Communication method and device

Abstract

The invention relates to a communication method, equipment, a computer readable storage medium, a computer program product and a computer program. The method comprises the following steps: a first device sends an energy supply signal to a third device; wherein the time domain range of the energy supply signal comprises a plurality of time periods; the energy supply signal is generated by different first parameters in different time periods of the plurality of time periods.

Description

Communication method and device Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of communications, and more specifically, to a communication method, device, computer-readable storage medium, computer program product, and computer program. Background Art

[0002] In related technologies, terminal devices, especially zero-power terminals, may need to report data to network devices. However, when zero-power terminals report data to network devices, how to ensure the security of the data reported by the zero-power terminals becomes a problem that needs to be solved.

[0003] Summary of the Invention

[0004] Embodiments of the present application provide a communication method, device, computer-readable storage medium, computer program product, and computer program.

[0005] An embodiment of the present application provides a communication method, including:

[0006] The first device sends a power supply signal to the third device; wherein the time domain range of the power supply signal includes multiple time periods; and the power supply signal is generated by different first parameters in different time periods of the multiple time periods.

[0007] An embodiment of the present application provides a communication method, including:

[0008] The second device receives the first signal sent by the third device;

[0009] The second device processes the first signal based on the second signal to obtain the data reported by the third device; wherein the duration of the second signal includes multiple time periods; the second signal is generated by different second parameters in different time periods of the multiple time periods.

[0010] An embodiment of the present application provides a communication method, including:

[0011] The third device receives the energy supply signal sent by the first device; wherein the time domain range of the energy supply signal includes multiple time periods; and the energy supply signal is generated by different first parameters in different time periods of the multiple time periods;

[0012] The third device sends a first signal to the second device, where the first signal carries data reported by the third device.

[0013] An embodiment of the present application provides a first device, including:

[0014] The first communication unit is configured to send a power supply signal to a third device; wherein the time domain range of the power supply signal includes multiple time periods; and the power supply signal is generated by different first parameters in different time periods of the multiple time periods.

[0015] An embodiment of the present application provides a second device, including:

[0016] a second communication unit, configured to receive a first signal sent by a third device;

[0017] The second processing unit is used to process the first signal based on the second signal to obtain the data reported by the third device; wherein the duration of the second signal includes multiple time periods; the second signal is generated by different second parameters in different time periods of the multiple time periods.

[0018] This embodiment of the present application provides a third device, including:

[0019] The third communication unit is used to receive a power supply signal sent by the first device; wherein the time domain range of the power supply signal includes multiple time periods; the power supply signal is generated by different first parameters in different time periods of the multiple time periods; and send a first signal to the second device, wherein the first signal carries the data reported by the third device.

[0020] An embodiment of the present application provides a first device, comprising a processor and a memory, wherein the memory is used to store a computer program, and the processor is used to call and execute the computer program stored in the memory, so that the first device performs the above method.

[0021] An embodiment of the present application provides a second device, comprising a processor and a memory, wherein the memory is used to store a computer program, and the processor is used to call and execute the computer program stored in the memory, so that the second device executes the above method.

[0022] An embodiment of the present application provides a third device, comprising a processor and a memory, wherein the memory is used to store a computer program, and the processor is used to call and execute the computer program stored in the memory, so that the third device executes the above method.

[0023] The embodiment of the present application provides a chip for implementing the above method.

[0024] Specifically, the chip includes: a processor, which is used to call and run a computer program from a memory, so that a device equipped with the chip executes the above method.

[0025] An embodiment of the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium for storing a computer program, which enables a device to perform the above method when the computer program is executed by the device.

[0026] An embodiment of the present application provides a computer program product, including computer program instructions, which enable a computer to execute the above method.

[0027] An embodiment of the present application provides a computer program, which, when executed on a computer, enables the computer to execute the above method.

[0028] By adopting the solution provided in this embodiment, the time domain range of the power supply signal sent by the first device includes multiple time periods, and the power supply signal is generated using different second parameters in different time periods. In this way, the power supply signal sent by the first device is a time-varying power supply signal. This makes it impossible for an eavesdropper to parse the data modulated onto the power supply signal by the third device because the eavesdropper cannot obtain the time-varying law of the power supply signal, thereby ensuring the security of the data uploaded by the third device. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] FIG1 is a schematic diagram of an application scenario according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0030] FIG2 is a schematic diagram of a zero-power communication system based on backscattering.

[0031] FIG3 is a schematic diagram of a scenario of a hybrid zero-power communication system based on cellular and / or sideline communication according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0032] FIG4 is a schematic flowchart of a communication method according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0033] FIG5 is a schematic flowchart of a communication method according to another embodiment of the present application.

[0034] FIG6 is an exemplary flowchart of a communication method according to another embodiment of the present application.

[0035] 7 and 8 are schematic diagrams of various exemplary processing flows of a communication method according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0036] FIG9 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary processing flow for generating an energy supply signal using an amplitude parameter in a communication method according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0037] FIG10 is an example diagram of simulation experiment results of using amplitude parameters to generate an energy supply signal according to the communication method in an embodiment of the present application.

[0038] FIG11 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary processing flow for generating an energy supply signal using phase parameters in a communication method according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0039] FIG12 is an example diagram of simulation experiment results based on the communication method provided in an embodiment of the present application using phase parameters to generate an energy supply signal.

[0040] FIG13 is a schematic diagram of a scenario in which an eavesdropper exists in an application scenario of a communication method according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0041] FIG14 is a schematic block diagram of a first device according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0042] FIG15 is a schematic block diagram of a second device according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0043] FIG16 is a schematic block diagram of a third device according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0044] FIG17 is a schematic block diagram of a third device according to another embodiment of the present application.

[0045] FIG18 is a schematic block diagram of a communication device according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0046] FIG19 is a schematic block diagram of a chip according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0047] Figure 20 is a schematic block diagram of a communication system according to an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0048] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application.

[0049] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application can be applied to various communication systems, such as: Global System of Mobile communication (GSM) system, Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) system, Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) system, General Packet Radio Service (GPRS), Long Term Evolution (LTE) system, Advanced Long Term Evolution (LTE-A) system, New Radio (NR) system, NR system evolution system, LTE on unlicensed spectrum (LTE-U) system, NR on unlicensed spectrum (NR-U) system, Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTN) system, Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS), Wireless Local Area Networks (WLAN), Wireless Fidelity (Wireless Fidelity) system. Fidelity, WiFi), fifth-generation communication (5th-Generation, 5G) system or other communication systems, etc.

[0050] Generally speaking, traditional communication systems support a limited number of connections and are easy to implement. However, with the development of communication technology, mobile communication systems will not only support traditional communications, but will also support, for example, device-to-device (D2D) communication, machine-to-machine (M2M) communication, machine-type communication (MTC), vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication, or vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication, etc. The embodiments of the present application can also be applied to these communication systems.

[0051] In one possible implementation, the communication system in the embodiment of the present application can be applied to a carrier aggregation (CA) scenario, a dual connectivity (DC) scenario, and a standalone (SA) networking scenario.

[0052] In one possible implementation, the communication system in the embodiment of the present application can be applied to an unlicensed spectrum, where the unlicensed spectrum can also be considered as a shared spectrum; or, the communication system in the embodiment of the present application can also be applied to an authorized spectrum, where the authorized spectrum can also be considered as an unshared spectrum.

[0053] The embodiments of the present application describe various embodiments in conjunction with network devices and terminal devices, wherein the terminal device may also be referred to as user equipment (UE), access terminal, user unit, user station, mobile station, mobile station, remote station, remote terminal, mobile device, user terminal, terminal, wireless communication device, user agent or user device, etc.

[0054] The terminal device can be a station (STAION, ST) in a WLAN, a cellular phone, a cordless phone, a Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) phone, a Wireless Local Loop (WLL) station, a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) device, a handheld device with wireless communication capabilities, a computing device or other processing device connected to a wireless modem, a vehicle-mounted device, a wearable device, a terminal device in a next-generation communication system such as an NR network, or a terminal device in a future evolved Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN) network, etc.

[0055] In an embodiment of the present application, the terminal device can be deployed on land, including indoors or outdoors, handheld, wearable or vehicle-mounted; it can also be deployed on the water surface (such as ships, etc.); it can also be deployed in the air (such as airplanes, balloons and satellites, etc.).

[0056] In an embodiment of the present application, the terminal device may be a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a computer with wireless transceiver function, a virtual reality (VR) terminal device, an augmented reality (AR) terminal device, a wireless terminal device in industrial control, a wireless terminal device in self-driving, a wireless terminal device in remote medical, a wireless terminal device in a smart grid, a wireless terminal device in transportation safety, a wireless terminal device in a smart city, or a wireless terminal device in a smart home, etc.

[0057] As an example and not a limitation, in the embodiment of the present application, the terminal device may also be a wearable device. Wearable devices may also be called wearable smart devices, which are a general term for wearable devices that are intelligently designed and developed using wearable technology for daily wear, such as glasses, gloves, watches, clothing, and shoes. A wearable device is a portable device that is worn directly on the body or integrated into the user's clothes or accessories. Wearable devices are not only hardware devices, but also achieve powerful functions through software support, data interaction, and cloud interaction. Broadly speaking, wearable smart devices include those that are fully functional, large in size, and can achieve complete or partial functions without relying on smartphones, such as smart watches or smart glasses, as well as those that only focus on a certain type of application function and need to be used in conjunction with other devices such as smartphones, such as various smart bracelets and smart jewelry for vital sign monitoring.

[0058] In an embodiment of the present application, the network device may be a device for communicating with a mobile device. The network device may be an access point (AP) in WLAN, a base station (BTS) in GSM or CDMA, a base station (NodeB, NB) in WCDMA, an evolved base station (eNB or eNodeB) in LTE, or a relay station or access point, or a vehicle-mounted device, a wearable device, and a network device (gNB) in an NR network, or a network device in a future evolved PLMN network or a network device in an NTN network, etc.

[0059] As an example and not a limitation, in an embodiment of the present application, the network device may have a mobile feature, for example, the network device may be a mobile device. Alternatively, the network device may be a satellite or a balloon station. For example, the satellite may be a low earth orbit (LEO) satellite, a medium earth orbit (MEO) satellite, a geostationary earth orbit (GEO) satellite, a high elliptical orbit (HEO) satellite, etc. Optionally, the network device may also be a base station set up in a location such as land or water.

[0060] In an embodiment of the present application, the network device can provide services for a cell, and the terminal device communicates with the network device through the transmission resources used by the cell (for example, frequency domain resources, or spectrum resources). The cell can be a cell corresponding to the network device (for example, a base station). The cell can belong to a macro base station or a base station corresponding to a small cell. The small cells here may include: metro cells, micro cells, pico cells, femto cells, etc. These small cells have the characteristics of small coverage and low transmission power, and are suitable for providing high-speed data transmission services.

[0061] FIG1 exemplarily illustrates a communication system 100. The communication system includes a network device 110 and two terminal devices 120. In one possible implementation, the communication system 100 may include multiple network devices 110, and each network device 110 may include a different number of terminal devices 120 within its coverage area, which is not limited in this embodiment of the present application.

[0062] In one possible implementation, the communication system 100 may further include other network entities such as a Mobility Management Entity (MME) and an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF), which is not limited in this embodiment of the present application.

[0063] Among them, the network equipment may include access network equipment and core network equipment. That is, the wireless communication system also includes multiple core networks for communicating with the access network equipment. The access network equipment can be an evolutionary base station (evolutional node B, abbreviated as eNB or e-NodeB) macro base station, micro base station (also called "small base station"), pico base station, access point (AP), transmission point (TP) or new generation base station (new generation Node B, gNodeB), etc. in a long-term evolution (LTE) system, a next-generation (mobile communication system) (next radio, NR) system or an authorized auxiliary access long-term evolution (LAA-LTE) system.

[0064] It should be understood that in the embodiments of the present application, a device having a communication function in a network / system may be referred to as a communication device. Taking the communication system shown in Figure 1 as an example, the communication device may include a network device and a terminal device having a communication function. The network device and the terminal device may be specific devices in the embodiments of the present application and will not be described in detail here. The communication device may also include other devices in the communication system, such as a network controller, a mobility management entity, and other network entities, which are not limited in the embodiments of the present application.

[0065] To facilitate understanding of the embodiments of the present application, the following briefly describes the basic processes and basic concepts involved in the embodiments of the present application. It should be understood that the basic processes and basic concepts introduced below do not limit the embodiments of the present application.

[0066] IoT scenarios may encounter extreme environments such as high temperatures, extremely low temperatures, high humidity, high voltage, high radiation, or high-speed motion. Examples include ultra-high voltage power stations, high-speed train track monitoring, environmental monitoring in cold regions, and industrial production lines. In these scenarios, IoT terminals cannot operate due to the operating environment limitations of conventional power supplies. Furthermore, extreme operating environments are not conducive to IoT maintenance, such as battery replacement. Certain IoT communication scenarios, such as food traceability, commodity distribution, and smart wearables, require terminals to be extremely small to facilitate their use. For example, IoT terminals used for commodity management in the distribution process often take the form of electronic tags, embedded in product packaging in a very compact form factor. Another example is lightweight wearable devices that can meet user needs while improving the user experience. Many IoT communication scenarios require IoT terminals to be sufficiently low-cost to enhance their competitiveness compared to alternative technologies. For example, in logistics or warehousing scenarios, to facilitate the management of large numbers of circulating items, IoT terminals can be attached to each item. Communication between the terminal and the logistics network enables precise management of the entire logistics process and lifecycle. These scenarios require IoT terminals to be competitively priced.

[0067] A zero-power communication network is a wireless communication technology suitable for short-range, low-speed communications. Zero-power devices primarily combine RF energy harvesting, backscattering, and low-power computing technologies to achieve the advantage of device nodes not carrying a power supply. The basic architecture of a zero-power system is shown in Figure 2, consisting of a reader and a tag. The tag can perform functions such as energy harvesting, backscattering communication, and low-power computing. A tag is a type of zero-power terminal. It should be understood that in real-world scenarios, a zero-power terminal can be either a tag or a standard device; this is not a limitation here.

[0068] A key technical advantage of zero-power communication is its battery-free nature. By leveraging key technologies such as RF energy harvesting, backscattering, and low-power computing, terminals can be battery-free and require minimal hardware complexity. Therefore, zero-power communication meets the demands for ultra-low power consumption, extremely small size, and extremely low cost. It is foreseeable that zero-power technology will have significant advantages in a wide range of applications. Examples include industrial sensor networks for vertical industries, intelligent transportation, smart logistics, smart warehousing, smart agriculture, smart cities, and energy, as well as consumer applications such as smart wearables, smart homes, and healthcare. This section will highlight some typical scenarios to illustrate the potential of zero-power communication in these areas.

[0069] When the reader is a network device, its requirements (or characteristics) are as follows:

[0070] Flexible deployment based on cellular network infrastructure: For example, it can be deployed outdoors at pole sites or indoors at the same spacing as DIS (Digital Indoor System) sites to provide basic coverage. Alternatively, it can be deployed on demand to fill in blind spots or extend coverage.

[0071] Coverage requirements: The coverage distance requirement for a single station is greater than 30m indoors and greater than 100m outdoors;

[0072] Network security: Authorized tag reading to protect privacy and data security;

[0073] Connection requirements: Support sufficient system capacity and data reading from a large number of terminals.

