Device and method for simulating influence process of algae growth-extinction on water quality

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of water treatment, and particularly relates to a device and method for simulating the influence process of algae growth-extinction on water quality. Comprising an algae growth-extinction simulation system used for providing an environment variable controllable simulation environment for algae growth-extinction; the monitoring system is used for recording related water quality parameters and algae parameters; and the data transmission and storage system provides data transmission and storage for monitoring of the device. The device adapts to various research requirements, can simulate different environmental factors or water environments in the eutrophication stage by adjusting parameters such as illumination, temperature, algae species and disturbance, and is suitable for various scenes.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of water treatment, and in particular to a device and method for simulating the process of algae growth and extinction affecting water quality. Background Art

[0002] The description of the background technology in the present invention belongs to the related technology related to the present invention and is only used to illustrate and facilitate the understanding of the invention content of the present invention. It should not be understood that the applicant explicitly believes or infers that the applicant believes that it is the prior art of the present invention on the filing date of the first application.

[0003] Eutrophication and harmful algal blooms are the main environmental problems facing lakes. During algal blooms, large amounts of algae dominate, and the original aquatic plants gradually lose out in the competition, causing the lake to transform from a grass-type lake to an algae-type lake. The lake's original ecological functions, such as ecological regulation and water purification, are significantly lost, and the balance of the ecosystem is further disrupted. In addition, after the end of its life cycle, algae decompose and release large amounts of organic matter, which exacerbates the accumulation of organic pollutants in the lake sediments. It also leads to the recycling and release of nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus in the sediments, further promoting the vicious cycle of eutrophication. The key to reversing eutrophication lies in reducing the input of exogenous nutrients and strengthening the control of endogenous pollution in lakes.

[0004] In recent years, despite relatively good external water quality, some lakes have faced persistently high water quality indicators such as the permanganate index, total phosphorus, and total nitrogen, and eutrophication has not been effectively alleviated. Against this backdrop, the release, migration, and transformation of endogenous pollutants have gradually gained attention, with research specifically examining the contribution of algal pollutants (organic matter, phosphorus, and nitrogen). However, this research still faces some methodological challenges, primarily in the experimental setup and methods, as detailed below:

[0005] 1. On-site in-situ tests are difficult. Natural water bodies are open and complex systems. The complexity and variability of external human factors (active sewage discharge, water navigation disturbance, etc.) and natural factors (release of re-suspended pollutants in sediment caused by wind and wave disturbance, and dilution by rainfall) make it impossible for researchers to identify and quantify the contribution of various influencing factors. As a result, the impact of algae growth and extinction on water quality and its mechanism are difficult to accurately analyze under natural conditions. In addition, on-site in-situ tests have extremely high human and material costs, and when conducting on-site in-situ tests, researchers are at risk of drowning, making personal safety difficult to ensure.

[0006] 2. Other devices have drawbacks. One study used a single open plexiglass tank to simulate the natural extinction and decomposition process of cyanobacteria (Guo Xiya et al., 2024). This method has problems such as large footprint and repeated sampling causing changes in controlled variables. Another study used different control experimental columns for cultivation experiments (Li Changjie, 2023). This method, to a certain extent, avoided the problems of repeated sampling in a single tank causing changes in controlled variables (water volume, incomplete mixing, etc.). However, its simple structure made it impossible to control key environmental variables during the experiment, nor could it achieve real-time monitoring of key indicators and parameters during the experiment. This made it impossible for researchers to conduct mechanistic research on the algal growth-extinction process, nor could it meet the requirements for kinetic simulation and prediction of the impact of algal growth-extinction on water quality. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of the embodiments of the present invention is to provide a device and method for simulating the process of algae growth and extinction affecting water quality, which is used to quantitatively study the impact of algae growth and extinction on nutrients and organic matter in water bodies.

[0008] A device for simulating the process of algae growth and extinction affecting water quality, comprising:

[0009] Algae growth-extinction simulation system, used to provide a simulation environment with controllable environmental variables for algae growth-extinction;

[0010] Monitoring and surveillance system, used to record relevant water quality parameters and algae parameters;

[0011] The data transmission and storage system provides data transmission and storage for device monitoring.

[0012] Furthermore, the algae growth-extinction simulation system includes:

[0013] (1) Water tank unit: It consists of a heater, a semiconductor cooler, and a water circulation device. The heater, semiconductor cooler, and water circulation device are integrated on the opposite walls of the water tank respectively;

[0014] (2) Columnar experimental unit: Made of transparent acrylic material, each unit is evenly arranged in the water tank, maintaining equal spacing and consistent axial direction, and sampling ports are set at different heights on its side;

[0015] (3) Light control unit: It consists of a light shield with a pure black light-absorbing felt, a full-spectrum LED light source, and an automatically controlled switching power supply. The light shield with a pure black light-absorbing felt is covered on the upper wall and side wall of the light-shielding experimental group of the water tank. The full-spectrum LED light source is fixed 20 cm above the top of the light experimental group of the water tank through an adjustable bracket.

[0016] (4) Electromagnetic wave-making unit: It consists of a rotating impeller blade and an external electromagnetic field. The rotating impeller blade is rigidly connected to the center of the bottom of the cylindrical experimental unit through a stainless steel shaft. Its axis coincides with the geometric center of the water tank. The external electromagnetic field is symmetrically distributed on the outside of the front and rear ends of the water tank.

[0017] (5) Aeration unit: It consists of a stainless steel bubble refiner with a pore size of 0.5 μm, a stainless steel air guide tube, a fixed bracket and a flow control valve. The stainless steel bubble refiner is vertically installed at the bottom of the inner wall of the columnar experimental unit, with its microporous diffusion surface facing upward and parallel to the bottom surface. The stainless steel air guide tube extends along the inner side of the column wall to the air inlet of the refiner.

