Liquid metal jet device suitable for high temperature and high pressure

Abstract

The invention provides a liquid metal jet device suitable for high temperature and high pressure, and belongs to the field of metal jet experiments. The problems that an existing experimental device is poor in flexibility and repeatability, and jet flow forms of crevasses of different shapes are not verified are solved. The device comprises a supporting assembly, a crucible is detachably arranged in the supporting assembly, the outlet end of the crucible penetrates through the end face of one side of the supporting assembly and then is detachably connected with a nozzle, and the shape of the nozzle output end of the nozzle is adjustable; the heating assembly is coupled with the outer wall of the supporting assembly and used for heating the crucible through the supporting assembly; and the plugging and connecting assembly is arranged at the inlet end of the heating crucible, used for plugging the inlet end and connected with a gas source. The device is mainly used for metal jet experiments.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of metal jet experiments, and in particular relates to a device suitable for high-temperature and high-pressure liquid metal jets. Background Art

[0002] In the nuclear industry, the current third-generation nuclear power technology still has many shortcomings, so the entire industry has set its sights on the more advanced fourth-generation nuclear power technology in order to further improve safety, reduce construction and operating costs, and make future nuclear power safer and cheaper.

[0003] There are six reactor types in the fourth generation of nuclear energy systems. Two of these types use liquid metal as a coolant to transport heat out of the core: the sodium-cooled fast reactor (SFR) and the lead-cooled fast reactor (PFR). The coolant in the sodium-cooled fast reactor is liquid metallic sodium, while the coolant in the lead-cooled fast reactor is liquid lead-bismuth alloy. As new nuclear power technologies, research on the accident characteristics of these two metal-cooled reactor types is relatively scarce, particularly regarding the characteristics of liquid metal ejected from ruptures in metal coolant pipes. The ejection characteristics of liquid metal are closely related to the consequences of leaks and the safety characteristics of the reactor. Therefore, research on the ejection characteristics of different liquid metals under different operating conditions is of great significance.

[0004] Currently, most research on liquid metal jetting is conducted through CFD simulations, lacking reliable experimental data. Experimental research requires a device that heats and melts the metal to form a jet. This device must be able to heat to a set temperature, generate a high-pressure shielding gas environment, and flexibly adjust experimental conditions. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, the present invention aims to propose a device suitable for high-temperature and high-pressure liquid metal jets to solve the problems of poor flexibility and repeatability of current experimental devices and the lack of verification of jet morphologies for ruptures of different shapes.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: a device suitable for high-temperature and high-pressure liquid metal jet, comprising:

[0007] A support assembly, in which a crucible is detachably disposed, wherein an outlet end of the crucible passes through an end surface of one side of the support assembly and is detachably connected to a nozzle, wherein the shape of the nozzle output end of the nozzle is adjustable;

[0008] a heating assembly coupled to an outer wall of the support assembly and configured to heat the crucible through the support assembly;

[0009] The plugging connection assembly is arranged at the inlet end of the heating crucible and is used for plugging the inlet end and connecting the gas source.

[0010] Furthermore, the support assembly includes a support portion, an opening and a heat transfer support portion, and a fixing assembly for fixing the support portion on any plane is provided on one end face of the support portion, and an opening for the inlet end to pass through is provided on this end face, and a heat transfer support portion is provided on the support portion for forming a cavity for accommodating the crucible and transferring heat to the crucible.

[0011] Furthermore, the crucible is in contact with the inner wall of the heat transfer support portion and / or a heat transfer medium is provided between them.

[0012] Furthermore, the heating component is a spiral electric heating coil.

[0013] Furthermore, the crucible further comprises an outlet end and a transition section, the diameter of the inlet end is larger than the diameter of the outlet end, and a smooth transition is made therebetween via the transition section.

[0014] Furthermore, one end of the blocking connection assembly is provided with a first connection portion for connecting to a gas source, and the other end is provided with a second connection portion for connecting to a crucible.

[0015] Furthermore, a buffer portion for pressure buffering is provided between the first connecting portion and the second connecting portion.

