Laser measuring device for thickness of tunnel sprayed concrete

Abstract

The invention discloses a laser measuring device for tunnel sprayed concrete thickness, and belongs to the technical field of building construction measurement, the laser measuring device comprises a sliding box, the interior of the sliding box is slidably connected with a sheet-shaped measuring plate, and the laser measuring device is characterized in that the exterior of the sliding box is provided with a driving structure; a measuring opening is formed in the side, away from the sliding box, of the sheet-shaped measuring plate, a first laser measurer is installed outside the sliding box, an infrared emission port of the first laser measurer and the first laser measurer are coaxially arranged, and a fence structure is integrally formed at the end, away from the sliding box, of the sheet-shaped measuring plate; the inner suction structure is connected to the outer portion of the fence structure, and the whole sheet-shaped measuring plate is in a blade shape, so that when the sheet-shaped measuring plate is inserted into undried concrete, the extrusion amount on the concrete is small, a formed measuring hole is small, the rigidity of the undried concrete cannot be affected too much on the whole, and meanwhile concrete can be conveniently supplemented again after measurement is completed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of building construction measurement, in particular to a laser measuring device for the thickness of tunnel shotcrete. Background Art

[0002] In tunnel engineering, shotcrete is a critical support method. It quickly seals the surrounding rock surface, preventing weathering and spalling. It also works with the surrounding rock to form a load-bearing structure, effectively maintaining the stability of the tunnel surrounding rock and ensuring safety during tunnel construction and operation. Therefore, accurately determining the thickness of shotcrete is crucial for evaluating tunnel support quality, determining surrounding rock stability, and formulating subsequent construction or maintenance plans.

[0003] With the continuous development of laser technology, laser measurement has gained widespread application in numerous measurement fields due to its significant advantages, including high precision, non-contact, speed, and efficiency. Laser measurement technology has also shown great potential in measuring the thickness of shotcrete in tunnels. Laser measurement devices emit a laser beam onto the shotcrete surface. By precisely measuring the time from emission to reflection or other relevant parameters, combined with known optical principles and geometric relationships, the thickness of the shotcrete can be quickly and accurately calculated. This laser-based measurement method not only avoids damage to the concrete structure but also greatly improves measurement efficiency, meeting the demand for rapid and precise quality inspection in modern tunnel engineering. However, when performing laser measurement, it is necessary to calculate the time from emission to emission and other related parameters. Once the parameters are wrong, it is extremely easy to cause numerical errors. The method of performing splicing measurement when the concrete is not completely dry can directly obtain the thickness parameters of the relative position of the concrete, and at the same time facilitates the secondary replenishment of concrete without affecting the integrity of the concrete. In the existing process of measuring the thickness of concrete that has not yet dried completely, splicing rods are still used for direct splicing. The direct splicing of the splicing rods can easily cause large holes in the concrete, and it is easy to cause part of the concrete to flow back into the splicing rods during splicing, affecting the internal laser measurement results. For this reason, a laser measuring device for the thickness of tunnel shotcrete is proposed. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The object of the present invention is to provide a laser measuring device for the thickness of tunnel shotcrete to solve the problems raised in the above background technology.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a laser measuring device for the thickness of shotcrete in a tunnel, comprising a sliding box, a sheet-shaped measuring plate slidably connected to the interior of the sliding box, a driving structure mounted on the exterior of the sliding box, a measuring opening formed on a side of the sheet-shaped measuring plate away from the sliding box, a first laser measuring device mounted on the exterior of the sliding box, an infrared emission port of the first laser measuring device being coaxially arranged with the first laser measuring device, an enclosure structure integrally formed on the end of the sheet-shaped measuring plate away from the sliding box, the enclosure structure being externally connected to an internal suction structure; The sheet-like measuring plate is in the shape of a blade and is used to be inserted into the undried concrete to form a blade-shaped laser measuring channel; The enclosure structure includes a double-layer expansion bladder, which is integrally formed at the end of the sheet-like measuring plate away from the sliding box. The outside of the double-layer expansion bladder is connected to an inflatable structure. The double-layer expansion bladder is used to expand through the gas transportation of the inflatable structure, thereby forming an enclosure at the edge of the measuring opening.

[0006] Preferably, both sides of the inner wall of the measuring opening are integrally formed with electromagnet sheets, and the two electromagnet sheets located on both sides of the inner wall are initially in an adsorption state.

[0007] Preferably, the double-layer expansion bladder is an inner and outer double-layer chamber structure, the outer chamber is injected with gas to generate expansion, the inner layer is connected to the internal suction structure, and the inner wall of the outer chamber is integrally formed with multiple elastic plates, and the multiple elastic plates surround the outer periphery of the measuring opening, and the multiple elastic plates have an elastic force to expand outward near one end of the measuring opening.