[0018] Furthermore, the monitoring system includes:

[0019] (1) Water quality monitoring module, whose integrated probe is located in the upper middle part of the side wall of the columnar experimental unit, and the height of the sensitive end from the top of the column is 1 / 3 of the total water depth;

[0020] (2) Biochemical reaction respiratory metabolism measurement module: It consists of a multi-channel fluorescent fiber optic oxygen measurement host and sensor, a static respiratory chamber, analysis software and a water environment control module, and runs vertically through the middle of the columnar experimental unit;

[0021] (3) Algae density online monitoring module: It consists of an online algae density sensor and is deployed on the same side wall of the columnar experimental unit in a co-located integrated manner with the water quality automatic monitoring module;

[0022] (4) Hyperspectral imaging recording module: It consists of an extension rod and a hyperspectral lens. The extension rod is fixed at the center of the lower part of the water tank. The rod body extends vertically upward to 10 cm above the water surface. The end is equipped with a hyperspectral lens. Its optical axis coincides with the normal of the water surface, and the field of view covers the entire area of ​​the cylindrical experimental unit.

[0023] Furthermore, the water bath is made of organic glass and is equipped with a heater, a semiconductor cooler, and a water circulation device that can precisely control the temperature, so as to simulate different water temperature conditions in the natural environment or control the water temperature within the target temperature range for the intended research.

[0024] Multiple cylindrical experimental units, each with a diameter of 10 cm, a height of 50 cm, and a volume of 2.8 L;

[0025] The light control unit includes a light shield with a pure black light-absorbing felt and a full-spectrum LED light source. The light intensity of the full-spectrum LED light source is 60-200 μmol·m - ·s - 1. And automatic control switching power supply;

[0026] Aeration unit, including a stainless steel bubble refiner with a pore size of 0.5 μm, a stainless steel air guide pipe, a fixing bracket, and a flow regulating valve;

[0027] The electromagnetic wave-generating unit, consisting of rotating impeller blades and an applied electromagnetic field, simulates the wind and wave disturbance conditions found in actual lakes by adjusting wave height, frequency, and shape parameters.

[0028] Furthermore, the automated water quality monitoring module integrates dissolved oxygen, pH, redox potential, and total dissolved solids sensors to enable real-time online monitoring and recording of water quality indicators;

[0029] The biochemical reaction respiratory metabolism measurement module consists of a multi-channel fluorescent fiber optic oxygen measurement host and sensor, a static respiratory chamber, analysis software, and a water environment control module;

[0030] The algae density online monitoring module uses an online algae density sensor and the principle of fluorescence method. It calculates the content of blue-green algae based on the fluorescence intensity released by high-energy LED excitation according to the fluorescence characteristics of specific pigments of blue-green algae in water.

[0031] The hyperspectral imaging recording module dynamically captures the quantitative changes in water color parameters during algal growth and decomposition through high-resolution spectral data, combines multi-depth in-situ sampling data to establish a machine learning model of algal density at different water depths, and simultaneously analyzes the spatial heterogeneity of the algal biomass decay rate and the dissolved organic matter release pattern during decomposition.

[0032] 6. The device for simulating the effect of algae growth and extinction on water quality according to claim 1, wherein the data transmission and storage system comprises:

[0033] Terminal: used for data collection, data transmission and execution control; the terminal is connected to various high-precision sensors and data acquisition modules; the terminal uses the TCP / IP protocol for efficient and stable communication; after receiving the control information sent by the cloud, the terminal will immediately forward these instructions to the corresponding equipment, thereby achieving precise control of the device's operating status.

[0034] Cloud: used to receive, store and process data uploaded by terminal devices;

[0035] User terminal: Provides a human-computer interaction interface for users, allowing them to easily monitor and control the device.

[0036] Furthermore, the terminal uses a programmable single-chip microcomputer, which is connected to various high-precision sensors and data acquisition modules; the specific data collected include:

[0037] Water temperature data: accurately measure the water temperature in the device;

[0038] Water level data: real-time monitoring of the water level in the device;

[0039] Water quality monitoring module data: monitor various water quality indicators;

[0040] Biochemical reaction measurement module data: in-depth analysis of the biochemical reaction process within the device;

[0041] Algae density detection module data: accurately detect the density of algae in water;

[0042] Hyperspectral imaging data: Obtain detailed image information inside the device through hyperspectral imaging technology;

[0043] The terminal uses the TCP / IP protocol to regularly package the collected data and send it to the cloud server via the network cable; the terminal will monitor the control information sent by the cloud in real time, and will respond quickly once it receives an instruction.

[0044] After receiving the control information sent by the cloud, the terminal will forward these instructions to the corresponding equipment, thereby achieving precise control of the device's operating status; the specific controlled equipment includes:

[0045] Water temperature control device: adjusts the water temperature according to cloud instructions to keep the water temperature in the device within the set range;

[0046] Water circulation device: controls the speed and direction of water circulation;

[0047] Lighting equipment: provides lighting according to the set lighting duration and intensity;

[0048] Bubble control device: adjusts the amount and frequency of bubble generation.

[0049] Furthermore, the following services are running on the cloud:

[0050] Database service: responsible for storing various data uploaded by terminals, including real-time data and historical data;

[0051] Streaming media file management service: manages streaming media files such as hyperspectral image data uploaded by terminals;

[0052] Data processing and analysis services: In-depth mining and analysis of data uploaded by terminals; through data analysis, potential problems and patterns in the operation of the device can be discovered, providing users with a scientific basis for decision-making;

[0053] Device management service: remote management and monitoring of terminal devices, including device status query, parameter setting, and software upgrade functions.

