Soil taking and covering mechanism and method in rotary tillage and sowing all-in-one machine

Abstract

The invention discloses a soil taking and covering mechanism in a rotary tillage and sowing all-in-one machine, the soil taking and covering mechanism comprises a soil taking shaft, a soil scraping shaft and a soil bearing baffle plate which are arranged in a rack, the soil taking shaft is arranged in front of a seed furrow ditching mechanism and behind a rotary tillage mechanism, a soil taking blade is fixed on a shaft body of the soil taking shaft, and the soil bearing baffle plate is arranged above a slotting and pressing shaft. When rotating along with the soil taking shaft, the soil taking blades can backwards throw soil in front of the grooving and pressing shaft to the top of the soil bearing baffle, the soil scraping shaft is arranged above the soil bearing baffle, and a plurality of soil scraping blades are fixed to a shaft body of the soil scraping shaft. When the soil scraping blades rotate along with the soil scraping shaft, soil falling on the top of the soil bearing baffle can be backwards scraped into the seed ditches pressed by the convex rings of the grooving and pressing shaft, so that seeds sown in the various ditches are covered with the soil, and soil covering is completed. The device has the advantage that the seed ditches cannot be damaged when soil is taken and covered.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of rotary tillage and sowing, and in particular to a soil taking and covering mechanism and method in a rotary tillage and sowing integrated machine for covering seed furrows with soil after sowing. Background Art

[0002] A rotary tillage and seeding machine is an agricultural machine that integrates rotary tillage, furrowing, seeding, and compaction. Patents with patent numbers 202411707138.5, 202510114426.8, 202411605212.2, 202510355543.3, and 202510074380.1 describe the structure of existing rotary tillage and seeding machines.

[0003] The structure of the existing rotary tillage and seeding machine specifically includes: a frame, on which a rotary tillage mechanism, a seed furrow opening mechanism, a seeding mechanism, a soil covering mechanism and a pressing mechanism are arranged in sequence from front to back; wherein the rotary tillage mechanism includes: a rotary tillage shaft and a plurality of rotary tillage blades arranged on the outside of the rotary tillage shaft, and the rotary tillage shaft is driven to rotate by a power transmission mechanism; the seed furrow opening mechanism is used to form the seed furrow, and the seed furrow opening mechanism includes: a slotting and pressing shaft laterally supported between the left and right side plates of the frame, and a slotting and pressing shaft. The outer wall of the slotted pressing shaft is provided with a plurality of convex rings coaxial with the central axis of the slotted pressing shaft and protruding from the outer wall of the slotted pressing shaft in sequence along the axial direction, and the slotted pressing shaft is driven to rotate by a power transmission mechanism; the sowing mechanism is used to drop the seeds into the opened seed furrows, and the sowing mechanism includes: a plurality of seed guide tubes corresponding to the convex rings of the slotted pressing shaft, the lower end of the seed guide tube is a seeding port, and the seeding port of each seed guide tube is located in front of the soil covering mechanism and directly behind the corresponding convex ring of the slotted pressing shaft. The lower part is aligned with the seed groove pressed out when the corresponding convex ring moves forward, and the upper end of each seed guide tube is connected to the seed box. The seeds in the seed box fall from each seed opening through each seed guide tube into the various grooves pressed out by the convex ring of the slotted pressing shaft when it moves; the soil covering mechanism includes: a soil covering shaft driven to rotate by a power transmission mechanism and supported laterally in the frame, and a plurality of cutter disc groups are sequentially arranged along the circumferential direction on the shaft body of the soil covering shaft, and each cutter disc group includes two soil covering cutter discs fixedly mounted on the soil covering shaft, and a plurality of cutter disc groups are provided on each soil covering cutter disc along the circumferential direction. A number of covering blades are evenly arranged around the circumference, and each cutter disc group corresponds one to one with the convex ring of the slotted pressing shaft. The two covering cutter discs of each cutter disc group are located on both sides of the corresponding convex ring, so that when each cutter disc group rotates with the covering shaft, the soil on both sides of the corresponding seed groove pressed out by the corresponding convex ring of the slotted pressing shaft can be drawn into the corresponding seed groove through the covering blades on the two covering cutter discs of the cutter disc group; the pressing mechanism is used to press and level the soil, and the pressing mechanism includes: a pressing roller laterally supported in the frame.