[0008] Preferably, the internal suction structure includes a plurality of adsorption holes opened on the outside of the double-layer expansion bladder, the plurality of adsorption holes are connected to the inner cavity of the double-layer expansion bladder, and the inner cavity of the double-layer expansion bladder is connected to the suction end of the inflatable structure.

[0009] Preferably, the driving structure includes a rotating connecting shaft, which is fixedly connected to the outside of the sliding box, and the outside of the rotating connecting shaft is fixedly connected to an angle adjustment motor, a support plate is installed at the bottom of the angle adjustment motor, and a moving rod is fixedly connected below the support plate, and a rack is integrally formed on the outside of the moving rod, and a sliding sleeve is slidably connected to the outside of the moving rod, and the bottom of the sliding sleeve is fixedly connected to the support connecting plate, and the outside of the sliding sleeve is fixedly connected to a fixed seat, and a driving motor is fixedly connected to the fixed seat, and the output shaft of the driving motor is fixedly connected to a gear, and the gear is meshed with the rack.

[0010] Preferably, a sliding groove is provided on the outside of the moving rod, and two electromagnet blocks are slidably connected to the inside of the sliding sleeve, and the electromagnet blocks are slidably connected to the inside of the sliding groove.

[0011] Preferably, the inflation structure includes a two-way air pump, the air inlet and outlet of the two-way air pump are connected to an electrically controlled two-way valve, the air inlet and air outlet of the electrically controlled two-way valve are both connected to a connecting air inlet box through a hose, the outside of the connecting air inlet box is connected to two pushing bladders, one of the pushing bladders is connected to a gas delivery pipe at one end away from the connecting air inlet box, and the gas delivery pipe is connected to the outer chamber of the double-layer expansion bladder, and the other gas delivery pipe is connected to an exhaust delivery pipe at one end away from the connecting air inlet box, and the exhaust delivery pipe is connected to the inner chamber of the double-layer expansion bladder.

[0012] Preferably, one end of the elastic plate is rotatably connected to a roller.

[0013] Preferably, the outside of the adsorption hole is fixedly connected to a side plate, the outside of the side plate is fixedly connected to a second laser measurer, and the second laser measurer is parallel to the first laser measurer.

[0014] Preferably, the exterior of the electromagnet block and the inner wall of the sliding groove are both bonded with a rough matte layer.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: In the present invention, the blade-shaped sheet measuring plate can be inserted into the undried concrete to provide a detection channel for the first laser measuring device. When the detection channel is formed, laser measurement of the concrete thickness is achieved. Moreover, because the sheet measuring plate is in the shape of a blade as a whole, when inserted into the undried concrete, the amount of concrete squeezed is small, and the measurement hole formed is also small, which does not significantly affect the rigidity of the undried concrete. At the same time, it is convenient to replenish concrete after the measurement is completed.

[0016] In the present invention, after the sheet measuring plate is pushed and inserted into the interior of the concrete, gas is continuously injected into the outer chamber of the double-layer expansion bladder through the gas delivery pipe. When gas is continuously injected into the outer chamber of the double-layer expansion bladder, the double-layer expansion bladder will expand, and the double-layer expansion bladder will form a hollow columnar enclosure when it expands. When the hollow columnar enclosure is formed, the undried concrete can be prevented from falling into the measurement opening position, thereby avoiding the phenomenon of blocking the measurement laser, and further increasing the accuracy of laser measurement. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 This is one of the three-dimensional structural diagrams of an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a second schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the push capsule in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the structure of the double-layer expansion bladder and the measurement opening in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of a double-layer expansion bladder according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the structure of the elastic plate in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 For the embodiment of the present invention Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the enlarged structure of area A; Figure 8 For the embodiment of the present invention Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the enlarged structure of area B; Figure 9 For the embodiment of the present invention Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the enlarged structure of region C; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the detection process state structure inside a tunnel according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0018] In the figure: 100, supporting connecting plate; 101, sliding sleeve; 102, moving rod; 103, first laser measuring device; 104, sliding box; 105, sheet-like measuring plate; 106, measuring opening; 107, electromagnet plate; 200, double-layer expansion bladder; 201, gas delivery pipe; 202, pushing bladder; 300, elastic plate; 301, roller; 400, adsorption hole; 401, air extraction delivery pipe; 500, supporting plate; 501, angle adjustment motor; 502, rotating connecting shaft; 600, two-way air pump; 601, electrically controlled two-way valve; 602, connecting air inlet box; 700, side plate; 701, second laser measuring device; 800, fixing seat; 801, driving motor; 802, gear; 803, rack; 900, electromagnet block; 901, sliding groove. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0020] Example 1: Figures 1-10As shown, the present application provides a laser measuring device for the thickness of tunnel shotcrete, comprising a sliding box 104, wherein a sheet-shaped measuring plate 105 is slidably connected to the interior of the sliding box 104, a driving structure is installed on the exterior of the sliding box 104, a measuring opening 106 is provided on a side of the sheet-shaped measuring plate 105 away from the sliding box 104, a first laser measuring device 103 is installed on the exterior of the sliding box 104, an infrared emission port of the first laser measuring device 103 is coaxially arranged with the first laser measuring device 103, an enclosure structure is integrally formed on the end of the sheet-shaped measuring plate 105 away from the sliding box 104, and the exterior of the enclosure structure is connected to an internal suction structure; The sheet-like measuring plate 105 is in the shape of a blade and is used to be inserted into the undried concrete to form a blade-like laser measuring channel.

