Rear-powered soil pressure adjustable pipe jacking tunneling device and using method

Abstract

The invention discloses a rear power earth pressure adjustable pipe jacking tunneling device and a using method, the tunneling device comprises a cutter head, a shield body and a power device, the cutter head is arranged at the front end of the shield body, and the power device is arranged on the rear side of the shield body and connected with the cutter head. The cutterhead is arranged to be the cutting cutterhead and the fixed baffle which can move relatively, the opening degree of the soil inlet of the soil bin is adjusted by adjusting dislocation between the cutting cutterhead and the fixed baffle, then soil pressure balance in the tunneling process is guaranteed, and construction safety is guaranteed when a high-risk stratum is traversed; the power device is arranged on the rear portion of the device to achieve external power, power transmission is achieved through the power spiral drill rod, the input power and the power torque are effectively improved, the overall operation power is improved by more than two times, and the cutterhead can be used for various complex stratums.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of earth pressure balance pipe jacking machines, and in particular to a rear-powered earth pressure adjustable pipe jacking excavation device and a use method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Trenchless pipe jacking technology has been widely used in urban underground space development, municipal infrastructure construction, road crossings, and pre-buried pipeline corridors. Among them, the earth pressure balance pipe jacking method, due to its good adaptability to the ground and strong ability to control surface settlement, has become a mainstream construction method for shallow overburden and complex geological conditions.

[0003] However, the existing earth pressure balance pipe jacking construction has the following defects: first, the power system is limited: most traditional cutterhead power devices are installed inside the machine head, which is limited by the equipment diameter, sealing structure, cooling space and other conditions, resulting in limited configurable motor power and insufficient output torque, making it difficult to meet the power requirements of long-distance jacking or crossing complex formations such as hard rock, boulders, and concrete obstacles; second, the hatch control is single: most existing pipe jacking equipment relies on changing the cutterhead speed or propulsion speed to adjust the excavation rate, and lacks direct controllable means for the soil inlet opening, making it difficult to actively adjust the cabin pressure, especially in quicksand, water-rich or unevenly hard formations, which can easily cause face sudden changes. surge or instability; third, the machine head cannot be recovered: when the construction of traditional structures is completed or an unexpected obstacle occurs, the machine head is usually unable to withdraw from the original path and can only be dismantled through the receiving well, which leads to increased construction costs and extended construction period. In addition, it is difficult to arrange receiving wells in urban core areas and areas with dense existing buildings; fourth, the correction structure has weak rigidity: some small-diameter pipe jacking equipment is not equipped with an active direction adjustment system, or the direction adjustment accuracy is limited, and it is difficult to achieve real-time correction of the jacking posture, and there is a risk of accumulated path deviation; fifth, insufficient adaptability: most of the existing equipment is a standardized structure, and the cutter head and excavation device are inconvenient to replace, and the ability to cope with special obstacles such as concrete and pile foundations is poor.

[0004] Therefore, there is a need for an earth pressure balance pipe jacking construction equipment that can adapt to the needs of complex strata and short-distance high-precision trenchless engineering. The present invention provides a post-powered earth pressure adjustable pipe jacking excavation device and a method of use to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present invention provides a post-powered soil pressure adjustable pipe jacking device and a use method thereof, which solves the defect of insufficient power, and the soil pressure balancing means adopted is more flexible and has stronger applicability.

[0006] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the above technical problems is: A rear-powered soil pressure adjustable pipe jacking device comprises a cutterhead, a shield and a power device, wherein the cutterhead is arranged at the front end of the shield, and the power device is arranged at the rear side of the shield and connected to the cutterhead; The power device includes a power auger rod and a driving mechanism. The driving mechanism is arranged at the rear end of the shield body. The power auger rod is arranged in the shield body. The driving mechanism is connected to the rear end of the power auger rod to drive the power auger rod to rotate. The front end of the power auger rod is connected to the cutter head to drive the cutter head to rotate.