[0004] When working, the rotary tillage and seeding machine is generally used in conjunction with a tractor. The tractor serves as a traveling mechanism to drive the rotary tillage and seeding machine to move forward. When the rotary tillage and seeding machine moves, the power transmission mechanism drives the rotary tillage shaft, the grooving and pressing shaft and the soil covering shaft to rotate forward at the same time; in the industry, when the rotation direction of the shaft around its own axis is consistent with the rotation direction of the tractor tire, the rotation direction of the shaft is defined as forward rotation, that is, forward rotation; when the rotation direction of the shaft around its own axis is opposite to the rotation direction of the tractor tire, the rotation direction of the shaft is defined as reverse rotation, that is, reverse rotation.

[0005] When the tractor drives the rotary tillage and sowing machine to move forward, the power transmission mechanism transmits the tractor power to the rotary tillage shaft, the slotting and pressing shaft and the soil covering shaft, so that the rotary tillage shaft, the slotting and pressing shaft and the soil covering shaft rotate forward at the same time. During the movement of the rotary tillage and sowing machine, the rotary tillage blades in the rotary tillage mechanism that rotate forward with the rotary tillage shaft rotary till the ridges; the slotting and pressing shaft of the seed furrow opening mechanism can preliminarily roll the soil after rotary tillage when rotating forward and press out a number of seed furrows on the ridges through the convex rings; after the furrow opener has dug the seed furrows into shape, the seeds in the seed box of the sowing mechanism are output from the lower seed ports through the seed guide tubes and fall into the opened seed furrows; then the soil covering blades in the soil covering mechanism that rotate forward with the soil covering shaft can draw the soil on both sides of the corresponding seed furrow into the corresponding seed furrow, so that the soil covers the seeds sown in the seed furrow; then the soil is pressed and leveled by the pressing roller of the pressing mechanism.

[0006] In the above-mentioned rotary tillage and seeding machine, the soil covering process of the seed furrow is as follows: after the seed furrow opening mechanism opens the furrow, the soil covering device uses the soil covering blade to draw the soil on both sides of the seed furrow into the seed furrow, so that the soil covers the seeds sown in the seed furrow to complete the soil covering.

[0007] This soil-taking and covering method has the following disadvantages: (1) When the covering blade rotates to take the soil on both sides of the seed furrow, the covering blade will disturb the soil on both sides of the seed furrow. Especially when working on clay soil and sandy soil, the disturbance of the soil on both sides of the seed furrow by the covering blade will cause the seed furrow to collapse before the seeds fall into it, affecting the seeding depth and thus the seeding quality; (2) When the covering blade rotates to take the soil on both sides of the seed furrow, if there are large clods in the soil and part of the clods is located in the seed furrow, the soil will not be able to move. (3) When the soil is turned over by the covering blade, the seeds that have been sown in the seed furrow may be brought out of the seed furrow, affecting the sowing quality; (4) When working on clay soil, the soil that is constantly turned over by the covering blade may splash into the seeding port, causing the seeding port to be blocked and the seeds to no longer be able to be output through the seeding port, thus affecting the sowing efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The first object of the present invention is to provide a soil taking and covering mechanism in a rotary tillage and sowing machine which will not damage the seed furrow, block the seeding port, or move the seeds already sown in the seed furrow when covering the seeds in the seed furrow with soil.

[0009] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme: the soil taking and covering mechanism in the rotary tillage and seeding machine includes a soil taking shaft, a soil scraping shaft and a soil bearing baffle arranged in the frame, the soil taking shaft can rotate around its own axis, the soil taking shaft is arranged in front of the slotting and pressing shaft in the seed furrowing mechanism and is located behind the rotary tillage shaft of the rotary tillage mechanism, a plurality of soil taking blades that rotate synchronously with the soil taking shaft are fixed on the shaft body of the soil taking shaft, the soil bearing baffle is arranged above the slotting and pressing shaft, and the soil taking blades rotate synchronously with the soil taking shaft. When the shaft rotates, the soil in front of the slotted pressing shaft that has been tilled by the rotary tillage mechanism can be thrown backward to the top of the soil-bearing baffle. The scraper shaft is arranged above the soil-bearing baffle and can rotate around its own axis. A plurality of scraper blades that rotate synchronously with the scraper shaft are fixed on the shaft body of the scraper shaft. When the scraper blades rotate with the scraper shaft, the soil that falls on the top of the soil-bearing baffle can be scraped backward to the seed grooves pressed out by the convex rings of the slotted pressing shaft, so that the soil covers the seeds that have been sown in various grooves, thereby completing the soil covering of the seeds in the seed grooves.