[0021] Specifically, during use, the sliding box 104 and the sheet measuring plate 105 are sent to the specified height of the tunnel by the driving structure. After the sliding box 104 and the sheet measuring plate 105 are moved to the specified height, the rotation angle of the sliding box 104 and the sheet measuring plate 105 is adjusted again by the driving structure. After the angle of the sliding box 104 and the sheet measuring plate 105 is rotated to the specified angle, the sheet measuring plate 105 is pushed to move inside the sliding box 104 by starting the inflation structure. In the process of the inflation structure pushing the sheet measuring plate 105, the sheet measuring plate 105 can be pushed and inserted into the undried concrete. After the sheet measuring plate 105 is inserted into the undried concrete, the first laser measurer 103 is started to emit infrared measuring light to measure the overall depth of the first laser measurer 103.

[0022] Furthermore, when the sheet-shaped measuring plate 105 is inserted into the concrete for testing, the blade-shaped sheet-shaped measuring plate 105 can minimize damage to the undried concrete, leaving as small holes as possible, reducing damage to the undried concrete, and it is also more convenient to replenish the concrete for the second time after the test is completed, thereby reducing the amount of concrete used.

[0023] like Figure 1-Figure 7 As shown, the outside of the adsorption hole 400 is fixedly connected to a side plate 700 , and the outside of the side plate 700 is fixedly connected to a second laser measurer 701 . The second laser measurer 701 is parallel to the first laser measurer 103 .

[0024] Specifically, when measuring, when the sliding box 104 is inserted into the undried concrete, the second laser measuring device 701 is simultaneously turned on externally. When the second laser measuring device 701 is turned on, the thickness of the concrete surface during the insertion process of the sliding box 104 can be measured. After measuring the concrete surface, the internal concrete data measured by the first laser measuring device 103 is transmitted again, and the difference between the two measurements is integrated to obtain the specific thickness value of the concrete at the current measurement position.

[0025] like Figures 1-8 As shown, the driving structure includes a rotating connecting shaft 502, which is fixedly connected to the outside of the sliding box 104, and the outside of the rotating connecting shaft 502 is fixedly connected to the angle adjustment motor 501, and the bottom of the angle adjustment motor 501 is installed with a support plate 500, and the bottom of the support plate 500 is fixedly connected to the moving rod 102, and the outside of the moving rod 102 is integrally formed with a rack 803, and the outside of the moving rod 102 is slidably connected to the sliding sleeve 101, and the bottom of the sliding sleeve 101 is fixedly connected to the support connecting plate 100, and the outside of the sliding sleeve 101 is fixedly connected to the fixed seat 800, and the driving motor 801 is fixedly connected to the fixed seat 800, and the output shaft of the driving motor 801 is fixedly connected to the gear 802, and the gear 802 is meshed with the rack 803.

[0026] Specifically, during use, the thickness of the shotcrete inside the tunnel is measured as a whole. The support connecting plate 100 can be installed on a transport vehicle. After the support connecting plate 100 is installed on the transport vehicle, the transport vehicle drives the whole to move inside the tunnel, and continuous concrete thickness detection is performed during the movement inside the tunnel.

[0027] Furthermore, when inspection is required, the entire device is driven to a designated position by a transport vehicle. After reaching the designated position, the drive motor 801 is started. When the drive motor 801 is started, the gear 802 can be driven to rotate. When the gear 802 rotates, it can engage with the rack 803 to form a transmission. When the gear 802 and the rack 803 engage to form a transmission, the moving rod 102 can be driven to move up and down inside the sliding sleeve 101, thereby moving the upper sliding box 104 and the sheet measuring plate 105 to a designated height. After the sliding box 104 and the sheet measuring plate 105 are moved to the designated height, the angle adjustment motor 501 is started to drive the rotating connecting shaft 502 to rotate, thereby adjusting the sliding box 104 to a designated angle.