[0007] Furthermore, the cutter disc includes a cutting disc, a fixed baffle, an adjustment mechanism and a tool, wherein the cutting disc is arranged on the fixed baffle and connected to the fixed baffle through the adjustment mechanism, and the tool is arranged on the cutting disc; The cutting disc and the fixed baffle are both provided with soil inlet windows. The soil inlet windows on the cutting disc and the fixed baffle are staggered to form a soil inlet port, and the opening of the soil inlet port is adjusted according to the soil pressure.

[0008] Furthermore, the tool includes a fixed tool and a reaming tool, the fixed tool is arranged on the disc surface of the cutting disc, the reaming tool includes a reaming head, a mounting seat and a telescopic mechanism, the disc surface of the cutting disc is provided with a reaming groove, the mounting seat is arranged in the reaming groove, the telescopic mechanism is arranged on the rear side of the cutting disc and is connected to the mounting seat, and the reaming head is arranged on the mounting seat.

[0009] Furthermore, the adjustment mechanism includes an adjustment rack and a first power device, the adjustment rack is arranged on the fixed baffle, the first power device is connected to the cutting disc, and a driving gear is provided on the output end of the first power device, and the adjustment rack is engaged with the driving gear.

[0010] Furthermore, the shield body includes a steering pipe joint and a reference pipe joint, the steering pipe joint is arranged between the cutter disc and the reference pipe joint, the steering pipe joint includes an steering outer pipe and an steering inner pipe, the steering inner pipe is arranged in the steering outer pipe, the reference pipe joint includes a reference outer pipe and a reference inner pipe, the reference inner pipe is arranged in the reference outer pipe and connected to the steering inner pipe.

[0011] Furthermore, the reference inner tube is provided with an adjustment oil cylinder, the adjustment oil cylinders are arranged at intervals along the circumference of the reference inner tube, and the reference inner tube is connected to the adjustment inner tube through the adjustment oil cylinder.

[0012] Furthermore, the adjustment inner tube and the reference inner tube both include a spiral casing, a supporting moving wheel and an inner tube, the spiral casing is arranged in the inner tube, the power spiral drill rod is located in the spiral casing, the supporting moving wheel is arranged on the inner tube, and the inner tube contacts the adjustment outer tube or the reference outer tube through the supporting moving wheel.

[0013] Furthermore, the driving mechanism includes a pushing plate, a pushing cylinder, a pushing frame, a reducer and a rotary drive motor. The pushing cylinder is arranged on the pushing frame, the output end of the pushing cylinder is connected to the pushing plate, the pushing plate is connected to the shield body, and the rotary drive motor is arranged on the pushing frame and connected to the power auger rod through the reducer.

[0014] Furthermore, the outer diameter of the cutter disc is the same as the inner diameter of the adjustment outer tube, the outer diameter of the adjustment inner tube is the same as the outer diameter of the reference inner tube, and the outer diameter of the adjustment outer tube is the same as the outer diameter of the reference outer tube.

[0015] A method for using a rear-powered soil pressure-adjustable pipe jacking device comprises the following steps: S1, equipment assembly: lowering each module into the well and assembling it into a whole in sequence; S2, pipe jacking: Control the fixed baffle to open the soil inlet to the maximum, then start the drive mechanism to drive the cutterhead to jack the pipe. During the construction process, the excavation direction is constantly monitored and the jacking direction is corrected by controlling the pipe section. At the same time, when reaming is required, the reaming tool is extended to reame the hole. S3, soil pressure adjustment: When the soil bin pressure is high during excavation, the regulating mechanism is controlled to adjust the opening of the soil inlet, thereby controlling the soil bin pressure during jacking; S4, equipment recovery: After the excavation construction is completed, the driving mechanism is recovered and hoisted out first, and then the power spiral drill rod is pulled to pull the adjustment inner tube and the reference inner tube backward from the adjustment outer tube and the reference outer tube, and the cutter head is withdrawn together, and then disassembled and hoisted out.