[0074] The characteristics of a zero-power terminal, zero-power device, or zero-power IoT terminal include but are not limited to the following:

[0075] Power consumption: can be less than 1mw, passive, battery-free and maintenance-free;

[0076] Working environment: It needs to be able to match special environments, such as high temperature, high pressure, extreme cold, radiation and other special environments;

[0077] Size: extremely small, convenient for large-scale application;

[0078] Communication distance: can reach tens to hundreds of meters;

[0079] Material Type: Paper labels and anti-metal labels are available.

[0080] It should be understood that the above only describes the application scenarios of industrial sensor networks, and the application scenarios of industrial sensor networks may also include other requirements, but they are not listed here exhaustively. In addition, in other application scenarios, there will be differences from the requirements of the aforementioned industrial sensor networks. For example, in the application scenarios of smart logistics and smart warehousing, the connection requirements may be increased (due to the large number of goods, a large number of tags need to be detected at the same time, so it may be necessary to achieve thousands of connections per second); for example, in the application scenarios of smart homes, the communication delay requirements may be increased (smart home appliance adjustment: tens of milliseconds to hundreds of milliseconds; home positioning: hundreds of milliseconds to seconds), as well as the requirements for excitation signals (using the signals of smart devices in the home, such as smartphones, CPE (Customer Premise Equipment), and WIFI as energy excitation signals for passive terminals, without the need for additional excitation signals, simplifying the network layout), etc., which are not listed here exhaustively.

[0081] In a zero-power communication system based on backscattering, a zero-power device's backscatter transmitter modulates and reflects received RF (Radio Frequency) signals to transmit data, rather than generating its own RF signals. This technology has found widespread practical application in applications such as RFID (Radio Frequency Identification), tracking devices, remote switches, medical telemetry, and low-cost sensor networks.

[0082] Specifically, the zero-power terminal has three main modules: energy harvesting, backscattering, and low-power computing.

[0083] Energy harvesting, also known as RF energy collection, is based on the conversion of RF energy into DC. This energy can be stored in batteries or capacitors, or it can be directly used to drive logic circuits, digital chips, or sensors, completing functions and applications such as modulation and transmission of backscattered signals and collection and processing of sensor information. The basic principle of RF energy harvesting is to collect electromagnetic wave energy from space through electromagnetic induction. The essence of RF energy harvesting is to convert RF energy into DC voltage. When applied to zero-power communications, the core requirement of RF energy harvesting is to effectively use the collected energy to drive load circuits (low-power computing, sensors, etc.) to achieve battery-free communication.

[0084] Backscatter technology is a wireless technology that achieves signal transmission and encoding without an active transmitter. Similar to the principle of radar, electromagnetic waves are partially reflected when they strike an object. The strength of the reflected signal depends on the object's shape, material, and distance. From a radar perspective, each object has a radar cross-section (RCS). Tags modulate the reflected signal by changing its RCS. Backscatter transmitters modulate received RF signals to transmit data, eliminating the need to generate RF signals themselves. For example, a backscatter tag is a zero-power terminal. A backscatter reader transmits RF signals via a carrier wave through a transmitter (TX) and an amplifier (AMP) to the backscatter tag. After receiving the carrier wave, the backscatter tag harvests energy through its energy harvesting function, uses this energy to power its own logic processing module, and then transmits the data to be transmitted via the reflected signal to the backscatter reader. The backscatter reader receives this data via a low-noise amplifier (LNA) and receiver (RX).

[0085] The conversion efficiency of radio frequency energy is often less than 10%, which dictates that the power consumption required to drive digital logic circuits or chips for computation must be kept to a minimum. While improvements in process technology and design optimization have increased the number of computations per microjoule of energy, this still falls short of meeting the requirements for complex calculations.

[0086] With the development of 5G systems, the 3GPP standard has introduced requirements for 5G systems to support zero-power terminal access to the network. Zero-power terminal access networks primarily target scenarios with the following characteristics: extreme environments unsuitable for standard terminals; the use of terminals with very low power consumption and cost; and battery-free terminals. Zero-power communication systems can be used in scenarios such as wireless industrial sensing networks, smart agriculture, smart warehousing and logistics, and smart homes. Zero-power terminals can connect directly to the base station or through a relay device. The former is called direct mode, and the latter is called indirect mode.

[0087] Based on the energy source and usage of zero-power terminals, zero-power terminals can be divided into the following types:

[0088] 1) Passive zero-power terminals. Passive zero-power terminals do not require internal batteries. When a passive zero-power terminal approaches a network device (such as an RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) system reader), it is within the near field formed by the network device antenna radiation. Therefore, the passive zero-power terminal antenna generates an induced current through electromagnetic induction, and the induced current drives the low-power chip circuit of the zero-power terminal. This realizes the demodulation of the forward link signal and the modulation of the backward link signal. For the backscatter link, the passive zero-power terminal uses the backscatter implementation method to transmit the signal.

[0089] As can be seen, passive zero-power terminals require no internal batteries for either the forward or reverse link, making them truly zero-power terminals. Passive zero-power terminals do not require batteries, and their RF and baseband circuits are very simple. For example, they do not require components such as LNAs (low-noise amplifiers), PAs (power amplifiers), crystal oscillators, and ADCs (digital-to-analog converters). Consequently, they offer numerous advantages, including small size, light weight, very low price, and long service life. Other features of these passive zero-power terminals include: no batteries; they draw energy from the surrounding environment (such as radio waves, solar energy, wind energy, and mechanical energy); and they do not require a USIM (Universal Subscriber Identity Module). While they can store a certain amount of energy from the surrounding environment, the energy consumption is minimal, and therefore the functional logic they support is much less than that of standard mobile phone terminals.

[0090] 2) Semi-passive zero-power terminals: These terminals do not have conventional batteries themselves, but instead use RF energy harvesting modules to harvest radio wave energy and store it in an energy storage unit (such as a capacitor). This energy storage unit then drives the low-power chip circuitry of the semi-passive zero-power terminal, enabling forward link signal demodulation and backward link signal modulation. For backscatter links, the semi-passive zero-power terminal uses backscattering to transmit signals.

[0091] As can be seen, the semi-passive zero-power terminal does not require internal batteries for either the forward link or the reverse link. Although it uses energy stored in capacitors, this energy comes from radio energy collected by the energy harvesting module, making it a truly zero-power terminal. Semi-passive zero-power terminals inherit many of the advantages of passive zero-power terminals, offering advantages such as small size, light weight, very low price, and long service life.

[0092] 3) Active zero-power terminals. The zero-power terminals used in some scenarios can also be active zero-power terminals, which can have built-in batteries. The battery is used to drive the low-power chip circuit of the active zero-power terminal to realize the demodulation of the forward link signal and the modulation of the backward link signal. However, for the backscatter link, the active zero-power terminal uses the backscatter implementation method to transmit the signal. Therefore, the zero power consumption of this type of terminal is mainly reflected in the fact that the signal transmission of the reverse link does not require the terminal's own power, but uses the backscatter method. The active zero-power terminal has a built-in battery to power the RFID chip to increase the reading and writing distance of the tag and improve the reliability of communication. Therefore, it can be used in some scenarios with relatively high requirements on communication distance, reading delay, etc.

[0093] In conjunction with FIG3 , different situations of a hybrid zero-power communication system based on cellular and / or sideline communication are described in detail:

[0094] Case 1, zero-power communication triggered by auxiliary power supply of smart terminal: the zero-power terminal is powered and triggered by the smart terminal in the network, and the backscattered signal of the zero-power terminal is received by the base station. Among them, the power supply and triggering operations of the smart terminal can be controlled by the base station through air interface signaling. In this case, the smart terminal can be the aforementioned third device, and the smart terminal can also be replaced by an auxiliary base station; that is, the third device sends a trigger signal to the zero-power terminal to activate and enable the zero-power terminal function; then the zero-power terminal can send data to the base station.

[0095] Case 2: Network-powered / triggered zero-power sidelink communication: The base station provides wireless power and sends trigger signaling to the zero-power terminal. The backscattered signal from the zero-power terminal is received by the smart terminal, completing the sidelink communication. Furthermore, the smart terminal sends air interface data to the base station.

[0096] Case 3: Zero-power communication with smart terminal assistance: A smart terminal in the network provides auxiliary power to a zero-power terminal. The base station sends a trigger message to the zero-power terminal and receives the backscattered signal from the zero-power terminal. The base station controls the process of assisting the zero-power terminal with auxiliary power via air interface signaling.

[0097] Case 4: Network-controlled zero-power sidelink communication: The smart terminal receives air interface signaling and data from the network. The smart terminal powers and triggers the zero-power terminal and receives the backscattered signal from the zero-power terminal, completing the sidelink communication.

[0098] Currently, there is no solution to prevent uplink signals from being eavesdropped on for zero-power communication systems that are a mixture of cellular and sideline communications. In the related art, the anti-eavesdropping solutions mainly focus on scenarios where user terminals (UEs) communicate directly with zero-power devices in two-way manners, such as: key-based secure transmission methods, and artificial noise-based secure transmission methods. Among them, the key-based secure transmission method can be that the user terminal and the zero-power device interact to generate a physical layer key using some physical layer characteristics (signal strength, etc.); or use some lightweight key generation methods to generate a key, such as the lightweight security suite in the RFID protocol; the zero-power device key finally uses the key to encrypt the information for transmission. The artificial noise-based secure transmission method can be that the user terminal transmits some artificial noise to interfere with the information of the zero-power device received by the eavesdropper, but because the user terminal itself knows the artificial noise, the noise effect can be eliminated by denoising.

[0099] However, in key-based secure transmission methods, zero-power devices still need to perform some necessary calculations, such as estimating signal strength and performing mathematical operations such as XOR. Overall, this increases the overhead of the zero-power device. Furthermore, any key generation method requires interaction between the user terminal and the zero-power device. However, in a zero-power communication system that combines cellular and sidelink communications, the communication link is unidirectional. Zero-power devices cannot interact with other devices and therefore cannot generate keys.

[0100] For secure transmission methods based on artificial noise, the introduction of artificial noise not only affects the communication link itself but also degrades other communications in the broadcast environment. This makes it unfriendly to cellular networks and unsuitable for zero-power communication systems that mix cellular and sidewalk communications. Furthermore, randomly generating artificial noise also incurs additional overhead.

[0101] It should be understood that the terms "system" and "network" are often used interchangeably herein. The term "and / or" is simply a description of an association between related objects, indicating that three possible relationships exist. For example, "A and / or B" can represent: A exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, or B exists alone. Furthermore, the character " / " generally indicates that the related objects are in an "or" relationship.

[0102] It should be understood that the "indication" mentioned in the embodiments of this application can be a direct indication, an indirect indication, or an indication of an association. For example, "A indicates B" can mean that A directly indicates B, for example, B can be obtained through A; it can also mean that A indirectly indicates B, for example, A indicates C, and B can be obtained through C; it can also mean that there is an association between A and B.

[0103] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the term "corresponding" may indicate a direct or indirect correspondence between the two, or an association relationship between the two, or a relationship between indication and being indicated, configuration and being configured, etc.

[0104] To facilitate understanding of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the relevant technologies of the embodiments of the present application are described below. The following relevant technologies can be arbitrarily combined with the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application as optional solutions, and they all fall within the protection scope of the embodiments of the present application.

[0105] Figure 4 is a schematic flow chart of a communication method according to an embodiment of the present application. The method includes at least part of the following contents.

[0106] S410. The first device sends a power supply signal to the third device; wherein the time domain range of the power supply signal includes multiple time periods; and the power supply signal is generated by different first parameters in different time periods of the multiple time periods.

[0107] Figure 5 is a schematic flow chart of a communication method according to another embodiment of the present application. The method includes at least part of the following contents.

[0108] S510: The second device receives a first signal sent by the third device;

[0109] S520. The second device processes the first signal based on the second signal to obtain data reported by the third device; wherein the duration of the second signal includes multiple time periods; and the second signal is generated by different second parameters in different time periods of the multiple time periods.

[0110] Figure 6 is a schematic flow chart of a communication method according to another embodiment of the present application. The method includes at least part of the following contents.

[0111] S610: The third device receives an energy supply signal sent by the first device; wherein the time domain range of the energy supply signal includes multiple time periods; and the energy supply signal is generated by different first parameters in different time periods of the multiple time periods;

[0112] S620: The third device sends a first signal to the second device, where the first signal carries data reported by the third device.

[0113] Here, the third device may be a zero-power terminal. The first device may be a terminal device, such as a user equipment (UE), or other types of terminal devices, which are not exhaustive. The second device may be a network device. The network device may specifically be an access network device; alternatively, the network device may be an AP (wireless access point).

[0114] It should be noted that the aforementioned descriptions regarding the first device, the second device, and the third device are applicable to the communication method provided by any one of the embodiments corresponding to FIG. 4 to FIG. 6 .

[0115] In some possible implementations, before the aforementioned first device sends a power supply signal to the third device, it may perform the following processing: determine the time domain range of the power supply signal, determine the duration of the power supply signal, and determine the duration of each of the multiple time periods included in the time domain range.

[0116] The duration of the aforementioned power supply signal may be preset or determined by the first device. If the duration of the power supply signal is preset, it may mean that the duration of the power supply signal is specified in the protocol, or is pre-set by the second device for the first device, or is pre-set by other network devices for the first device. If the duration of the power supply signal is determined by the first device, it may be determined by the first device based on any one of its own processing resources, capability information, remaining power, etc. For example, when the remaining power of the first device exceeds the preset threshold value, the first duration may be used as the duration; when the remaining power of the first device is less than or equal to the preset threshold value, the second duration may be used as the duration; wherein the first duration is greater than the second duration.

[0117] The time domain range of the aforementioned energy supply signal can be determined based on the start time of the energy supply signal and the duration of the energy supply signal. For example, after determining the start time of the energy supply signal, the start time and end time of the energy supply signal can be determined in combination with the duration of the energy supply signal. The time domain range between the start time of the energy supply signal (including the start time of the energy supply signal) and the end time of the energy supply signal (including the end time of the energy supply signal) is the time domain range of the aforementioned energy supply signal.

[0118] The starting time of sending the energy supply signal may be determined by the first device.

[0119] Exemplarily, the starting transmission time of the power supply signal may be determined by the first device based on configuration information; the configuration information may include multiple optional transmission times. Accordingly, when the current time reaches one of the multiple optional transmission times, the first device uses the current time as the starting transmission time and begins transmitting the power supply signal. The configuration information may be configured by the second device, preset, or configured by a network device other than the second device. This embodiment does not limit the method for obtaining this configuration information.

[0120] For example, the start time for sending the power supply signal may be determined by the first device based on the first indication information from the second device. For example, the first indication information may include a first time value, and the first device may use the first time value as the start time for sending the power supply signal. For another example, if the first indication information is only used to instruct the first device to send the power supply signal, the first device may use the time when it receives the first indication information as the start time for sending the power supply signal.

[0121] In some possible implementations, the time domain range of the aforementioned power supply signal includes multiple time periods; that is, the duration of the power supply signal includes multiple time periods. In two adjacent time periods of the aforementioned multiple time periods, the end time of the previous time period is the same as the start time of the next time period. The duration of each time period in the multiple time periods is preset, determined by the second device, or determined by the first device. As long as the duration of each time period used by the first device and the second device is the same, it is within the scope of protection of this embodiment.

[0122] Optionally, when the duration of each time period is preset, the duration of each time period is related to the inverse of the information modulation rate of the third device. In this case, the durations of different time periods in the multiple time periods are the same.