[0010] Furthermore, in the aforementioned soil taking and covering mechanism of the rotary tillage and seeding machine, the rotation direction of the soil taking shaft is opposite to the rotation direction of the rotary tillage shaft of the rotary tillage mechanism.

[0011] Furthermore, in the aforementioned soil taking and covering mechanism of the rotary tillage and seeding machine, the soil taking shaft is installed on the frame through a height adjustment mechanism, and the height adjustment mechanism can adjust the height of the soil taking shaft in the frame.

[0012] Furthermore, the soil taking and covering mechanism in the aforementioned rotary tillage and seeding machine, wherein: the structure of the height adjustment mechanism includes: a bearing seat, a first transmission gear box, the left shaft end of the soil taking shaft is supported on the bearing seat, the bearing seat can be installed on the left side plate of the frame for upward and downward movement relative to the frame, a left mounting plate fixed to the left side plate of the frame is provided above the bearing seat, a vertical left screw rod is fixed on the top of the bearing seat, the left screw rod passes upward through the corresponding left mounting plate above, two first locking nuts are threadedly connected to the left screw rod, and the two first locking nuts are threadedly connected to the left screw rod. The nuts are distributed on the upper and lower sides of the left mounting plate; the right side shaft end of the soil-taking shaft extends into and is supported on the first transmission gear box, and the first transmission gear box can be installed on the right side plate of the frame so as to move up and down relative to the frame. A right mounting plate fixed to the right side plate of the frame is provided above the first transmission gear box, and a vertical right screw rod is fixed on the top of the first transmission gear box. The right screw rod passes upward through the corresponding right mounting plate above, and two second locking nuts are threadedly connected to the right screw rod, and the two second locking nuts are distributed on the upper and lower sides of the right mounting plate.

[0013] Furthermore, the soil taking and covering mechanism in the aforementioned rotary tillage and seeding machine, wherein: a seed opening protection mechanism is provided on the soil bearing baffle, and the structure of the seed opening protection mechanism includes: the soil bearing baffle extends backward to the upper rear side of the slotting and pressing roller of the seed furrow opening mechanism, and each seed guide tube of the seeding mechanism passes downward through the rear part of the soil bearing baffle until the seed opening of each seed guide tube is located directly below the rear part of the soil bearing baffle, and the rear end of the soil bearing baffle extends downward to form a seed opening rear guard baffle located behind each seed opening of the seeding mechanism, and the middle part of the soil bearing baffle extends downward to form a seed opening front guard baffle, and the seed opening front guard baffle is located in front of each seed opening of the seeding mechanism and behind the slotting and pressing shaft of the seed furrow opening mechanism.

[0014] The second object of the present invention is to provide a soil collecting and covering method in a rotary tillage and sowing machine which will not damage the seed furrow, block the seeding port, or move the seeds already sown in the seed furrow when covering the seeds in the seed furrow with soil.

[0015] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: a soil excavation and covering method, comprising the following steps: S1: When sowing in the seed furrow, the soil that has been rotary tilled in front of the seed furrow opening mechanism is taken and thrown backward to the top of the soil supporting baffle arranged above the seed furrow opening mechanism; S2: The soil falling on the top of the soil-bearing baffle is scraped backwards into the seed furrows pressed out by the seed furrow opening mechanism, so that the soil covers the seeds sown in the various furrows to complete the soil covering of the seeds in the seed furrows.

[0016] Furthermore, the aforementioned soil taking and covering method, wherein: in step S1, a soil taking mechanism is used to take the soil that has been tilled by a rotary tillage mechanism in front of the seed furrow opening mechanism when sowing in the seed furrow, and the taken soil is thrown backward to the top of a soil-bearing baffle arranged above the seed furrow opening mechanism; the structure of the soil taking mechanism includes: a soil taking shaft that can rotate around its own axis and is arranged in the frame, the soil taking shaft is located in front of the slotting and pressing shaft of the seed furrow opening mechanism and behind the rotary tillage shaft of the rotary tillage mechanism, and a plurality of soil taking blades that rotate synchronously with the soil taking shaft are fixed on the shaft body of the soil taking shaft, and each soil taking blade can throw the soil that has been tilled in front of the slotting and pressing shaft to the top of the soil-bearing baffle when it rotates with the soil taking shaft.

