Measuring device and method for detecting thickness of ice layer through temperature sensor

Abstract

The invention discloses a measuring device and method for detecting the thickness of an ice layer through a temperature sensor. The device comprises a temperature probe, a data processing module, a communication module and a power supply module, the temperature probe comprises a pipeline and a plurality of temperature sensors arranged in the pipeline, the output ends of the temperature sensors are connected with the input end of the data processing module, and the communication module is connected with the data processing module; the method comprises the following steps: acquiring temperature data; calculating the temperature gradient of the ice layer and the temperature gradient of the water layer; determining the position of 0 DEG C; and calculating interfaces between air and ice / water and between ice and water so as to determine the thickness of the ice layer. The ice layer thickness is detected through networking of the temperature sensors, large-area monitoring can be achieved, and the ice layer thickness monitoring device has the advantages of being low in cost, high in precision and capable of achieving real-time monitoring, can be used for monitoring the ice layer thickness and has important application value for meteorological research, on-ice activities and production operation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of intelligent detection technology, and in particular relates to a measuring device and method for detecting ice thickness by using a temperature sensor. Background Art

[0002] Monitoring ice thickness is a core topic in polar science, climate change research, and ice engineering safety, and its importance is self-evident. Accurately understanding ice thickness is not only crucial to understanding the global water cycle and heat balance, but also directly impacts ice resource development and shipping safety, making it a key driver of the development of related disciplines.

[0003] Currently, the main methods for measuring ice thickness include mechanical measurement, ultrasonic measurement, and satellite remote sensing. While mechanical measurement is simple, it requires manual operation and carries a high degree of risk. Ultrasonic measurement, while highly accurate, is expensive and susceptible to environmental influences. Satellite remote sensing, while capable of providing wide-area data, is limited in accuracy by resolution and interference from complex terrain, making it difficult to meet high-precision requirements. These limitations render existing technologies inadequate for large-scale, high-precision ice thickness monitoring. Therefore, a new ice thickness measurement method is needed to address these challenges. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to address the deficiencies in the above-mentioned prior art and provide a measuring device for detecting ice thickness through temperature sensors. The device detects ice thickness through networking of temperature sensors, which can realize large-area monitoring; the ice thickness can be calculated with high precision through a data processing module; the real-time transmission of data can be realized through a communication module; and the design of three independent groups of temperature sensors increases the reliability of the temperature probe and the accuracy of the data.

[0005] To solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: a measuring device for detecting ice thickness using a temperature sensor, comprising a temperature probe for placement under the water surface before the water surface freezes or in the ice layer after the water surface freezes, a data processing module for processing data collected by the temperature probe, a communication module for transmitting the data processed by the data processing module to a remote receiving device in real time, and a power supply module for supplying power to various power-consuming modules in the device;

[0006] The temperature probe includes a pipeline and a plurality of temperature sensors arranged inside the pipeline. The output end of the temperature sensor is connected to the input end of the data processing module, and the communication module is connected to the data processing module.

[0007] The above-mentioned measuring device for detecting the thickness of the ice layer through a temperature sensor has an internal thread at one end of the pipe and an external thread at the other end of the pipe. The internal thread and the external thread are matched and a sealing gasket is added to form a threaded structure, thereby realizing the connection of the two pipes to achieve the purpose of extending the measuring depth.

[0008] The above-mentioned measuring device for detecting the thickness of the ice layer through temperature sensors adopts a multi-group interlaced structural design, and the multiple temperature sensors are evenly arranged at a fixed distance inside the pipeline. The temperature sensors are adhered to the inner wall of the pipeline through thermal conductive silicone, and the temperature sensors are tightly connected to the inner wall of the pipeline, and the gaps in the pipeline are filled with inert material to fix the temperature sensors.