[0123] Exemplarily, the duration of each time period may be equal to the inverse of the information modulation rate of the third device. For example, the information modulation rate of the third device is expressed as f tag , accordingly, the duration of each period can be equal to 1 / f tag .

[0124] Exemplarily, the duration of each time period may be equal to the first multiple of the inverse of the information modulation rate of the third device. For example, the first multiple may be represented by a, where a is a positive number. In a preferred example, a is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2; the information modulation rate of the third device is represented by f tag ; Accordingly, the duration of each period can be equal to a(1 / f tag ).

[0125] The first multiplier may be preset, determined by the first device, or determined by the second device; as long as the first multiplier used by the first device and the second device is the same, it is within the scope of protection of this embodiment. For example, the first multiplier may be the same multiplier value configured by the first device and the second device respectively. For another example, the first multiplier may be determined by the second device based on actual conditions, and then sent by the second device to the first device via the seventh indication information; accordingly, the first device receives the seventh indication information sent by the second device and obtains the first multiplier from the seventh indication information. For another example, the first multiplier may be determined by the first device based on actual conditions, and then sent by the first device to the second device via the eighth indication information; accordingly, the second device receives the eighth indication information sent by the first device and obtains the first multiplier from the eighth indication information. The seventh indication information may be carried by any one of an RRC (Radio Resource Control) message, a MAC (Medium Access Control) CE (Control Element), a DCI (Downlink Control Information), a system broadcast message, and the like. The eighth indication information may be carried by any one of an RRC message, a MAC CE, and UCI (Uplink Control Information).

[0126] Optionally, when the duration of each time period is determined by the second device, before the first device sends the power supply signal to the third device, the method further includes: the first device receives fifth indication information sent by the second device, and the fifth indication information is used to determine the duration of each time period. Correspondingly, when the duration of each time period is determined by the second device, before the second device receives the first signal sent by the third device, the method further includes: the second device sends fifth indication information to the first device, and the fifth indication information is used to determine the duration of each time period. In this case, among the multiple time periods, the duration of different time periods is the same, or the duration of different time periods is different.

[0127] The aforementioned fifth indication information can be carried by a downlink message, for example, it can be any one of an RRC message, a MAC CE, a DCI, a system broadcast message, and the like.

[0128] In a preferred example, the second device determines the duration of each time period by the inverse of the information modulation rate of the third device. For example, the second device can determine that the duration of each time period is equal to the inverse of the information modulation rate of the third device; for another example, the second device can determine that the duration of each time period is equal to the first multiple of the inverse of the information modulation rate of the third device; for another example, the second device can determine that the duration of each time period in the multiple time periods is configured according to a preset rule, for example, the preset rule is: the duration of the first time period is equal to the inverse of the information modulation rate of the third device, the duration of the second time period is equal to the first multiple of the inverse of the information modulation rate of the third device, the duration of the third time period is equal to the inverse of the information modulation rate of the third device, and the duration of the fourth time period is equal to the first multiple of the inverse of the information modulation rate of the third device. The relevant description of the first multiple is the same as that in the above embodiment and will not be repeated.

[0129] In other examples, the second device may determine the duration of each time period based on other parameters other than the information modulation rate of the third device. For example, the second device may configure the duration of each time period based on its own needs, and may configure different time periods to have the same duration, and / or may set different durations for different time periods.

[0130] It should be understood that this is merely an exemplary description, and the manner in which the second device determines the duration of each time period is not limited to the above examples, which are not exhaustive.

[0131] Optionally, when the duration of each time period is determined by the first device, before the first device sends the power supply signal to the third device, the method further includes: the first device sends sixth indication information to the second device, and the sixth indication information is used to determine the duration of each time period. Correspondingly, when the duration of each time period is determined by the first device, before the second device receives the first signal sent by the third device, the method further includes: the second device receives the sixth indication information sent by the first device, and the sixth indication information is used to determine the duration of each time period. In this case, among the multiple time periods, the duration of different time periods is the same, or the duration of different time periods is different.

[0132] The aforementioned sixth indication information can be carried by an uplink message, for example, it can be any one of an RRC message, a MAC CE, and a UCI.

[0133] The manner in which the first device determines the duration of each time period is similar to the manner in which the second device determines the duration of each time period provided in the aforementioned embodiment, and therefore will not be described repeatedly.

[0134] In some possible implementations, the first device and the second device may need to preconfigure or predetermine multiple candidate generation parameters. The multiple candidate generation parameters may be multiple candidate amplitude parameters or multiple candidate phase parameters. The multiple candidate generation parameters may be preset, determined by the second device, or determined by the first device.

[0135] Optionally, when the multiple candidate generation parameters are preset, the multiple candidate generation parameters may be preset by the first device and the second device, that is, the first device and the second device both preset the same multiple candidate generation parameters. The multiple candidate generation parameters that are preset by the first device and the second device may mean that, among the multiple candidate generation parameters preset by the first device and the second device, the candidate generation parameters at the same position have the same value.

[0136] Optionally, when the multiple candidate generation parameters are determined by the second device, before the second device receives the first signal sent by the third device, the method further includes: the second device sending third indication information to the first device, where the third indication information carries the multiple candidate generation parameters. Correspondingly, when the multiple candidate generation parameters are determined by the second device, before the first device sends the power supply signal to the third device, the method further includes: the first device receiving third indication information sent by the second device, where the third indication information carries the multiple candidate generation parameters.

[0137] The aforementioned third indication information can be carried by a downlink message, for example, it can be any one of an RRC message, a MAC CE, a DCI, a system broadcast message, etc.

[0138] The second device may determine the multiple candidate generation parameters by using a random number generator, or by using a random number generator with minimum and maximum values ​​defined, or by manually selecting each candidate generation parameter and determining its position. The specific method of manual processing is not limited here. It should be understood that this is merely an example, and the method for the second device to determine the multiple candidate generation parameters is not limited to the above examples, which are not exhaustive.

[0139] Optionally, when the multiple candidate generation parameters are determined by the first device, before the first device sends a power supply signal to the third device, the method further includes: the first device sending fourth indication information to the second device, where the fourth indication information carries the multiple candidate generation parameters. Correspondingly, when the multiple candidate generation parameters are determined by the first device, before the second device receives the first signal sent by the third device, the method further includes: the second device receiving fourth indication information sent by the first device, where the fourth indication information carries the multiple candidate generation parameters.

[0140] The aforementioned fourth indication information may be carried by an uplink message, for example, may be any one of an RRC message, a MAC CE, and an uplink control information (UCI).

[0141] The manner in which the first device determines multiple candidate generation parameters is similar to the manner in which the second device determines multiple candidate generation parameters provided in the aforementioned embodiment, and therefore will not be described repeatedly.

[0142] In some possible implementations, before sending the power supply signal to the third device, the first device may further include: determining a first parameter of the power supply signal in each of multiple time periods based on multiple candidate generation parameters; and generating a power supply signal based on the first parameter of each time period.

[0143] The energy supply signal is generated by the i-th first parameter in the i-th time period among the multiple time periods; the i-th first parameter is one of multiple candidate generation parameters; and i is a positive integer.

[0144] The aforementioned i-th time period may be any one of the multiple time periods, and the processing of each of the multiple time periods is not described in detail. It should be noted that the first parameters in different time periods among the multiple time periods may be different, that is, the first parameters in different time periods may be different candidate generation parameters among the multiple candidate generation parameters.

[0145] The energy supply signal within a time period can be referred to as an energy supply signal segment, or an energy supply signal sub-portion, or a partial energy supply signal, etc.; that is, the energy supply signal can include multiple time periods within a time domain range (i.e., duration), and the energy supply signal segment (or energy supply signal sub-portion, or partial energy supply signal) within each time period. For the sake of simplicity in the following description, whenever the energy supply signal within any time period is involved, it is referred to as the energy supply signal segment within that any time period.

[0146] In some possible implementations, the first device performs the aforementioned steps of determining the first parameter of the energy supply signal in each of a plurality of time periods based on a plurality of candidate generation parameters; and generating the energy supply signal based on the first parameter of each time period, which may specifically include: determining the first parameter of the energy supply signal in each of a plurality of time periods based on the sorting of a plurality of candidate generation parameters; and generating the energy supply signal based on the first parameter of each time period.

[0147] The i-th first parameter is the i-th candidate generation parameter among multiple candidate generation parameters. Here, the i-th first parameter specifically refers to the first parameter used in the i-th time period, or the first parameter corresponding to the i-th time period.

[0148] The aforementioned multiple candidate generation parameters may be in the form of a set, for example, the multiple candidate generation parameters may be multiple candidate generation parameters contained in a discrete set. For example, the discrete set is represented as Φ, and the multiple candidate generation parameters are represented as {φ1, φ2, ...φ N}, where N is an integer greater than or equal to 2, and N represents the number of candidate generation parameters.

[0149] The multiple candidate generation parameters may be sorted, and the aforementioned i-th candidate generation parameter may refer to the candidate generation parameter at the i-th position in the multiple candidate generation parameters; that is, in the i-th time period of the power supply signal, the method for determining the i-th first parameter may be: the first device selects the candidate generation parameter at the i-th position from the multiple candidate generation parameters as the i-th first parameter. Still taking the discrete set Φ as an example, the discrete set Φ contains N candidate generation parameters arranged in order, and the candidate generation parameter φ arranged at the i-th position among the N candidate generation parameters is selected. i , as the aforementioned i-th first parameter.

[0150] In a preferred example, the number of multiple candidate generation parameters is greater than or equal to the number of the aforementioned multiple time periods. That is to say, in the multiple time periods within the time domain range of an energy supply signal, the first parameters of different time periods are selected from different positions of the multiple candidate generation parameters. In some other examples, the number of multiple candidate generation parameters may be less than the number of the aforementioned multiple time periods. In this example, the multiple candidate generation parameters can be spliced ​​together in an end-to-end manner until the total number of obtained candidate generation parameters is greater than or equal to the number of the aforementioned multiple time periods; for example, the discrete set Φ contains 10 candidate generation parameters (that is, N is equal to 10), and the number of multiple time periods is 15. The 10 candidate generation parameters can be connected end to end to form 20 candidate generation parameters; and then the same method as mentioned above is still used to determine the i-th first parameter, which will not be repeated.

[0151] Exemplarily, the first device may be, when the first parameter of the power supply signal is changed for the i-th time, to select a candidate generation parameter at the i-th sorting position from the discrete set Φ as the i-th first parameter, and then generate a power supply signal segment within the i-th time period based on the i-th first parameter; and so on, until the power supply signal segment within each time period in all time periods is obtained, and finally the power supply signal f1(t) is obtained.

[0152] In some possible implementations, the first device performs the aforementioned determination of the first parameter of the power supply signal in each of multiple time periods based on multiple candidate generation parameters; and generates the power supply signal based on the first parameter of each time period, which may specifically include: the first device determines the first parameter in each time period from multiple candidate generation parameters based on each selected indication value in multiple selected indication values, and generates the power supply signal based on the first parameter in each time period.

[0153] Wherein, the i-th first parameter is determined from the multiple candidate generation parameters based on the i-th selection indicator value among the multiple selection indicator values; wherein, the i-th selection indicator value is a positive integer less than or equal to the number of the multiple candidate generation parameters.

[0154] The i-th selection indicator value is used to indicate a target sorting position; the i-th first parameter is a candidate generation parameter located at the target sorting position among the multiple candidate generation parameters.

[0155] In this embodiment, the first device determines the first parameter in each time period from multiple candidate generation parameters based on each selection indicator value among multiple selection indicator values, which may include: the first device determines the target sorting position based on the i-th selection indicator value among the multiple selection indicator values ​​in the i-th time period of the time domain range of the power supply signal, and determines a candidate generation parameter located at the target sorting position from the multiple candidate generation parameters as the i-th first parameter.

[0156] The aforementioned embodiments have already described multiple candidate generation parameters in detail, which will not be repeated here.

[0157] In this embodiment, the multiple selection indicator values ​​are also sorted; the aforementioned multiple selection indicator values ​​can be multiple selection indicator values ​​included in an indicator value sequence. Of course, the multiple selection indicator values ​​can also be in the form of a set. For example, the indicator value sequence can be represented as k, k = [k1, k2, ... k Q], wherein Q is an integer greater than or equal to 2, Q represents the number of selected indicator values, that is, the multiple selected indicator values ​​are specifically Q selected indicator values. In the indicator value sequence k, the Q selected indicator values ​​are arranged in sequence, and the selected indicator value arranged at the i-th position among the Q selected indicator values ​​is taken as the i-th selected indicator value (i.e., k i ); any one of the selected indication values ​​is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to the number of the plurality of candidate generation parameters.

[0158] In a preferred example, the number of the aforementioned selection indicator values ​​(that is, Q) may be greater than or equal to the number of the aforementioned multiple time periods. That is to say, in the multiple time periods within the time domain range of an energy supply signal, the first parameters of different time periods are selected from multiple candidate generation parameters based on the target sorting positions indicated by different selection indicator values. For example, assuming that N is equal to 5, the number of multiple time periods is 20, Q is equal to 20, and i is equal to 6, if k6=2, it means that the target sorting position indicated by the 6th selection indicator value is 2, and the 6th first parameter (that is, the first parameter used in the 6th time period) is the candidate generation parameter φ2 processed at the 2nd sorting position among the 5 candidate generation parameters.

[0159] In some other examples, the number of selected indicator values ​​(i.e., Q) may be less than the number of the aforementioned multiple time periods. In such examples, the multiple selected indicator values ​​can be concatenated end to end until the total number of selected indicator values ​​obtained is greater than or equal to the number of the aforementioned multiple time periods; for example, if the indicator value sequence k includes 10 selected indicator values ​​(i.e., Q is 10), and the number of multiple time periods is 18, the 10 selected indicator values ​​can be concatenated end to end to form 20 selected indicator values; and then the same method as described above is still used to determine the i-th selected indicator value, and then determine the i-th first parameter, which will not be described in detail.

[0160] Exemplarily, the first device may be, when the first parameter of the power supply signal is changed for the i-th time, to select the selection indication value at the i-th position from the indication value sequence k as the i-th selection indication value; according to the target sorting position indicated by the i-th selection indication value, to select a candidate generation parameter at the target sorting position from the discrete set Φ as the i-th first parameter; based on the i-th first parameter, to generate a power supply signal segment within the i-th time period; and so on, until the power supply signal segment within each time period in all time periods is obtained, and finally the power supply signal f1(t) is obtained.

[0161] In some possible implementations, the multiple selection indication values ​​are preset, or determined by the second device, or determined by the first device.

[0162] Optionally, when the multiple selection indication values ​​are preset, the multiple selection indication values ​​may be preset by the first device and the second device, that is, the first device and the second device both have the same multiple selection indication values ​​preset. The multiple selection indication values ​​that are preset by the first device and the second device may mean that, among the multiple selection indication values ​​preset by the first device and the second device, the selection indication values ​​at the same position are the same.

[0163] Optionally, when the multiple selection indication values ​​are determined for the second device, before the first device sends a power supply signal to the third device, the method further includes: the first device receiving first indication information sent by the second device, where the first indication information carries the multiple selection indication values. Correspondingly, when the multiple selection indication values ​​are determined for the second device, before the second device receives the first signal sent by the third device, the method further includes: the second device sending first indication information to the first device, where the first indication information carries the multiple selection indication values.

[0164] The aforementioned first indication information may be carried by a downlink message, for example, it may be any one of an RRC message, a MAC CE, a DCI, a system broadcast message, and the like.