[0016] Furthermore, the nozzle is connected to the outlet end of the crucible via a thread.

[0017] Furthermore, the outer wall of the nozzle is provided with at least two oppositely arranged clamping parts for clamping.

[0018] Furthermore, the nozzle output end of the nozzle is in the shape of a circle, an ellipse, an angular shape, a wavy line shape or a cross shape.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0020] 1. By connecting different nozzles, this device can conduct experiments such as spray and columnar jet of liquid alkali metals and liquid lead-bismuth alloys. By changing the shape of the spray hole, it can also simulate the different shapes of ruptures in the coolant circuit of metal-cooled reactors and study the characteristics of coolant leakage accidents.

[0021] 2. The device transfers heat to the crucible through the support assembly, so the crucible can be quickly operated after the experiment, such as moving it away and replacing it with a new crucible for filling. At the same time, the nozzle can also be quickly disassembled, saving time and low cost. There is no need to set up a separate heating component for each crucible. It has the characteristics of low cost, high efficiency and strong operability.

[0022] 3. The experimental parameter range of this device is wide; the maximum pressure that the crucible can withstand exceeds 1.5MPa and the maximum temperature that it can withstand exceeds 600℃. The design temperature and pressure parameters of existing metal-cooled reactors can be used in the experiment, making the experimental conditions more realistic;

[0023] 4. The outer wall of the nozzle of this device is processed with a flat surface, which is convenient for clamping with tools such as wrenches and pliers during installation and disassembly;

[0024] 5. The nozzle of this device has strong scalability. The small hole at the bottom of the nozzle can be processed into different sizes and shapes according to needs. It is used to simulate the leakage boundaries of different sizes and shapes in the coolant circuit of the metal-cooled reactor and study the influence of the leakage boundary on the characteristics of the coolant leakage accident. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] The accompanying drawings, which constitute part of the present invention, are provided to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are provided to explain the present invention and do not constitute an undue limitation of the present invention. In the accompanying drawings:

[0026] Figure 1 This is an overall cross-sectional view of a high-temperature and high-pressure liquid metal jet device according to the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the support assembly according to the present invention;

[0028] Figure 3 A bottom view of the support assembly according to the present invention;

[0029] Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of the crucible of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 5 A bottom view of the crucible of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view of the plugging connection assembly according to the present invention;

[0032] Figure 7 A front view of the nozzle according to the present invention;

[0033] Figure 8 A top view of the nozzle of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 9 A bottom view of the nozzle of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 10 is a cross-sectional view of the nozzle according to the present invention;

[0036] Figure 11 A bottom view of the nozzle of the present invention having a circular output end;

[0037] Figure 12 A bottom view of the nozzle output end of the present invention having an elliptical shape;

[0038] Figure 13 A bottom view of the nozzle output end of the present invention having an angular shape;

[0039] Figure 14 A bottom view of the nozzle output end of the present invention is a wavy line;

[0040] Figure 15 A bottom view of the nozzle output end of the present invention in a cross shape;

[0041] Figure 16 A bottom view of the nozzle of the present invention with a square outer wall;

[0042] Figure 17 A bottom view of the nozzle of the present invention with a hexagonal outer wall;

[0043] Figure 18 This is a bottom view of the nozzle of the present invention with an octagonal outer wall.

[0044] Support assembly 1; support portion 1-1; opening 1-2; heat transfer support portion 1-3; heating assembly 2; crucible 3; inlet end 3-1; outlet end 3-2; transition section 3-3; blocking connection assembly 4; first connection portion 4-1; second connection portion 4-2; buffer portion 4-3; nozzle 5; nozzle inlet end 5-1; nozzle outlet end 5-2. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0045] The following will be combined with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely explain the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that the embodiments of the present invention and the features therein can be combined with each other in the absence of conflict, and the embodiments described are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments.