[0028] Furthermore, a measuring scale is provided on the outside of the sheet-like measuring plate 105 so that the staff can visually see the measured thickness.

[0029] like Figure 1-Figure 7 As shown, a sliding groove 901 is provided on the outside of the moving rod 102 , and two electromagnet blocks 900 are slidably connected to the inside of the sliding sleeve 101 . The electromagnet blocks 900 are slidably connected to the inside of the sliding groove 901 .

[0030] Specifically, when the moving rod 102 moves to the specified height, the driving of the drive motor 801 is stopped. When the driving motor 801 is stopped, the electromagnet block 900 can be energized. When the electromagnet block 900 is energized, the electromagnet block 900 can be inserted into the interior of the sliding groove 901. The outside of the electromagnet block 900 and the inner wall of the sliding groove 901 are both adhered with a rough fur surface layer. After the electromagnet block 900 is inserted into the interior of the sliding groove 901, the friction between the electromagnet block 900 and the rough fur surface of the sliding groove 901 can prevent the moving rod 102 from rising and falling, thereby preventing the moving rod 102 from rising and falling at will inside the sliding sleeve 101.

[0031] like Figure 1-Figure 7 As shown, the inflation structure includes a two-way air pump 600, the air inlet and outlet of the two-way air pump 600 are connected to an electrically controlled two-way valve 601, the air inlet and air outlet of the electrically controlled two-way valve 601 are connected to an air inlet box 602 through a hose, and the outside of the air inlet box 602 is connected to two pushing bags 202.

[0032] Specifically, in the inflation structure, the two pushing sacs 202 are attached to the outer wall of the sheet-shaped measuring plate 105 on the side away from the air inlet box 602 , so that the sheet-shaped measuring plate 105 can be pushed to move inside the sliding box 104 when gas is pushed into the sacs 202 .

[0033] Furthermore, the staff rotates the rotating connecting shaft 502 through the angle adjustment motor 501, and after the rotating connecting shaft 502 rotates the sliding box 104 and the sheet measuring plate 105 to the specified angle, starts the two-way air pump 600. When the two-way air pump 600 is started, gas can be continuously injected into the interior of the electrically controlled two-way valve 601. When gas is continuously injected into the interior of the electrically controlled two-way valve 601, the gas can be continuously transported into the interior of the connecting air inlet box 602. When the gas continues to enter the interior of the connecting air inlet box 602, the gas will continue to enter the interior of the pushing capsule 202 after entering the interior of the connecting air inlet box 602. When the gas continues to enter the interior of the pushing capsule 202, the sheet measuring plate 105 can be pushed to move inside the sliding box 104.

[0034] like Figure 4 As shown, both sides of the inner wall of the measuring opening 106 are integrally formed with electromagnet pieces 107 , and the two electromagnet pieces 107 located on both sides of the inner wall are initially in an adsorption state.

[0035] Specifically, in order to prevent the incompletely dried concrete from entering the interior of the sheet measuring plate 105 when the blade-shaped measuring opening 106 is inserted into the concrete, when the sheet measuring plate 105 is continuously pushed by the sac 202 into the concrete, when the sheet measuring plate 105 can no longer be pushed, the power supply to the measuring opening 106 can be canceled. When the power supply to the measuring opening 106 is canceled, the measuring opening 106 will naturally open. When the measuring opening 106 is naturally opened, a channel can be provided for the first laser measurer 103 to contact the bottom of the concrete. After the concrete channel is formed, the first laser measurer 103 contacts the wall surface, thereby detecting the thickness of the concrete.

[0036] The technical solutions in the above-mentioned embodiments of the present application have at least the following technical effects or advantages: Compared with the prior art, in this embodiment, the blade-shaped measuring plate 105 can be inserted into the interior of the undried concrete, providing a detection channel for the first laser measuring device 103. When the detection channel is formed, laser measurement of the concrete thickness is achieved. Moreover, because the measuring plate 105 is blade-shaped as a whole, when inserted into the undried concrete, the amount of concrete squeezed is small, and the measurement hole formed is also small, which does not significantly affect the rigidity of the undried concrete. At the same time, it is convenient to replenish the concrete after the measurement is completed.

[0037] Embodiment 2: Considering that during use, when the sheet measuring plate 105 is inserted into the undried concrete, if some concrete on the sheet measuring plate 105 falls directly onto the outlet of the measuring opening 106, it is very easy to cause blockage of the outlet of the measuring opening 106. Once the outlet is blocked, it is easy to cause inaccurate laser measurement by the first laser measuring device 103. In response to the above technical problems, the present application proposes the following technical solutions to solve the above technical problems, specifically: like Figure 4-Figure 9 As shown, the enclosure structure includes a double-layer expansion bladder 200, which is integrally formed at one end of the sheet-like measuring plate 105 away from the sliding box 104. The outside of the double-layer expansion bladder 200 is connected to an inflatable structure. The double-layer expansion bladder 200 is used to expand through the gas transportation of the inflatable structure, thereby forming an enclosure at the edge of the measuring opening 106. The double-layer expansion bladder 200 is an inner and outer double-layer chamber structure. The outer chamber is injected with gas to expand, and the inner layer is connected to the internal suction structure.

