Antenna

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of wireless communication, and provides an antenna. The antenna comprises an antenna body and a lens. And a ridge waveguide part is arranged in the antenna body. The lens is arranged at the radiation end of the antenna body and used for improving antenna gain. Therefore, a 3dB continuous scanning high-gain multi-beam antenna can be formed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of wireless communication technology, and in particular to an antenna. Background Art

[0002] In related technologies, multi-beam antennas use rectangular waveguides as feed sources in a continuous arrangement. This results in a feed array spacing greater than half a wavelength, making it impossible for multi-beam antennas to achieve 3dB continuous beam scanning. Mechanical structures are required to move the feed sources to achieve this. This results in complex multi-beam antennas, and the speed of mechanical feed movement is limited, which may not meet the requirements of rapid beam switching scenarios. Summary of the Invention

[0003] An embodiment of the present application provides an antenna that realizes continuous scanning of the antenna's 3dB beam and simplifies the antenna's structure, thereby at least partially solving the above-mentioned technical problems.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present application provides an antenna, comprising:

[0005] The antenna body has a ridge waveguide portion provided therein;

[0006] The lens is arranged at the radiation end of the antenna body and is used to improve the antenna gain.

[0007] Optionally, the length of the ridge waveguide portion is D1, which satisfies: 0.09 mm ≤ D1 ≤ 0.18 mm; and / or the width of the ridge waveguide portion is D2, which satisfies: 0.01 mm ≤ D2 ≤ 0.54 mm.

[0008] Optionally, the antenna body includes a first body portion and a second body portion arranged opposite to each other along a first direction;

[0009] Wherein, the ridge waveguide portion is provided on one side of the first body portion and the second body portion facing each other.

[0010] Optionally, the ridge waveguide portion provided on the first body portion is provided along a center line of the first body portion; and / or the ridge waveguide portion provided on the second body portion is provided along a center line of the second body portion.

[0011] Optionally, the extension length of the ridge waveguide portion is the same as the extension length of the first body portion, and / or the extension length of the ridge waveguide portion is the same as the extension length of the second body portion.

[0012] Optionally, the antenna body further includes a third body portion and a fourth body portion arranged opposite to each other along the second direction;

[0013] The ridge waveguide portion is provided on one side of the third body portion and the fourth body portion facing each other, and the second direction is arranged at an angle to the first direction.

[0014] Optionally, the ridge waveguide portion provided on the first body portion is provided along the center line of the third body portion; and / or the ridge waveguide portion provided on the second body portion is provided along the center line of the fourth body portion;

[0015] The extending length of the ridge waveguide portion is the same as the extending length of the third body portion, and / or the extending length of the ridge waveguide portion is the same as the extending length of the fourth body portion.

[0016] Optionally, the antenna body is located in the focal plane of the lens, and the center of the antenna body coincides with the focus of the lens.

[0017] Optionally, the lens includes at least two dielectric layers, and the dielectric constants of the at least two dielectric layers decrease from the inside to the outside.

[0018] Optionally, the lens includes a first dielectric layer, a second dielectric layer and a third dielectric layer sequentially arranged from the inside to the outside, the first dielectric layer is a cycloolefin polymer optical material layer, the second dielectric layer is a polypropylene layer, and the third dielectric layer is a Teflon layer.

[0019] In the antenna of the present application, a ridge waveguide is added to the antenna body to lower the cutoff frequency, enabling direct half-wavelength arraying. This achieves continuous 3dB beam scanning, while simplifying the antenna structure and offering the advantages of a compact size. A lens is used to increase antenna gain, achieving high antenna gain. This creates a high-gain multi-beam antenna with continuous 3dB scanning.

[0020] Other features and advantages of the present application will be described in detail in the subsequent detailed description. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for describing the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. Those skilled in the art can also derive other drawings based on these drawings without inventive effort.

[0022] In order to more completely understand the present application and its beneficial effects, the following description will be given in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein the same drawing numbers represent the same parts in the following description.