[0046] It should be noted that the descriptions of the present invention regarding directions such as "left", "right", "left side", "right side", "upper", "lower", "top", and "bottom" are all defined based on the relationship between the orientations or positions shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the structure described must be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be understood as limitations on the present invention. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "plurality" is more than two, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0047] In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" should be understood broadly. For example, they may refer to fixed connections, detachable connections, or integral connections; they may refer to direct connections, indirect connections through an intermediary, or internal communication between two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of these terms in the present invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0048] Referring to the accompanying drawings, this embodiment is described, which is a device suitable for high-temperature and high-pressure liquid metal jets, comprising:

[0049] The support assembly 1 has a detachable crucible 3 therein, and the outlet end 3-2 of the crucible 3 is detachably connected to the nozzle 5 after passing through the end face of one side of the support assembly 1, wherein the nozzle output end 5-2 of the nozzle 5 is adjustable in shape; the crucible 3 is detachably connected to the support assembly 1 here, and the crucible 3 can be quickly operated after the experiment, for example, a new crucible 3 can be replaced after moving it for the next experiment. It is very convenient. The nozzle output end 5-2 of the nozzle 5 is adjustable in shape, and different rupture shapes can be simulated as needed, thereby simulating the jet conditions of liquid high-pressure metal under different rupture shapes, which is convenient for collecting corresponding experimental data to lay the foundation for subsequent improvements.

[0050] Heating assembly 2 is coupled to the outer wall of support assembly 1 and is used to heat crucible 3 through support assembly 1. Specifically, heating assembly 2 can be a spiral electric heating coil, which is wrapped around the outside of support assembly 1. Depending on actual needs, heating assembly 2 can also use other types of heating devices to heat support assembly 1. When using a spiral electric heating coil, it should fit tightly against the outer wall of support assembly 1 to facilitate heat transfer.

[0051] A plugging connection assembly 4 is provided at the inlet end 3-1 of the heating crucible 3 to seal the inlet end 3-1 and connect the gas source. The plugging connection assembly 4 is primarily designed to quickly seal the crucible 3 and simultaneously connect the high-pressure gas source, allowing it to pressurize the liquid metal. The high-pressure gas source must meet pressure requirements and be non-reactive with the liquid metal.

[0052] In this embodiment, the support assembly 1 includes a support portion 1-1, an opening 1-2, and a heat transfer support portion 1-3. A fixing assembly for fixing the support portion 1-1 on any plane is provided on one end face of the support portion 1-1, and an opening 1-2 for the inlet end 3-1 to pass through is provided on this end face. The support portion 1-1 is provided with a heat transfer support portion 1-3 for forming a cavity for accommodating the crucible 3 and transferring heat to the crucible 3. The support assembly 1 is specifically configured in a disc shape, and the heat transfer support portion 1-3 is cylindrical, with one side connected to the disc and the other side serving as an inlet for the crucible 3 to be assembled. The opening 1-2 serves as the inlet end 3-1 of the crucible 3 to pass through. The fixing assembly is specifically configured as an opening, and multiple openings are provided and evenly distributed along the circumference. This method can fix the support portion 1-1 in any position by cooperating with the openings and bolts, thereby improving the convenience of fixing the device. As needed, the fixing assembly can also be fixed in other similar forms such as snap-fitting, and the selection is based on actual conditions. The cross-sectional shape and size parameters of the support portion 1-1 and the heat transfer support portion 1-3 are adjusted accordingly according to the crucible 3. The heat transfer support portion 1-3 should be made of a material that is resistant to high temperatures and is conducive to heat transfer.

[0053] In this embodiment, the crucible 3 is in contact with the inner wall of the heat transfer support 1-3 and / or a heat transfer medium is provided between them. It should be noted that although the nominal outer diameter of the crucible 3 body and the nominal inner diameter of the heat transfer support 1-3 are the same, the two should be processed with a tolerance band that can achieve a clearance fit. This allows the crucible to be smoothly inserted into the crucible holder while ensuring close contact between the two. The heat generated by the external heat source can be smoothly conducted through the crucible holder and the metal wall of the crucible to heat the metal to be melted inside. According to actual needs, the heat transfer can also be completed by providing a heat transfer medium. The corresponding heat transfer medium can be used with existing technology.