[0009] The above-mentioned measuring device for detecting the thickness of ice layer by temperature sensor, the pipe is made of metal, plastic or resin synthetic material, used to achieve waterproof and supporting functions; the inert material includes one or more combinations of polyethylene foam material, pulp molding material and synthetic sponge material.

[0010] The above-mentioned measuring device for detecting ice thickness through a temperature sensor is provided with an angle sensor in the pipe for detecting the relative angle between the temperature probe and the ice surface, and the output end of the angle sensor is connected to the input end of the data processing module.

[0011] In the above-mentioned measuring device for detecting ice thickness through a temperature sensor, the data processing module includes a single-chip computer system module installed in a device box that has been treated to be cold-resistant and waterproof; the communication module is a SIM module, a WIFI module, a 433M module or a satellite module.

[0012] The above-mentioned measuring device for detecting ice thickness through a temperature sensor, the power supply module includes a voltage stabilizing circuit and a rechargeable battery connected in sequence, a solar photovoltaic panel is provided on the upper part of the temperature probe, and the solar photovoltaic panel is connected to the voltage stabilizing circuit.

[0013] The present invention also discloses a method for measuring ice thickness using the above-mentioned device. The method has high monitoring accuracy and can be used to monitor ice thickness, which has important application value for meteorological research, ice activities, and production operations. The method comprises the following steps:

[0014] Step S1, temperature data collection: Use a temperature probe to detect the temperature distribution of the ice layer and the water layer, and obtain the temperature T of the ice layer. i and position X i Data, and the temperature of the water layer T w and position X w Data, constitutes the temperature chain monitoring data; where i is the number of temperature and position data of the ice layer, and w is the number of temperature and position data of the water layer;

[0015] Step S2: Calculate the temperature gradient of the ice layer and the temperature gradient of the water layer. The specific process is as follows:

[0016] Step S201: Find the negative temperature interval closest to 0°C in the temperature chain monitoring data at any moment and calculate the temperature gradient of the ice layer:

[0017]

[0018] Among them, T i1 and T i2 are the temperatures of two adjacent monitoring points in the ice layer, X i1 For T i1 The corresponding position, X i2 For T i2 Corresponding position; X represents the unit spacing;

[0019] Step S202: Find the positive temperature interval closest to 0°C in the temperature chain monitoring data at the same time, and calculate the temperature gradient of the water layer:

[0020]

[0021] Among them, T w1 and T w2 are the temperatures of two adjacent monitoring points in the water layer, X w1 For T w1 The corresponding position, X w2 For T w2 Corresponding position; X represents the unit spacing;

[0022] Step S3: Determine the position of 0°C. The specific process is as follows:

[0023] Step S301: Assume that the temperature distribution near the ice-water interface is linear, and the temperature distribution of the ice layer is:

[0024]

[0025] Among them, T i (x) is the temperature at position x in the ice layer, T i0 is the position x in the ice layer closest to position x io The measured temperature, is the ice layer temperature gradient;

[0026] The temperature distribution of the water layer is:

[0027]

[0028] Among them, T w (x) is the temperature at position x in the water layer, T w0is the position x in the water layer closest to position x wo The measured temperature, is the water layer temperature gradient;

[0029] The ice-water interface conditions are:

[0030] At x=x0, T i (x0)=0℃,T w (x0) = 0°C;

[0031] Where x0 is the position of the ice-water interface;

[0032] Step S302: Calculate x0 from the ice layer temperature distribution:

[0033]

[0034] The solution is:

[0035]

[0036] Step S303: Calculate x0 based on the water layer temperature distribution:

[0037]

[0038] The solution is:

[0039]

[0040] Step S304: Combine the temperature gradients of the ice layer and the water layer. Since the heat flux density at the ice-water interface is equal, therefore:

[0041]

[0042] Where: k i is the specific heat of ice, is the ice layer temperature gradient, k w is the specific heat of the water layer, is the water layer temperature gradient;

[0043] Therefore, the ratio q of the temperature gradient is:

[0044]