[0023] Figure 1is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an antenna provided in an exemplary embodiment of the present application;

[0024] Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna body provided in an exemplary embodiment of the present application;

[0025] Figure 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a lens provided in an exemplary embodiment of the present application;

[0026] Figure 4 is the S parameter of the antenna simulation provided in the exemplary embodiment of the present application;

[0027] Figure 5 are the normalized E-plane and H-plane patterns of the antenna simulation provided in the exemplary embodiment of the present application;

[0028] Figure 6 is the beam scanning pattern of the antenna provided in the exemplary embodiment of the present application.

[0029] Description of reference numerals:

[0030] 1. Antenna body; 11. First body portion; 12. Second body portion; 13. Third body portion; 14. Fourth body portion;

[0031] 2. Lens; 21. First dielectric layer; 22. Second dielectric layer; 23. Third dielectric layer;

[0032] 3. Ridge waveguide part. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the embodiments described are only part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0034] Reference Figures 1 to 6 The present application provides an antenna. The antenna includes an antenna body 1 and a lens 2. The antenna body 1 is provided with a ridge waveguide portion 3. The lens 2 is provided at the radiation end of the antenna body 1 to increase the antenna gain.

[0035] In this embodiment, by adding a ridge waveguide portion 3 within antenna body 1 to lower the cutoff frequency of antenna body 1, antenna body 1 can directly implement a half-wavelength array, achieving 3dB continuous beam scanning of antenna body 1. This also simplifies the structure of antenna body 1 and offers the advantages of a small size. Lens 2 radiates multiple signal beams in the same direction, achieving high gain and multi-beam antenna performance. This creates a high-gain multi-beam antenna with 3dB continuous scanning.

[0036] In some embodiments, the antenna body 1 is configured as a polygonal structure, such as a quadrilateral or hexagon. For example, the antenna body 1 is a square with a side length of 0.68 mm. Ridge waveguide portions 3 are added to the inner surfaces of opposite sides of the antenna body 1 to lower the cutoff frequency and reduce the size of the antenna body 1.

[0037] In some embodiments, the interior of the antenna body 1 is hollow, and the ridge waveguide portion 3 is disposed in the internal cavity of the antenna body 1 .

[0038] In some embodiments, the interior of the antenna body 1 is filled with a dielectric material, and the ridge waveguide portion 3 is embedded in the dielectric material.

[0039] In some embodiments, the lens 2 is a Luneburg lens 2. The lens 2 has multiple dielectric layers, and the multiple dielectric layers are preliminarily designed according to the equal thickness layering method or the equal difference layering method. The preliminarily designed lens 2 is then optimized based on the genetic algorithm to meet the index requirements. The index requirements are: to obtain a Luneburg lens 2 with an operating frequency band of 220 GHz (gigahertz), a gain greater than 34 dBi, and an aperture efficiency greater than 55%. Among them, the genetic algorithm provided by the electromagnetic field simulation software can be used to optimize the lens 2. Figure 4 As described above, it can be seen that the energy loss of the antenna decreases as the frequency increases. It can be seen that the ridge waveguide portion 3 can reduce the cutoff frequency, so that S11<-10dB in the frequency band of 220 GHz.

[0040] In some embodiments, the antenna body 1 is machined, and the lens 2 is machined by spherical shell injection molding.

[0041] In some embodiments, multiple antenna bodies 1 are provided, and the multiple antenna bodies 1 are arranged continuously and serve as a feed source. For example, there are 17 antenna bodies 1. The 17 antenna bodies 1 serve as a feed source, and the feed source corresponds to one lens 2.

[0042] like Figure 6 As shown, 17 antenna bodies 1 together serve as the beam scanning pattern of feed source switching. It can be seen that the 3dB beam is a continuous beam.

[0043] In some embodiments, a wave port is used for excitation at the bottom of the antenna body 1. The spherical electromagnetic wave passes through the antenna body 1 and is transmitted to the lens 2, and then passes through the lens 2 to obtain a plane electromagnetic wave.

[0044] In some embodiments, the length of the ridge waveguide portion 3 is D1, which satisfies: 0.09 mm ≤ D1 ≤ 0.18 mm, and / or the width of the ridge waveguide portion 3 is D2, which satisfies: 0.01 mm ≤ D2 ≤ 0.54 mm.

[0045] It can be understood that the length of the ridge waveguide portion 3 is set within the range of 0.09 mm to 0.18 mm, and the width of the ridge waveguide portion 3 is set within the range of 0.01 mm to 0.54 mm, so that the ridge waveguide portion 3 can reduce the cutoff frequency and ensure that the return loss of the antenna body 1 is below -10 dB.