[0016] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: The cutterhead is set up as a cutting disc and a fixed baffle that can move relative to each other. By adjusting the offset between the cutting disc and the fixed baffle, the opening of the soil bin inlet can be adjusted, thereby ensuring the balance of soil pressure during the excavation process and ensuring construction safety when crossing high-risk strata; The power unit is placed at the rear of the device to achieve external power, and power transmission is achieved through the power auger, which effectively improves the input power and power torque, making the overall operating power more than 2 times higher, allowing the cutterhead to be used in various complex formations; The use of inner and outer double-layer shields, combined with a retractable reaming tool, makes the jacking head and inner pipe recyclable, avoiding the difficulty of dismantling using a receiving well, effectively improving construction efficiency and reducing costs; The setting of the steering pipe joint enables flexible and high-precision steering of the shield, thereby realizing real-time correction of the jacking posture during the excavation process, avoiding the risks caused by accumulated deviations during the excavation process. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 It is a schematic top view of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a schematic cross-sectional view of the shield structure of the present invention; Figure 3 A schematic side view of the cutter head of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the soil inlet of the present invention in a completely closed state; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a partially opened soil inlet of the present invention; Figure 6 It is a schematic cross-sectional view of the cutter head structure of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the setting state of the adjustment mechanism of the present invention; Figure 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a cutting disc of the present invention; Figure 9 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a fixed baffle of the present invention; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the setting state of the power spiral rotating rod of the present invention; Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of a cross-sectional view of the shield body of the present invention; Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the inner tube structure of the present invention; Figure 13 It is a side view schematic diagram of the driving mechanism of the present invention.

[0018] 1. Cutter disc; 11. Cutting disc; 12. Fixed baffle; 13. Adjustment mechanism; 131. Adjustment rack; 132. First power unit; 14. Tool; 141. Fixed tool; 142. Reaming tool; 1421. Reaming cutter head; 1422. Mounting seat; 1423. Telescopic mechanism; 2. Shield; 21. Adjustment pipe section; 211. Adjustment outer tube; 212. Adjustment inner tube; 22. Reference pipe section; 221. Reference outer tube; 222. Reference inner tube; 2221. Spiral casing; 2222. Supporting moving wheel; 2223. Inner tube; 223. Adjustment cylinder; 3. Power unit; 31. Power auger rod; 32. Driving mechanism. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the embodiments described are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0020] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", etc., indicating the orientation or position relationship, are based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0021] like Figure 1 、 2 As shown, a rear-mounted powered, soil pressure-adjustable pipe jacking device comprises a cutterhead 1, a shield 2, and a power unit 3. The cutterhead 1 is positioned at the front end of the shield 2, and the power unit 3 is positioned at the rear of the shield 2 and connected to the cutterhead 1. By placing the power unit 3 at the rear, a split design of the power unit 3 and cutterhead 1 is achieved. This provides more space for the power unit 3 to be installed, thereby providing greater power and torque, improving the cutting capability of the cutterhead 1, and enabling the pipe jacking device to be used in more complex strata.

[0022] The present invention arranges the power device 3 behind the shield body 2 and uses the power spiral drill rod 31 to realize power transmission, thereby effectively improving the power and torque during operation and being more adaptable to complex formations; the cutter head 1 is arranged to overlap in two layers, and the opening of the soil inlet is adjusted by adjusting the overlapping angle between the cutting cutter head 11 and the fixed baffle 12, thereby realizing active control of the pressure balance of the soil bin and ensuring safety during operation; at the same time, the shield body 2 is arranged to be a combination of a steering pipe segment 21 and a reference pipe segment 22, and the jacking posture is corrected during the excavation process by adjusting the steering pipe segment 21, thereby ensuring operation accuracy; at the same time, the steering pipe segment 21 and the reference pipe segment 22 are both arranged to be inner and outer pipes, and the size of the machine head is controlled to realize backward recovery without setting a receiving well, thereby saving costs and improving construction efficiency.

[0023] like Figure 1 、 2 As shown in Figure 13, the power device 3 includes a power auger rod 31 and a driving mechanism 32. The driving mechanism 32 is arranged at the rear end of the shield body 2 to provide power for the power auger rod 31 and also provide power for the jacking of the shield body 2. The power auger rod 31 is arranged in the shield body 2. The driving mechanism 32 is connected to the rear end of the power auger rod 31 to drive the power auger rod 31 to rotate. The front end of the power auger rod 31 is connected to the cutter head 1. The power auger rod 31 drives the cutter head 1 to rotate when it rotates. The cutter head 1 rotates to cut the stratum and cooperates with the jacking of the shield body 2 to achieve overall excavation.