[0038] In the inflation structure, one of the pushing bladders 202 is connected to a gas delivery pipe 201 at one end away from the air intake box 602, and the gas delivery pipe 201 is connected to the outer chamber of the double-layer expansion bladder 200. The other gas delivery pipe 201 is connected to an exhaust delivery pipe 401 at one end away from the air intake box 602, and the exhaust delivery pipe 401 is connected to the inner chamber of the double-layer expansion bladder 200.

[0039] Specifically, after the pushing sac 202 pushes the sheet-shaped measuring plate 105 to contact the wall surface inside the tunnel, gas can be continuously injected into the pushing sac 202. When gas continues to enter the pushing sac 202, gas will continue to be injected into the gas delivery pipe 201, and the gas delivery pipe 201 will continue to deliver gas to the inside of the double-layer expansion sac 200. When enough gas enters the double-layer expansion sac 200, the double-layer expansion sac 200 will also expand. When the double-layer expansion sac 200 expands, the double-layer expansion sac 200 as a whole forms a hollow cylindrical enclosure. When the hollow cylindrical enclosure is formed, the concrete outside the measuring opening 106 can be squeezed and moved to the outside of the enclosure, thereby preventing fallen concrete from entering the opening position of the measuring opening 106.

[0040] Furthermore, when the inflatable structure continues to inject gas into the interior of the pushing bladder 202, the gas will accumulate inside the pushing bladder 202, and the expansion amount of the pushing bladder 202 is greater than that of the double-layer expansion bladder 200. Therefore, the double-layer expansion bladder 200 will only expand when a large amount of gas enters the interior of the double-layer expansion bladder 200 and the air pressure reaches a specified level. Therefore, when the double-layer expansion bladder 200 has not yet expanded, the gas will remain in the pushing bladder 202. When the pushing bladder 202 expands, it will push the sheet-like measuring plate 105 to be inserted into the interior of the undried concrete.

[0041] The technical solutions in the above-mentioned embodiments of the present application have at least the following technical effects or advantages: relative to embodiment 1, in this embodiment, after the sheet-like measuring plate 105 is pushed and inserted into the interior of the concrete, gas is continuously injected into the outer chamber of the double-layer expansion bladder 200 through the gas delivery pipe 201. When gas is continuously injected into the outer chamber of the double-layer expansion bladder 200, the double-layer expansion bladder 200 will expand, and the double-layer expansion bladder 200 will form a hollow cylindrical enclosure when it expands. When the hollow cylindrical enclosure is formed, the undried concrete can be prevented from falling into the opening position of the measuring opening 106, thereby avoiding the phenomenon of blocking the measuring laser, and further increasing the accuracy of the laser measurement.

[0042] Embodiment 3: Considering that during use, when gas is continuously injected into the outer chamber of the double-layer expansion bladder 200 to cause the double-layer expansion bladder 200 to expand, the expansion direction of the double-layer expansion bladder 200 is uncontrollable. Once excessive external pressure exists, the expansion direction may be squeezed, resulting in the double-layer expansion bladder 200 blocking the measurement opening 106. In response to the above technical problems, the present application proposes the following technical solutions to solve the above technical problems, specifically: like Figure 6-Figure 9 As shown, a plurality of elastic plates 300 are integrally formed on the inner wall of the outer chamber. The plurality of elastic plates 300 surround the outer periphery of the measuring opening 106 , and one end of the plurality of elastic plates 300 close to the measuring opening 106 has an elastic force that expands outward.

[0043] Specifically, during use, when gas is continuously injected into the outer chamber of the double-layer expansion bladder 200 through the gas delivery tube 201, the outer chamber inside the double-layer expansion bladder 200 will expand. Once the expansion occurs, the double-layer expansion bladder 200 as a whole will expand. When the double-layer expansion bladder 200 expands, the elastic plate 300 located inside the outer chamber will also produce elastic deformation. The double-layer expansion bladder 200 is tightly pressed against the elastic plate 300 in the initial state. The elastic plate 300 has already produced elastic deformation in the initial state. When the double-layer expansion bladder 200 expands, It will reduce the squeezing of the elastic plate 300, and the elastic plate 300 will return to its original position when the squeezing force is reduced. When returning to the original position, it can guide the expansion direction of the double-layer expansion bladder 200. When multiple elastic plates 300 return to their original state at the same time, they will drive the double-layer expansion bladder 200 as a whole to form a cylindrical enclosure with a front end opening and a taper. When the cylindrical enclosure is formed, a complete measuring space and measuring channel can be formed, which will not be affected by external concrete, and at the same time prevent external concrete from falling to the opening position of the measuring opening 106, thereby avoiding the phenomenon of concrete blocking the measuring laser.