[0165] It should be noted that in the aforementioned embodiment, the first indication information, the third indication information, the fifth indication information, and the seventh indication information may be carried by the same downlink message, such as carried in the same RRC message. Alternatively, the first indication information, the third indication information, the fifth indication information, and the seventh indication information may be carried by different downlink messages, such as carried by different RRC messages. For another example, the first indication information, the third indication information, the fifth indication information, and the seventh indication information may be carried by different types of messages such as RRC messages, MAC CEs, DCIs, and system broadcast messages. Alternatively, at least two of the first indication information, the third indication information, the fifth indication information, and the seventh indication information may be carried by the same downlink message, such as the first indication information and the third indication information being carried by the first RRC message, and the fifth indication information and the seventh indication information being carried by the first MAC CE, and so on. This does not exhaustively enumerate all possible situations.

[0166] The second device may determine the multiple selection indicator values ​​by manually selecting and setting each selection indicator value and determining the position of each selection indicator value based on the number of candidate generation parameters and the specific value of each candidate generation parameter. The specific method of manual processing is not limited here. Alternatively, a random number sequence may be generated, and the value range of each value in the random number sequence may be set to an integer greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to the number of candidate generation parameters. It should be understood that this is merely an example, and the method for the second device to determine the multiple selection indicator values ​​is not limited to the above example, but is not intended to be exhaustive.

[0167] Optionally, when the multiple selection indication values ​​are determined by the first device, before the first device sends a power supply signal to the third device, the method further includes: the first device sending second indication information to the second device, where the second indication information carries the multiple selection indication values. Correspondingly, when the multiple selection indication values ​​are determined by the first device, before the second device receives the first signal sent by the third device, the method further includes: the second device receiving second indication information sent by the first device, where the second indication information carries the multiple selection indication values.

[0168] The aforementioned second indication information may be carried by an uplink message, for example, may be any one of an RRC message, a MAC CE, and an uplink control information (UCI).

[0169] It should be noted that, in the aforementioned embodiment, the second indication information, the fourth indication information, the sixth indication information, and the eighth indication information may be carried by the same uplink message, such as carried in the same uplink RRC message. Alternatively, the second indication information, the fourth indication information, the sixth indication information, and the eighth indication information may be carried by different uplink messages, such as carried by different uplink RRC messages. For another example, the second indication information, the fourth indication information, the sixth indication information, and the eighth indication information may be carried by different types of messages in the uplink RRC message, MAC CE, and UCI. Alternatively, at least two of the second indication information, the fourth indication information, the sixth indication information, and the eighth indication information may be carried by the same uplink message, such as the second indication information and the sixth indication information may be carried by the second RRC message, and the fourth indication information and the eighth indication information may be carried by the third RRC message, and so on. All possible situations are not enumerated here.

[0170] It should also be noted that if the first to eighth indication information need to be transmitted between the first device and the second device, the first to eighth indication information can also be encrypted and transmitted; wherein, the encryption method can adopt any encryption method in the relevant technology. In one example, the WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy) mechanism of RC4 (Rivest Cipher 4, stream encryption algorithm) can be used for encryption; in another example, 3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project) AS (Access Stratum, access layer) security technology can be used for encryption; in another example, IPSEC (Internet Protocol Security) can be used for encryption. This is only an example, and not an exhaustive list of all possible encryption methods.

[0171] The manner in which the first device determines the multiple selection indication values ​​is similar to the manner in which the second device determines the multiple selection indication values ​​provided in the aforementioned embodiment, and therefore will not be described repeatedly.

[0172] From the description of the foregoing embodiments, it can be seen that the energy supply signal sent on the first device side is specifically a time-varying energy supply signal. Unless otherwise specified below, the energy supply signal and the time-varying energy supply signal have the same meaning and will not be explained again.

[0173] In some possible implementations, the processing of the third device may include: the third device receives a power supply signal sent by the first device; wherein the time domain range of the power supply signal includes multiple time periods; the power supply signal is generated by different first parameters in different time periods of the multiple time periods; and the third device sends a first signal to the second device, and the first signal carries data reported by the third device.

[0174] The power supply signal sent by the aforementioned first device can be expressed as f1(t); accordingly, the power supply signal sent by the first device is received by the third device through the channel between the first device and the third device. Therefore, the power supply signal sent by the first device can be expressed as: Among them, h UT is the channel from the first device to the third device, That is, the energy supply signal received by the third device.

[0175] Before the third device sends the first signal to the second device, the method further includes: the third device modulating the reported data onto the power supply signal to obtain the first signal.

[0176] The third device modulating the reported data onto the power supply signal to obtain the first signal may refer to the third device modulating the reported data onto the power supply signal using a specified modulation method to obtain the first signal. Here, the specified modulation method may be pre-set and may be related to the type of the candidate generation parameter. Alternatively, the specified modulation method may be a fixed modulation method of the third device, and the type of the candidate generation parameter is determined based on the specified modulation method of the third device.

[0177] The aforementioned reported data may be pre-collected by the third device, or may be collected after receiving the power supply signal. This embodiment does not limit the content of the reported data, the collection method of the reported data, and the collection timing.

[0178] The third device modulating the reported data onto the power supply signal under a specified modulation mode to obtain the first signal may include: the third device modulating the value of the symbol mapping to be transmitted onto the power supply signal under the specified modulation mode to obtain the first signal. The symbol to be transmitted includes an information symbol; the information symbol is the reported data. Unless otherwise specified below, the data reported by the third device may be equivalent to the information symbol, and no further explanation is given.

[0179] The information code element may be obtained by sampling, for example, the number of information code elements may be multiple, and the value of each information code element may be a value obtained by sampling at a sampling point; for example, due to the information modulation rate f of the third device in the zero-power system tag Not high, the sampling rate is generally greater than f tag Therefore, one information symbol of the third device (that is, within the time range of one information symbol) may correspond to multiple sampling points. Therefore, the value of the information symbol can be obtained by averaging the values ​​of the multiple sampling points corresponding to the time range of one information symbol, thereby reducing the influence of noise.

[0180] The code elements to be transmitted may also include shared information; the shared information may be a sequence of length L, and the value of each position in the sequence may be predetermined. It should be noted that the third device and the second device may pre-configure or pre-set the same value of the shared information and the length of the shared information. Hereinafter, unless otherwise specified, the shared information and the value of the shared information have the same meaning and are not repeated. In one possible example, the shared information may also be referred to as a preamble.

[0181] For example, the code element to be transmitted can be expressed as r(t), and the power supply signal received by the third device from the first device can be expressed as: Accordingly, the first signal generated by the third device can be expressed as Here, F(f1(t), r(t)) represents a modulated signal obtained by modulating r(t) onto the power supply signal f1(t).

[0182] The first parameter is an amplitude parameter or a phase parameter. Specifically, the plurality of candidate generation parameters include a plurality of candidate amplitude parameters or a plurality of candidate phase parameters.

[0183] Optionally, when the first parameter is an amplitude parameter, the third device modulates the reported data onto the power supply signal to obtain the first signal, including: the third device uses amplitude modulation to modulate the reported data onto the power supply signal to obtain the first signal. The amplitude modulation method may include amplitude shift keying (ASK). It should be understood that other amplitude modulation methods can also be used in actual processing, and they are not listed here exhaustively.

[0184] Optionally, when the first parameter is a phase parameter, the third device modulates the reported data onto the power supply signal to obtain the first signal, including: the third device uses phase modulation to modulate the reported data onto the power supply signal to obtain the first signal. The phase modulation modulation method may include phase-shift keying (PSK). It should be understood that other phase modulation modulation methods may also be used in actual processing, and these are not exhaustive.

[0185] In some possible implementations, the first signal received by the second device from the third device may be the first signal transmitted through the channel between the third device and the second device. BS It can be expressed as: BS =h TB h UT F(f(t),r(t)); where h TB A channel between the third device and the second device.

[0186] Here, the second signal may be a signal used by the second device to process the first signal, but the second signal does not need to be sent.

[0187] Optionally, the second device may generate the second signal when the duration of the second signal can be determined.

[0188] In this case, the second device may generate the second signal in advance before receiving the first signal as long as the duration of the second signal can be determined.

[0189] In this case, the duration of the second signal can be predetermined. Specifically, the duration of the second signal can be equal to the duration of the power supply signal. The duration of the power supply signal can be preset, determined by the first device, or determined by the second device. If the duration of the power supply signal is preset, the same duration of the power supply signal is preset on both the first device and the second device. If the duration of the power supply signal is determined by the first device, the first device can send the duration of the power supply signal to the second device. The second device receives the duration of the power supply signal and uses the duration of the power supply signal as the duration of the second signal.

[0190] Optionally, after receiving the first signal, the second device may determine a plurality of time periods according to the duration of the second signal, and then generate the second signal.

[0191] In this case, the duration of the second signal may be the same as the duration of the aforementioned first signal. For example, the second device may obtain the duration of the first signal after receiving the first signal sent by the third device, and use the duration of the first signal as the duration of the second signal. Alternatively, in this case, the duration of the second signal may also be predetermined, and the duration of the second signal may be equal to the duration of the power supply signal; the method for determining the duration of the power supply signal is the same as that of the aforementioned embodiment and will not be repeated. The difference from the aforementioned embodiment is that, in this case, although the second device can determine the duration of the second signal in advance, it still generates the second signal after receiving the first signal.

[0192] In any two adjacent time periods of the aforementioned multiple time periods, the end time of the previous time period is the same as the start time of the next time period. The duration of each of the multiple time periods is preset, determined by the second device, or determined by the first device. As long as the duration of each time period used by the first device and the second device is the same, it is within the scope of protection of this embodiment. The method for determining the duration of the aforementioned multiple time periods is the same as that provided in the aforementioned embodiment, and therefore will not be repeated.

[0193] In some possible implementations, before the second device processes the first signal based on the second signal to obtain the data reported by the third device, the process may further include: the second device generating the second signal; the second signal being a time-varying second signal. Hereinafter, unless otherwise specified, the second signal and the time-varying second signal have the same meaning and are not further described.

[0194] The second signal is generated by the i-th second parameter during the i-th time period among the multiple time periods; wherein the i-th second parameter is one of multiple candidate generation parameters; and i is a positive integer. In other words, the second signal may include a second signal segment during each of the multiple time periods; specifically, the second signal segment of the second signal during the i-th time period is generated by the i-th second parameter, which is one of the multiple candidate generation parameters.

[0195] The aforementioned i-th time period can be any time period among multiple time periods. Although the second parameters used in different time periods are different, the processing of each time period is the same as that of the i-th time period, so they are not described one by one.

[0196] It should be noted that the aforementioned second signal segment can also be called a second signal sub-part, or a part of the second signal, etc. For the sake of simplicity in the following description, as long as the second signal is involved in any time period, it is called the second signal segment in that any time period.

[0197] In some embodiments, the second device determines a second parameter in each time period based on the ranking of a plurality of candidate generation parameters, and generates a second signal.

[0198] The i-th second parameter is the i-th candidate generation parameter among multiple candidate generation parameters. That is, the second device may determine the i-th second parameter by selecting the i-th candidate generation parameter from the multiple candidate generation parameters as the i-th second parameter.

[0199] It should be emphasized that in this embodiment, the first device and the second device need to share the same multiple candidate generation parameters. In one example, the first device and the second device can share a discrete set Φ, which includes multiple candidate generation parameters. The presetting or determination method of the multiple candidate generation parameters, as well as the form and composition of the multiple candidate generation parameters, are the same as the description of the multiple candidate generation parameters in the aforementioned embodiment related to the first device, and therefore will not be repeated.

[0200] Exemplarily, the second device may be, when changing the second parameter of the second signal for the i-th time, selecting a candidate generation parameter at the i-th sorting position from the discrete set Φ as the i-th second parameter, and then generating a second signal segment within the i-th time period based on the i-th second parameter; and so on, until the second signal segment within each time period in all time periods is obtained, and finally the second signal f2(t) is obtained.

[0201] In some embodiments, the second device determines a second parameter in each time period from a plurality of candidate generation parameters based on each of a plurality of selection indication values, and generates an energy supply signal.

[0202] The i-th second parameter is determined from the plurality of candidate generation parameters based on the i-th selection indicator value among the plurality of selection indicator values; the i-th selection indicator value is a positive integer less than or equal to the number of the plurality of candidate generation parameters. The i-th selection indicator value is used to indicate a target ranking position; the i-th second parameter is the candidate generation parameter located at the target ranking position among the plurality of candidate generation parameters.

[0203] In this embodiment, the first device and the second device need to share the same multiple candidate generation parameters and the same multiple selection indicator values. The preset method or determination method of the multiple selection indicator values, the composition form and specific content of the multiple selection indicator values, the preset method or determination method of the multiple candidate generation parameters, and the form and composition of the multiple candidate generation parameters are the same as those in the previous embodiment and will not be repeated.

[0204] Exemplarily, the second device may be, when the second parameter of the second signal is changed for the i-th time, to select the selection indicator value at the i-th position from the indicator value sequence k as the i-th selection indicator value; according to the target sorting position indicated by the i-th selection indicator value, to select a candidate generation parameter at the target sorting position from the discrete set Φ as the i-th second parameter; based on the i-th second parameter, to generate a second signal segment within the i-th time period; and so on, until the second signal segment within each time period in all time periods is obtained, and finally the second signal f2(t) is obtained.

[0205] It should be understood that although the parameter selected for each time period is called the second parameter in the second device, it should be pointed out that the strategy or method for the first device to select the first parameter for each time period and the strategy or method for the second device to select the second parameter for each time period should be the same; for example, if the power supply signal of the first device is generated by the i-th first parameter in the i-th time period among the multiple time periods, and the i-th second parameter is the i-th candidate generation parameter among multiple candidate generation parameters; then the second signal of the second device is generated by the i-th second parameter in the i-th time period among the multiple time periods, and the i-th second parameter is the i-th candidate generation parameter among multiple candidate generation parameters. For another example, if the power supply signal of the first device is generated by the i-th first parameter in the i-th time period of the multiple time periods, and the i-th first parameter is determined from the multiple candidate generation parameters based on the i-th selection indicator value among the multiple selection indicator values; then the second signal of the second device is generated by the i-th second parameter in the i-th time period of the multiple time periods, and the i-th second parameter is determined from the multiple candidate generation parameters based on the i-th selection indicator value among the multiple selection indicator values. In this way, it can be ensured that the first parameter used by the first device in each time period of the power supply signal is the same as the second parameter used by the first device in each time period of the second signal, thereby ensuring that the second device can correctly eliminate the influence of the power supply signal in the first signal and correctly obtain the data reported by the third device.

[0206] The second device can generate a second signal based on the processing of the aforementioned embodiment, and the second signal generated on the second device side is a time-varying second signal. In some possible examples, the second signal may include the second parameter corresponding to each of the aforementioned multiple time periods, that is, the second parameters corresponding to the multiple time periods can be extracted to form the second signal; in some other possible examples, the second signal can be obtained after adjustment based on the second parameter corresponding to each time period in the aforementioned multiple time periods, that is, only the second parameters corresponding to the multiple time periods can be extracted and modulated to form the second signal. In this example, the second signal can be completely equal to the aforementioned power supply signal. However, regardless of whether it is modulated, the second device does not need to send the second signal.