[0024] like Figure 3 、 4As shown in Figures 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9, the cutterhead 1 further includes a cutting disc 11, a fixed baffle 12, an adjustment mechanism 13, and a tool 14. The cutting disc 11 is provided on the fixed baffle 12 and is located in front of the fixed baffle 12. The cutting disc 11 is connected to the fixed baffle 12 via the adjustment mechanism 13. The misalignment angle between the cutting disc 11 and the fixed baffle 12 is adjusted by the adjustment mechanism 13. The tool 14 is provided on the cutting disc 11. The cutting disc 11 and the fixed baffle 12 are both provided on the power auger rod 31. The cutting disc 11 is fixedly connected to the power auger rod 31, and the fixed baffle 12 is movably connected to the power auger rod 31 via a bearing assembly. When adjusting the misalignment angle between the cutting disc 11 and the fixed baffle 12, the action of the adjustment mechanism 13 causes the fixed baffle 12 to rotate around the central axis, so that relative motion is generated between the fixed baffle 12 and the cutting disc 11, thereby achieving adjustment of the opening of the soil inlet.

[0025] like Figure 3 、 4 As shown in Figures 5 and 5, the cutting disc 11 and the fixed baffle 12 are both provided with soil entry windows. The soil entry windows on the cutting disc 11 and the fixed baffle 12 are staggered to form a soil entry port. The staggered angle is 45°, and the adjustment range is 0-45°. In the initial state, the soil entry window on the cutting disc 11 and the soil entry window on the fixed baffle 12 completely correspond to each other, and the opening of the soil entry port is 45°. During the construction process, the opening of the soil entry port is adjusted according to the soil pressure, and the minimum adjustment can be made to be completely closed.

[0026] like Figure 7 As shown, further, the adjustment mechanism 13 includes an adjustment rack 131 and a first power device 132. The adjustment rack 131 is provided on the fixed baffle 12, located at the rear side of the fixed baffle 12. The first power device 132 is connected to the cutting disc 11 and is installed on the cutter disc housing extending backward from the cutting disc 11. A drive gear is provided on the output end of the first power device 132, and the adjustment rack 131 meshes with the drive gear. When adjusting the opening of the soil inlet, it is necessary to first stop the machine, and then control the first power device 132 to operate. The drive gear on the output shaft of the first power device 132 rotates, and through engagement, drives the adjustment rack 131 on the rear side of the fixed baffle 12 to move, thereby driving the fixed baffle 12 to rotate around the central axis, thereby achieving the adjustment of the opening of the soil inlet. The opening and closing of the soil inlet are adjusted by the forward and reverse rotation of the first power device 132.

[0027] Furthermore, in order to enable the cutter disc 1 to be retreated and recovered, the outer diameter of the cutter disc 1 is set to be the same as the inner diameter of the outer tube 211, and the tool 14 is set to be a fixed tool 141 fixed on the cutter disc 1 and a retractable reaming tool 142. When the reaming tool 142 is in the retracted state, the overall size of the cutter disc 1 is not larger than the inner diameter of the outer tube 211, so the entire cutter disc 1 can be retreated and recovered from the outer tube 211, and the reaming tool 142 can perform reaming operations when it is in the extended state.