[0044] like Figure 9 As shown, one end of the elastic plate 300 is rotatably connected to a roller 301 .

[0045] Specifically, through the setting of the roller 301, when the gas inside the double-layer expansion bladder 200 is discharged, the roller 301 will fit the inner wall of the double-layer expansion bladder 200, thereby cooperating with the double-layer expansion bladder 200 to squeeze the elastic plate 300, so that the elastic plate 300 can return to the squeezed and bent state, avoiding the phenomenon that the end of the elastic plate 300 touches the inner wall of the double-layer expansion bladder 200 when the double-layer expansion bladder 200 is condensed, causing it to be stuck and unable to return to the bent state.

[0046] The technical solution in the above-mentioned embodiment of the present application has at least the following technical effects or advantages: relative to embodiment 2, in this embodiment, when the double-layer expansion bladder 200 expands as a whole, the double-layer expansion bladder 200 will reduce the squeezing force on the elastic plate 300 when expanding. When the squeezing force on the elastic plate 300 is reduced, the elastic plate 300 will return to its original state, and the elastic plate 300 returned to its original state will guide the expansion direction of the double-layer expansion bladder 200, so that the double-layer expansion bladder 200 as a whole surrounds the outside of the measurement opening 106 to form a complete cylindrical enclosure. After the complete cylindrical enclosure is formed, the influence of falling concrete on laser measurement can be further avoided, and at the same time, it can be ensured that the double-layer expansion bladder 200 will not expand arbitrarily during expansion, resulting in the phenomenon of blocking the opening of the measurement opening 106.

[0047] Embodiment 4: Considering that when the double-layer expansion bladder 200 expands, it is easy to squeeze the dry concrete, causing the inner layer of concrete to be squeezed to form a cylindrical hollow. When the cylindrical hollow is formed inside, it is not convenient to replenish the inner layer of the cylindrical hollow from the outside. In order to solve the above technical problems, the present application proposes the following technical solutions, specifically: like Figure 3-Figure 6 As shown, the internal suction structure includes a plurality of adsorption holes 400 opened on the outside of the double-layer expansion bladder 200, and the plurality of adsorption holes 400 are connected to the inner chamber of the double-layer expansion bladder 200. Another gas delivery tube 201 is connected to an exhaust delivery tube 401 at one end away from the air inlet box 602, and the exhaust delivery tube 401 is connected to the inner chamber of the double-layer expansion bladder 200.

[0048] Specifically, during use, when the double-layer expansion bladder 200 is fully expanded and the measurement of the first laser measuring device 103 is completed, the two-way air pump 600 can be started in reverse. When the two-way air pump 600 is started in reverse, the gas entering the double-layer expansion bladder 200 can be extracted. When the gas inside the double-layer expansion bladder 200 is continuously extracted, the double-layer expansion bladder 200 will condense. When the double-layer expansion bladder 200 condenses, the elastic plate 300 will be squeezed back to the bent state by the double-layer expansion bladder 200. At the same time, when the air is continuously extracted, Inside the extruded cylindrical concrete space, the gas will gradually be sucked into the inner cavity by the adsorption holes 400. After the gas is gradually sucked into the inner cavity, the gas will be gradually discharged through the exhaust pipe 401. After the gas in the internal space of the cylindrical concrete is completely sucked out, the continuous adsorption of the adsorption holes 400 and the exhaust pipe 401 will form a negative pressure. When the negative pressure is formed, the extruded concrete can be adsorbed and adsorbed to the position of the double-layer expansion bladder 200. The extruded concrete will be gradually adsorbed back to its original position through the negative pressure as a whole, thereby reducing the hollowness inside the concrete.

[0049] Furthermore, a tearable filter is provided inside the adsorption hole 400 to prevent concrete from entering the adsorption hole 400 during negative pressure adsorption. When the adsorption hole 400 is excessively clogged, the tearable filter can be torn off and replaced.

[0050] The technical solutions in the above-mentioned embodiments of the present application have at least the following technical effects or advantages: relative to the third embodiment, in the present embodiment, when the double-layer expansion bladder 200 is exhausted, not only the gas inside the double-layer expansion bladder 200 can be discharged, but also the gas inside the plug-in hole of the sheet-like measuring plate 105 can be extracted through the exhaust pipe 401 and the adsorption hole 400, so that the continuous adsorption of the adsorption hole 400 forms negative pressure adsorption. When negative pressure adsorption is formed, the squeezed concrete can gradually gather at the position of the double-layer expansion bladder 200. By gathering at the position of the double-layer expansion bladder 200, the holes formed by the plugging of the sheet-like measuring plate 105 can be further reduced.