[0054] Furthermore, the user terminal provides a human-computer interaction interface for users to monitor and control. The specific functions are as follows:

[0055] Data viewing: Users can view the data collected by the terminal in real time on the interface, including water temperature, water level, and water quality information; at the same time, they can also view statistical charts and analysis reports of historical data to better understand the operating status of the device;

[0056] Parameter setting: Users can set various operating parameters of the device on the interface according to actual needs. After the setting is completed, the user end will send these parameters to the cloud, and the cloud will forward the control information to the terminal device for execution;

[0057] Alarm reception: When an abnormal situation occurs during the operation of the device, the user end will receive the alarm information in time.

[0058] A method for simulating the process of algae growth and extinction affecting water quality is implemented using the above-mentioned device and is characterized by comprising the following steps:

[0059] Collect fresh algae liquid from a depth of about 1.5m below the water surface and place it in a polyethylene bucket. Filter out large algae particles and use the remaining fresh algae liquid as the experimental reserve solution.

[0060] 80 ml of fresh algae solution was added to each of the 28 experimental columns, diluted with 2.8 L of purified water to prepare the experimental water sample, and then divided into two groups: the light-exposed group and the light-protected group.

[0061] The light intensity of the full-spectrum LED lamp was set to 200 μmol·m -2 ·s -1 , the light cycle was set to 12L / 12D, and the light-proof group was wrapped with light-proof film and light-shielding hood;

[0062] Adjust the temperature of the heating rod and turn on the water circulation device to keep the temperature in the water column at 30±1℃;

[0063] Samples were collected on days 0, 1, 3, 5, 8, 11, 14, 18, 23, 29, 36, 43, 50, 60, and 70. Before each sampling, the DO, pH, ORP, and TDS of the experimental column were measured using a YSI portable water analyzer. After sampling, TP, DTP, PO₄⁻⁻P, TN, DTN, NH₃⁻N (ammonia nitrogen), NO₃⁻N, NO₂⁻N, IMn, DOC, three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy, and UV-visible spectroscopy were measured.

[0064] The embodiments of the present invention have the following beneficial effects:

[0065] Easy to operate: The experimental device can retrieve algae liquid samples from the field and conduct experimental simulations in the laboratory. This can not only avoid interference from uncontrollable factors such as sudden weather changes and hydrological fluctuations in field operations, but also realize control experiments with different nutrient gradients and light intensity combinations through parameter presets, significantly improving the repeatability and comparability of experimental data. Especially when responding to sudden algal bloom monitoring and ecological restoration effect evaluation, the device effectively solves the bottleneck problems of traditional field experiments such as equipment transportation difficulties, multiple real-time monitoring blind spots, and high labor costs. It provides efficient and reliable technical support for algae ecology research and greatly improves convenience.

[0066] Innovation in Device Design: This invention utilizes modular design and automated control technology to achieve standardized packaging of field algal liquid samples. Relying on precision temperature control, illumination regulation, and disturbance control modules, the device accurately replicates the physical and chemical parameters of the target waters within a laboratory environment, maintaining consistent experimental conditions. Simultaneously, it utilizes an automated water quality monitoring module, a biochemical reaction and respiratory metabolism measurement module, an online algal density monitoring module, and a hyperspectral imaging module to simultaneously acquire key indicators such as water temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, and nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations in real time, ensuring the continuity and integrity of environmental factor data. This allows for quantitative analysis of algal respiration intensity and organic matter metabolic pathways, accurately reflecting the physiological status of the algal population.

[0067] Sample quantification: Algal liquid was collected 1.5 m below the water surface using a plexiglass sampler to avoid interference from surface impurities. Large algal particles were removed through a plankton filter with a pore size of ≤50 μm, and a homogenous algal liquid was retained as a stock solution. Sample volume was quantified by weighing after centrifugation to eliminate the influence of sample heterogeneity on experimental results.

[0068] Wide range of application scenarios and ecological governance value: The device is adaptable to a variety of research needs. It can simulate water environments with different environmental factors or eutrophication stages by adjusting parameters such as light, temperature, algae species, and disturbance. It is suitable for various scenarios such as lakes, reservoirs, and estuaries. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0069] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a device for simulating the process of algae growth and extinction affecting water quality, a top view;

[0070] Figure 2 This is a schematic structural diagram of a device for simulating the effect of algae growth and extinction on water quality according to the present invention - a stereoscopic diagram;

[0071] Figure 3 for Figure 2 sectional view of

[0072] Figure 4 The changes of water quality indicators during the experiment;

[0073] Figure 5 Changes in water color during the experiment;

[0074] Figure 6 This is a physical picture of the device;

[0075] Figure 7 This is a simulation experiment diagram. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0076] The present application will be further described below with reference to the embodiments.

[0077] To more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or technical solutions in the prior art, different "one embodiment" or "embodiment" in the following description do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. Different embodiments may be replaced or combined. Those skilled in the art can also derive other implementation methods based on these embodiments without inventive effort.

[0078] Combine Figure 1-3 , 6 and 7, a device for simulating the process of algae growth and extinction affecting water quality, comprising:

[0079] Algae growth-extinction simulation system, used to provide a simulation environment with controllable environmental variables for algae growth-extinction;

[0080] Monitoring and surveillance system, used to record relevant water quality parameters and algae parameters;

[0081] The data transmission and storage system provides data transmission and storage for device monitoring.

[0082] The device comprises an algae growth and extinction simulation system, a monitoring and control system, and a data transmission and storage system. 1) The algae growth and extinction simulation system includes a columnar experimental unit 5, a precise temperature control unit 6, a lighting control unit, an electromagnetic wave generator 8, and an aeration unit (pure oxygen, pure carbon dioxide, or a mixture of these gases), providing a simulated environment with controllable environmental variables for algae growth and extinction. 2) The monitoring and control system includes a water quality and physicochemical index and algae density measurement module 10, a biochemical reaction and respiratory metabolism measurement module 12, and a hyperspectral imaging recording module 9, which can be used in combination as needed to record relevant water quality and algae parameters. 3) The data transmission and storage system comprises a terminal, a cloud, and a user terminal. The terminal performs core functions such as data acquisition, data transmission, and execution control. The cloud connects to various high-precision sensors and data acquisition modules, performs data processing and management functions, and receives, stores, and processes data uploaded by terminal devices. The client provides users with an intuitive and convenient human-computer interaction interface, allowing them to easily monitor and control the device.