[0028] like Figure 6 As shown, the tool 14 includes a fixed tool 141 and a reaming tool 142. The fixed tool 141 is arranged on the disc surface of the cutting disc 11, and the reaming tools 142 are arranged in pairs and symmetrically. The reaming tool 142 includes a reaming head 1421, a mounting seat 1422 and a telescopic mechanism 1423. A reaming groove is provided on the disc surface of the cutting disc 11, and the reaming groove is arranged along the radial direction of the disc surface. Therefore, when the reaming head 1421 is extended, it extends outward along the radial direction of the disc surface to achieve reaming. The mounting seat 1422 is arranged in the reaming groove, and the telescopic mechanism 1423 is arranged on the rear side of the cutting disc 11 and is connected to the mounting seat 1422. The mounting seat 1422 is driven by the telescopic mechanism 1423 to achieve telescopic extension and retraction along the reaming groove, thereby achieving the extension and retraction of the reaming head 1421. The reaming head 1421 is arranged on the mounting seat 1422. The extension and retraction of the reaming tool 142 is achieved through the retractable mechanism 1423 , which drives the mounting seat 1422 to move in the reaming groove through extension and retraction, thereby promoting the retractable movement of the reaming tool 142 on the mounting seat 1422 .

[0029] like Figure 10 、 11 , 12, further, the shield body 2 includes a steering pipe segment 21 and a reference pipe segment 22, the steering pipe segment 21 is provided between the cutter head 1 and the reference pipe segment 22, and is used to adjust the excavation direction, the steering pipe segment 21 is connected to the reference pipe segment 22 via a steering cylinder 223, and the direction of the steering pipe segment 21 is adjusted by extending and retracting the steering cylinder 223 at different positions, thereby changing the excavation direction of the steering pipe segment 21 and the cutter head 1 thereon, correcting the excavation posture, and avoiding the risk of accumulated deviations in the excavation path.

[0030] like Figure 10 、 11As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the steering pipe segment 21 includes an outer steering pipe 211 and an inner steering pipe 212. The inner steering pipe 212 is disposed in the outer steering pipe 211. The reference pipe segment 22 includes a reference outer pipe 221 and a reference inner pipe 222. The reference inner pipe 222 is disposed in the reference outer pipe 221 and connected to the steering inner pipe 212. The steering pipe segment 21 and the reference pipe segment 22 are both configured as inner and outer double-layer pipes. During excavation, the inner and outer pipes are locked so that they are excavated together. After the excavation is completed, the inner and outer pipes are unlocked, allowing the inner pipe and cutterhead to be withdrawn and recovered from the outer pipe. This withdrawal and recovery does not require a receiving well, effectively reducing costs.

[0031] like Figure 10 、 11 As shown in Figure 12, further, the reference inner tube 222 is provided with a steering cylinder 223, and four steering cylinders 223 are arranged at intervals along the circumference of the reference inner tube 222. The direction of the steering tube section 21 is adjusted through the different telescopic actions of the four steering cylinders 223. The reference inner tube 222 is connected to the steering inner tube 212 through the steering cylinder 223.

[0032] like Figure 10 、 11 , 12, further, the adjustment inner tube 212 and the reference inner tube 222 both include a spiral casing 2221, a supporting moving wheel 2222 and an inner tube 2223, the spiral casing 2221 is arranged in the inner tube 2223, and is used to place the power auger rod 31, the power auger rod 31 is located in the spiral casing 2221, the supporting moving wheel 2222 is arranged on the outer wall of the inner tube 2223, and is in contact with the inner wall of the adjustment outer tube 211 or the reference outer tube 221, and the inner tube 2223 is in contact with the adjustment outer tube 211 or the reference outer tube 221 through the supporting moving wheel 2222.

[0033] like Figure 13 As shown, further, the driving mechanism 32 includes a pushing plate, a pushing cylinder, a pushing frame, a reducer and a rotary drive motor. The pushing cylinder is arranged on the pushing frame, and the output end of the pushing cylinder is connected to the pushing plate, and the pushing plate is connected to the shield body 2. The pushing cylinder pushes the pushing plate to push the shield body 2 to achieve pushing. The rotary drive motor is arranged on the pushing frame and is connected to the power auger rod 31 through the reducer. The rotary drive motor maintains synchronous movement with the pushing plate.

[0034] Furthermore, the power auger rod 31 is connected to the cutter head 1 via a speed reducer, and the power, torque and speed of the cutter head 1 are adjusted via the speed reducer.

