5G network global coverage antenna

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of mobile communication antennas, and discloses a 5G network global coverage antenna, which comprises an antenna structure assembly, the antenna structure assembly specifically comprises an antenna protection outer cover, an air flow chamber is arranged in the antenna protection outer cover, and an antenna inner cavity is integrally formed through the air flow chamber. The bottom of the antenna protection outer cover and the bottom of the antenna inner cavity are integrally provided with an antenna base groove, an antenna base is installed in a matched mode, and the top of the antenna protection outer cover is integrally connected with an antenna top cover. According to the invention, through environment adaptive constant temperature control, multi-band layered radiation and EBG anti-interference, intelligent regulation and control and high-frequency amplification, integrated protection and grounding protection, and standardized interface and modular design, all-weather stable operation, high spectrum efficiency coverage, high-quality signal transmission, high-reliability safety guarantee and rapid deployment and expansion are realized; and the coverage capability and the user experience of the 5G network in a complex environment are remarkably improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of mobile communication antennas, and specifically to a 5G network full-area coverage antenna. Background Art

[0002] 5G is the fifth generation of mobile communications, with a peak theoretical transmission speed of 1GB per 8 seconds, over 10 times faster than 4G. 5G networks are being deployed rapidly, with 5G antennas installed across the country.

[0003] As 5G networks rapidly develop towards higher frequency bands, larger capacity, and wider coverage, existing antenna technologies face multiple challenges in adaptability, signal quality assurance, and system reliability in complex environments. Technological innovation is urgently needed to address the following pain points:

[0004] 1. Insufficient environmental adaptability leads to poor operating stability

[0005] Currently, 5G base station antennas must be deployed outdoors for extended periods of time, significantly impacted by extreme climates (e.g., extreme cold, extreme heat, and large temperature swings between day and night). Low temperatures can cause component performance degradation or even failure, while high temperatures can easily lead to overheating, increased power consumption, and shortened lifespans of electronic components, resulting in signal interruptions or coverage blind spots. Traditional cooling solutions (e.g., passive heat sinks) struggle to cope with the high power consumption demands of high-frequency bands and lack active temperature control mechanisms. Low-temperature protection relies on external insulation materials, increasing deployment costs and limiting flexibility.

[0006] 2. Insufficient multi-band coordinated coverage and anti-interference capabilities

[0007] 5G networks need to support low-frequency (such as 3.5GHz), high-frequency (such as 4.9GHz) and ultra-high-frequency (such as 28GHz millimeter wave) frequency bands to meet wide-area coverage and hotspot capacity requirements. However, the dense arrangement of multi-band radiation units can easily cause surface wave propagation, mutual coupling interference between units, and reduced spectrum efficiency, resulting in degraded signal quality in edge areas. Traditional antennas use a single frequency band or simple physical isolation design, which makes it difficult to balance multi-band radiation efficiency and anti-interference performance; high-frequency millimeter wave signals have large path loss and weak penetration, and require extremely high antenna gain and beamforming accuracy.

[0008] 3. Lack of dynamic optimization capabilities for signal coverage

[0009] Urban environments are complex and volatile (e.g., building obstructions and uneven user distribution). Statically configured antennas struggle to respond in real time to network load changes and electromagnetic interference, leading to coverage gaps, interference conflicts, and wasted spectrum resources. Traditional antennas rely on manual tuning and cannot achieve adaptive optimization of signal coverage. Beamforming technology lacks environmental awareness and AI decision-making capabilities, making it difficult to balance coverage breadth and signal quality.

[0010] To this end, the present invention proposes a 5G network full-area coverage antenna. Summary of the Invention

[0011] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a 5G network full-area coverage antenna to solve the problems raised in the above background technology.