[0083] During and after the experiment, the data obtained, combined with statistical analysis, revealed the absorption and release patterns of nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus, as well as organic matter, during the algal growth and extinction process. The device, compact and highly scalable, can accurately and quantitatively control various natural environmental variables that influence this process, revealing the impact of the algal growth and extinction process on water quality. It is suitable for studying the contribution of algal pollutants to eutrophic lakes, providing a scientific basis for their management.

[0084] In some embodiments of the present invention, the algae growth-death simulation system includes:

[0085] (1) Water tank unit: consists of a heater, a semiconductor cooler, and a water circulation device;

[0086] (2) Columnar experimental unit 5: Made of transparent acrylic material, with sampling ports set at different heights on its side;

[0087] (3) Light control unit: It consists of a light shield 1 with a pure black light-absorbing felt, a full-spectrum LED light source 2, and an automatic control switch power supply;

[0088] (4) Electromagnetic wave-making unit 8: composed of rotating impeller blades and an external electromagnetic field;

[0089] (5) Aeration unit 11: It consists of a stainless steel bubble refiner with a pore size of 0.5 μm, a stainless steel air guide pipe, a fixed bracket and a flow control valve.

[0090] In some embodiments of the present invention, the monitoring system includes:

[0091] (1) Water quality monitoring module;

[0092] (2) Biochemical reaction respiratory metabolism measurement module 12: consists of a multi-channel fluorescent fiber optic oxygen measurement host and sensor, a static respiratory chamber, analysis software and a water environment control module;

[0093] (3) Algae density online monitoring module: composed of online algae density sensor;

[0094] (4) Hyperspectral image recording module 9: consists of an extension rod and a hyperspectral lens.

[0095] The water bath is made of organic glass and is equipped with a precisely controlled heater, semiconductor cooler, and water circulation device. It automatically turns on heating or cooling according to the experimental site conditions to accurately control the water bath temperature and ensure that the temperature inside the water bath is consistent and there is no temperature gradient. It is used to simulate different water temperature conditions in the natural environment or to control the water temperature within the target temperature range for the intended research.

[0096] Multiple columnar experimental units 5 (10 cm in diameter, 50 cm in height) with a volume of 2.8 L are designed to adjust the amount of algae solution added at a time to simulate different algae densities. They can also be set to obtain samples at different experimental end points under the same algae density and environmental conditions, avoiding changes in experimental conditions caused by water sampling in a single experimental device. The design of the size of the columnar experimental unit 5 comprehensively considers the amount of water required for sample analysis (total phosphorus, permanganate index, total nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen, total organic carbon, three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy analysis, and other indicators according to standard experimental methods), the amount of algae solution required for different algae density conditions, and the laboratory floor space, and is optimized.

[0097] The light control unit includes a light shield 1 with a pure black light-absorbing felt, a full-spectrum LED light source 2 (light intensity of 60-200 μmol·m -2 ·s -1 ) and automatically control the switching power supply. The unit can automatically close or open according to the experimental requirements to simulate different lighting conditions such as light cycles and light intensities, while ensuring air circulation between the simulation device and the outside world.

[0098] The aeration unit (pure oxygen, pure carbon dioxide, or a mixture of these gases) consists of a 0.5μm stainless steel bubble refiner, a stainless steel air guide tube, a mounting bracket, and a flow control valve. This unit can be used in conjunction with gas cylinders to replenish oxygen, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen to the columnar experimental unit 5. The bubble refiner aperture is optimized based on testing to minimize the impact of aeration evaporation on experimental conditions. This also avoids the problem of conventional aeration devices with inaccurate control of dissolved oxygen and dissolved carbon dioxide in the water, which can easily lead to clogging due to microbial attachment.

[0099] The electromagnetic wave-making unit 8, which includes rotating impeller blades and an external electromagnetic field, simulates wind and wave disturbance conditions in actual lakes by adjusting parameters such as wave height, frequency, and shape.

[0100] Monitoring module

[0101] (1) Automated water quality monitoring module, integrating dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, oxidation-reduction potential (ORP), and total dissolved solids (TDS) sensors to achieve real-time online monitoring and recording of the above water quality indicators.

[0102] (2) Biochemical Respiratory Metabolism Measurement Module 12, which consists of a multi-channel fluorescent fiber optic oxygen measurement host and sensor, a static respiration chamber, analysis software, and a water environment control module. Depending on the needs, single-channel, four-channel, eight-channel, or even higher-channel measurement systems are available to detect and measure the amount and rate of O2, CO2, and N2 released in water bodies.

[0103] (3) Algae density online monitoring module uses an online algae density sensor and the principle of fluorescence method. According to the fluorescence characteristics of specific pigments of blue-green algae in the water body, the fluorescence intensity released by high-energy LED excitation is used to calculate the content of blue-green algae. This method is efficient and fast, and can realize online real-time monitoring, playing an early warning role in the reproduction of algae.

[0104] (4) Hyperspectral imaging module 9, which dynamically captures the quantitative changes in water color parameters during algal growth and decomposition using high-resolution spectral data. Combined with multi-depth in-situ sampling data, it establishes a machine learning model for algal density at different water depths. This model simultaneously analyzes the spatial heterogeneity of algal biomass decay rates and dissolved organic matter release patterns during decomposition. The experimental system is designed to be compatible with interchangeable lens modules, allowing for flexible adaptability of the optical monitoring module under different experimental conditions.