[0035] Furthermore, the outer diameter of the cutter disc 1 is the same as the inner diameter of the adjustment outer tube 211, so that the cutter disc 1 can retreat from the adjustment outer tube 211 and the reference outer tube 221 under normal conditions, the outer diameter of the adjustment inner tube 212 is the same as the outer diameter of the reference inner tube 222, and the outer diameter of the adjustment outer tube 211 is the same as the outer diameter of the reference outer tube 221.

[0036] A method for using a rear-powered soil pressure-adjustable pipe jacking device comprises the following steps: S1, equipment assembly: lowering each module into the well and assembling it into a whole in sequence; S2, jacking: controlling the fixed baffle 12 to open the soil inlet to the maximum, and then starting the driving mechanism 32 to perform the jacking operation; During the tunneling process, the jacking cylinder pushes the jacking plate and drives the shield to move forward. At the same time, the rotary drive motor starts and transmits power to the power auger rod 31 through the reducer. The rotation of the power auger rod 31 drives the cutter head 1 to rotate for cutting and tunneling. The cutting and jacking of the cutter head 1 are carried out synchronously to realize pipe jacking construction. During the construction process, the excavation direction is constantly monitored, and the jacking direction is corrected by controlling the adjustment pipe section 21. At the same time, when reaming is required, the reaming tool 142 is extended to reame the hole; S3, soil pressure adjustment: When the soil bin pressure is high during excavation, the control mechanism 13 is activated to adjust the opening of the soil inlet, thereby controlling the soil bin pressure during excavation. When the soil bin pressure is high, the opening of the soil inlet is reduced; when the soil bin pressure is low, the opening of the soil inlet is increased; S4, equipment recovery: After the excavation construction is completed, the driving mechanism 32 is recovered and hoisted out first, and then the power spiral drill rod 31 is pulled to pull the adjustment inner tube 212 and the reference inner tube 222 backward from the adjustment outer tube 211 and the reference outer tube 221, while driving the cutter head 1 to be withdrawn together and hoisted out after disassembly.

[0037] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above and that the invention can be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the invention. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered in all respects as illustrative and non-restrictive, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. It is intended that all variations within the meaning and range of equivalents of the claims be embraced herein, and any reference signs in the claims should not be construed as limiting the claims to which they relate.

Claims

1. A rear-powered, earth pressure-adjustable pipe jacking device, characterized by: It comprises a cutter disc (1), a shield body (2) and a power device (3), wherein the cutter disc (1) is arranged at the front end of the shield body (2), and the power device (3) is arranged at the rear side of the shield body (2) and connected to the cutter disc (1); The power device (3) comprises a power auger rod (31) and a driving mechanism (32), wherein the driving mechanism (32) is arranged at the rear end of the shield body (2), and the power auger rod (31) is arranged in the shield body (2). The driving mechanism (32) is connected to the rear end of the power auger rod (31) to drive the power auger rod (31) to rotate, and the front end of the power auger rod (31) is connected to the cutter head (1) to drive the cutter head (1) to rotate.

2. The rear-powered, earth pressure-adjustable pipe jacking device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cutter disc (1) comprises a cutting disc (11), a fixed baffle (12), an adjustment mechanism (13) and a cutter (14); the cutting disc (11) is arranged on the fixed baffle (12) and connected to the fixed baffle (12) via the adjustment mechanism (13); and the cutter (14) is arranged on the cutting disc (11); The cutting disc (11) and the fixed baffle (12) are both provided with soil inlet windows. The soil inlet windows on the cutting disc (11) and the fixed baffle (12) are staggered to form a soil inlet. The opening of the soil inlet is adjusted according to soil pressure.

3. The rear-powered, earth pressure-adjustable pipe jacking device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The tool (14) comprises a fixed tool (141) and a reaming tool (142); the fixed tool (141) is arranged on the disc surface of the cutting disc (11); the reaming tool (142) comprises a reaming tool head (1421), a mounting seat (1422), and a telescopic mechanism (1423); a reaming groove is provided on the disc surface of the cutting disc (11); the mounting seat (1422) is arranged in the reaming groove; the telescopic mechanism (1423) is arranged on the rear side of the cutting disc (11) and is connected to the mounting seat (1422); the reaming tool head (1421) is arranged on the mounting seat (1422).