[0207] In some possible implementations, the second device processes the first signal based on the second signal to obtain the data reported by the third device, including: the second device obtains a channel estimation value based on the sampling value of the first signal within a first time length, shared information, and a second parameter of the second signal within the first time length; wherein the first time length is the duration of the shared information in the first signal; the second device processes the first signal based on the channel estimation value and the second signal to obtain the data reported by the third device.

[0208] The shared information can be configured according to actual needs; the length of the shared information can also be configured according to actual needs. For example, the shared information can be a sequence with a length of L (L is an integer greater than or equal to 2). The values ​​at each position of the shared information can be 1 or 0; or, the values ​​at each position of the shared information can be determined based on a preset rule. For example, if L is equal to 4, the shared information can be 1010 or 0101. The specific composition and length of the shared information are not exhaustively listed here. It should be noted that the same value of the shared information and the length of the shared information can be pre-configured or pre-set on the third device and the second device side.

[0209] Since the second device can pre-set the shared information and the second device can pre-acquire the information modulation rate of the third device, the second device can determine the aforementioned first duration based on the length of the shared information and the information modulation rate, and the first duration is the duration of the shared information.

[0210] The second device obtains a channel estimation value based on the sampling value of the first signal in the first time period, the shared information, and the second parameter of the second signal in the first time period. This may mean that: the second device converts the received first signal into a baseband signal through I / Q channels to obtain the sampling value of each sampling point of the baseband signal in the first time period; performs calculation based on the shared information and the second parameter of the second signal in the first time period to obtain a first result; and performs calculation based on the sampling value of each sampling point of the baseband signal in the first time period and the first result to obtain a channel estimation value. Wherein, I / Q refers to the in-phase signal and orthogonal signal of the signal, which are the cosine and sinine components of the signal; and the sampling value is specifically the sampling value of the shared information.

[0211] The second parameter of the second signal within the first time length may refer to: the second parameter corresponding to each sampling point of the second signal within the first time length. That is, the number of second parameters within the first time length should be the same as the number of sampling points, for example, both are L. In one example, the duration of each time period may be different from the sampling interval. For example, the number of sampling points corresponding to the first time length is L, and the duration of a time period may include 2 sampling points, then the first time length may include L / 2 time periods; accordingly, the second parameter corresponding to the first sampling point and the second sampling point may be the same. In one example, the duration of each time period may be the same as the sampling interval, then the first time length includes L time periods, and accordingly, the second parameter corresponding to each sampling point is the same as the second parameter used for the time period.

[0212] The aforementioned calculation based on the shared information and the second parameter of the second signal in the first time length to obtain the first result; the specific processing of calculating based on the sampling value of each sampling point of the baseband signal in the first time length and the first result to obtain the channel estimation value may be related to the type of the actual candidate generation parameter (i.e., the second parameter); for example, if the second parameter is an amplitude parameter, it may specifically include: multiplying the shared information and the second parameter of the second signal in the first time length to obtain the first result; dividing the sampling value of each sampling point of the baseband signal in the first time length by the first result to obtain the channel estimation value. For another example, if the second parameter is a phase parameter, it may specifically include: adding the shared information and the second parameter of the second signal in the first time length to obtain the first result; calculating the first result to obtain the second result; dividing the sampling value of each sampling point of the baseband signal in the first time length by the second result to obtain the channel estimation value. Wherein, the calculation of the first result to obtain the second result may be to express the first result as "x" and use e j*x A calculation is performed to obtain a second result.

[0213] The second device processes the first signal based on the channel estimation value and the second signal to obtain the data reported by the third device. Specifically, it can refer to: the second device processes the first signal within the second time period based on the channel estimation value and the second parameter of the second signal within the second time period to obtain the data reported by the third device. The second time period refers to the remaining time period of the first signal except for the aforementioned first time period; the processing of the first signal within the second time period refers to processing the value of each sampling point of the baseband signal within the second time period. The conversion relationship between the baseband signal and the first signal has been explained in the aforementioned embodiment and will not be repeated here.

[0214] Specifically, the second device processes the first signal within the second time period based on the channel estimation value and the second parameter of the second signal within the second time period to obtain the data reported by the third device, which may be related to the type of the actual candidate generation parameter (i.e., the second parameter). For example, if the second parameter is an amplitude parameter, the processing may specifically include: dividing the sampling value of each sampling point of the baseband signal within the second time period by the channel estimation value to obtain a third result; dividing the third result by the second parameter of the second signal within the second time period to obtain an information codeword, i.e., the data reported by the third device. For another example, if the second parameter is a phase parameter, the processing may specifically include: dividing the sampling value of each sampling point of the baseband signal within the second time period by the channel estimation value to obtain a third result; and obtaining the information codeword, i.e., the data reported by the third device, based on the third result and the second parameter of the second signal within the second time period.

[0215] For the specific implementation of the communication method performed by the aforementioned first device, second device, and third device, an exemplary description is given with reference to FIG7 , where the first device is a UE, the second device is a base station, the third device is a tag, and the energy supply signal is specifically described as a time-varying energy supply signal.

[0216] Step 701: The base station and the UE preset a shared discrete set, where the discrete set includes multiple candidate generation parameters.

[0217] Exemplarily, the discrete set is represented by Φ, specifically including {φ1, φ2, ...φ N}, i.e., N candidate generation parameters, where N is an integer greater than or equal to 2. Any candidate generation parameter may represent a certain type of parameter (e.g., an amplitude parameter or a phase parameter, etc.); and it should be understood that each candidate generation parameter should be of the same type, such as all being amplitude parameters or all being phase parameters.

[0218] Step 702: The UE determines a first parameter in each time period based on the ranking of multiple candidate generation parameters, and generates a time-varying power supply signal based on the first parameter in each time period.

[0219] For example, in multiple time periods within the time domain range of the power supply signal, the UE uses the first parameter corresponding to each time period to generate the power supply signal segment of each time period. The duration of each time period is equal to 1 / f tag , f tag is the information modulation rate of the tag, which is the UE's modulation rate every 1 / f tag Specifically: when the UE changes the first parameter of the power supply signal for the i-th time (i.e., when generating the power supply signal segment of the i-th time period), the candidate generation parameter with the sorting position at the i-th position is selected from the discrete set Φ as the i-th first parameter, and then the power supply signal segment in the i-th time period is generated based on the i-th first parameter; and so on, until the power supply signal segment in each time period of all time periods is obtained, and finally the time-varying power supply signal f1(t) is generated.

[0220] Step 703: The UE sends a time-varying power supply signal to the tag.

[0221] Correspondingly, the tag receives the time-varying power supply signal sent by the UE. Here, the time-varying power supply signal received on the tag side is Among them, h UT is the channel from UE to tag, That is, the time-varying energy supply signal received by the tag.

[0222] Step 704: The tag modulates the reported data onto the time-varying energy supply signal to obtain a first signal, and reflects the first signal to the base station.

[0223] Here, the reported data may specifically be an information codeword in the codeword to be transmitted; the codeword to be transmitted may be represented as r(t), and the codeword to be transmitted may be composed of shared information and information codewords. The codeword to be transmitted has been described in detail in the aforementioned embodiment and will not be repeated here.

[0224] Specifically, the tag modulates the code element to be transmitted onto the energy supply signal under the specified modulation mode to obtain the first signal and send it to the base station; wherein, the first signal can be expressed as Here, F(f1(t), r(t)) represents the modulated signal after r(t) is modulated to f1(t).

[0225] Step 705: The base station receives the first signal.

[0226] Here, the first signal received by the base station is the first signal after being transmitted through the channel between the base station and the tag. Therefore, the first signal received at the base station side can be expressed as Y BS =h TB h UT F(f(t),r(t)); where h TB Indicates the channel from the tag to the base station.

[0227] Step 706: The base station determines a second parameter in each time period based on the ranking of the multiple candidate generation parameters, and generates a time-varying second signal based on the second parameter in each time period.

[0228] Specifically, the base station may generate the second signal based on multiple candidate generation parameters in the discrete set Φ. For example, when the base station changes the second parameter of the second signal for the i-th time (i.e., when the base station generates the second signal segment for the i-th time period), the base station selects the candidate generation parameter at the i-th sort position from the discrete set Φ as the i-th second parameter; and so on, until the second parameters for each time period in all time periods are obtained, ultimately generating the time-varying second signal f2(t). Exemplarily, the base station may directly compose the second signal from the second parameters of each time period.

[0229] Step 707: The base station obtains a channel estimation value based on the sampling value of the first signal in the first time period, the shared information, and the second parameter of the time-varying second signal in the first time period.

[0230] Exemplarily, the channel estimation value h is estimated based on the shared information in the tag signal r(t), the sampled value of the shared information of the first signal in the first time length, and the second signal f2(t) corresponding to the shared information. TB h UT .

[0231] Step 708: The base station processes the first signal based on the channel estimation value and the time-varying second signal to obtain data reported by the tag.

[0232] First, the first signal (i.e., Y BS =h TB h UT The channel influence in F(f1(t), r(t))) is eliminated to obtain F(f1(t), r(t)); then, based on the time-varying second signal f2(t), the influence of the time-varying power supply signal f1(t) is eliminated from F(f1(t), r(t)), and the data reported by the tag in r(t), i.e., the information codeword, is obtained. It should be pointed out here that although the time-varying power supply signal is represented as f1(t) and the time-varying second signal is represented as f2(t), this is mainly because the time-varying power supply signal and the time-varying second signal are generated by different devices, and the time-varying power supply signal is modulated and transmitted after being generated based on the first parameter, while the time-varying second signal can be composed only of the second parameter and can be modulated or not. Therefore, different representations are used in this example to represent the time-varying power supply signal and the time-varying second signal.

[0233] For the specific implementation of the communication method performed by the aforementioned first device, second device, and third device, another exemplary description is given in conjunction with FIG8 , taking the first device as a UE, the second device as a base station, the third device as a tag, and the energy supply signal as a time-varying energy supply signal as an example:

[0234] Step 801: The base station and the UE preset a shared discrete set, where the discrete set includes multiple candidate generation parameters. This step is the same as the aforementioned step 701 and will not be described again.

[0235] Step 802: The base station and the UE determine an indicator value sequence through signaling interaction, where the indicator value sequence includes multiple selected indicator values.

[0236] The aforementioned indication sequence value may be generated by the base station and then sent to the UE; or it may be generated by the UE and then sent to the base station; the signaling carrying the indication sequence value has been described in detail in the aforementioned embodiment and will not be repeated here.

[0237] The indicator value sequence can be expressed as k, k = [k1, k2, ... k Q ]. Wherein Q is an integer greater than or equal to 2, and Q represents the number of selected indicator values, that is, the multiple selected indicator values ​​are specifically Q selected indicator values.

[0238] Step 803: The UE determines a first parameter in each time period from a plurality of candidate generation parameters based on each selection indicator value in the plurality of selection indicator values, and generates a time-varying power supply signal based on the first parameter in each time period.

[0239] For example, in multiple time periods within the time domain range of the power supply signal, the UE uses the first parameter corresponding to each time period to generate the power supply signal segment of each time period. The duration of each time period is equal to 1 / f tag , f tag is the information modulation rate of the tag, which is the UE's modulation rate every 1 / f tag Specifically: when the UE changes the first parameter of the power supply signal for the i-th time (i.e., when generating the power supply signal segment of the i-th time period), the selection indicator value at the i-th position is selected from the indicator value sequence k as the i-th selection indicator value; according to the target sorting position indicated by the i-th selection indicator value, the candidate generation parameter with the sorting position at the target sorting position is selected from the discrete set Φ as the i-th first parameter, and then based on the i-th first parameter, the power supply signal segment in the i-th time period is generated; and so on, until the power supply signal segment in each time period of all time periods is obtained, and finally the power supply signal f1(t) is obtained.

[0240] Step 804: The UE sends a time-varying power supply signal to the tag.

[0241] Step 805: The tag modulates the reported data onto the time-varying energy supply signal to obtain a first signal, and reflects the first signal to the base station.

[0242] Step 806: The base station receives the first signal.

[0243] The detailed description of the aforementioned steps 804 to 806 is the same as that of steps 703 to 705 in the aforementioned example and will not be repeated.

[0244] Step 807: The base station determines a second parameter in each time period from a plurality of candidate generation parameters based on each selection indicator value in the plurality of selection indicator values, and generates a time-varying second signal based on the second parameter in each time period.

[0245] For example, when the base station changes the second parameter of the second signal for the i-th time (i.e., when the base station generates the second signal segment of the i-th time period), the base station selects the selection indicator value at the i-th position from the indicator value sequence k as the i-th selection indicator value; based on the target sorting position indicated by the i-th selection indicator value, the base station selects the candidate generation parameter at the target sorting position from the discrete set Φ as the i-th second parameter; and so on, until the second parameter in each time period of all time periods is obtained, and finally generates the time-varying second signal f2(t). Exemplarily, the base station can directly form the second signal from the second parameter of each time period.

[0246] Step 808: The base station obtains a channel estimation value based on the sampling value of the first signal in the first time period, the shared information, and the second parameter of the time-varying second signal in the first time period.

[0247] Step 809: The base station processes the first signal based on the channel estimation value and the time-varying second signal to obtain data reported by the tag.

[0248] The processing of steps 808 to 809 is the same as the detailed description of steps 707 to 708 above, and will not be repeated here.

[0249] For the specific implementation of the communication method performed by the aforementioned first device, second device, and third device, based on the example provided in FIG8 , in combination with FIG9 , an exemplary description is given by taking the first device as a UE, the second device as a base station, the third device as a tag, the energy supply signal as a time-varying energy supply signal, the discrete set as an amplitude discrete set, and the candidate generation parameter as a candidate amplitude parameter as an example:

[0250] Step 901: The base station and the UE preset a shared discrete amplitude set, where the discrete amplitude set includes multiple candidate amplitude parameters.

[0251] Exemplarily, the amplitude discrete set is represented as Φ1, specifically including {φ 11 ,φ 12 ,…φ 1N}, i.e., N candidate amplitude parameters, where N is an integer greater than or equal to 2. In this example, the amplitude of the power supply signal is selected as the time-varying factor, i.e., in step 901, the base station and the UE preset a set of shared discrete amplitude sets, where the elements are different candidate amplitude parameters.

[0252] Step 902: The base station and the UE determine an indicator value sequence through signaling interaction, where the indicator value sequence includes multiple selected indicator values. This step is the same as the detailed description of the aforementioned step 802 and will not be repeated.

[0253] Step 903: The UE determines a first amplitude parameter in each time period from a plurality of candidate amplitude parameters based on each selection indicator value in the plurality of selection indicator values, and generates a time-varying power supply signal based on the first amplitude parameter in each time period.

[0254] For example, when the UE changes the first amplitude parameter of the power supply signal for the i-th time (i.e., when generating the power supply signal segment for the i-th time period), the selection indicator value at the i-th position is selected from the indicator value sequence k as the i-th selection indicator value; according to the target sorting position indicated by the i-th selection indicator value, the candidate amplitude parameter at the target sorting position is selected from the amplitude discrete set Φ1 as the i-th first amplitude parameter; based on the i-th first amplitude parameter, the power supply signal segment for the i-th time period is generated; and so on, until the power supply signal segment for each time period in all time periods is obtained, and finally the power supply signal f1(t) = A(t)cos(ωt) is obtained, where A(t) includes the amplitude parameters for each time period in multiple time periods.

[0255] Step 904: The UE sends a time-varying power supply signal to the tag.

[0256] The energy supply signal received by the tag is expressed as: Among them, h UT The channel from UE to tag.