[0105] Data transmission and storage module

[0106] To achieve intelligent management and monitoring of devices, we have built a complete system consisting of terminals, cloud, and user terminals. The following details the specifics of these three components.

[0107] (1) Terminal:

[0108] ① The terminal uses a programmable single-chip microcomputer, securely mounted on the device body, and connected to a stable power supply and network cable to ensure stable operation. The terminal has core functions such as data acquisition, data transmission, and execution control.

[0109] ② The terminal is connected to various high-precision sensors and data acquisition modules, and can collect all kinds of key data during the operation of the device in a comprehensive and real-time manner. The specific data collected includes but is not limited to:

[0110] Water temperature data: Accurately measure the water temperature in the device to provide an accurate basis for subsequent water temperature adjustment.

[0111] Water level data: Real-time monitoring of the water level inside the device to ensure that the device operates under appropriate water level conditions.

[0112] Water quality monitoring module data: monitor various water quality indicators, such as pH, dissolved oxygen, etc., in order to understand the water quality status in a timely manner.

[0113] Biochemical reaction measurement module data: In-depth analysis of the biochemical reaction process within the device to provide data support for related research and control.

[0114] Algae density detection module data: Accurately detecting the density of algae in water is of great significance for water quality assessment and ecological balance monitoring.

[0115] Hyperspectral imaging data: Through hyperspectral imaging technology, detailed image information inside the device is obtained, providing an intuitive basis for further analysis and decision-making.

[0116] Data Transmission: The terminal uses the TCP / IP protocol for efficient and stable communication. It regularly packages collected data and sends it to the cloud server via a network cable, ensuring timely and accurate data transmission. Furthermore, the terminal monitors control information sent from the cloud in real time and responds promptly upon receiving a command.

[0117] Execution control: After receiving the control information sent by the cloud, the terminal will immediately forward these instructions to the corresponding equipment, thereby achieving precise control of the device's operating status. The specific controlled equipment includes:

[0118] Water temperature control device: adjusts the water temperature according to cloud instructions to keep the water temperature in the device within the set range.

[0119] Water circulation device: controls the speed and direction of water circulation to ensure uniform and stable water quality within the device.

[0120] Lighting equipment: Provides light according to the set lighting duration and intensity to meet the needs of biological or chemical reactions within the device.

[0121] Bubble control equipment: regulates the amount and frequency of bubble generation to provide the necessary gas environment for biological or chemical reactions within the device.

[0122] Cloud

[0123] As the data processing and management center of the entire system, the cloud server undertakes the important task of receiving, storing, and processing data uploaded by terminal devices. The server runs several key services, as follows:

[0124] Database Service: Responsible for storing all types of data uploaded by terminals, including real-time and historical data. It uses an efficient database management system to ensure secure and stable data storage and provide fast data query and retrieval capabilities.

[0125] Streaming media file management service: manages streaming media files such as hyperspectral image data uploaded by terminals, including file storage, indexing, and playback functions.

[0126] Data processing and analysis services: Utilizing advanced data analysis algorithms and models, we conduct in-depth mining and analysis of data uploaded by terminals. Through data analysis, we can identify potential problems and patterns in device operation, providing users with a scientific basis for decision-making.

[0127] Device Management Service: Remotely manage and monitor terminal devices, including device status query, parameter settings, software upgrades, etc. Through the device management service, users can conveniently centrally manage and maintain terminal devices.

[0128] User side

[0129] It provides users with an intuitive and convenient human-computer interaction interface, allowing users to easily monitor and control the device. Specific functions are as follows:

[0130] Data Viewing: Users can view various data collected by the terminal in real time on the interface, including water temperature, water level, water quality and other information. At the same time, they can also view statistical charts and analysis reports of historical data to better understand the operating status of the device.

[0131] Parameter Settings: Users can set various operating parameters of the device on the interface based on their actual needs, such as water temperature, water level, water circulation speed, lighting duration, and the operating mode of the bubble device. After the settings are completed, the user terminal will send these parameters to the cloud, which will forward the control information to the terminal device for execution.

[0132] Alarm Receiving: When an abnormal situation occurs during the operation of the device, such as the water temperature is too high or the water level is too low, the user will receive an alarm message in time. The alarm message can be used to remind the user through sound, pop-up window, etc., so that the user can take timely measures to deal with it.

[0133] Through the collaborative work of the above terminals, cloud and user terminals, the system can realize intelligent management and monitoring of the device, improve the operating efficiency and stability of the device, and provide users with more convenient and efficient services.

[0134] Example 1

[0135] Impact of algae growth and disappearance on water quality in a certain lake

[0136] With the rapid development of the economy, the pollution load in a certain lake basin is constantly increasing. At the same time, the water pollution and eutrophication problems of a certain lake are becoming increasingly serious. The entire ecosystem has deviated from the healthy state of the lake, which has seriously affected the healthy and sustainable development of the local economy and society. The frequency of water blooms in a certain lake is very high, occurring almost every year, and its algae density shows obvious seasonal differences: in winter, the algae density in various lake areas is generally low, and the dominant algae at this time are Cryptophyta of the Cryptophyta; in spring, the algae density begins to rise rapidly, among which the dominant algae are Microcystis of the Cyanobacteria; May to September each year is the peak season for water blooms in a certain lake, and the dominant algae are Microcystis of the Cyanobacteria, which is also an algae species that is very prone to water blooms. This case takes the summer cyanobacteria bloom (Microcystis) in a certain lake as an example, and uses the method described in the patent to conduct an investigation and research to explore the impact of the release of nutrients and organic matter on water quality during the disappearance of cyanobacteria, and achieved good results.

[0137] Steps:

[0138] 1. Use a plexiglass sampler to collect fresh algae liquid from the water surface, place it in a polyethylene bucket, and quickly transport it back to the laboratory. In the laboratory, use a plankton net to filter out large algae particles, and the remaining fresh algae liquid is used as the experimental reserve solution. Microscopic identification of algae species shows that the genus Microcystis of the Cyanobacteria is the absolutely dominant species (over 99.0%), while other algae species such as planicystis are also present.