4. The rear-powered, earth pressure-adjustable pipe jacking device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The adjusting mechanism (13) comprises an adjusting rack (131) and a first power device (132), wherein the adjusting rack (131) is arranged on the fixed baffle (12), the first power device (132) is connected to the cutting disc (11), and a driving gear is provided on the output end of the first power device (132), and the adjusting rack (131) is meshed with the driving gear.

5. The rear-powered, earth pressure-adjustable pipe jacking device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The shield body (2) comprises a direction-adjusting pipe section (21) and a reference pipe section (22); the direction-adjusting pipe section (21) is arranged between the cutter head (1) and the reference pipe section (22); the direction-adjusting pipe section (21) comprises a direction-adjusting outer pipe (211) and a direction-adjusting inner pipe (212); the direction-adjusting inner pipe (212) is arranged in the direction-adjusting outer pipe (211); the reference pipe section (22) comprises a reference outer pipe (221) and a reference inner pipe (222); the reference inner pipe (222) is arranged in the reference outer pipe (221) and connected to the direction-adjusting inner pipe (212).

6. The rear-powered, earth pressure-adjustable pipe jacking device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The reference inner tube (222) is provided with a direction adjustment oil cylinder (223), and the direction adjustment oil cylinder (223) is arranged at intervals along the circumference of the reference inner tube (222). The reference inner tube (222) is connected to the direction adjustment inner tube (212) via the direction adjustment oil cylinder (223).

7. The rear-powered, earth pressure-adjustable pipe jacking device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The adjustment inner tube (212) and the reference inner tube (222) both comprise a spiral casing (2221), a supporting and moving wheel (2222), and an inner tube (2223); the spiral casing (2221) is arranged in the inner tube (2223); the power auger rod (31) is located in the spiral casing (2221); the supporting and moving wheel (2222) is arranged on the inner tube (2223); and the inner tube (2223) contacts the adjustment outer tube (211) or the reference outer tube (221) via the supporting and moving wheel (2222).

8. The rear-powered, earth pressure-adjustable pipe jacking device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The driving mechanism (32) includes a pushing plate, a pushing oil cylinder, a pushing frame, a speed reducer and a rotary drive motor. The pushing oil cylinder is arranged on the pushing frame. The output end of the pushing oil cylinder is connected to the pushing plate. The pushing plate is connected to the shield body (2). The rotary drive motor is arranged on the pushing frame and is connected to the power auger rod (31) through the speed reducer.

9. The rear-powered, earth pressure-adjustable pipe jacking device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer diameter of the cutter disc (1) is the same as the inner diameter of the adjustment outer tube (211), the outer diameter of the adjustment inner tube (212) is the same as the outer diameter of the reference inner tube (222), and the outer diameter of the adjustment outer tube (211) is the same as the outer diameter of the reference outer tube (221).

10. The method for using the rear-powered soil pressure adjustable pipe jacking device according to claim 1, wherein: The following steps are involved: S1, equipment assembly: lowering each module into the well and assembling it into a whole in sequence; S2, jacking: controlling the fixed baffle (12) to open the soil inlet to the maximum, then starting the driving mechanism (32) to drive the cutterhead (1) to jack up, and constantly monitoring the excavation direction during the construction process, and correcting the jacking direction by controlling the pipe section (21), and at the same time, extending the reaming tool (142) to reame when reaming is required; S3, soil pressure adjustment: when the soil pressure in the excavation process is high, the control regulating mechanism (13) is activated to adjust the opening of the soil inlet, thereby controlling the soil pressure in the jacking process; S4, equipment recovery: After the excavation construction is completed, the driving mechanism (32) is first recovered and hoisted out, and then the power spiral drill rod (31) is pulled to pull the adjustment inner tube (212) and the reference inner tube (222) backward from the adjustment outer tube (211) and the reference outer tube (221), and at the same time, the cutter head (1) is withdrawn together and hoisted out after disassembly.

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