[0257] Step 905: The tag uses ASK modulation to modulate the reported data onto the time-varying energy supply signal to obtain a first signal, and reflects the first signal to the base station.

[0258] Here, the first signal can be expressed as: r(t) is the code element to be transmitted. The detailed description of the code element to be transmitted is the same as that in the above embodiment and is not repeated here.

[0259] Step 906: The base station receives the first signal.

[0260] The first signal received by the base station is the first signal transmitted through the channel between the tag and the base station. BS It can be expressed as: BS =h TB h UT A(t)r(t)cos(ωt)=abs(h TB h UT )A(t)r(t)cos(ωt+angle(h TB h UT )); where abs(h TB h UT ) represents channel h TB h UT The amplitude of angle(h TB h UT ) represents channel h TB h UT Phase; h TB Indicates the channel between the tag and the base station.

[0261] Step 907: The base station determines a second amplitude parameter in each time period from a plurality of candidate amplitude parameters based on each selection indicator value in the plurality of selection indicator values, and generates a time-varying second signal based on the second amplitude parameter in each time period.

[0262] For example, when the base station changes the amplitude parameter of the second signal for the i-th time (i.e., when the base station generates the second signal segment of the i-th time period), the base station selects the selection indicator value at the i-th position from the indicator value sequence k as the i-th selection indicator value; based on the target sorting position indicated by the i-th selection indicator value, the base station selects the candidate amplitude parameter at the target sorting position from the discrete set Φ as the i-th second amplitude parameter; and so on, until the second amplitude parameter in each time period of all time periods is obtained, and finally generates the time-varying second signal f2(t)=A(t). Exemplarily, the base station can directly form the second signal from the second amplitude parameter of each time period.

[0263] Step 908: The base station obtains a channel estimation value based on the sampling value of the first signal in the first time period, the shared information, and the second amplitude parameter of the time-varying second signal in the first time period.

[0264] Specifically, the base station converts the received first signal into a baseband signal through I / Q channels to obtain a sampling value of each sampling point of the baseband signal within a first time length; multiplies the shared information and the second amplitude parameter of the second signal within the first time length to obtain a first result; and divides the sampling value of each sampling point of the baseband signal within the first time length by the first result to obtain a channel estimation value.

[0265] For example, the baseband signal can be expressed as: Since the shared information is designed to be transmitted at the beginning of the entire signal in signal design, it is assumed that the first duration is expressed as T P , the starting time of the time range of the baseband signal is represented as 0, then the first duration can be represented as 0~T P , the sampling value of each sampling point of the baseband signal in the first time length can be expressed as The second signal is in the first time length (ie, time range 0~T P ) can be expressed as Shared information is represented as The first result can be expressed as follows Calculated. The channel estimation value can be expressed as Among them, (h TB h UT )' represents the channel estimation value, preferably (h TB h UT )' is equal to hTB h UT , in the following, we use h TB h UT To represent the channel estimation value.

[0266] Step 909: The base station processes the first signal based on the channel estimation value and the time-varying second signal to obtain data reported by the tag.

[0267] Specifically, the base station divides the sampling value of each sampling point of the baseband signal within the second time length by the channel estimation value to obtain a third result; divides the third result by the second amplitude parameter of the second signal within the second time length to obtain the information code element, that is, the data reported by the tag.

[0268] For example, the duration of the first signal can be expressed as T S , the aforementioned first duration is represented by T P , then the second duration can be T S -T P , assuming that the starting time of the baseband signal time range is represented as 0, the sampling value of each sampling point of the baseband signal in the second time range can be expressed as The third result can be expressed by the following formula: Among them, A(T P :T S )r(T P :T S ) represents the third result.

[0269] The second amplitude parameter of the second signal in the second time period may be A(T P :T S ), the corresponding information code element can be expressed as formula: where r(T P :T S ) is the information code element.

[0270] Next, with reference to FIG10 , the simulation results of the example provided in FIG9 are described. In the simulation, the bit error rate (BER) of parsing tag information (i.e., the aforementioned information symbols) by the eavesdropper and the legitimate party is compared. The channel model used in the simulation is as follows: Where L is the path loss constant, which can be λ is the carrier wavelength, the carrier frequency is 900 MHZ, and the path loss index α is 2; d represents the end-to-end distance, which is 10 m in the simulation verification; G represents small-scale fading, and G satisfies the distribution Assume that the tag mapping set under ASK is r(t)∈{0.9,0.1}, where 0.9 represents the value of the 1-bit mapping and 0.1 represents the value of the 0-bit mapping. Assume that the discrete amplitude set is φ1=0.3 and φ2=7. The simulation results are shown in Figure 10. As can be seen from Figure 10, under the same SNR (signal-to-noise ratio), the BER of the tag parsing by the legitimate end (such as the base station in the embodiment shown in Figure 9) is significantly lower than the bit error rate of the eavesdropper. For example, when the SNR is 12, the BER of the tag parsing by the eavesdropper is approximately 0.7, while the BER of the tag parsing by the legitimate end is approximately 0.1. When the SNR is 20, the BER of the tag parsing by the eavesdropper is approximately 0.8, while the BER of the tag parsing by the legitimate end is close to 0.001. Figure 10 also shows that the higher the SNR, the lower the BER of the tag parsing by the legitimate end.

[0271] For the specific implementation of the communication method performed by the aforementioned first device, second device, and third device, still based on FIG8, in combination with FIG11, an exemplary description is given by taking the first device as a UE, the second device as a base station, the third device as a tag, the energy supply signal as a time-varying energy supply signal, the discrete set as a phase discrete set, and the candidate generation parameter as a candidate phase parameter as an example:

[0272] Step 1101: The base station and the UE preset a shared discrete phase set, where the discrete phase set includes multiple candidate phase parameters.

[0273] Exemplarily, the phase discrete set is represented as Φ2, specifically including {φ 21 ,φ 22 ,…φ 2N}, i.e., N candidate phase parameters, where N is an integer greater than or equal to 2. In this example, the phase of the power supply signal is selected as the time-varying factor, i.e., in step 1101, the base station and the UE preset a set of shared discrete phase sets, where the elements are different candidate phase parameters.

[0274] Step 1102: The base station and the UE determine an indicator value sequence through signaling interaction, where the indicator value sequence includes multiple selected indicator values. This step is the same as the detailed description of the aforementioned step 802 and will not be repeated.

[0275] Step 1103: The UE determines a first phase parameter in each time period from multiple candidate phase parameters based on each selected indicator value in the multiple selected indicator values, and generates a time-varying power supply signal based on the first phase parameter in each time period.

[0276] For example, when the UE changes the phase parameter of the power signal for the i-th time (i.e., when generating the power signal segment for the i-th time period), the selection indicator value at the i-th position is selected from the indicator value sequence k as the i-th selection indicator value; according to the target sorting position indicated by the i-th selection indicator value, the candidate phase parameter with the sorting position at the target sorting position is selected from the phase discrete set Φ2 as the i-th first phase parameter, and then based on the i-th first phase parameter, the power signal segment for the i-th time period is generated; and so on, until the power signal segment for each time period in all time periods is obtained, and finally the power signal f1(t) = cos(ωt+θ(t)) is obtained, where θ(t) includes the phase parameter for each time period in multiple time periods.

[0277] Step 1104: The UE sends a time-varying power supply signal to the tag.

[0278] The energy supply signal received by the tag is expressed as: Among them, h UT The channel from UE to tag.

[0279] Step 1105: The tag uses PSK modulation to modulate the reported data onto the time-varying energy supply signal to obtain a first signal, and reflects the first signal to the base station.

[0280] Here, the first signal can be expressed as: r(t) is a code element to be transmitted, and its detailed description is the same as that in the above embodiment.

[0281] Step 1106: The base station receives the first signal.

[0282] The first signal received by the base station is the first signal transmitted through the channel between the tag and the base station. The first signal can be expressed as: BS =h TB h UT cos(ωt+θ(t)+r(t))=abs(h TB h UT )cos(ωt+θ(t)+r(t)+angle(h TB h UT )); where abs(h TB h UT ) represents channel h TB h UT Phase angle (h TB h UT ) represents channel h TB h UT Phase; h TB Indicates the channel between the tag and the base station.

[0283] Step 1107: The base station determines a second phase parameter in each time period from multiple candidate phase parameters based on each selected indicator value in the multiple selected indicator values, and generates a time-varying second signal based on the second phase parameter in each time period.

[0284] For example, when the base station changes the phase parameter of the second signal for the i-th time (i.e., when the base station generates the second signal segment for the i-th time period), the base station selects the selection indicator value at the i-th position from the indicator value sequence k as the i-th selection indicator value; based on the target sorting position indicated by the i-th selection indicator value, the base station selects the candidate phase parameter at the target sorting position from the discrete set Φ as the i-th second phase parameter; and so on, until the second phase parameter in each time period of all time periods is obtained, and finally generates the time-varying second signal f2(t)=θ(t). Exemplarily, the base station can directly form the second signal from the phase parameters of each time period.

[0285] Step 1108: The base station obtains a channel estimation value based on the sampling value of the first signal in the first time period, the shared information, and the second phase parameter of the time-varying second signal in the first time period.

[0286] Specifically, the shared information and the second phase parameter of the second signal within the first duration are added together to obtain a first result; the first result is calculated to obtain a second result; and the sampled value of each sampling point of the baseband signal within the first duration is divided by the second result to obtain a channel estimation value. The first duration has been described in the previous embodiment and is not further described here.

[0287] For example, the baseband signal can be expressed as: Assume that the first duration is represented by T P , the starting time of the time range of the baseband signal is represented as 0, then the value of each sampling point of the baseband signal in the first time length is expressed as the sampling value The second signal is in the first time length (ie, time range 0~T P ) can be expressed as The value of shared information is expressed as The first result adopts The second result can be expressed as follows: Calculated; the channel estimation value can be expressed as Among them, (h TB h UT )' represents the channel estimation value, preferably (h TB h UT )' is equal to h TB h UT , in the following, we use h TB hUT To represent the channel estimation value.

[0288] Step 1109: The base station processes the first signal based on the channel estimation value and the time-varying second signal to obtain data reported by the tag.

[0289] Specifically, the sampling value of each sampling point of the baseband signal within the second time length is divided by the channel estimation value to obtain a third result; based on the third result and the second phase parameter of the second signal within the second time length, the information code element, i.e., the data reported by the third device, is obtained.

[0290] The duration of the first signal can be expressed as T S , the aforementioned first duration is represented by T P , then the second duration can be T S -T P , assuming that the starting time of the baseband signal time range is represented as 0, the value of each sampling point of the baseband signal in the second time range can be expressed as The second device divides the first signal within the second time period by the channel estimation value to obtain a second array, and the third result It can be expressed by the following formula: Extract θ(T P :T S )+r(T P :T S ), θ(T P :T S )+r(T P :T S ) minus the second phase parameter θ(T P :T S ), and get the information code element r(T P :T S ).

[0291] Next, in conjunction with Figure 12, the results of the simulation verification of the example provided in Figure 11 are described. In the simulation verification, the BER of the tag information parsed by the eavesdropper and the legitimate party is mainly compared. The channel model used in the simulation verification is the same as the above example, so it will not be repeated. Assume that the mapping set of tags under PSK is Among them, 0 represents the value of 1bit mapping, is the mapping value of 0 bit; assuming the phase discrete set takes φ1=0, The simulation results are shown in Figure 12. As can be seen from Figure 12, under the same SNR (signal-to-noise ratio), the BER of the legitimate end (such as the base station in the embodiment shown in Figure 11) for parsing tag information is significantly lower than that of the eavesdropper. Specifically, as can be seen in Figure 12, under different SNRs, the BER of the eavesdropper for parsing tag information basically remains at around 0.7; the BER of the legitimate end for parsing tag information decreases as the SNR increases. For example, when the SNR is 0, the BER of the legitimate end for parsing tag information is about 0.1, and when the SNR reaches 8, the BER of parsing tag information is close to 10. -5 .

[0292] In conjunction with Figure 13, taking the first device as a UE, the second device as a base station, and the third device as a tag as an example, a scenario-based example is given for this embodiment: the base station and the UE can interact in advance through air interface signaling to obtain the same multiple candidate generation parameters (or the same multiple candidate generation parameters and the same multiple selection indication values); when the UE needs to be powered and activate the tag, the UE determines the second parameter for each time period based on the aforementioned multiple candidate generation parameters, and generates a time-varying power supply signal based on the second parameter for each time period; the tag modulates the uploaded data onto the time-varying power supply signal to obtain a first signal, and reflects the first signal to the base station; the base station determines the second parameter for each time period based on the same multiple candidate generation parameters as the UE, and generates a time-varying second signal based on the second parameter for each time period; the base station parses the first signal based on the second signal to obtain the data uploaded by the tag. In the above processing process, the interaction of air interface signaling between the base station and the UE can be encrypted, so the eavesdropper cannot obtain multiple candidate generation parameters (or multiple candidate generation parameters and multiple selection indication values); the eavesdropper may be able to obtain the eavesdropping signal of the tag, that is, the eavesdropper can eavesdrop on the reflected signal of the tag, but because the reflected signal of the tag is modulated on the time-varying power supply signal, since the eavesdropper does not have multiple candidate generation parameters, the eavesdropper cannot correctly eliminate the influence of the channel in the reflected signal of the tag and the influence of different second parameters in different time periods.

[0293] It can be seen that by adopting the above scheme, the time domain range of the power supply signal sent by the first device includes multiple time periods, and the power supply signal is generated using different second parameters in different time periods. In this way, the power supply signal sent by the first device is a time-varying power supply signal. This makes it impossible for an eavesdropper to parse the data modulated onto the power supply signal by the third device because he cannot obtain the time-varying law of the power supply signal, thereby ensuring the security of the data uploaded by the third device.

[0294] In addition, the above solution does not require additional technical means or overhead. Especially for zero-power device tags, no redundant processes are added. The tag only needs to perform simple reflection modulation, and the technology supported by the existing zero-power device does not change. From the perspective of the physical layer, it is only necessary to change certain parameters of the power supply signal. There is no need for complex physical layer signal design, and secure communication can be achieved through low-complexity operations. Again, in the relevant technology, most zero-power secure communication methods are still aimed at the scenario of two-way communication interaction. This embodiment solves the security problem of uplink signals in unidirectional communication links.

[0295] FIG14 is a schematic diagram of the composition structure of a first device according to an embodiment of the present application, including:

[0296] The first communication unit 1401 is configured to send a power supply signal to a third device; wherein the time domain range of the power supply signal includes multiple time periods; and the power supply signal is generated by different first parameters in different time periods of the multiple time periods.

[0297] The energy supply signal is generated by the i-th first parameter in the i-th time period among the multiple time periods; wherein the i-th first parameter is one of multiple candidate generation parameters; wherein i is a positive integer.

[0298] The i-th first parameter is determined from the multiple candidate generation parameters based on the i-th selection indicator value among the multiple selection indicator values; wherein the i-th selection indicator value is a positive integer less than or equal to the number of the multiple candidate generation parameters.

[0299] The i-th selection indicator value is used to indicate a target sorting position; the i-th first parameter is a candidate generation parameter located at the target sorting position among the multiple candidate generation parameters.

[0300] The i-th first parameter is the i-th candidate generation parameter among multiple candidate generation parameters.

[0301] The multiple candidate generation parameters are multiple candidate amplitude parameters or multiple candidate phase parameters.

[0302] The multiple selection indication values ​​are preset, or determined by the second device, or determined by the first device.