[0139] 2. Add 80 ml of fresh algae solution to each of the 28 experimental columns, dilute with 2.8 L of purified water to prepare the experimental water sample, and divide the columns into two groups: the light-exposed group (4) and the dark-protected group (3);

[0140] 3. Set the light intensity of full-spectrum LED lamp 3 to 200 μmol·m -2 ·s -1 , the light cycle is set to 12L / 12D, and the light-shielding group 3 uses a light-shielding film and a light shield 1 to block the light

[0141] 4. Adjust the temperature of the heating rod and turn on the water circulation device to keep the temperature in the water column at 30±1℃;

[0142] 5. Samples were tested on days 0, 1, 3, 5, 8, 11, 14, 18, 23, 29, 36, 43, 50, 60, and 70. First, the DO (dissolved oxygen), pH, ORP (oxidation-reduction potential), and TDS (total dissolved solids) of the experimental column were measured using the online monitoring module integrated in the device; then, water samples from the experimental column were taken to measure TP (total phosphorus), DTP (dissolved total phosphorus), PO4 3- -P (orthophosphate), TN (total nitrogen), DTN (dissolved total nitrogen), NH3-N (ammonia nitrogen), NO3-N (nitrate nitrogen), NO2-N (nitrite nitrogen), I Mn (permanganate index), DOC (dissolved organic carbon), three-dimensional fluorescence spectrum, UV-visible spectrum and other indicators. In this case, only the experimental results of phosphorus and organic matter are given, and the others are not repeated. Phosphorus includes: TP (total phosphorus), DTP (dissolved total phosphorus) and PO4 3- -P (orthophosphate); organic matter includes: DOC (dissolved organic matter) and I Mn (Permanganate Index).

[0143] The experimental results showed that there were significant differences in the changes of various water quality indicators between the light group 4 and the light-avoidance group 3 (the experimental results are shown in Figure 2). Figure 4 and 5 shown).

[0144] Light, to a certain extent, maintained algal growth activity, controlling the balance of phosphorus forms in the water column. Throughout the experiment, particulate phosphorus dominated the water column, maintaining a consistently high concentration (approximately 0.6 mg / L), while phosphate and dissolved phosphorus remained at lower levels (approximately 0.01 mg / L and 0.03 mg / L, respectively). This pattern suggests that in this simulated experimental system, phosphorus is primarily stored within algal particles (algal cells). Dissolved phosphorus released by algal die-off is absorbed by newly formed algae, mimicking an increase in DTP. Dissolved organic matter (DOM) experienced a cycle of increase-decrease-increase-decrease-nearly constant. Specifically, the die-off algae released organic matter into the water column, causing an increase in DOC. Under the action of degrading bacteria, this organic matter was continuously mineralized and converted into inorganic carbon, such as carbon dioxide, resulting in a decrease in DOC. During the algal recovery and growth phase, the algae assimilated CO2 to form organic matter, causing a further increase in DOC. The subsequent die-off and degradation process showed a further decrease in DOC. The comprehensive changes in phosphorus and organic matter revealed that the algae in light group 4 experienced a process of extinction-recovery-extinction-maintenance, and the balance of various forms of phosphorus was never broken during the process. Figure 5 ) shows that the water column changed color from green to yellow-green to brown-yellow to green and finally to yellow-green. During this process, algae initially floated on the surface. As the experiment progressed, some dead algae sank to the bottom and gradually degraded. In the middle of the experiment, the algae recovered and then died off, absorbing and releasing nutrients and synthesizing and releasing organic matter. At the end of the experiment, a large amount of algae debris sank to the bottom of the water.

[0145] In the light-avoidance group 3, algae photosynthesis was prevented, and growth activity could not be maintained. Microbial degradation controlled the balance of phosphorus forms in the water column. In the early stages of the experiment (days 0-11), light avoidance caused algal photosynthesis to cease, and algal cells quickly died and released intracellular dissolved organic matter such as polysaccharides and proteins. At the same time, heterotrophic bacterial activity was not fully activated, and DOC accumulated. From day 11 to 19, heterotrophic bacteria became dominant under light-free conditions, mineralizing DOC into CO2 and low-molecular-weight organic matter through hydrolysis, resulting in a decrease in DOC concentration. After 19 days, the algal organic matter was exhausted, and microbial metabolism entered the endogenous respiration stage. The DOC concentration was limited by residual refractory organic matter such as humus, reaching a dynamic equilibrium. This was different from the multi-peak fluctuations in DOC caused by the periodic recovery of algae in the light-exposed group 4, indicating that light drive is the core of the algae-organic matter cycle. In the absence of light, algae lose metabolic activity, their cell membrane integrity is disrupted, and particulate phosphorus is released into dissolved form through autolysis. DTP and phosphate accumulate rapidly during the first 30 days. Simultaneously, as microorganisms decompose the algal residue, phosphatase activity increases, promoting the mineralization of organic phosphorus into PO₄⁻¹⁻¹. After 30 days, algal particulate phosphorus is essentially released, and dissolved phosphorus concentrations are controlled by an adsorption-desorption equilibrium. Simultaneously, microbial phosphorus assimilation gradually weakens, and DTP and phosphate levels stabilize. During the initial algal death phase, large amounts of readily degradable organic matter, such as sugars and amino acids, are released. Microbial metabolism is active, leading to a fluctuating permanganate index during the first 20 days. From 20 to 36 days, readily degradable organic matter is depleted, and the oxidation efficiency of remaining refractory substances decreases. The permanganate index decreases simultaneously with DOC. After 36 days, the proportion of refractory organic matter increases, making further degradation difficult. The permanganate index stabilizes, reflecting the single organic matter degradation pathway in the light-protected group 3. During the entire experiment, the algal residues at the bottom of the light-shielded group 3 continued to settle and were not resuspended, indicating that light regulation becomes a key hub for the material circulation of aquatic systems by maintaining algal activity.