[0012] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a 5G network full coverage antenna, including an antenna structure component, the antenna structure component specifically includes an antenna protective cover, an airflow chamber is provided in the antenna protective cover, and an antenna inner cavity is formed integrally with the airflow chamber, the bottom of the antenna protective cover and the antenna inner cavity is integrally provided with an antenna base groove, and an antenna base is adapted to be installed, the top of the antenna protective cover is integrally connected to the antenna top cover, and the outer wall of the antenna top cover is equidistantly provided with air inlet holes, which are obliquely upward from the airflow. , an air flow direct current section, the interior of the antenna top cover is a hollow structure, wherein an air vent connected to the air flow chamber is provided at the inner bottom of the antenna top cover, and an air flow fan is provided above the air vent, and the air flow fan cooperates with the air inlet to adjust the internal temperature of the antenna by controlling the wind speed, and air outlets connected to the air flow chamber are equidistantly provided on the circumference of the outer wall below the antenna protective cover, and an electric heating wire is also provided on the inner wall of the air flow chamber, and the end of the electric heating wire is connected to the power module, and the power module monitors the internal temperature of the antenna in real time through the intelligent temperature control system.

[0013] Preferably, a connecting hoop is installed on the outer wall of the antenna protective cover, and the connecting hoop is fixedly installed with the ring. The ring is fixedly sleeved on the outside of the column. A lightning rod is installed on the top of the column. A conductive strip extends from the bottom of the lightning rod. The conductive strip extends to the inside of the antenna base and is connected to the grounding end of the antenna base, thereby forming a complete grounding protection system.

[0014] Preferably, the antenna base is provided with a plurality of wire holes, which facilitate the insertion and fixation of cables, ensuring the stability of signal transmission and the overall reliability of the antenna system. In addition, a connector seat is installed at the bottom of the antenna base, and the connector seat is configured with a standardized interface to facilitate docking with other communication equipment interfaces.

[0015] Preferably, an intelligent control module is provided on the top of the antenna base, which integrates a spectrum sensor, a position sensor, an AI decision unit and a programmable phase shifter. The intelligent control module can monitor the antenna performance in real time and automatically optimize the signal coverage range to ensure the stable operation of the 5G network.

[0016] Preferably, a high-frequency amplifier board is installed inside the antenna cavity, and a high-frequency amplifier is provided on the high-frequency amplifier board, which can improve the signal strength and quality of the antenna during long-distance transmission, and an antenna connecting column is installed between the high-frequency amplifier board and the inner top of the antenna cavity through a connecting piece, and a radiation unit group is equidistantly arranged on the outer circumference of the antenna connecting column. The radiation unit group includes a low-frequency unit, a high-frequency unit and an ultra-high-frequency unit, which are arranged in layers in concentric circles, and an electromagnetic band gap structure is embedded between each unit to suppress surface wave interference.

[0017] Preferably, the spectrum sensor cooperates with the location sensor to collect and analyze the signal strength and interference-to-noise ratio of the surrounding electromagnetic environment in real time, and then transmits the analysis data to the AI ​​decision unit, which combines the location information and network load conditions to make the best signal allocation decision;

[0018] According to Where, P singnal is the signal power, P noise is the noise power, CNB (dB) is the carrier-to-noise ratio, and the spectrum sensor measures the ratio of signal strength to noise power to evaluate signal quality and provide a link quality basis for the AI ​​decision-making unit.

[0019] According to

[0020] NF=P OUT,noise -(-174dBm / Hz+10·log 10 (BW)+Gain), where P OUT,noise is the output noise power, -174dBm / Hz is the ambient noise power spectral density at room temperature, BW is the frequency bandwidth, Gain is the system gain, and NF is the noise figure. The NF's ability to amplify signal noise assists the AI ​​decision-making unit in selecting a low-noise communication path.

[0021] The signal allocation decision is based on the objective function: Where, CNR i is the carrier-to-noise ratio of the i-th signal, d i is the distance measured by the position sensor, L i is the network load, α, β, and γ are weight coefficients. Combining spectrum quality, spatial distance, and network load, the AI ​​decision unit dynamically allocates the optimal signal path.