[0054] In this embodiment, the crucible 3 further includes an outlet end 3-2 and a transition section 3-3. The diameter of the inlet end 3-1 is larger than that of the outlet end 3-2, with the transition section 3-3 providing a smooth transition between the two. The transition section 3-3 is a tapered structure, which helps reduce liquid metal residue. The outer wall of the outlet end 3-2 is provided with external threads, and the inner wall of the nozzle inlet end 5-1 of the nozzle 5 is provided with internal threads. The mating of these threads enables quick connection and removal of the nozzle 5 from the crucible 3. The outlet end 3-2 is specifically configured as an extension tube, with corresponding threads machined on the outer wall of the extension tube.

[0055] In this embodiment, one end of the plugging connection component 4 is provided with a first connection portion 4-1 for connecting to a gas source, and the other end is provided with a second connection portion 4-2 for connecting to the crucible 3. The plugging connection component 4 is specifically configured as a crucible cover, and the top of the crucible cover is provided with an extension tube for connecting to a high-pressure gas source. The high-pressure gas source is usually an inert gas that does not react with the liquid metal in the crucible 3. The inner wall of the bottom of the crucible cover is processed with an internal thread to facilitate the connection between the crucible cover and the crucible 3. Measures will be taken to seal the connection according to actual conditions. The second connection portion 4-2 is specifically configured as an internal thread, and an external thread is provided on the outer wall of the top of the crucible 3, and the two are connected by threads.

[0056] In this embodiment, a buffer portion 4-3 for pressure buffering is provided between the first connection portion 4-1 and the second connection portion 4-2. The buffer portion 4-3 facilitates the uniform application of gas pressure on the internal liquid metal and forms a certain cavity, which can provide a buffer zone for gas expansion during the heating process.

[0057] In this embodiment, the nozzle 5 is connected to the outlet end 3-2 of the crucible 3 via a threaded connection. Other connection methods that facilitate quick disconnection and connection may also be employed as needed. The nozzle 5 has a large hole at the top and a small hole at the bottom. The large and small holes are connected from top to bottom, and the connection between the large and small holes utilizes a tapered structure for transition. This tapered transition design reduces the retention of liquid metal within the nozzle.

[0058] In this embodiment, the outer wall of the nozzle 5 is provided with at least two clamping parts arranged opposite to each other for clamping. According to actual needs, the outer wall shape of the nozzle 5 can be set to a quadrilateral, hexagon or octagon, such as Figure 16-18 As shown, other forms that facilitate clamping can also be used, so that the nozzle 5 can be easily clamped and disassembled during the assembly and end stages of experimental preparation. The nozzle inlet end 5-1 of the nozzle 5 is provided with an internal thread for connecting to the outlet end 3-2 of the crucible 3.

[0059] In this embodiment, the nozzle output end 5-2 of the nozzle 5 is in the shape of a circle, an ellipse, an angular shape, a wavy line or a cross. Figure 11-Figure 15 As shown, through these designs, the nozzle can simulate the liquid metal coolant circuit to produce leakage boundaries of different sizes and shapes, such as elliptical cracks, sharp cracks, rough cracks, and cross cracks formed by cracks in pipeline welds. During the experiment, liquid metal enters the nozzle from the large hole at the top, passes through the large hole, the tapered transition section, and the small hole from top to bottom, and finally forms a jet when the liquid metal leaves the small hole. Currently, there is no reasonable summary and research on the crack shape in the existing technology. This design method can solve the pain points in actual engineering.