[0051] In Examples 1 to 4, the overall usage process is as follows: Device positioning and adjustment: The supporting connecting plate 100 is installed on the transport vehicle and moved to the designated position in the tunnel. The driving motor 801 is started to drive the gear 802 to engage with the rack 803, driving the moving rod 102 to rise and fall to the target height in the sliding sleeve 101. After the electromagnet block 900 is energized, it is inserted into the sliding slot 901 to lock the moving rod 102; the angle adjustment motor 501 adjusts the insertion angle of the sliding box 104 and the sheet-like measuring plate 105 by rotating the connecting shaft 502.

[0052] Insertion into concrete and formation of the measurement channel: the bidirectional air pump 600 inflates the propulsion bladder 202 through the electrically controlled two-way valve 601, pushing the sheet-shaped measuring plate 105 into the undried concrete. In the initial state, the electromagnet plates 107 on both sides of the measuring opening 106 are adsorbed and closed to prevent concrete from entering; when the insertion resistance reaches a threshold, the electromagnet plates 107 are de-energized and opened, and the first laser measurer 103 emits an infrared laser through the opening to measure the depth inside the concrete.

[0053] Enclosure anti-blocking and expansion control: When the bladder 202 is pushed to be continuously inflated, the gas enters the outer chamber of the double-layer expansion bladder 200 through the gas delivery tube 201 to expand it. The elastic plate 300 in the outer chamber returns to its original shape due to the reduction in pressure, driving the double-layer expansion bladder 200 to form a cylindrical enclosure around the measuring opening 106. The roller 301 assists the elastic plate 300 in resetting to prevent the expansion direction from deviating and blocking the measuring channel.

[0054] Surface thickness verification and data integration: The second laser measuring device 701 measures the surface thickness of the concrete synchronously during the insertion of the sheet measuring plate 105, and calculates the difference in depth data from the first laser measuring device 103 to verify the consistency of the thickness.

[0055] Negative pressure backfilling and hole repair: After the measurement is completed, the two-way air pump 600 reverses to pump air, and the gas is discharged from the inner chamber of the double-layer expansion bladder 200 through the air extraction pipe 401. The adsorption hole 400 absorbs and backfills the concrete in the columnar hollow area formed by extrusion under negative pressure. The tearable filter screen prevents particles from entering the adsorption hole 400, and finally reduces the hole diameter to less than 5mm.

[0056] Equipment reset and cyclic measurement: The electromagnet block 900 is powered off and unlocked, the drive motor 801 rotates in the reverse direction to lower the moving rod 102, and the transport vehicle moves to the next measuring point and repeats the operation to achieve continuous detection of the concrete thickness of the entire tunnel section.

[0057] In the present invention, through the collaborative design of blade-shaped insertion (reducing damage), dual laser verification (accuracy ±2mm), directional expansion enclosure (anti-blocking), elastic plate guidance (expansion controllability), and negative pressure backfilling (repair rate>90%), compared with the traditional detection method with problems of hole size (reduced from 30mm to 5mm) and single data, it is suitable for the rapid construction scenario of shotcrete.

[0058] Examples During shotcrete construction, loose rocks and dangerous rocks are first removed from the excavation surface. For dirty rock surfaces, the sprayed surface is cleaned with high-pressure air or water to improve the bond between the concrete and the rock surface for optimal spraying results. A total station or laser profiler is used to calibrate the spraying thickness control points. Meanwhile, machinery and equipment are fully prepared before construction.

[0059] C25 shotcrete construction: The shotcrete operation adopts 3015 wet shotcrete manipulator.

[0060] During the measurement process, the thickness is calculated: Total thickness = first laser measurement (depth inside concrete); Thickness difference = first laser measurement value - second laser measurement value (surface thickness), used to verify equipment consistency; The actual construction allows a fluctuation of ±10% (180-220mm), and allows for over-excavation, local looseness and other working conditions; During measurement, the sheet-shaped measuring plate (105) is moved to a designated position, i.e., the dome, side wall, and inverted arch, by a driving structure, and the angle adjustment motor (501) ensures that the measuring plate is inserted vertically. When vertical insertion is not possible, multiple measurements are performed at fixed points to form multi-level measurement values ​​and perform calculations; After the measurement is completed, negative pressure is applied to the hole through the internal suction structure to backfill the concrete particles, reducing the workload of repair; When the enclosure expands successfully, the thickness difference stabilizes at 18-20mm; The adsorption backfill effect is related to the state of the concrete: the backfill rate of the dense area is >90%, and the loose area requires multiple adsorptions.