[0045] Substituting into the expression for x0, we can obtain a more accurate position of the ice-water interface;

[0046] Step S4: Calculate the interface between air and ice / water, and between ice and water, and then determine the thickness of the ice layer. The specific process is as follows:

[0047] Step S401: Based on the fact that the daily variation of the air temperature above the ice / water surface is much greater than the ice / water properties, the interface between the air and ice / water is preliminarily determined, and then the interface between the air and water is calculated based on the temperature gradient determination principle of the ice-water interface;

[0048] Step S402: Find the interval closest to 0°C in the temperature chain monitoring data at any time, calculate the ratio q of the temperature gradient, and calculate the 0°C position based on the ratio q, which is the interface between ice and water. Finally, the absolute value of the difference between the ice-water interface and the air-ice / water interface is the ice layer thickness.

[0049] In the above measurement method, after the temperature data is collected in step S1, a linear interpolation method is used to supplement the missing point data of the temperature chain monitoring data.

[0050] In the above-mentioned measurement method, after determining the ice thickness in step S4, it is further determined whether the relative angle between the temperature probe detected by the angle sensor and the ice surface is 0°. If it is 0°, the ice thickness determined in step S4 is the final ice thickness; if it is not 0°, step S5 is executed.

[0051] Step S5: Assume that the relative angle between the temperature probe and the ice surface is θ, the ice thickness determined in step S4 is CT, and the final ice thickness T is calculated according to the formula T=CT·cos(θ).

[0052] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0053] 1. The present invention detects ice thickness through a network of temperature sensors, which can achieve large-area monitoring; the ice thickness can be calculated with high precision through a data processing module; and the real-time transmission of data can be achieved through a communication module.

[0054] 2. The present invention increases the reliability of the temperature probe and the accuracy of the data through the design of three independent groups of temperature sensors.

[0055] 3. The present invention has the advantages of low cost, high precision and real-time monitoring. It can be used to monitor ice thickness and has important application value for meteorological research, ice activities and production operations.

[0056] The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail below through the accompanying drawings and embodiments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0057] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of the measuring device of the present invention;

[0058] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of measuring ice thickness using the measuring device of the present invention;

[0059] Figure 3This is a schematic diagram of the layout of multiple temperature sensors of the present invention.

[0060] Description of the accompanying drawings:

[0061] 1—Temperature probe; 2—Temperature sensor; 3—Connection port;

[0062] 4—Data conductor; 5—Data processing module; 6—Communication module;

[0063] 7—Power module; 8—Solar photovoltaic panel; 9—Angle sensor. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0064] Example 1

[0065] like Figure 1 、 Figure 2 、 Figure 3 As shown, the measuring device for detecting ice thickness by using a temperature sensor in this embodiment includes a temperature probe 1 for being placed under the water surface before the water surface freezes or in the ice layer after the water surface freezes, a data processing module 5 for processing data collected by the temperature probe 1, a communication module 6 for transmitting the data processed by the data processing module 5 to a remote receiving device 7 in real time, and a power supply module 7 for supplying power to various power-consuming modules in the device;

[0066] The temperature probe 1 includes a pipeline and a plurality of temperature sensors 2 arranged inside the pipeline. The output end of the temperature sensor 2 is connected to the input end of the data processing module 5 , and the communication module 6 is connected to the data processing module 5 .

[0067] In this embodiment, one end of the pipe is provided with an internal thread, and the other end of the pipe is provided with an external thread. The internal thread and the external thread are matched and a sealing gasket is added to form a threaded structure, thereby realizing the connection between the two pipes to achieve the purpose of extending the measurement depth.

[0068] This design allows the two sections of pipe to be connected by rotation to form a whole when necessary, thereby extending the measurement depth after connecting the lines.