[0022] Preferably, a programmable phase shifter is used to adjust the phase of the radiation unit group (47) to achieve precise beamforming, further enhancing the signal directivity and coverage, thereby ensuring that the 5G signal can effectively cover the target area in a complex urban environment while reducing interference with the surrounding environment. The specific steps are as follows:

[0023] Step 1: Adoption Where φ is the phase difference between adjacent radiating elements, λ is the antenna wavelength, d is the spacing between antenna elements, and θ0 is the angle between the main lobe direction and the normal direction of the beam. By adjusting θ0, the direction of the beam can be controlled to ensure that the signal accurately covers the target area.

[0024] Step 2: Synthesize the required beam pattern by adjusting the phase and amplitude of each radiating element in the array antenna. Where F(θ) is the beam pattern, N is the number of radiating elements, and ω n is the amplitude weighting coefficient of the nth radiating element, dn is the distance between the nth radiating element and the reference point, φn is the phase adjustment of the nth radiating element, and by optimizing ω n and φn, which can suppress side lobes, enhance main lobe gain, and improve signal directivity;

[0025] Step 3: Next, the intelligent control module dynamically adjusts the beamforming parameters by monitoring network status and environmental changes in real time. The algorithm flow is as follows:

[0026] Estimate channel state information (CSI) using received reference signals (e.g., SRS, CSI-RS);

[0027] The beamforming weight vector w is calculated based on the CSI. The formula is:

[0028] Where, is the autocorrelation matrix of the received signal, h is the channel vector, and the calculated weight vector is applied to the programmable phase shifter to adjust the phase and amplitude of the radiating element.

[0029] Preferably, the beamforming strategy is optimized through the self-learning mechanism of the intelligent control module (43), using:

[0030] State definition: st = {CSI, user location, network load},

[0031] Action definition: at = {Δφ, Δω},

[0032] Reward function: R(st,at) = α·SINR t +β·Throughput t -γ·Interference t ,

[0033] in, Throughput = B·log2(1+SINR), where α, β, and γ are weight coefficients, P s is the target signal power, w is the beamforming weight vector, h is the target channel vector, σ 2 is the noise power, P iis the interference signal power, h i is the interference channel vector, B is the channel bandwidth, and by maximizing the cumulative reward, the beamforming strategy is optimized to optimize w, maximize the SINR, and improve the signal quality. By improving the SINR, the system throughput is increased to meet the high data rate requirements, enabling the antenna system to adapt to different network requirements and environmental changes, thereby improving network efficiency and user satisfaction.

[0034] The present invention provides a 5G network full coverage antenna. It has the following beneficial effects:

[0035] (1) The present invention realizes all-weather stable operation, high spectrum efficiency coverage, high-quality signal transmission, high reliability and security, and rapid deployment and expansion through environmental adaptive constant temperature control, multi-band layered radiation and EBG anti-interference, intelligent regulation and high-frequency amplification, integrated protection and grounding protection, standardized interface and modular design, significantly improving the coverage capability and user experience of 5G networks in complex environments.

[0036] (2) The present invention uses a programmable phase shifter to adjust the phase of the radiation unit group to achieve precise beamforming, enhance signal directivity, expand coverage, and reduce coverage blind spots; through noise factor (NF) calculation, the AI ​​decision unit gives priority to low-noise communication paths, reduces noise interference during signal transmission, and improves spectrum utilization efficiency; the intelligent control module dynamically adjusts the beamforming parameters by real-time monitoring of network status and environmental changes, suppresses sidelobe radiation, and reduces interference with the surrounding environment; by optimizing the beamforming strategy, the signal quality and coverage are improved, ensuring that users can enjoy high data rate services even in complex environments, meeting the high bandwidth requirements of 5G networks. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0037] Figure 1 It is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 2 A cross-sectional view of an antenna structure assembly according to the present invention;

[0039] Figure 3 For the present invention Figure 2 A magnified view of center A;

[0040] Figure 4 This is a structural view of the electric heating wire of the present invention.