[0017] Furthermore, the aforementioned soil excavation and covering method, wherein: in step S1, the soil is further crushed while being excavated, and the soil is thrown backward to the top of the soil-bearing baffle arranged above the seed trench opening mechanism.

[0018] Furthermore, in the aforementioned soil taking and covering method, the rotation direction of the soil taking shaft in the soil taking mechanism is opposite to the rotation direction of the rotary tillage shaft in the rotary tillage mechanism, so that the soil taking blades of the soil taking mechanism can further crush the soil while taking the soil.

[0019] Furthermore, in the aforementioned soil excavation and covering method, the soil excavation shaft is installed on the frame through a height adjustment mechanism, and the height adjustment mechanism can adjust the height of the soil excavation shaft in the frame.

[0020] Furthermore, the aforementioned method for taking soil and covering soil, wherein: the structure of the height adjustment mechanism includes: a bearing seat, a first transmission gear box, the left shaft end of the soil taking shaft is supported by the bearing seat, the bearing seat can be installed on the left plate of the frame movably up and down relative to the frame, a left mounting plate fixed to the left side plate of the frame is provided above the bearing seat, a vertical left screw rod is fixed on the top of the bearing seat, the left screw rod upward passes through the corresponding left mounting plate above, two first locking nuts are threadedly connected on the left screw rod, and the two first locking nuts are distributed on the upper and lower sides of the left mounting plate; the right shaft end of the soil taking shaft extends into and is supported by the first transmission gear box, the first transmission gear box can be installed on the right side plate of the frame movably up and down relative to the frame, a right mounting plate fixed to the right side plate of the frame is provided above the first transmission gear box, a vertical right screw rod is fixed on the top of the first transmission gear box, the right screw rod upward passes through the corresponding right mounting plate above, two second locking nuts are threadedly connected on the right screw rod, and the two second locking nuts are distributed on the upper and lower sides of the right mounting plate.

[0021] Furthermore, the aforementioned method of taking and covering soil, wherein: a seed opening protection mechanism is provided on the soil bearing baffle, the structure of the seed opening protection mechanism includes: the soil bearing baffle extends rearward to the upper rear side of the slotting and pressing roller of the seed furrow opening mechanism, each seed guide tube of the sowing mechanism passes downward through the rear part of the soil bearing baffle until the seed opening of each seed guide tube is located directly below the rear part of the soil bearing baffle, the rear end of the soil bearing baffle extends downward to form a seed opening rear guard baffle located behind each seed opening of the sowing mechanism, the middle part of the soil bearing baffle extends downward to form a seed opening front guard baffle, the seed opening front guard baffle is located in front of each seed opening of the sowing mechanism and behind the slotting and pressing shaft of the seed furrow opening mechanism.

[0022] Furthermore, the aforementioned method for taking and covering soil, wherein: in step S2, a scraping mechanism is used to scrape the soil that falls on the top of the soil-bearing baffle backwards into the seed grooves pressed out by the seed groove opening mechanism, so that the soil covers the seeds that have been sown in the various grooves to complete the covering of the seeds in the seed grooves; the structure of the scraping mechanism includes: a scraping shaft that can rotate around its own axis and is arranged in a frame, the scraping shaft is arranged above the soil-bearing baffle, and a plurality of scraping blades that rotate synchronously with the scraping shaft are fixed on the shaft body of the scraping shaft, and each scraping blade can scrape the soil that falls on the top of the soil-bearing baffle backwards into the seed grooves pressed out by the convex rings of the slotted pressing shaft when the scraping shaft rotates, so that the soil covers the seeds that have been sown in the various grooves to complete the covering of the seeds in the seed grooves.