[0069] In this embodiment, the multiple temperature sensors 2 adopt a multi-group interlaced structural design to prevent the distortion of interval data caused by damage to a single temperature sensor, and the mutual influence of temperature sensors in the same group due to failure; the multiple temperature sensors 2 are evenly arranged at a fixed distance inside the pipeline, and the temperature sensors 2 are adhered to the inner wall of the pipeline by thermal conductive silicone to prevent displacement. The temperature sensors 2 are tightly connected to the inner wall of the pipeline to facilitate temperature conduction, and the gaps in the pipeline are filled with inert material to fix the temperature sensors 2.

[0070] In a specific implementation, the temperature sensors 2 are arranged in three interlaced groups, each using a single bus for data transmission and independent power lines, and each group can operate independently. The temperature sensors 2 are arranged vertically and equidistantly within the pipeline. The first group of temperature sensors 2 is arranged in the order A1, A2, A3, A4, etc., the second group of temperature sensors 2 is arranged in the order B1, B2, B3, B4, etc., and the third group of temperature sensors 2 is arranged in the order C1, C2, C3, C4, etc. The distance between two adjacent temperature sensors 2 can be set between 3 mm and 10 cm depending on the specific situation. The order of arrangement of the temperature sensors 2 is A1, B1, C1, A2, B2, C2, A3, B3, C3, A4, B4, C4, etc., and so on, until the desired length is achieved.

[0071] In specific implementation, the number of temperature sensors 2 can be increased or decreased according to the detection depth and detection accuracy. The temperature sensor 2 is sealed by a waterproof coating for waterproofing.

[0072] In this embodiment, the pipe is made of metal, plastic or resin composite material to achieve waterproof and supporting functions; the inert material includes a combination of one or more of polyethylene foam material, pulp molding material and synthetic sponge material.

[0073] The inert material filling also has the function of preventing temperature from being conducted along the inside of the pipeline.

[0074] In this embodiment, an angle sensor 9 for detecting the relative angle between the temperature probe 1 and the ice surface is provided in the pipeline, and an output end of the angle sensor 9 is connected to an input end of the data processing module 5 .

[0075] In specific implementation, the data processing module 5 can correct the actual spacing parameters of each temperature sensor 2 and the ice surface in the vertical direction according to the relative angle between the temperature probe 1 and the ice surface detected by the angle sensor 9, thereby improving the detection accuracy.

[0076] In a specific implementation, the angle sensor 9 includes but is not limited to an electronic gyroscope sensor, for example, an MPU6050 gyroscope sensor is used, and the data processing module 5 is connected to the MPU6050 gyroscope sensor via a serial port.

[0077] In this embodiment, the data processing module 5 includes a single-chip microcomputer system module installed in a device box that has been treated to be cold-resistant and waterproof; the communication module 6 is a SIM module, a WIFI module, a 433M module or a satellite module.

[0078] The data processing module 5 realizes temperature sensor grouping, data processing, data encoding, etc. through programming; in specific implementation, the single-chip computer system module includes but is not limited to: 51 series, ATmega series or programmable single-chip computer processors with higher performance and peripheral circuits.

[0079] The communication module 6 is used to transmit the data processed by the data processing module 5 to a remote receiving device in real time, and can also use wired communication methods such as 485 when necessary.

[0080] In this embodiment, the power module 7 includes a voltage stabilizing circuit and a rechargeable battery connected in sequence. A solar photovoltaic panel 8 is provided on the upper portion of the temperature probe 1 , and the solar photovoltaic panel 8 is connected to the voltage stabilizing circuit.

[0081] In a specific implementation, the rechargeable batteries 2-5 include but are not limited to lead-acid batteries, gel batteries, lithium batteries and nickel-metal hydride batteries.

[0082] During specific implementation, the data processing module 5, the communication module 6 and the power supply module 7 are all installed in a device box that has been treated to be cold-resistant and waterproof.

[0083] In a specific implementation, the remote receiving device includes but is not limited to mobile phones, computers, tablets and other electronic devices that can connect to the Internet.