[0146] In summary, the simulation device described in this basic invention effectively simulates the impact of algae growth and degradation on water quality under different conditions (such as temperature and light). The relevant experimental results can be further explored and utilized, and corresponding experimental protocols can be developed based on actual needs, effectively applying them to the following scientific research or management decisions.

[0147] (1) Reveal the contribution of algae growth and extinction process to lake organic matter. For example, with the continuous deepening of water environment governance, the exogenous organic pollution load has been continuously reduced, and the situation that the permanganate index of rivers entering the lake is lower than the permanganate index of lake water has begun to appear in some lakes. It is generally believed that the release of organic matter from sediments is the main cause of the permanganate index of lake bodies, while the impact of algae proliferation on water quality is ignored. Based on the simulation experiment carried out by this simulation device, the accumulated experimental data can be used to develop a kinetic model of algae-derived organic matter accumulation and release and calibrate parameters, revealing the accumulation and release rate of endogenous organic matter in the lake; by simultaneously measuring algae density, permanganate index and chemical oxygen demand, the influence and contribution of algae-derived organic matter on the two indicators can be revealed.

[0148] (2) Reveal the migration and transformation process of nutrients such as phosphorus and nitrogen in lakes during the algae growth and disappearance process. For example, the dominant algae species of the genus Microcystis in the phylum Cyanobacteria can float and sink autonomously in the water column, which will inevitably cause vertical concentration differences in the water body. At the same time, under the action of wind, it can also migrate horizontally and accumulate locally in the downwind direction of the lake, especially at the lakeshore. Its disappearance and decomposition will inevitably cause significant differences in the horizontal concentration of nutrients in the lake water body, which may cause environmental management departments to mistakenly believe that land-based input is the main factor causing the concentration difference. Using this simulation device, the release and accumulation amount and rate of nutrients in the algae disappearance process can be revealed, providing data support and decision-making basis for the formulation of relevant pollution control work.

[0149] It should be noted that the above embodiments can be freely combined as needed. The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that the present invention is susceptible to various modifications and variations. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, or improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A device for simulating the process of algae growth and extinction affecting water quality, characterized in that: include: Algae growth-extinction simulation system, used to provide a simulation environment with controllable environmental variables for algae growth-extinction; Monitoring and surveillance system, used to record relevant water quality parameters and algae parameters; The data transmission and storage system provides data transmission and storage for device monitoring.

2. The device for simulating the process of algae growth and extinction affecting water quality according to claim 1, characterized in that: The algae growth-death simulation system includes: (1) Water tank unit: It consists of a heater, a semiconductor cooler, and a water circulation device. The heater, semiconductor cooler, and water circulation device are integrated on the opposite walls of the water tank respectively; (2) Columnar experimental unit: Made of transparent acrylic material, each unit is evenly arranged in the water tank, maintaining equal spacing and consistent axial direction, and sampling ports are set at different heights on its side; (3) Light control unit: It consists of a light shield with a pure black light-absorbing felt, a full-spectrum LED light source, and an automatically controlled switching power supply. The light shield with a pure black light-absorbing felt is covered on the upper wall and side wall of the light-shielding experimental group of the water tank, and the full-spectrum LED light source is fixed above the light experimental group of the water tank through an adjustable bracket; (4) Electromagnetic wave-making unit: It consists of a rotating impeller blade and an external electromagnetic field. The rotating impeller blade is connected to the center of the bottom of the cylindrical experimental unit, and the axis coincides with the geometric center of the water tank. The external electromagnetic field is symmetrically distributed on the outside of the front and rear ends of the water tank. (5) Aeration unit: It consists of a bubble refiner, a stainless steel air guide tube, a fixed bracket and a flow control valve. The bubble refiner is vertically installed at the bottom of the inner wall of the columnar experimental unit, with its microporous diffusion surface facing upward and parallel to the bottom surface. The stainless steel air guide tube extends along the inner side of the column wall to the air inlet of the refiner.

3. The device for simulating the process of algae growth and extinction affecting water quality according to claim 1, characterized in that: Monitoring and surveillance systems, including: (1) Water quality monitoring module, whose integrated probe is located in the upper middle part of the side wall of the columnar experimental unit, and the height of the sensitive end from the top of the column is 1 / 3 of the total water depth; (2) Biochemical reaction respiratory metabolism measurement module: It consists of a multi-channel fluorescent fiber optic oxygen measurement host and sensor, a static respiratory chamber, analysis software and a water environment control module, and runs vertically through the middle of the columnar experimental unit; (3) Algae density online monitoring module: It consists of an online algae density sensor and is deployed on the same side wall of the columnar experimental unit in a co-located integrated manner with the water quality automatic monitoring module; (4) Hyperspectral imaging recording module: It consists of an extension rod and a hyperspectral lens. The extension rod is fixed at the center of the lower part of the water tank. The rod body extends vertically upward to below the water surface, and the end is equipped with a hyperspectral lens.

4. The device for simulating the process of algae growth and extinction affecting water quality according to claim 2, characterized in that: The water bath is made of plexiglass and is equipped with a heater, semiconductor cooler, and water circulation device that can precisely control the temperature. This is used to simulate different water temperature conditions in the natural environment or to control the water temperature within the target temperature range for the intended research. Multiple cylindrical experimental units, each with a diameter of 10 cm, a height of 50 cm, and a volume of 2.8 L; The light control unit includes a light shield with a pure black light-absorbing felt and a full-spectrum LED light source. The light intensity of the full-spectrum LED light source is 60-200 μmol·m - ·s - 1. And automatic control switching power supply; Aeration unit, including a stainless steel bubble refiner with a pore size of 0.5 μm, a stainless steel air guide pipe, a fixing bracket, and a flow regulating valve; The electromagnetic wave-generating unit, consisting of rotating impeller blades and an applied electromagnetic field, simulates the wind and wave disturbance conditions found in actual lakes by adjusting wave height, frequency, and shape parameters.