[0023] Through the implementation of the above technical scheme, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: (1) when taking soil, the soil in front of the slotting and pressing shaft of the seed trench opening mechanism is taken. After the soil at this position is taken, the slotting and pressing shaft of the seed trench opening mechanism is used to open and shape the seed trench. This method of taking soil first and then opening the seed trench replaces the traditional method of first opening the seed trench and then taking soil on both sides of the seed trench. When taking soil, the soil on both sides of the seed trench is not disturbed. This not only avoids the seed trench collapsing before the seeds fall in due to the disturbance of the soil on both sides of the seed trench, thereby ensuring the sowing depth of the seeds, but also prevents the seeds in the seed trench from being taken out of the seed trench when taking soil, thereby ensuring the sowing quality; (2) when covering the soil, the soil is taken, which is thrown by the soil taking shaft to the top of the slotting and pressing shaft and falls on the soil baffle. The soil on the soil baffle is scraped to the seed trench by the scraping blade on the scraping shaft, so that the soil covers the seeds that have been sown in each trench. The seeds in the seed furrow are covered with soil. This covering method does not damage the seed furrow because the soil on the soil-bearing baffle located above the slotted pressing shaft is taken. This further avoids the seed furrow collapsing before the seeds fall in due to soil disturbance on both sides of the seed furrow, further ensures the seeding depth, and further prevents the seeds in the seed furrow from being taken out of the seed furrow when covering the soil, further ensuring the sowing quality; (3) Through the design of the seed opening protection mechanism, the seed opening can be effectively avoided from being blocked during the soil taking and covering process, further ensuring the smooth movement of the equipment; (4) The cooperation of the soil taking blade and the rotary tillage blade, one in forward and one in reverse rotation, can greatly increase the shearing, collision and kneading effect on the soil, significantly improving the soil crushing effect. The improvement of the soil crushing effect is more conducive to seedling emergence after covering the soil; (5) It has a wide range of applications and is particularly suitable for operations in clay and sandy lands. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 This is a front view of the soil taking and covering mechanism in the rotary tillage and seeding machine described in the present invention.

[0025] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Right view of .

[0026] Figure 3 for Figure 1 Left view of .

[0027] Figure 4 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of the AA section shown in.

[0028] Figure 5 for Figure 4 A partial enlarged schematic diagram.

[0029] Figure 6 for Figure 1 Bottom view of .

[0030] Figure 7 for Figure 1 A first-person perspective image.

[0031] Figure 8 for Figure 1 A stereogram from a second perspective.

[0032] Figure 9 for Figure 1 A third-person perspective. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0034] like Figure 1 、 Figure 2 、 Figure 3 、 Figure 4 、 Figure 5 、 Figure 6 、 Figure 7 、 Figure 8 、 Figure 9 As shown, the soil taking and covering mechanism in the rotary tillage and seeding machine includes a soil taking shaft 2, a soil scraping shaft 3 and a soil bearing baffle 4 arranged in the frame 1. The soil taking shaft 2 can rotate around its own axis. The soil taking shaft 2 is arranged in front of the slotting and pressing shaft 5 in the seed furrowing mechanism and is located behind the rotary tillage shaft 6 of the rotary tillage mechanism. A plurality of soil taking blades 7 that rotate synchronously with the soil taking shaft 3 are fixed on the shaft body of the soil taking shaft 2. The soil bearing baffle 4 is arranged above the slotting and pressing shaft 5. When the soil taking blades 7 rotate with the soil taking shaft 2, the slotting and pressing shaft 5 in front of the rotary tillage machine can be moved forward. The soil after rotary tillage is thrown backward to the top of the soil-bearing baffle 4. The scraper shaft 3 is supported between the left plate 15 and the right plate 19 of the frame. The scraper shaft 3 is arranged above the soil-bearing baffle 4 and can rotate around its own axis. A number of scraper blades 8 that rotate synchronously with the scraper shaft 3 are fixed on the shaft body of the scraper shaft 3. When the scraper blades 8 rotate with the scraper shaft 3, the soil that falls on the top of the soil-bearing baffle 4 is scraped backward into the seed grooves pressed out by the convex rings of the slotted pressing shaft 5, so that the soil covers the seeds that have been sown in various grooves to complete the covering of the seeds in the seed grooves.

[0035] In this embodiment, the rotation direction of the soil-taking shaft 2 is opposite to the rotation direction of the rotary tillage shaft 6 of the rotary tillage mechanism 200, that is, the rotation direction of the soil-taking blade 7 on the soil-taking shaft 2 is opposite to the rotation direction of the rotary tillage blade 61 on the rotary tillage shaft 6. Through the coordinated action of the soil-taking blade 7 and the rotary tillage blade 61, which rotate forward and reverse respectively, the shearing, collision and kneading effects on the soil can be greatly increased, and the soil crushing effect can be significantly improved. The improvement of the soil crushing effect is more conducive to seedling emergence after the seed furrow is covered with soil.