[0061]

[0062] The foregoing description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Various modifications and variations are readily apparent to those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, or improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A laser measuring device for the thickness of shotcrete in tunnels, comprising a sliding box with a sheet-shaped measuring plate slidably connected to the interior of the sliding box, characterized in that: A driving structure is installed on the outside of the sliding box. A measuring opening is opened on the side of the sheet-like measuring plate away from the sliding box. A first laser measuring device is installed on the outside of the sliding box. The infrared emission port of the first laser measuring device is coaxially arranged with the first laser measuring device. An enclosure structure is integrally formed on the end of the sheet-like measuring plate away from the sliding box. The enclosure structure is externally connected to the internal suction structure. The sheet-like measuring plate is in the shape of a blade and is used to be inserted into the undried concrete to form a blade-shaped laser measuring channel; The enclosure structure includes a double-layer expansion bladder, which is integrally formed at one end of the sheet-like measuring plate away from the sliding box. The double-layer expansion bladder is externally connected to an inflatable structure. The double-layer expansion bladder is used to expand through the gas transported by the inflatable structure, thereby forming an enclosure at the edge of the measuring opening; The internal suction structure includes a plurality of adsorption holes opened on the outside of the double-layer expansion bladder, the plurality of adsorption holes are connected to the inner cavity of the double-layer expansion bladder, and the inner cavity of the double-layer expansion bladder is connected to the suction end of the inflatable structure.

2. The laser measuring device for thickness of tunnel shotcrete according to claim 1, characterized in that: Electromagnetic iron sheets are integrally formed on both sides of the inner wall of the measuring opening, and the two electromagnetic iron sheets located on both sides of the inner wall are in an adsorption state in an initial state.

3. The laser measuring device for thickness of tunnel shotcrete according to claim 1, characterized in that: The double-layer expansion bladder is an inner and outer double-layer chamber structure. Gas is injected into the outer chamber to cause expansion. The inner layer is connected to the internal suction structure. The inner wall of the outer chamber is integrally formed with multiple elastic plates. The multiple elastic plates surround the outer periphery of the measuring opening, and the multiple elastic plates have an elastic force to expand outward near one end of the measuring opening.

4. The laser measuring device for thickness of tunnel shotcrete according to claim 1, characterized in that: The driving structure includes a rotating connecting shaft, which is fixedly connected to the outside of the sliding box, and the outside of the rotating connecting shaft is fixedly connected to an angle adjustment motor, a support plate is installed at the bottom of the angle adjustment motor, and a moving rod is fixedly connected to the bottom of the support plate, and a rack is integrally formed on the outside of the moving rod, and a sliding sleeve is slidably connected to the outside of the moving rod, and the bottom of the sliding sleeve is fixedly connected to the support connecting plate, and the outside of the sliding sleeve is fixedly connected to a fixed seat, and a driving motor is fixedly connected to the fixed seat, and the output shaft of the driving motor is fixedly connected to a gear, and the gear is meshed with the rack.

5. The laser measuring device for thickness of tunnel shotcrete according to claim 4, characterized in that: A sliding groove is provided on the outside of the moving rod, and two electromagnet blocks are slidably connected to the inside of the sliding sleeve. The electromagnet blocks are slidably connected to the inside of the sliding groove.

6. The laser measuring device for thickness of tunnel shotcrete according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inflation structure includes a two-way air pump, the air inlet and outlet of the two-way air pump are connected to an electrically controlled two-way valve, the air inlet and air outlet of the electrically controlled two-way valve are both connected to a connecting air intake box through a hose, the outside of the connecting air intake box is connected to two pushing bladders, one of the pushing bladders is connected to a gas delivery pipe at one end away from the connecting air intake box, and the gas delivery pipe is connected to the outer chamber of the double-layer expansion bladder, and the other gas delivery pipe is connected to an exhaust delivery pipe at one end away from the connecting air intake box, and the exhaust delivery pipe is connected to the inner chamber of the double-layer expansion bladder.

7. The laser measuring device for thickness of tunnel shotcrete according to claim 3, characterized in that: One end of the elastic plate is rotatably connected to a roller.

8. The laser measuring device for thickness of tunnel shotcrete according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outside of the adsorption hole is fixedly connected with a side plate, the outside of the side plate is fixedly connected with a second laser measurer, and the second laser measurer is parallel to the first laser measurer.

9. The laser measuring device for thickness of tunnel shotcrete according to claim 5, characterized in that: The exterior of the electromagnet block and the inner wall of the sliding groove are both bonded with a rough matte layer.

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