[0041] In the figure: column 21, lightning rod 22, ring 23, connecting hoop 24, antenna structure component 3, antenna protective cover 31, antenna inner cavity 32, airflow chamber 33, antenna base 34, antenna top cover 35, airflow oblique upward section 36, airflow direct section 37, airflow fan 38, air outlet 39, electric heating wire 310, power module 311, wire threading hole 41, connector seat 42, intelligent control module 43, high-frequency amplifier 44, antenna connecting column 45, connector 46, radiation unit group 47. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0042] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0043] Examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals throughout represent the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are intended to be used to explain the present invention, but are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0044] In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "connect," "fixed," etc. should be understood broadly. For example, they may refer to fixed connection, detachable connection, or integration; mechanical connection or electrical connection; direct connection or indirect connection through an intermediate medium; internal communication between two components or interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention based on specific circumstances.

[0045] Example 1

[0046] A preferred embodiment of a 5G network full coverage antenna provided by the present invention is as follows: Figure 1-4As shown: A 5G network full-area coverage antenna includes an antenna structure component 3, which specifically includes an antenna protective cover 31. An airflow chamber 33 is provided in the antenna protective cover 31, and an antenna inner cavity 32 is formed integrally through the airflow chamber 33. The bottom of the antenna protective cover 31 and the antenna inner cavity 32 are integrally provided with an antenna base groove, and an antenna base 34 is adapted to be installed. The top of the antenna protective cover 31 is integrally connected to an antenna top cover 35. The outer wall of the antenna top cover 35 is equidistantly provided with air inlets. The air inlets are composed of an upward airflow oblique section 36 and a direct airflow section 37. The interior of the antenna top cover 35 is a hollow structure, wherein a ventilation channel connected to the airflow chamber 33 is provided at the bottom of the interior of the antenna top cover 35, and an airflow fan 38 is provided above the ventilation channel. The airflow fan 38 cooperates with the air inlet to adjust the internal temperature of the antenna by controlling the wind speed. The air outlet holes 39 connected to the airflow chamber 33 are equidistantly provided on the outer wall below the antenna protective cover 31. The inner wall of the airflow chamber 33 is also provided with an electric heating wire 310. The end of the electric heating wire 310 is connected to the power module 311. The power module 311 monitors the internal temperature of the antenna in real time through the intelligent temperature control system.

[0047] In this embodiment, when the internal temperature of the antenna is lower than the set value, the intelligent temperature control system starts the electric heating wire 310 to heat the antenna to ensure normal operation; when the temperature is too high, the air flow fan 38 accelerates its operation to discharge heat through the air inlet, the ventilation channel connected to the air flow chamber 33 and the air outlet 39, maintaining a constant temperature environment and ensuring stable coverage of the 5G network.

[0048] The outer wall of the antenna protection cover 31 is installed with a connecting hoop 24, which is fixedly installed with a ferrule 23. The ferrule 23 is fixedly sleeved on the outside of the column 21. A lightning rod 22 is installed on the top of the column 21. A conductive strip extends from the bottom of the lightning rod 22. The conductive strip extends into the interior of the antenna base 34 and is connected to the ground terminal of the antenna base 34, thereby forming a complete grounding protection system.

[0049] The antenna base 34 is provided with a plurality of threading holes 41, which facilitate the insertion and fixation of cables, ensuring the stability of signal transmission and the overall reliability of the antenna system. In addition, a connector seat 42 is installed at the bottom of the antenna base 34. The connector seat 42 is configured with a standardized interface to facilitate docking with other communication equipment.

[0050] An intelligent control module 43 is installed on top of the antenna base 34. This module integrates a spectrum sensor, a position sensor, an AI decision-making unit, and a programmable phase shifter. The intelligent control module 43 can monitor antenna performance in real time and automatically optimize signal coverage to ensure stable operation of the 5G network.

[0051] A high-frequency amplifier board 44 is installed inside the antenna cavity 32. The high-frequency amplifier board 44 is provided with a high-frequency amplifier 44, which can improve the signal strength and quality of the antenna during long-distance transmission. An antenna connection post 45 is installed between the high-frequency amplifier board 44 and the inner top of the antenna cavity 32 via a connector 46. A radiation unit group 47 is equidistantly arranged on the outer circumference of the antenna connection post 45. The radiation unit group 47 includes a low-frequency unit (3.5GHz, half-wave dipole array), a high-frequency unit (4.9GHz, microstrip patch array) and an ultra-high-frequency unit (28GHz, slot antenna), which are arranged in concentric circles and layers. An electromagnetic band gap (EBG) structure (period 0.5λ) is embedded between each unit to suppress surface wave interference.