[0046] In some embodiments, the length of the ridge waveguide portion 3 is set to 0.09 mm, 0.10 mm, 0.15 mm, 0.18 mm, or any value therebetween. The width of the ridge waveguide portion 3 is set to 0.01 mm, 0.10 mm, 0.20 mm, 0.30 mm, 0.40 mm, 0.50 mm, 0.54 mm, or any value therebetween.

[0047] In some embodiments, the length of the ridge waveguide portion 3 is D1, satisfying: D1 = 0.11 mm. The width of the ridge waveguide portion 3 is D2, satisfying: 0.01 mm ≤ D2 ≤ 0.54 mm. This allows the ridge waveguide portion 3 to lower the cutoff frequency and ensure that the return loss of the antenna body 1 is below -10 dB.

[0048] In some embodiments, the width of the ridge waveguide portion 3 is D2, satisfying: D2 = 0.05 mm. The length of the ridge waveguide portion 3 is D1, satisfying: 0.09 mm ≤ D1 ≤ 0.18 mm. This allows the ridge waveguide portion 3 to lower the cutoff frequency and ensure that the return loss of the antenna body 1 is below -10 dB.

[0049] like Figure 2 As shown, in some embodiments, the antenna body 1 includes a first body portion 11 and a second body portion 12 spaced apart along a first direction. A ridge waveguide portion 3 is provided on each side of the first body portion 11 and the second body portion 12 facing each other.

[0050] It can be understood that the ridge waveguide portion 3 is provided on the side of the first body portion 11 and the second body portion 12 facing each other, so as to have good symmetry. Figure 5 As shown in FIG, the normalized radiation patterns of the antenna in the E-plane and H-plane show that the 3dB lobe widths overlap, which shows good rotational symmetry.

[0051] In some embodiments, each of the first body portion 11 and the second body portion 12 is provided with a ridge waveguide portion 3 , and the ridge waveguide portions 3 on the first body portion 11 and the second body portion 12 are symmetrically arranged.

[0052] In some embodiments, the first direction is the length direction of the antenna body 1 .

[0053] In some embodiments, the ridge waveguide portion 3 disposed on the first body portion 11 is disposed along the center line of the first body portion 11 , and / or the ridge waveguide portion 3 disposed on the second body portion 12 is disposed along the center line of the second body portion 12 .

[0054] It is understood that positioning the ridge waveguide portion 3 along the centerline of the first body portion 11 can reduce the cutoff efficiency of the antenna body 1, making both the wide and narrow sides of the ridge waveguide portion 3 half a wavelength, facilitating half-wavelength arraying of the antenna array and achieving continuous beam scanning. Thus, the ridge waveguide portion 3 reduces the size of the antenna body 1, achieving a half-wavelength array of the antenna body 1, and ultimately achieving 3dB continuous beam scanning.

[0055] Positioning the ridge waveguide 3 along the centerline of the second body 12 reduces the cutoff efficiency of the antenna body 1, ensuring that both the wide and narrow sides of the ridge waveguide 3 are half a wavelength. This facilitates half-wavelength arraying of the antenna array, enabling continuous beam scanning. Thus, the ridge waveguide 3 reduces the size of the antenna body 1, enabling a half-wavelength array of the antenna body 1 and ultimately achieving 3dB continuous beam scanning.

[0056] In some embodiments, the extension length of the ridge waveguide portion 3 is the same as the extension length of the first body portion 11 , and / or the extension length of the ridge waveguide portion 3 is the same as the extension length of the second body portion 12 .

[0057] It is understood that the extension length of the ridge waveguide portion 3 is made the same as the extension length of the first body portion 11 to prevent the ridge waveguide portion 3 from changing the cutoff frequency band and return loss. The extension length of the ridge waveguide portion 3 is made the same as the extension length of the second body portion 12 to prevent the ridge waveguide portion 3 from changing the cutoff frequency band and return loss.

[0058] In some embodiments, the antenna body 1 further includes a third body portion 13 and a fourth body portion 14 disposed opposite to each other along a second direction, wherein the third body portion 13 and the fourth body portion 14 each have a ridge waveguide portion 3 on one side facing each other, and the second direction is angled with the first direction.