5. The device for simulating the process of algae growth and extinction affecting water quality according to claim 3, characterized in that: Automated water quality monitoring module, integrating dissolved oxygen, pH, redox potential, and total dissolved solids sensors to enable real-time online monitoring and recording of water quality indicators; The biochemical reaction respiratory metabolism measurement module consists of a multi-channel fluorescent fiber optic oxygen measurement host and sensor, a static respiratory chamber, analysis software, and a water environment control module; The algae density online monitoring module uses an online algae density sensor and the principle of fluorescence method. It calculates the content of blue-green algae based on the fluorescence intensity released by high-energy LED excitation according to the fluorescence characteristics of specific pigments of blue-green algae in water. The hyperspectral imaging recording module dynamically captures the quantitative changes in water color parameters during algal growth and decomposition through high-resolution spectral data, combines multi-depth in-situ sampling data to establish a machine learning model of algal density at different water depths, and simultaneously analyzes the spatial heterogeneity of the algal biomass decay rate and the dissolved organic matter release pattern during decomposition.

6. The device for simulating the process of algae growth and extinction affecting water quality according to claim 1, characterized in that: Data transmission and storage systems include: Terminal: used for data collection, data transmission and execution control; the terminal is connected to various high-precision sensors and data acquisition modules; the terminal uses the TCP / IP protocol for efficient and stable communication; after receiving the control information sent by the cloud, the terminal will immediately forward these instructions to the corresponding equipment, thereby achieving precise control of the device's operating status. Cloud: used to receive, store and process data uploaded by terminal devices; User terminal: Provides a human-computer interaction interface for users, allowing them to easily monitor and control the device.

7. The device for simulating the process of algae growth and extinction affecting water quality according to claim 6, characterized in that: The terminal uses a programmable single-chip microcomputer and is connected to various high-precision sensors and data acquisition modules. The specific data collected includes: Water temperature data: accurately measure the water temperature in the device; Water level data: real-time monitoring of the water level in the device; Water quality monitoring module data: monitor various water quality indicators; Biochemical reaction measurement module data: in-depth analysis of the biochemical reaction process within the device; Algae density detection module data: accurately detect the density of algae in water; Hyperspectral imaging data: Obtain detailed image information inside the device through hyperspectral imaging technology; The terminal uses the TCP / IP protocol to regularly package the collected data and send it to the cloud server via the network cable; the terminal will monitor the control information sent by the cloud in real time, and will respond quickly once it receives an instruction. After receiving the control information sent by the cloud, the terminal will forward these instructions to the corresponding equipment, thereby achieving precise control of the device's operating status; the specific controlled equipment includes: Water temperature control device: adjusts the water temperature according to cloud instructions to keep the water temperature in the device within the set range; Water circulation device: controls the speed and direction of water circulation; Lighting equipment: provides lighting according to the set lighting duration and intensity; Bubble control device: adjusts the amount and frequency of bubble generation.

8. The device for simulating the process of algae growth and extinction affecting water quality according to claim 6, characterized in that: The following services are running in the cloud: Database service: responsible for storing various data uploaded by terminals, including real-time data and historical data; Streaming media file management service: manages streaming media files such as hyperspectral image data uploaded by terminals; Data processing and analysis services: In-depth mining and analysis of data uploaded by terminals; through data analysis, potential problems and patterns in the operation of the device can be discovered, providing users with a scientific basis for decision-making; Device management service: remote management and monitoring of terminal devices, including device status query, parameter setting, and software upgrade functions.

9. The device for simulating the process of algae growth and extinction affecting water quality according to claim 6, characterized in that: The user terminal provides a human-computer interaction interface for users to monitor and control. The specific functions are as follows: Data viewing: Users can view the data collected by the terminal in real time on the interface, including water temperature, water level, and water quality information; at the same time, they can also view statistical charts and analysis reports of historical data to better understand the operating status of the device; Parameter setting: Users can set various operating parameters of the device on the interface according to actual needs. After the setting is completed, the user end will send these parameters to the cloud, and the cloud will forward the control information to the terminal device for execution; Alarm reception: When an abnormal situation occurs during the operation of the device, the user end will receive the alarm information in time.

10. A method for simulating the effect of algae growth and extinction on water quality, using the device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The steps include: Collect fresh algae liquid from a depth of about 1.5m below the water surface and place it in a polyethylene bucket. Filter out large algae particles and use the remaining fresh algae liquid as the experimental reserve solution. 80 ml of fresh algae solution was added to each of the 28 experimental columns, diluted with 2.8 L of purified water to prepare the experimental water sample, and then divided into two groups: the light-exposed group and the light-protected group. The light intensity of the full-spectrum LED lamp was set to 200 μmol·m -2 ·s -1 , the light cycle was set to 12L / 12D, and the light-proof group was wrapped with light-proof film and light-shielding hood; Adjust the temperature of the heating rod and turn on the water circulation device to keep the temperature in the water column at 30±1℃; Samples were collected on days 0, 1, 3, 5, 8, 11, 14, 18, 23, 29, 36, 43, 50, 60, and 70. Before each sampling, the DO, pH, ORP, and TDS of the experimental column were measured using a YSI portable water analyzer. After sampling, TP, DTP, PO₄⁻⁻P, TN, DTN, NH₃⁻N (ammonia nitrogen), NO₃⁻N, NO₂⁻N, IMn, DOC, three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy, and UV-visible spectroscopy were measured.

Images