[0084] In specific implementation, a connection port 3 for connecting the angle sensor 9 and multiple temperature sensors 2 to the data processing module 5 is provided on the top of the temperature probe 1 , and the connection port is connected to the data processing module 5 via a data wire 4 .

[0085] The present invention detects the thickness of the ice layer through a temperature probe 1 and a data processing module 5, and transmits the data in real time to a remote receiving device through a communication module 6. The present invention has the advantages of low cost, high precision and real-time monitoring.

[0086] Example 2

[0087] The method for measuring ice thickness using a temperature sensor in this embodiment includes the following steps:

[0088] Step S1, temperature data collection: Use temperature probe 1 to detect the temperature distribution of ice layer and water layer, and obtain the temperature T of ice layer. i and position X i Data, and the temperature of the water layer T w and position X w Data, constitutes the temperature chain monitoring data; where i is the number of temperature and position data of the ice layer, and w is the number of temperature and position data of the water layer;

[0089] Temperature T i Negative temperature in the temperature chain monitoring data; temperature Tw Positive temperature in temperature chain monitoring data;

[0090] Step S2: Calculate the temperature gradient of the ice layer and the temperature gradient of the water layer. The specific process is as follows:

[0091] Step S201: Find the negative temperature interval closest to 0°C in the temperature chain monitoring data at any moment and calculate the temperature gradient of the ice layer:

[0092]

[0093] Among them, T i1 and T i2 are the temperatures of two adjacent monitoring points in the ice layer, X i1 For T i1 The corresponding position, X i2 For T i2 Corresponding position; X represents the unit spacing;

[0094] Step S202: Find the positive temperature interval closest to 0°C in the temperature chain monitoring data at the same time, and calculate the temperature gradient of the water layer:

[0095]

[0096] Among them, T w1 and T w2 are the temperatures of two adjacent monitoring points in the water layer, X w1 For T w1 The corresponding position, X w2 For T w2 Corresponding position; X represents the unit spacing;

[0097] Step S3: Determine the position of 0°C. The specific process is as follows:

[0098] Step S301: Assume that the temperature distribution near the ice-water interface is linear, and the temperature distribution of the ice layer is:

[0099]

[0100] Among them, T i (x) is the temperature at position x in the ice layer, T i0 is the position x in the ice layer closest to position x io The measured temperature, is the ice layer temperature gradient;

[0101] The temperature distribution of the water layer is:

[0102]

[0103] Among them, T w(x) is the temperature at position x in the water layer, T w0 is the position x in the water layer closest to position x wo The measured temperature, is the water layer temperature gradient;

[0104] The ice-water interface conditions are:

[0105] At x=x0, T i (x0)=0℃,T w (x0) = 0°C;

[0106] Among them, x0 is the position of the ice-water interface, that is, the position of 0°C;

[0107] Step S302: Calculate x0 from the ice layer temperature distribution:

[0108]

[0109] The solution is:

[0110]

[0111] Step S303: Calculate x0 based on the water layer temperature distribution:

[0112]

[0113] The solution is:

[0114]

[0115] Step S304: Combine the temperature gradients of the ice layer and the water layer. Since the heat flux density at the ice-water interface is equal, therefore:

[0116]

[0117] Where: k i is the specific heat of ice, is the ice layer temperature gradient, k w is the specific heat of the water layer, is the water layer temperature gradient;

[0118] Therefore, the ratio q of the temperature gradient is:

[0119]

[0120] Substituting into the expression for x0, we can obtain a more accurate position of the ice-water interface;

[0121] Step S4: Calculate the interface between air and ice / water, and between ice and water, and then determine the thickness of the ice layer. The specific process is as follows:

[0122] Step S401: Based on the fact that the daily variation of the air temperature above the ice / water surface is much greater than the ice / water properties, the interface between the air and ice / water is preliminarily determined, and then the interface between the air and water is calculated based on the temperature gradient determination principle of the ice-water interface;

[0123] Step S402: Find the interval closest to 0°C in the temperature chain monitoring data at any time, calculate the ratio q of the temperature gradient, and calculate the 0°C position based on the ratio q, which is the interface between ice and water. Finally, the absolute value of the difference between the ice-water interface and the air-ice / water interface is the ice layer thickness.