[0059] It can be understood that the ridge waveguide portion 3 is provided on each side of the third body portion 13 and the fourth body portion 14 facing each other, so as to make them have good symmetry. Figure 5As shown in FIG, the normalized radiation patterns of the antenna in the E-plane and H-plane show that the 3dB lobe widths overlap, which shows good rotational symmetry.

[0060] In some embodiments, each of the third body portion 13 and the fourth body portion 14 is provided with a ridge waveguide portion 3 , and the ridge waveguide portions 3 on the third body portion 13 and the fourth body portion 14 are symmetrically arranged.

[0061] In some embodiments, the second direction is a width direction of the antenna body 1. The first direction is perpendicular to the second direction.

[0062] In some embodiments, the first direction and the second direction are arranged at an acute angle, or the first direction and the second direction are arranged at an obtuse angle.

[0063] In some embodiments, the ridge waveguide portion 3 disposed on the first body portion 11 is disposed along the center line of the third body portion 13 , and / or the ridge waveguide portion 3 disposed on the second body portion 12 is disposed along the center line of the fourth body portion 14 .

[0064] It is understood that arranging the ridge waveguide portion 3 along the centerline of the third body portion 13 can reduce the cutoff efficiency of the antenna body 1, making the wide and narrow sides of the ridge waveguide portion 3 both half a wavelength, facilitating half-wavelength arraying of the antenna array and achieving continuous beam scanning. Thus, the ridge waveguide portion 3 is used to reduce the size of the antenna body 1, achieving a half-wavelength array of the antenna body 1, and ultimately achieving 3dB continuous beam scanning.

[0065] Positioning the ridge waveguide 3 along the centerline of the fourth body portion 14 reduces the cutoff efficiency of the antenna body 1, ensuring that both the wide and narrow sides of the ridge waveguide 3 are half a wavelength. This facilitates half-wavelength arraying of the antenna array, enabling continuous beam scanning. Thus, the ridge waveguide 3 reduces the size of the antenna body 1, enabling a half-wavelength array of the antenna body 1 and ultimately achieving 3dB continuous beam scanning.

[0066] In some embodiments, the extension length of the ridge waveguide portion 3 is the same as the extension length of the third body portion 13 , and / or the extension length of the ridge waveguide portion 3 is the same as the extension length of the fourth body portion 14 .

[0067] It is understood that the ridge waveguide portion 3 is passed through the third body portion 13 along the extension direction of the antenna body 1 to prevent the ridge waveguide portion 3 from changing the cutoff frequency band and return loss. The ridge waveguide portion 3 is passed through the fourth body portion 14 along the extension direction of the antenna body 1 to prevent the ridge waveguide portion 3 from changing the cutoff frequency band and return loss.

[0068] In some embodiments, the antenna body 1 is located in the focal plane of the lens 2 , and the center of the antenna body 1 coincides with the focus of the lens 2 .

[0069] It is understandable that placing antenna body 1 at the focal plane of lens 2, with the center of antenna body 1 coinciding with the focal point of lens 2, maximizes antenna gain. Since the focal point is the point where energy is focused, placing antenna body 1 at the focal point maximizes gain. However, placing antenna body 1 away from the focal point of lens 2 reduces antenna gain.

[0070] In some embodiments, the focal position of the lens 2 can be obtained by injecting a plane wave into the lens 2 .

[0071] In some embodiments, if the lens 2 forms a focal spot, the antenna body 1 can be first placed within the range of the focal spot, and then gradually optimized to find the position with the maximum gain.

[0072] In some embodiments, the lens 2 includes at least two dielectric layers. The dielectric constants of the at least two dielectric layers decrease from the inner side to the outer side.

[0073] It is understood that by gradually decreasing the dielectric constant of at least two dielectric layers from the inside out, a refractive index profile can be achieved, enabling perfect focusing or beam steering. Spherical symmetry can also be maintained, supporting multi-angle incidence. Furthermore, drastic impedance changes can be avoided, thereby suppressing interface reflections, improving the wave transmission efficiency of lens 2, and reducing energy loss.