[0052] In this embodiment, when the signal strength received by the antenna is insufficient, the intelligent control module 43 dynamically adjusts the working state of the radiation unit group 47, optimizes the signal output of each frequency band, ensures maximum coverage, reduces mutual interference, and improves overall communication efficiency.

[0053] Spectrum sensors collect signal strength, interference-to-noise ratio (CNR), and noise figure (NF) in real time. The AI ​​decision-making unit combines location information and network load to dynamically allocate the optimal signal path, significantly improving signal quality in the target area and achieving precise coverage. This ensures stable 5G signal coverage in scenarios such as densely built-up areas and tall building obstructions, especially in complex urban environments, avoiding signal attenuation or interruption and enabling accurate signal quality assessment and allocation.

[0054] Example 2

[0055] See also Figures 1-4 , and based on Example 1, it is further obtained that: the spectrum sensor cooperates with the location sensor to collect and analyze the signal strength and interference-to-noise ratio of the surrounding electromagnetic environment in real time, and then transmits the analysis data to the AI ​​decision unit, which combines the location information and network load status to make the optimal signal allocation decision;

[0056] According to Where, P singnal is the signal power, P noise is the noise power, CNB (dB) is the carrier-to-noise ratio, and the spectrum sensor measures the ratio of signal strength to noise power to evaluate signal quality and provide a link quality basis for the AI ​​decision-making unit.

[0057] According to

[0058] NF=P OUT,noise -(-174dBm / Hz+10·log 10 (BW)+Gain), formula

[0059] In, P OUT,noise is the output noise power, -174dBm / Hz is the ambient noise power spectral density at room temperature, BW is the frequency bandwidth, Gain is the system gain, and NF is the noise figure. The NF's ability to amplify signal noise assists the AI ​​decision-making unit in selecting a low-noise communication path.

[0060] The signal allocation decision is based on the objective function: Where, CNR i is the carrier-to-noise ratio of the i-th signal, d i is the distance measured by the position sensor, L i is the network load, α, β, and γ are weight coefficients. Combining spectrum quality, spatial distance, and network load, the AI ​​decision unit dynamically allocates the optimal signal path;

[0061] Then, a programmable phase shifter is used to adjust the phase of the radiation unit group (47) to achieve precise beamforming, further enhancing the signal directivity and coverage, thereby ensuring that the 5G signal can effectively cover the target area in a complex urban environment while reducing interference to the surrounding environment. The specific steps are as follows:

[0062] Step 1: Adoption Where φ is the phase difference between adjacent radiating elements, λ is the antenna wavelength, d is the spacing between antenna elements, and θ0 is the angle between the main lobe direction and the normal direction of the beam. By adjusting θ0, the direction of the beam can be controlled to ensure that the signal accurately covers the target area.

[0063] Step 2: Synthesize the required beam pattern by adjusting the phase and amplitude of each radiating element in the array antenna. Where F(θ) is the beam pattern, N is the number of radiating elements, and ω n is the amplitude weighting coefficient of the nth radiating element, dn is the distance between the nth radiating element and the reference point, φn is the phase adjustment of the nth radiating element, and by optimizing ω n and φn, which can suppress side lobes, enhance main lobe gain, and improve signal directivity;

[0064] Step 3: Next, the intelligent control module dynamically adjusts the beamforming parameters by monitoring network status and environmental changes in real time. The algorithm flow is as follows:

[0065] Estimate channel state information (CSI) using received reference signals (e.g., SRS, CSI-RS);

[0066] The beamforming weight vector w is calculated based on the CSI. The formula is:

[0067] Where, is the autocorrelation matrix of the received signal, h is the channel vector, and the calculated weight vector is applied to the programmable phase shifter to adjust the phase and amplitude of the radiating element;