[0303] When the multiple selection indication values ​​are determined by the second device, the first communication unit is used to receive first indication information sent by the second device before sending the power supply signal to the third device, and the first indication information carries the multiple selection indication values.

[0304] When the multiple selection indication values ​​are determined by the first device, the first communication unit is used to send second indication information to the second device before sending the power supply signal to the third device, and the second indication information carries the multiple selection indication values.

[0305] The multiple candidate generation parameters are preset, or determined by the second device, or determined by the first device.

[0306] When the multiple candidate generation parameters are determined by the second device, the first communication unit is used to receive third indication information sent by the second device before sending the power supply signal to the third device, and the third indication information carries the multiple candidate generation parameters.

[0307] When the multiple candidate generation parameters are determined by the first device, the first communication unit is configured to send fourth indication information to the second device before sending the power supply signal to the third device, where the fourth indication information carries the multiple candidate generation parameters.

[0308] Among the multiple time periods, the duration of each time period is preset, or determined by the second device, or determined by the first device.

[0309] When the duration of each time period is preset, the duration of each time period is related to the inverse of the information modulation rate of the third device.

[0310] When the duration of each time period is determined by the second device, the first communication unit is used to receive the fifth indication information sent by the second device before sending the power supply signal to the third device, and the fifth indication information is used to determine the duration of each time period.

[0311] When the duration of each time period is determined by the first device, the first communication unit is used to send sixth indication information to the second device before sending the power supply signal to the third device, and the sixth indication information is used to determine the duration of each time period.

[0312] The second device is a network device, the first device is a terminal device, and the third device is a zero-power device.

[0313] The first device of the embodiment of the present application can implement the corresponding functions of the first device in the aforementioned method embodiment. In addition, the first device may also have a first processing unit for executing the selection of the first parameter performed by the first device in the aforementioned communication method and generating processing such as the energy supply signal. The processes, functions, implementation methods and beneficial effects corresponding to the various modules (sub-modules, units or components, etc.) in the first device can be found in the corresponding descriptions in the above-mentioned method embodiments, which will not be repeated here. It should be noted that the functions described in the various modules (sub-modules, units or components, etc.) in the first device of the application embodiment can be implemented by different modules (sub-modules, units or components, etc.) or by the same module (sub-modules, units or components, etc.).

[0314] FIG15 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a second device according to an embodiment of the present application, including:

[0315] The second communication unit 1501 is configured to receive a first signal sent by a third device;

[0316] The second processing unit 1502 is used to process the first signal based on the second signal to obtain data reported by the third device; wherein the duration of the second signal includes multiple time periods; the second signal is generated by different second parameters in different time periods of the multiple time periods.

[0317] The second processing unit is used to obtain a channel estimation value based on the sampling value of the first signal within a first time length, the shared information, and the second parameter of the second signal within the first time length; wherein the first time length is the duration of the shared information in the first signal; based on the channel estimation value and the second signal, the first signal is processed to obtain the data reported by the third device.

[0318] The second signal is generated by an i-th second parameter in an i-th time period among the multiple time periods; wherein the i-th second parameter is one of multiple candidate generation parameters; and i is a positive integer.

[0319] The i-th second parameter is selected from the multiple candidate generation parameters based on the i-th selection indicator value among the multiple selection indicator values; wherein the i-th selection indicator value is a positive integer less than or equal to the number of the multiple candidate generation parameters.

[0320] The i-th selection indicator value is used to indicate a target sorting position; the i-th second parameter is a candidate generation parameter located at the target sorting position among the multiple candidate generation parameters.

[0321] The i-th second parameter is the i-th candidate generation parameter among multiple candidate generation parameters.

[0322] The multiple candidate generation parameters are multiple candidate amplitude parameters or multiple candidate phase parameters.

[0323] The multiple selection indication values ​​are preset, or determined by the first device, or determined by the second device.

[0324] When the multiple selection indication values ​​are determined by the second device, the second communication unit is configured to send first indication information to the first device before receiving the first signal sent by the third device, where the first indication information carries the multiple selection indication values.

[0325] When the multiple selection indication values ​​are determined by the first device, the second communication unit is configured to receive second indication information sent by the first device before receiving the first signal sent by the third device, where the second indication information carries the multiple selection indication values.

[0326] The multiple candidate generation parameters are preset, or determined by the second device, or determined by the first device.

[0327] When the multiple candidate generation parameters are determined by the second device, the second communication unit is configured to send third indication information to the first device before receiving the first signal sent by the third device, where the third indication information carries the multiple candidate generation parameters.

[0328] When the multiple candidate generation parameters are determined by the first device, the second communication unit is used to receive fourth indication information sent by the first device before receiving the first signal sent by the third device, and the fourth indication information carries the multiple candidate generation parameters.

[0329] Among the multiple time periods, the duration of each time period is preset, or determined by the second device, or determined by the first device.

[0330] When the duration of each time period is preset, the duration of each time period is equal to the inverse of the information modulation rate of the third device.

[0331] When the duration of each time period is determined by the second device, the second communication unit is used to send fifth indication information to the first device before receiving the first signal sent by the third device, and the fifth indication information is used to determine the duration of each time period.

[0332] When the duration of each time period is determined by the first device, the second communication unit is used to receive the sixth indication information sent by the first device before receiving the first signal sent by the third device, and the sixth indication information is used to determine the duration of each time period.

[0333] The first device is a terminal device, the second device is a network device, and the third device is a zero-power device.

[0334] The second device of the embodiment of the present application can realize the corresponding function of the second device in the aforementioned information verification method embodiment. The processes, functions, implementation methods and beneficial effects corresponding to the various modules (sub-modules, units or components, etc.) in the second device can be found in the corresponding description in the above-mentioned method embodiment, which will not be repeated here. It should be noted that the functions described in the various modules (sub-modules, units or components, etc.) in the second device of the application embodiment can be implemented by different modules (sub-modules, units or components, etc.), or by the same module (sub-modules, units or components, etc.).

[0335] FIG16 is a third device according to an embodiment of the present application, including:

[0336] The third communication unit 1601 is used to receive a power supply signal sent by the first device; wherein the time domain range of the power supply signal includes multiple time periods; the power supply signal is generated by different first parameters in different time periods of the multiple time periods; and send a first signal to the second device, wherein the first signal carries the data reported by the third device.

[0337] Based on FIG16 , as shown in FIG17 , the third device further includes:

[0338] The third processing unit 1602 is configured to modulate the reported data onto the energy supply signal to obtain the first signal.

[0339] The first parameter is an amplitude parameter or a phase parameter.

[0340] When the first parameter is an amplitude parameter, the third processing unit is configured to modulate the reported data onto the energy supply signal using an amplitude modulation method to obtain the first signal.

[0341] When the first parameter is a phase parameter, the third processing unit is configured to modulate the reported data onto the energy supply signal using a phase modulation method to obtain the first signal.

[0342] The first device is a terminal device, the second device is a network device, and the third device is a zero-power consumption terminal.

[0343] The third device of the embodiment of the present application can realize the corresponding function of the third device in the aforementioned information verification method embodiment. The processes, functions, implementation methods and beneficial effects corresponding to the various modules (sub-modules, units or components, etc.) in the third device can be found in the corresponding description in the above-mentioned method embodiment, which will not be repeated here. It should be noted that the functions described by the various modules (sub-modules, units or components, etc.) in the third device of the application embodiment can be implemented by different modules (sub-modules, units or components, etc.), or by the same module (sub-modules, units or components, etc.).

[0344] Figure 18 is a schematic structural diagram of a communication device 1800 according to an embodiment of the present application. The communication device 1800 includes a processor 1810, which can call and run a computer program from a memory to enable the communication device 1800 to implement the method in the embodiment of the present application.

[0345] In a possible implementation, the communication device 1800 may further include a memory 1820. The processor 1810 may call and execute a computer program from the memory 1820 to enable the communication device 1800 to implement the method in the embodiment of the present application.

[0346] The memory 1820 may be a separate device independent of the processor 1810 , or may be integrated into the processor 1810 .

[0347] In one possible implementation, the communication device 1800 may further include a transceiver 1830 , and the processor 1810 may control the transceiver 1830 to communicate with other devices. Specifically, it may send information or data to other devices, or receive information or data sent by other devices.

[0348] The transceiver 1830 may include a transmitter and a receiver. The transceiver 1830 may further include an antenna, and the number of antennas may be one or more.

[0349] In one possible implementation, the communication device 1800 may be the first device of the embodiment of the present application, and the communication device 1800 may implement the corresponding processes implemented by the first device in the various methods of the embodiment of the present application. For the sake of brevity, they will not be described in detail here. In one possible implementation, the communication device 1800 may be the second device of the embodiment of the present application, and the communication device 1800 may implement the corresponding processes implemented by the second device in the various methods of the embodiment of the present application. For the sake of brevity, they will not be described in detail here. In one possible implementation, the communication device 1800 may be the third device of the embodiment of the present application, and the communication device 1800 may implement the corresponding processes implemented by the third device in the various methods of the embodiment of the present application. For the sake of brevity, they will not be described in detail here.

[0350] 19 is a schematic structural diagram of a chip 1900 according to an embodiment of the present application. The chip 1900 includes a processor 1910, which can call and execute a computer program from a memory to implement the method according to the embodiment of the present application.

[0351] In one possible implementation, the chip 1900 may further include a memory 1920. The processor 1910 may call and execute a computer program from the memory 1920 to implement the method performed by the access network device or the first core network device in the embodiment of the present application. The memory 1920 may be a separate device independent of the processor 1910 or integrated into the processor 1910.

[0352] In one possible implementation, the chip 1900 may further include an input interface 1930. The processor 1910 may control the input interface 1930 to communicate with other devices or chips, specifically, to obtain information or data sent by other devices or chips. In one possible implementation, the chip 1900 may further include an output interface 1940. The processor 1910 may control the output interface 1940 to communicate with other devices or chips, specifically, to output information or data to other devices or chips.

[0353] In one possible implementation, the chip can be applied to the third device in the embodiment of the present application, and the chip can implement the corresponding processes implemented by the third device in the various methods of the embodiment of the present application. For the sake of brevity, it will not be repeated here. In one possible implementation, the chip can be applied to the first device in the embodiment of the present application, and the chip can implement the corresponding processes implemented by the first device in the various methods of the embodiment of the present application. For the sake of brevity, it will not be repeated here. In one possible implementation, the chip can be applied to the second device in the embodiment of the present application, and the chip can implement the corresponding processes implemented by the second device in the various methods of the embodiment of the present application. For the sake of brevity, it will not be repeated here. The chips applied to the third device, the first device, and the second device can be the same chip or different chips.

[0354] It should be understood that the chip mentioned in the embodiments of the present application can also be called a system-level chip, a system chip, a chip system or a system-on-chip chip, etc.

[0355] The processor mentioned above may be a general-purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), a field programmable gate array (FPGA), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or other programmable logic devices, transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, etc. The general-purpose processor mentioned above may be a microprocessor or any conventional processor, etc.

[0356] The memory mentioned above may be a volatile memory or a non-volatile memory, or may include both volatile and non-volatile memories. The non-volatile memory may be a read-only memory (ROM), a programmable read-only memory (PROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), or a flash memory. The volatile memory may be a random access memory (RAM).

[0357] It should be understood that the above-mentioned memories are exemplary but not restrictive. For example, the memories in the embodiments of the present application may also be static random access memory (SRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), synchronous dynamic random access memory (SDRAM), double data rate synchronous dynamic random access memory (DDR SDRAM), enhanced synchronous dynamic random access memory (ESDRAM), synchronous link dynamic random access memory (SLDRAM), and direct RAM RAM (DR RAM), etc. In other words, the memories in the embodiments of the present application are intended to include, but are not limited to, these and any other suitable types of memories.

[0358] Figure 20 is a schematic block diagram of a communication system 2000 according to an embodiment of the present application. The communication system 2000 includes a third device 2010, a first device 2020, and a second device 2030. The third device 2010 can be used to implement the corresponding functions implemented by the third device in the above-described method, the first device 2020 can be used to implement the corresponding functions implemented by the first device in the above-described method, and the second device 2030 can be used to implement the corresponding functions implemented by the second device in the above-described method. For the sake of brevity, these details are not repeated here.

[0359] In the above embodiments, it can be implemented in whole or in part by software, hardware, firmware or any combination thereof. When software is used for implementation, it can be implemented in whole or in part in the form of a computer program product. The computer program product includes one or more computer instructions. When the computer program instructions are loaded and executed on a computer, the process or function in accordance with the embodiment of the present application is generated in whole or in part. The computer can be a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, a computer network, or other programmable devices. The computer instructions can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, or transmitted from one computer-readable storage medium to another computer-readable storage medium. For example, the computer instructions can be transmitted from a website, computer, server or data center by wired (such as coaxial cable, optical fiber, digital subscriber line (DSL)) or wireless (such as infrared, wireless, microwave, etc.) mode to another website, computer, server or data center. The computer-readable storage medium can be any available medium that a computer can access or a data storage device such as a server or data center that includes one or more available media integrations. The available medium may be a magnetic medium (eg, a floppy disk, a hard disk, a magnetic tape), an optical medium (eg, a DVD), or a semiconductor medium (eg, a solid state disk (SSD)).

[0360] It should be understood that in the various embodiments of the present application, the size of the serial numbers of the above-mentioned processes does not mean the order of execution. The execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiments of the present application.

[0361] Those skilled in the art will clearly understand that, for the convenience and brevity of description, the specific working processes of the systems, devices and units described above can refer to the corresponding processes in the aforementioned method embodiments and will not be repeated here.

[0362] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present application, but the scope of protection of the present application is not limited thereto. Any modifications or substitutions that can be easily conceived by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present application should be included within the scope of protection of the present application. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present application should be based on the scope of protection of the claims.

Claims

1. A communication method, comprising: The first device sends a power supply signal to the third device; wherein the time domain range of the power supply signal includes multiple time periods; and the power supply signal is generated by different first parameters in different time periods of the multiple time periods.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein: The energy supply signal is generated by the i-th first parameter in the i-th time period among the multiple time periods; wherein the i-th first parameter is one of multiple candidate generation parameters; wherein i is a positive integer.

3. The method according to claim 2, wherein: The i-th first parameter is determined from the plurality of candidate generation parameters based on the i-th selection indicator value among the plurality of selection indicator values; The i-th selection indication value is a positive integer less than or equal to the number of the multiple candidate generation parameters.

4. The method according to claim 3, wherein: The i-th selection indication value is used to indicate the target sorting position; The i-th first parameter is a candidate generation parameter located at the target sorting position among the multiple candidate generation parameters.

5. The method according to claim 2, wherein: The i-th first parameter is the i-th candidate generation parameter among multiple candidate generation parameters.

6. The method according to any one of claims 2 to 5, wherein: The multiple candidate generation parameters are multiple candidate amplitude parameters or multiple candidate phase parameters.

7. The method according to claim 3 or 4, wherein: The multiple selection indication values ​​are preset, or determined by the second device, or determined by the first device.

8. The method according to claim 7, wherein: When the multiple selection indication values ​​are determined by the second device, before the first device sends the energy supply signal to the third device, the method further includes: The first device receives first indication information sent by the second device, where the first indication information carries the multiple selection indication values.

9. The method according to claim 7, wherein: When the multiple selection indication values ​​are determined by the first device, before the first device sends the energy supply signal to the third device, the method further includes: The first device sends second indication information to the second device, where the second indication information carries the multiple selection indication values.