[0074] like Figure 3 As shown, in some embodiments, the lens 2 includes a first dielectric layer 21, a second dielectric layer 22, and a third dielectric layer 23, which are sequentially arranged from the inside to the outside. The first dielectric layer 21 is a cycloolefin polymer optical material layer, the second dielectric layer 22 is a polypropylene layer, and the third dielectric layer 23 is a Teflon layer.

[0075] It is understood that the first dielectric layer 21 located on the innermost side is a cycloolefin polymer optical material layer (COP optical material layer), which has a dielectric constant of 2.3256 and a loss tangent of 8×10 -4 The dielectric constant of the polypropylene layer in the middle is 2.21 and the loss tangent is 3×10 -4 The dielectric constant of the Teflon layer on the outside is 2.1, and the loss tangent is 3.4×10 -4 As a result, the dielectric constant of the dielectric layer decreases from the inside to the outside.

[0076] In the description of this application, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood to indicate or imply relative importance or implicitly specify the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more features. In the description of this application, "plurality" means two or more, unless otherwise specifically defined.

[0077] In the above embodiments, the description of each embodiment has its own focus. For parts that are not described in detail in a certain embodiment, reference can be made to the relevant descriptions of other embodiments.

[0078] The embodiments, implementation methods and related technical features of the present application can be combined and replaced with each other without conflict.

[0079] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present application and do not constitute any form of limitation to the present application. However, any simple modifications, equivalent changes, and modifications made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present application without departing from the content of the technical solution of the present application are still within the scope of the technical solution of the present application.

Claims

1. An antenna, characterized in that: include: An antenna body (1) is provided with a ridge waveguide portion (3) therein; A lens (2) is provided at the radiation end of the antenna body (1) and is used to increase the antenna gain.

2. The antenna according to claim 1, wherein The length of the ridge waveguide portion (3) is D1, which satisfies: 0.09 mm ≤ D1 ≤ 0.18 mm; and / or the width of the ridge waveguide portion (3) is D2, which satisfies: 0.01 mm ≤ D2 ≤ 0.54 mm.

3. The antenna according to claim 1, wherein The antenna body (1) comprises a first body portion (11) and a second body portion (12) arranged opposite to each other along a first direction; Wherein, the ridge waveguide portion (3) is provided on the side of the first body portion (11) and the second body portion (12) facing each other.

4. The antenna according to claim 3, wherein: The ridge waveguide portion (3) arranged on the first main body portion (11) is arranged along the center line of the first main body portion (11); and / or the ridge waveguide portion (3) arranged on the second main body portion (12) is arranged along the center line of the second main body portion (12).

5. The antenna according to claim 3, wherein: The extension length of the ridge waveguide portion (3) is the same as the extension length of the first body portion (11), and / or the extension length of the ridge waveguide portion (3) is the same as the extension length of the second body portion (12).

6. The antenna according to claim 3, wherein: The antenna body (1) further includes a third body portion (13) and a fourth body portion (14) arranged opposite to each other along the second direction; The third main body portion (13) and the fourth main body portion (14) are both provided with the ridge waveguide portion (3) on one side facing each other, and the second direction is arranged at an angle to the first direction.

7. The antenna according to claim 6, characterized in that The ridge waveguide portion (3) provided on the first body portion (11) is provided along the center line of the third body portion (13); and / or the ridge waveguide portion (3) provided on the second body portion (12) is provided along the center line of the fourth body portion (14); The extension length of the ridge waveguide portion (3) is the same as the extension length of the third body portion (13), and / or the extension length of the ridge waveguide portion (3) is the same as the extension length of the fourth body portion (14).

8. The antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that The antenna body (1) is located in the focal plane of the lens (2), and the center of the antenna body (1) coincides with the focus of the lens (2).

9. The antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that The lens (2) comprises at least two dielectric layers, and the dielectric constants of the at least two dielectric layers decrease from the inside to the outside.

10. The antenna according to claim 9, characterized in that The lens (2) comprises a first dielectric layer (21), a second dielectric layer (22) and a third dielectric layer (23) which are arranged in sequence from the inside to the outside, wherein the first dielectric layer (21) is a cycloolefin polymer optical material layer, the second dielectric layer (22) is a polypropylene layer, and the third dielectric layer (23) is a Teflon layer.

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