shaft sleeve; and the other end of the connecting rod is hingedly connected to the sliding base plate in the corresponding test assembly.

4. The elevator component safety automatic detection apparatus according to claim 1, characterized by: the switching assembly further comprises a horizontal fixed electric rotating disc on the horizontal guide rail and a horizontal fixed horizontal hydraulic cylinder on the second frame; the rotating sleeve is fixed on the disc surface of the electric rotating disc; and the butt joint shaft is fixed on the output end of the horizontal hydraulic cylinder.

5. An automatic elevator component safety detection apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the force applying component comprises a second sensor for detecting horizontal force fixed on the displacement seat; and a force applying block is fixed on the second sensor.

6. An automatic elevator component safety detection apparatus as defined in claim 4, wherein: an axial sliding groove for slidingly matching the butt joint shaft is formed on the rotating sleeve; a butt joint groove is formed at one end of the sliding groove close to the electric rotating disc; a lock tongue matched with the butt joint groove is fixed on the butt joint shaft; and when the butt joint shaft and the rotating sleeve are axially locked, the lock tongue is located in the butt joint groove.

7. An automatic elevator component safety detection apparatus as defined in claim 1, wherein: a spring is correspondingly sleeved on the horizontal guide column; and the two ends of the spring are respectively fixed on the horizontal guide rail and the second frame.

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