[0068] Finally, the self-learning mechanism of the intelligent control module (43) is used to optimize the beamforming strategy, using:

[0069] State definition: st = {CSI, user location, network load},

[0070] Action definition: at = {Δφ, Δω},

[0071] Reward function: R(st,at) = α·SINR t +β·Throughput t -γ·Interference t ,

[0072] in, Throughput = B·log2(1+SINR), where α, β, and γ are weight coefficients, P s is the target signal power, w is the beamforming weight vector, h is the target channel vector, σ 2 is the noise power, P i is the interference signal power, h i is the interference channel vector, B is the channel bandwidth, and by maximizing the cumulative reward, the beamforming strategy is optimized to optimize w, maximize the SINR, and improve the signal quality. By improving the SINR, the system throughput is increased to meet the high data rate requirements, enabling the antenna system to adapt to different network requirements and environmental changes, thereby improving network efficiency and user satisfaction.

[0073] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as first and second, etc., are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that includes a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not explicitly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0074] Finally, it should be noted that the above descriptions are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art will be able to modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments or substitute equivalents for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A 5G network global coverage antenna, comprising an antenna structure component (3), characterized in that: The antenna structure assembly (3) specifically includes an antenna protective outer cover (31), an airflow chamber (33) is provided in the antenna protective outer cover (31), and an antenna inner cavity (32) is formed integrally through the airflow chamber (33), the bottom of the antenna protective outer cover (31) and the antenna inner cavity (32) are integrally provided with an antenna base groove, and an antenna base (34) is adapted to be installed, the top of the antenna protective outer cover (31) is integrally connected with an antenna top cover (35), and the outer wall circumference of the antenna top cover (35) is equidistantly provided with air inlet holes, which are composed of an airflow oblique upward section (36) and an airflow straight section (37), and the interior of the antenna top cover (35) is The invention relates to a hollow structure, wherein the inner bottom of the antenna top cover (35) is provided with a ventilation channel connected to the airflow chamber (33), an airflow fan (38) is provided above the ventilation channel, and the airflow fan (38) cooperates with the air inlet to adjust the internal temperature of the antenna by controlling the wind speed, and the outer wall below the antenna protective cover (31) is equidistantly provided with air outlet holes (39) connected to the airflow chamber (33), and the inner wall of the airflow chamber (33) is also provided with an electric heating wire (310), and the end of the electric heating wire (310) is connected to the power module (311), and the power module (311) monitors the internal temperature of the antenna in real time through the intelligent temperature control system.

2. The 5G network global coverage antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer wall of the antenna protection cover (31) is installed with a connecting hoop (24), the connecting hoop (24) is fixedly installed with the ring (23), the ring (23) is fixedly sleeved on the outside of the column (21), and a lightning rod (22) is installed on the top of the column (21). A conductive strip extends from the bottom of the lightning rod (22), and the conductive strip extends to the inside of the antenna base (34) and is connected to the grounding end of the antenna base (34), thereby forming a complete grounding protection system.

3. The 5G network global coverage antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The antenna base (34) is provided with a plurality of threading holes (41), which facilitate the insertion and fixation of cables, thereby ensuring the stability of signal transmission and the overall reliability of the antenna system. In addition, a connector seat (42) is installed at the bottom of the antenna base (34), and the connector seat (43) is configured with a standardized interface, which is convenient for docking with other communication equipment interfaces.

4. The 5G network global coverage antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: An intelligent control module (43) is provided on the top of the antenna base (34), which integrates a spectrum sensor, a position sensor, an AI decision unit and a programmable phase shifter. The intelligent control module (43) can monitor antenna performance in real time and automatically optimize signal coverage to ensure the stable operation of the 5G network.

5. The 5G network global coverage antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: A high-frequency amplifier board (44) is installed inside the antenna inner cavity (32). The high-frequency amplifier board (44) is provided with a high-frequency amplifier (44) to improve the signal strength and quality of the antenna during long-distance transmission. An antenna connection column (45) is installed between the high-frequency amplifier board (44) and the inner top of the antenna inner cavity (32) through a connector (46). A radiation unit group (47) is equidistantly arranged on the outer circumference of the antenna connection column (45). The radiation unit group (47) includes a low-frequency unit, a high-frequency unit and an ultra-high-frequency unit, which are arranged in layers in concentric circles, and an electromagnetic band gap structure is embedded between each unit to suppress surface wave interference.