[0124] In this embodiment, after the temperature data is collected in step S1, a linear interpolation method is used to supplement the missing point data of the temperature chain monitoring data.

[0125] In this embodiment, after the ice thickness is determined in step S4, it is also determined whether the relative angle between the temperature probe 1 and the ice surface detected by the angle sensor 9 is 0°. If it is 0°, the ice thickness determined in step S4 is the final ice thickness; if it is not 0°, step S5 is executed.

[0126] Step S5: Assume that the relative angle between the temperature probe 1 and the ice surface is θ, and the ice thickness determined in step S4 is CT. The relative angle between the temperature probe 1 and the ice surface causes a deviation between the measured ice thickness and the actual thickness. The measured value needs to be corrected by the tilt angle θ to obtain the true ice thickness; the final ice thickness T is calculated according to the formula T = CT cos(θ).

[0127] For example, if the water depth at the test site is 2 meters and the maximum ice thickness is expected to be around 100 cm, the pipe length of the temperature probe 1 is selected to be 3 meters. Two 1.5-meter-long temperature probes 1 are connected using a threaded connection to reach a length of 3 meters, resulting in approximately 60 temperature sensors 2 being deployed. Before or after the water surface freezes, the pipe of the temperature probe 1 is vertically placed in the water using floats, drilling, or piling, with the 2-meter end of the temperature probe 1 below the water surface and the 1-meter end above.

[0128] The data processing module 5 calculates the temperature gradient of the ice layer and the temperature gradient of the water layer based on the temperature chain monitoring data collected by the temperature probe 1, determines the position of 0°C, calculates the interface between air and ice / water, and between ice and water, and then determines the thickness of the ice layer; the data processing module 5 sends the ice layer thickness data through the communication module 6. The communication module 6 can use the SIM900 universal module or the SIM800 universal module under the condition of mobile wireless communication signal coverage to realize the reception of data through the network methods such as mobile phone text messages, emails, and websites; in the case of no mobile communication signal coverage, the Iris or Beidou data module can be used to use a remote receiving device to receive data.

[0129] Because the temperature sensors 2 are located inside the ice layer and are not easily replaced, in order to improve measurement accuracy and prevent interference between the temperature sensors 2 and data distortion caused by damage to individual temperature sensors 2 that interferes with the data bus or affects the power supply, in this example, the 60 temperature sensors 2 are divided into 3 groups, with 20 in each group using a separate power supply and data bus. For example, even if the temperature sensors 2 in 2 of the 3 groups of temperature sensors 2 are damaged and the data bus cannot transmit data correctly, the remaining group can still work independently. Furthermore, during data collection and ice thickness determination, the data processing module can compare the data curve parameters collected from any of the three groups with the other two groups for calibration. For example, if group 1 has data curves of A1: -5°; A2: -4°; A3: -3°; A4: -2°, and group 2 has data curves of B1: -5.35°; B2: -4.37°; B3: -3.3°; B4: -2.3°, and group 3 has data curves of C1: -5.7°; C2: -4.6°; C3: -7.°; C4: -2.75°, then, since groups 1 and 2 maintain identical curves, while group 3 exhibits an abnormal curve, the module can determine, based on historical data, that a temperature sensor 2 in each of the three groups is distorted, thereby performing calibration compensation. This grouping of temperature sensors provides backup for temperature sensors at a minimal cost, without increasing cost. This ensures that even if any of the 60 temperature sensors 2 fail, the overall measurement results remain valid.