10. The method according to any one of claims 2 to 6, wherein: The multiple candidate generation parameters are preset, or determined by the second device, or determined by the first device.

11. The method according to claim 10, wherein: When the plurality of candidate generation parameters are determined by the second device, before the first device sends the energy supply signal to the third device, the method further includes: The first device receives third indication information sent by the second device, where the third indication information carries the multiple candidate generation parameters.

12. The method according to claim 10, wherein: When the plurality of candidate generation parameters are determined by the first device, before the first device sends the energy supply signal to the third device, the method further includes: The first device sends fourth indication information to the second device, where the fourth indication information carries the multiple candidate generation parameters.

13. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein: Among the multiple time periods, the duration of each time period is preset, or determined by the second device, or determined by the first device.

14. The method according to claim 13, wherein: When the duration of each time period is preset, the duration of each time period is related to the inverse of the information modulation rate of the third device.

15. The method according to claim 13, wherein: When the duration of each time period is determined by the second device, before the first device sends the energy supply signal to the third device, the method further includes: The first device receives fifth indication information sent by the second device, where the fifth indication information is used to determine a duration of each time period.

16. The method according to claim 13, wherein: When the duration of each time period is determined by the first device, before the first device sends the energy supply signal to the third device, the method further includes: The first device sends sixth indication information to the second device, where the sixth indication information is used to determine a duration of each time period.

17. The method according to any one of claims 7 to 16, wherein: The second device is a network device.

18. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 17, wherein: The first device is a terminal device; the third device is a zero-power consumption device.

19. A communication method, comprising: The second device receives a first signal sent by the third device; The second device processes the first signal based on the second signal to obtain the data reported by the third device; wherein the duration of the second signal includes multiple time periods; and the second signal is generated by different second parameters in different time periods of the multiple time periods.

20. The method according to claim 19, wherein: The second device processes the first signal based on the second signal to obtain data reported by the third device, including: The second device obtains a channel estimation value based on a sampling value of the first signal within a first duration, shared information, and a second parameter of the second signal within the first duration; wherein the first duration is a duration of the shared information in the first signal; The second device processes the first signal based on the channel estimation value and the second signal to obtain the data reported by the third device.

21. The method according to claim 20, wherein: The second signal is generated by the i-th second parameter in the i-th time period among the multiple time periods; wherein the i-th second parameter is one of multiple candidate generation parameters; and i is a positive integer.

22. The method according to claim 21, wherein: The i-th second parameter is selected from the multiple candidate generation parameters based on the i-th selection indicator value among the multiple selection indicator values; The i-th selection indication value is a positive integer less than or equal to the number of the multiple candidate generation parameters.

23. The method according to claim 22, wherein: The i-th selection indication value is used to indicate the target sorting position; The i-th second parameter is a candidate generation parameter located at the target sorting position among the multiple candidate generation parameters.

24. The method according to claim 21, wherein: The i-th second parameter is the i-th candidate generation parameter among multiple candidate generation parameters.

25. The method according to any one of claims 21 to 24, wherein: The multiple candidate generation parameters are multiple candidate amplitude parameters or multiple candidate phase parameters.

26. The method according to claim 22 or 23, wherein: The multiple selection indication values ​​are preset, or determined by the first device, or determined by the second device.

27. The method according to claim 26, wherein: When the multiple selection indication values ​​are determined by the second device, before the second device receives the first signal sent by the third device, the method further includes: The second device sends first indication information to the first device, where the first indication information carries the multiple selection indication values.

28. The method according to claim 26, wherein: When the multiple selection indication values ​​are determined by the first device, before the second device receives the first signal sent by the third device, the method further includes: The second device receives second indication information sent by the first device, where the second indication information carries the multiple selection indication values.

29. The method according to any one of claims 21 to 25, wherein: The multiple candidate generation parameters are preset, or determined by the second device, or determined by the first device.

30. The method of claim 29, wherein: When the plurality of candidate generation parameters are determined by the second device, before the second device receives the first signal sent by the third device, the method further includes: The second device sends third indication information to the first device, where the third indication information carries the multiple candidate generation parameters.

31. The method of claim 29, wherein: When the plurality of candidate generation parameters are determined by the first device, before the second device receives the first signal sent by the third device, the method further includes: The second device receives fourth indication information sent by the first device, where the fourth indication information carries the multiple candidate generation parameters.

32. The method according to any one of claims 19 to 31, wherein: Among the multiple time periods, the duration of each time period is preset, or determined by the second device, or determined by the first device.

33. The method of claim 32, wherein: When the duration of each time period is preset, the duration of each time period is equal to the inverse of the information modulation rate of the third device.

34. The method of claim 32, wherein: When the duration of each time period is determined by the second device, before the second device receives the first signal sent by the third device, the method further includes: The second device sends fifth indication information to the first device, where the fifth indication information is used to determine a duration of each time period.

35. The method of claim 32, wherein: When the duration of each time period is determined by the first device, before the second device receives the first signal sent by the third device, the method further includes: The second device receives sixth indication information sent by the first device, where the sixth indication information is used to determine a duration of each time period.

36. The method according to any one of claims 26 to 35, wherein: The first device is a terminal device.

37. The method according to any one of claims 19 to 35, wherein: The second device is a network device; and the third device is a zero-power consumption device.

38. A communication method, comprising: The third device receives the energy supply signal sent by the first device; wherein the time domain range of the energy supply signal includes multiple time periods; and the energy supply signal is generated by different first parameters in different time periods of the multiple time periods; The third device sends a first signal to the second device, where the first signal carries data reported by the third device.

39. The method of claim 38, wherein: Before the third device sends the first signal to the second device, the method further includes: The third device modulates the reported data onto the energy supply signal to obtain the first signal.

40. The method of claim 39, wherein: The first parameter is an amplitude parameter or a phase parameter.

41. The method of claim 40, wherein: When the first parameter is an amplitude parameter, the third device modulates the reported data onto the energy supply signal to obtain the first signal, including: The third device adopts amplitude modulation to modulate the reported data onto the energy supply signal to obtain the first signal.

42. The method of claim 40, wherein: When the first parameter is a phase parameter, the third device modulates the reported data onto the energy supply signal to obtain the first signal, including: The third device adopts a phase modulation method to modulate the reported data onto the energy supply signal to obtain the first signal.

43. The method according to any one of claims 38 to 42, wherein: The first device is a terminal device, the second device is a network device, and the third device is a zero-power consumption terminal.

44. A first device, comprising: The first communication unit is used to send a power supply signal to a third device; wherein the time domain range of the power supply signal includes multiple time periods; and the power supply signal is generated by different first parameters in different time periods of the multiple time periods.

45. The first device according to claim 44, wherein The energy supply signal is generated by the i-th first parameter in the i-th time period among the multiple time periods; wherein the i-th first parameter is one of multiple candidate generation parameters; wherein i is a positive integer.

46. ​​The first device according to claim 45, wherein The i-th first parameter is determined from the multiple candidate generation parameters based on the i-th selection indicator value among the multiple selection indicator values; wherein the i-th selection indicator value is a positive integer less than or equal to the number of the multiple candidate generation parameters.

47. The first device according to claim 46, wherein The i-th selection indication value is used to indicate a target sorting position; the i-th first parameter is a candidate generation parameter located at the target sorting position among the multiple candidate generation parameters.

48. The first device according to claim 45, wherein: The i-th first parameter is the i-th candidate generation parameter among multiple candidate generation parameters.

49. The first device according to any one of claims 45 to 48, wherein: The multiple candidate generation parameters are multiple candidate amplitude parameters or multiple candidate phase parameters.

50. The first device according to claim 46 or 47, wherein The multiple selection indication values ​​are preset, or determined by the second device, or determined by the first device.

51. The first device according to claim 50, wherein When the multiple selection indication values ​​are determined by the second device, the first communication unit is used to receive first indication information sent by the second device before sending a power supply signal to the third device, and the first indication information carries the multiple selection indication values.

52. The first device according to claim 50, wherein: When the multiple selection indication values ​​are determined by the first device, the first communication unit is used to send second indication information to the second device before sending the power supply signal to the third device, and the second indication information carries the multiple selection indication values.

53. The first device according to any one of claims 45 to 49, wherein: The multiple candidate generation parameters are preset, or determined by the second device, or determined by the first device.

54. The first device according to claim 53, wherein When the multiple candidate generation parameters are determined by the second device, the first communication unit is used to receive third indication information sent by the second device before sending a power supply signal to the third device, and the third indication information carries the multiple candidate generation parameters.

55. The first device according to claim 53, wherein When the multiple candidate generation parameters are determined by the first device, the first communication unit is used to send fourth indication information to the second device before sending the power supply signal to the third device, and the fourth indication information carries the multiple candidate generation parameters.

56. The first device according to any one of claims 44 to 55, wherein: Among the multiple time periods, the duration of each time period is preset, or determined by the second device, or determined by the first device.

57. The first device according to claim 56, wherein When the duration of each time period is preset, the duration of each time period is related to the inverse of the information modulation rate of the third device.

58. The first device according to claim 56, wherein: When the duration of each time period is determined by the second device, the first communication unit is used to receive fifth indication information sent by the second device before sending a power supply signal to the third device, and the fifth indication information is used to determine the duration of each time period.

59. The first device according to claim 56, wherein: When the duration of each time period is determined by the first device, the first communication unit is used to send sixth indication information to the second device before sending a power supply signal to the third device, and the sixth indication information is used to determine the duration of each time period.

60. The first device according to any one of claims 50 to 59, wherein: The second device is a network device.

61. The first device according to any one of claims 44 to 60, wherein: The first device is a terminal device; the third device is a zero-power consumption device.

62. A second device, comprising: A second communication unit, configured to receive a first signal sent by a third device; The second processing unit is used to process the first signal based on the second signal to obtain the data reported by the third device; wherein the duration of the second signal includes multiple time periods; and the second signal is generated by different second parameters in different time periods of the multiple time periods.

63. The second device according to claim 62, wherein: The second processing unit is used to obtain a channel estimation value based on the sampling value of the first signal within a first time length, the shared information, and the second parameter of the second signal within the first time length; wherein the first time length is the duration of the shared information in the first signal; based on the channel estimation value and the second signal, the first signal is processed to obtain the data reported by the third device.

64. The second device according to claim 63, wherein The second signal is generated by the i-th second parameter in the i-th time period among the multiple time periods; wherein the i-th second parameter is one of multiple candidate generation parameters; and i is a positive integer.

65. The second device according to claim 64, wherein The i-th second parameter is selected from the multiple candidate generation parameters based on the i-th selection indicator value among the multiple selection indicator values; wherein the i-th selection indicator value is a positive integer less than or equal to the number of the multiple candidate generation parameters.

66. The second device according to claim 65, wherein The i-th selection indication value is used to indicate a target sorting position; the i-th second parameter is a candidate generation parameter located at the target sorting position among the multiple candidate generation parameters.

67. The second device according to claim 64, wherein The i-th second parameter is the i-th candidate generation parameter among multiple candidate generation parameters.

68. The second device according to any one of claims 64 to 67, wherein: The multiple candidate generation parameters are multiple candidate amplitude parameters or multiple candidate phase parameters.

69. The second device according to claim 65 or 66, wherein The multiple selection indication values ​​are preset, or determined by the first device, or determined by the second device.

70. The second device according to claim 69, wherein When the multiple selection indication values ​​are determined by the second device, the second communication unit is used to send first indication information to the first device before receiving the first signal sent by the third device, and the first indication information carries the multiple selection indication values.

71. The second device according to claim 69, wherein When the multiple selection indication values ​​are determined by the first device, the second communication unit is used to receive second indication information sent by the first device before receiving the first signal sent by the third device, and the second indication information carries the multiple selection indication values.

72. The second device according to any one of claims 64 to 68, wherein: The multiple candidate generation parameters are preset, or determined by the second device, or determined by the first device.

73. The second device according to claim 72, wherein: When the multiple candidate generation parameters are determined by the second device, the second communication unit is used to send third indication information to the first device before receiving the first signal sent by the third device, and the third indication information carries the multiple candidate generation parameters.

74. The second device according to claim 72, wherein: When the multiple candidate generation parameters are determined by the first device, the second communication unit is used to receive fourth indication information sent by the first device before receiving the first signal sent by the third device, and the fourth indication information carries the multiple candidate generation parameters.

75. The second device according to any one of claims 62 to 74, wherein: Among the multiple time periods, the duration of each time period is preset, or determined by the second device, or determined by the first device.

76. The second device according to claim 75, wherein When the duration of each time period is preset, the duration of each time period is equal to the inverse of the information modulation rate of the third device.

77. The second device according to claim 75, wherein When the duration of each time period is determined by the second device, the second communication unit is used to send fifth indication information to the first device before receiving the first signal sent by the third device, and the fifth indication information is used to determine the duration of each time period.

78. The second device according to claim 75, wherein When the duration of each time period is determined by the first device, the second communication unit is used to receive the sixth indication information sent by the first device before receiving the first signal sent by the third device, and the sixth indication information is used to determine the duration of each time period.

79. The second device according to any one of claims 69 to 78, wherein: The first device is a terminal device.

80. The second device according to any one of claims 62 to 78, wherein: The second device is a network device; and the third device is a zero-power consumption device.

81. A third device, comprising: The third communication unit is used to receive a power supply signal sent by the first device; wherein the time domain range of the power supply signal includes multiple time periods; the power supply signal is generated by different first parameters in different time periods of the multiple time periods; and send a first signal to the second device, wherein the first signal carries the data reported by the third device.

82. The third device according to claim 81, wherein The third device further includes: The third processing unit is used to modulate the reported data onto the energy supply signal to obtain the first signal.

83. The third device according to claim 82, wherein: The first parameter is an amplitude parameter or a phase parameter.

84. The third device according to claim 83, wherein: When the first parameter is an amplitude parameter, the third processing unit is used to modulate the reported data onto the energy supply signal using an amplitude modulation method to obtain the first signal.

85. The third device according to claim 83, wherein When the first parameter is a phase parameter, the third processing unit is used to modulate the reported data onto the energy supply signal using a phase modulation method to obtain the first signal.

86. The third device according to any one of claims 81 to 85, wherein: The first device is a terminal device, the second device is a network device, and the third device is a zero-power consumption terminal.

87. A first device, comprising: A transceiver, a processor and a memory, the memory being used to store a computer program, the processor being used to call and run the computer program stored in the memory, so that the first device executes the method according to any one of claims 1 to 18.

88. A second device comprising: A transceiver, a processor and a memory, the memory being used to store a computer program, the processor being used to call and run the computer program stored in the memory so that the second device executes the method as claimed in any one of claims 19 to 37.

89. A third device, comprising: A transceiver, a processor and a memory, the memory being used to store a computer program, the processor being used to call and run the computer program stored in the memory so that the third device executes the method as claimed in any one of claims 38 to 43.

90. A chip, comprising: A processor, configured to call and run a computer program from a memory, so that a device equipped with the chip executes a method as described in any one of claims 1 to 18, or claims 19 to 37, or claims 38 to 43.

91. A computer-readable storage medium for storing a computer program, which, when executed by a device, causes the device to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 18, or claims 19 to 37, or claims 38 to 43.

92. A computer program product comprising computer program instructions for causing a computer to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 18, or claims 19 to 37, or claims 38 to 43.

93. A computer program causing a computer to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 18, or claims 19 to 37, or claims 38 to 43.

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