6. The 5G network global coverage antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The spectrum sensor works in conjunction with the location sensor to collect and analyze the signal strength and interference-to-noise ratio of the surrounding electromagnetic environment in real time. The analyzed data is then passed to the AI ​​decision-making unit, which combines location information and network load conditions to make the best signal allocation decision. According to Where, P singnal is the signal power, P noise is the noise power, CNB (dB) is the carrier-to-noise ratio, and the spectrum sensor measures the ratio of signal strength to noise power to evaluate signal quality and provide a link quality basis for the AI ​​decision-making unit. According to NF=P OUT,noise -(-174dBm / Hz+10·log 10 (BW)+Gain), formula In, P OUT,noise is the output noise power, -174dBm / Hz is the ambient noise power spectral density at room temperature, BW is the frequency bandwidth, Gain is the system gain, and NF is the noise figure. The NF's ability to amplify signal noise assists the AI ​​decision-making unit in selecting a low-noise communication path. The signal allocation decision is based on the objective function: Where, CNR i is the carrier-to-noise ratio of the i-th signal, d i is the distance measured by the position sensor, L i is the network load, α, β, and γ are weight coefficients. Combining spectrum quality, spatial distance, and network load, the AI ​​decision unit dynamically allocates the optimal signal path.

7. The 5G network global coverage antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: A programmable phase shifter is used to adjust the phase of the radiation unit group (47) to achieve precise beamforming, further enhancing the signal directivity and coverage, thereby ensuring that the 5G signal can effectively cover the target area in a complex urban environment while reducing interference with the surrounding environment. The specific steps are as follows: Step 1: Adoption Where φ is the phase difference between adjacent radiating elements, λ is the antenna wavelength, d is the spacing between antenna elements, and θ0 is the angle between the main lobe direction and the normal direction of the beam. By adjusting θ0, the direction of the beam can be controlled to ensure that the signal accurately covers the target area. Step 2: Synthesize the required beam pattern by adjusting the phase and amplitude of each radiating element in the array antenna. Where F(θ) is the beam pattern, N is the number of radiating elements, and ω n is the amplitude weighting coefficient of the nth radiating element, dn is the distance between the nth radiating element and the reference point, φn is the phase adjustment of the nth radiating element, and by optimizing ω n and φn, which can suppress side lobes, enhance main lobe gain, and improve signal directivity; Step 3: Next, the intelligent control module dynamically adjusts the beamforming parameters by monitoring network status and environmental changes in real time. The algorithm flow is as follows: Estimate channel state information (CSI) using received reference signals (e.g., SRS, CSI-RS); The beamforming weight vector w is calculated based on the CSI. The formula is: Where, is the autocorrelation matrix of the received signal, h is the channel vector, and the calculated weight vector is applied to the programmable phase shifter to adjust the phase and amplitude of the radiating element.

8. The 5G network global coverage antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: Through the self-learning mechanism of the intelligent control module (43), the beamforming strategy is optimized, using: State definition: st = {CSI, user location, network load}, Action definition: at = {Δφ, Δω}, Reward function: R(st,at) = α·SINR t +β·Throughput t -γ·Interference t , in, Throughput = B·log2(1+SINR), where α, β, and γ are weight coefficients, P s is the target signal power, w is the beamforming weight vector, h is the target channel vector, σ 2 is the noise power, P i is the interference signal power, h i is the interference channel vector, B is the channel bandwidth, and by maximizing the cumulative reward, the beamforming strategy is optimized to optimize w, maximize the SINR, and improve the signal quality. By improving the SINR, the system throughput is increased to meet the high data rate requirements, enabling the antenna system to adapt to different network requirements and environmental changes, thereby improving network efficiency and user satisfaction.

Images