[0060] When using:

[0061] Put the spiral electric heating coil on the outer wall of the support component 1 and fix the support component 1 through the four holes at the bottom of the support component 1;

[0062] Install the nozzle 5 required for the experiment onto the extension tube at the bottom of the support assembly 1;

[0063] Since the chemical properties of alkali metal sodium are extremely active, put the metal sodium into the crucible in a protective gas environment, tighten the sealing connection component 4 and the crucible 3 to ensure sealing;

[0064] Insert the crucible 3 into the support assembly 1 and connect the high-pressure gas source to the extension tube at the top of the sealing connection assembly 4;

[0065] The spiral electric heating coil is powered on, and measures are taken to monitor the temperature to heat the metallic sodium in the crucible 3;

[0066] After the metallic sodium is melted, the high-pressure gas source is turned on, and the high-pressure gas is used to drive the liquid sodium to spray out from the nozzle 5 at the bottom of the crucible 3, completing the liquid sodium spray experiment.

[0067] Experiments were conducted by replacing different nozzles and marking different leakage boundaries in the experimental data. The liquid sodium spray data from different nozzle groups were compared to study the effect of leakage boundaries on the liquid sodium spray characteristics.

[0068] The embodiments of the present invention disclosed above are intended only to illustrate the present invention. The embodiments do not describe all details in detail, nor do they limit the present invention to the specific embodiments described. Numerous modifications and variations are possible based on the contents of this specification. These embodiments are selected and described in detail in this specification to better explain the principles and practical applications of the present invention, thereby enabling those skilled in the art to better understand and utilize the present invention.

Claims

1. A device suitable for high temperature and high pressure liquid metal jet, characterized in that: include: A support assembly (1) having a detachable crucible (3) therein, wherein an outlet end (3-2) of the crucible (3) passes through an end surface of one side of the support assembly (1) and is detachably connected to a nozzle (5), wherein the nozzle output end (5-2) of the nozzle (5) is adjustable in shape; A heating assembly (2) coupled to an outer wall of the support assembly (1) and configured to heat the crucible (3) via the support assembly (1); The blocking connection assembly (4) is arranged at the inlet end (3-1) of the heating crucible (3) and is used for blocking the inlet end (3-1) and connecting to a gas source.

2. The high-temperature and high-pressure liquid metal jet device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The support assembly (1) comprises a support portion (1-1), an opening (1-2) and a heat transfer support portion (1-3); a fixing assembly for fixing the support portion (1-1) on any plane is provided on one end face of the support portion (1-1); an opening (1-2) for an inlet end (3-1) to pass through is provided on the end face; a heat transfer support portion (1-3) is provided on the support portion (1-1) for forming a cavity for accommodating a crucible (3) and transferring heat to the crucible (3).

3. The high-temperature and high-pressure liquid metal jet device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The crucible (3) is in contact with the inner wall of the heat transfer support portion (1-3) and / or a heat transfer medium is provided between them.

4. A high-temperature and high-pressure liquid metal jet device according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that: The heating component (2) is a spiral electric heating coil.

5. The high-temperature and high-pressure liquid metal jet device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The crucible (3) further comprises an outlet end (3-2) and a transition section (3-3); the diameter of the inlet end (3-1) is larger than the diameter of the outlet end (3-2), and a smooth transition is formed between the inlet end (3-1) and the outlet end (3-2).

6. The high-temperature and high-pressure liquid metal jet device according to claim 1, characterized in that: One end of the blocking connection assembly (4) is provided with a first connection portion (4-1) for connecting to a gas source, and the other end is provided with a second connection portion (4-2) for connecting to a crucible (3).

7. The high-temperature and high-pressure liquid metal jet device according to claim 6, characterized in that: A buffering portion (4-3) for pressure buffering is provided between the first connecting portion (4-1) and the second connecting portion (4-2).

8. A high-temperature and high-pressure liquid metal jet device according to claim 1, 2, 3, 5, 6 or 7, characterized in that: The nozzle (5) is connected to the outlet end (3-2) of the crucible (3) via threads.

9. The high-temperature and high-pressure liquid metal jet device according to claim 8, characterized in that: The outer wall of the nozzle (5) is provided with at least two oppositely arranged clamping parts for clamping.

10. A high-temperature and high-pressure liquid metal jet device according to claim 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7 or 9, characterized in that: The nozzle output end (5-2) of the nozzle (5) is in the shape of a circle, an ellipse, an angular shape, a wavy line shape or a cross shape.

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