[0130] In specific implementations, when three sets of sensors are sampling simultaneously, the minimum distance between any two adjacent temperature sensors is 5 cm. When only one set is sampling, the minimum distance between two adjacent sensors is 15 cm. To improve resolution, algorithms can be used to obtain more accurate location temperatures. Specifically, within the ice layer, without the influence of external heat or cold sources, the temperature gradient is typically small or nonexistent. The midpoint temperature Tmid between the two sensors with the minimum distance is assumed to be approximately (T1 + T2) / 2. If T1 and T2 differ significantly, and the direction of the temperature gradient (e.g., gradually increasing or decreasing from T1 to T2) is used, linear interpolation can be used to estimate the midpoint temperature. For example, if the temperature increases linearly from T1 to T2, the midpoint temperature Tmid can be determined as T1 + (dmid - d1) · (T2 - T1) / (d2 - d1), where d1 and d2 are the distances from the two sensors to one end of the ice block, respectively, and dmid is the distance from the midpoint to that end. Using the above formula, although the minimum distance between any two adjacent sensors A1 and B1 is 5 cm, the temperature of any point between the two sensors can be calculated based on the temperatures collected by the two sensors, thereby improving data resolution. Similarly, if any one or two of the three sensor groups become inaccurate due to damage to individual circuits or sensors, temperature data can still be collected using only one sensor group according to the above algorithm.

[0131] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the present invention in any way. Any simple modification, change and equivalent structural change made to the above embodiment based on the technical essence of the present invention shall still fall within the scope of protection of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A device for measuring ice thickness using a temperature sensor, characterized in that: The device comprises a temperature probe (1) for being placed under the water surface before the water surface freezes or in the ice layer after the water surface freezes, a data processing module (5) for processing data collected by the temperature probe (1), a communication module (6) for transmitting the data processed by the data processing module (5) to a remote receiving device (7) in real time, and a power supply module (7) for supplying power to each power-consuming module in the device; The temperature probe (1) comprises a pipeline and a plurality of temperature sensors (2) arranged inside the pipeline, the output end of the temperature sensor (2) is connected to the input end of the data processing module (5), and the communication module (6) is connected to the data processing module (5).

2. The device for measuring ice thickness using a temperature sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that: One end of the pipe is provided with an internal thread, and the other end of the pipe is provided with an external thread. The internal thread and the external thread are matched and a sealing gasket is added to form a threaded structure, so that the two pipes are connected to achieve the purpose of extending the measurement depth.

3. The device for measuring ice thickness using a temperature sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The plurality of temperature sensors (2) adopt a multi-group interlaced structural design, and the plurality of temperature sensors (2) are evenly arranged at a fixed distance inside the pipeline. The temperature sensors (2) are adhered to the inner wall of the pipeline through thermally conductive silica gel, and the temperature sensors (2) are tightly connected to the inner wall of the pipeline, and the gaps in the pipeline are filled with inert material to fix the temperature sensors (2).

4. The device for measuring ice thickness using a temperature sensor according to claim 1, wherein: The pipe is made of metal, plastic or resin composite material to achieve waterproof and supporting functions; the inert material includes one or more combinations of polyethylene foam material, pulp molding material and synthetic sponge material.

5. The device for measuring ice thickness using a temperature sensor according to claim 1, wherein: An angle sensor (9) for detecting the relative angle between the temperature probe (1) and the ice surface is provided in the pipeline, and an output end of the angle sensor (9) is connected to an input end of the data processing module (5).

6. The device for measuring ice thickness using a temperature sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The data processing module (5) comprises a single-chip microcomputer system module installed in a device box that has been treated to be cold-resistant and waterproof; the communication module (6) is a SIM module, a WIFI module, a 433M module or a satellite module.

7. The device for measuring ice thickness using a temperature sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The power supply module (7) comprises a voltage stabilizing circuit and a rechargeable battery connected in sequence, and a solar photovoltaic panel (8) is provided on the upper part of the temperature probe (1), and the solar photovoltaic panel (8) is connected to the voltage stabilizing circuit.

8. A method for measuring ice thickness using the device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: Step S1, temperature data collection: Use the temperature probe (1) to detect the temperature distribution of the ice layer and the water layer, and obtain the temperature T of the ice layer. i and position X i Data, and the temperature of the water layer T w and position X w Data, constitutes the temperature chain monitoring data; where i is the number of temperature and position data of the ice layer, and w is the number of temperature and position data of the water layer; Step S2: Calculate the temperature gradient of the ice layer and the temperature gradient of the water layer. The specific process is as follows: Step S201: Find the negative temperature interval closest to 0°C in the temperature chain monitoring data at any moment and calculate the temperature gradient of the ice layer: Among them, T i1 and T i2 are the temperatures of two adjacent monitoring points in the ice layer, X i1 For T i1 The corresponding position, X i2 For T i2 Corresponding position; X represents the unit spacing; Step S202: Find the positive temperature interval closest to 0°C in the temperature chain monitoring data at the same time, and calculate the temperature gradient of the water layer: Among them, T w1 and T w2 are the temperatures of two adjacent monitoring points in the water layer, X w1 For T w1 The corresponding position, X w2 For T w2 Corresponding position; X represents the unit spacing; Step S3: Determine the position of 0°C. The specific process is as follows: Step S301: Assume that the temperature distribution near the ice-water interface is linear, and the temperature distribution of the ice layer is: Among them, T i (x) is the temperature at position x in the ice layer, T i0 is the position x in the ice layer closest to position x io The measured temperature, is the ice layer temperature gradient; The temperature distribution of the water layer is: Among them, T w (x) is the temperature at position x in the water layer, T w0 is the position x in the water layer closest to position x wo The measured temperature, is the water layer temperature gradient; The ice-water interface conditions are: At x=x0, T i (x0)=0℃,T w (x0) = 0°C; Where x0 is the position of the ice-water interface; Step S302: Calculate x0 from the ice layer temperature distribution: The solution is: Step S303: Calculate x0 based on the water layer temperature distribution: The solution is: Step S304: Combine the temperature gradients of the ice layer and the water layer. Since the heat flux density at the ice-water interface is equal, therefore: Where: k i is the specific heat of ice, is the ice layer temperature gradient, k w is the specific heat of the water layer, is the water layer temperature gradient; Therefore, the ratio q of the temperature gradient is: Substituting into the expression for x0, we can obtain a more accurate position of the ice-water interface; Step S4: Calculate the interface between air and ice / water, and between ice and water, and then determine the thickness of the ice layer. The specific process is as follows: Step S401: Based on the fact that the daily variation of the air temperature above the ice / water surface is much greater than the ice / water properties, the interface between the air and ice / water is preliminarily determined, and then the interface between the air and water is calculated based on the temperature gradient determination principle of the ice-water interface; Step S402: Find the interval closest to 0°C in the temperature chain monitoring data at any time, calculate the ratio q of the temperature gradient, and calculate the 0°C position based on the ratio q, which is the interface between ice and water. Finally, the absolute value of the difference between the ice-water interface and the air-ice / water interface is the ice layer thickness.

9. The measuring method according to claim 8, characterized in that: After the temperature data is collected in step S1, a linear interpolation method is used to supplement the missing point data of the temperature chain monitoring data.

10. The measuring method according to claim 8, characterized in that: After the ice layer thickness is determined in step S4, it is also determined whether the relative angle between the temperature probe (1) detected by the angle sensor (9) and the ice surface is 0°. If it is 0°, the ice layer thickness determined in step S4 is the final ice layer thickness; if it is not 0°, step S5 is executed; Step S5: Assume that the relative angle between the temperature probe (1) and the ice surface is θ, the ice thickness determined in step S4 is CT, and the final ice thickness T is calculated according to the formula T=CT·cos(θ).

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