[0036] In this embodiment, the soil-taking shaft 2 is mounted on the frame 1 through a height adjustment mechanism, and the height adjustment mechanism can adjust the height of the soil-taking shaft 2 in the frame 1; the structure of the height adjustment mechanism includes: a bearing seat 13, a first transmission gear box 14, the left shaft end of the soil-taking shaft 1 is supported on the bearing seat 13, the bearing seat 13 can be mounted on the left side plate 15 of the frame 1 so as to move up and down relative to the frame 1, and the bearing seat 13 can be mounted on the outer side of the left side plate 15 of the frame 1 so as to move up and down relative to the frame 1 through the left guide assembly, and the left guide assembly includes: a plurality of left vertical long holes provided on the left side plate 15 of the frame, and a plurality of left guide posts installed on the bearing seat 13, each left guide post corresponds to each left vertical long hole one by one, and each left guide post is passed through the corresponding left vertical long hole, and the bearing seat 13 is slidably provided on the left side plate 15 of the frame through the cooperation of the left guide post and the left vertical long hole; A left mounting plate 16 fixed to the left side plate 15 of the frame is provided above the bearing seat 13, and a vertical left screw rod 17 is fixed on the top of the bearing seat 13. The left screw rod 17 passes upward through the corresponding left mounting plate 16 above, and two first locking nuts 18 are threadedly connected to the left screw rod 17. The two first locking nuts 18 are distributed on the upper and lower sides of the left mounting plate 16; the right side shaft end of the soil-taking shaft 2 extends into and is supported by the first transmission gear box 14, and the first transmission gear box 14 can be mounted on the outer side of the right side plate 19 of the frame 1 so as to move up and down relative to the frame 1. The first transmission gear box 14 can be mounted on the outer side of the right side plate 19 of the frame 1 so as to move up and down relative to the frame 1 through the right guide assembly. The right guide assembly includes: a Several right vertical long holes of the plate 19, and several right guide columns mounted on the first transmission gear box 14, each right guide column corresponds to each right vertical long hole one by one, each right guide column is passed through the corresponding right vertical long hole, and the first transmission gear box 14 is slidably set on the right side plate 19 of the frame through the cooperation of the right guide column and the right vertical long hole; a right mounting plate 20 fixed to the right side plate 19 of the frame is provided above the first transmission gear box 14, and a vertical right screw rod 21 is fixed to the top of the first transmission gear box 14, and the right screw rod 21 passes upward through the corresponding right mounting plate 20 above, and two second locking nuts 22 are threadedly connected to the right screw rod 21, and the two second locking nuts 22 are distributed on the upper and lower sides of the right mounting plate 20.

[0037] When it is necessary to raise the soil-taking shaft 2, first turn downward the first locking nut 18 on the left screw rod 17, which is located below the left mounting plate 16, until the first locking nut moves downward along the left screw rod 17 and leaves the left mounting plate 16. At the same time, turn downward the second locking nut 22 on the right screw rod 21, which is located below the right mounting plate 20, until the second locking nut 22 moves downward along the right screw rod 21 and leaves the right mounting plate 20. Then, the first locking nut 18 on the left screw rod 17, which is located above the left mounting plate 16, is turned downward. When the first locking nut 18 is turned downward, the left screw rod 17 is driven to move upward relative to the left mounting plate 16, thereby synchronously driving the left shaft end of the soil-taking shaft 2 to move upward; at the same time, the second locking nut 22 on the right screw rod 21, which is located above the right mounting plate 20, is turned downward. When the second locking nut 22 is turned downward, the right screw rod 21 is driven to move upward relative to the right mounting plate 20, thereby synchronously driving the right shaft end of the soil-taking shaft 2 to move upward, thereby raising the soil-taking shaft 2 as a whole. After the height adjustment of the soil-taking shaft 2 is completed, The first locking nut 18 on the left screw rod 17, which is located below the left mounting plate 16, is rotated upward until the first locking nut 18 is again locked to the left mounting plate 16 in an upward and downward relationship with the first locking nut 18 above it, thereby fixing the height of the left shaft end of the soil-taking shaft 2; at the same time, the second locking nut 22 on the right screw rod 21, which is located below the right mounting plate 20, is rotated upward until the second locking nut 22 is again locked to the right mounting plate 20 in an upward and downward relationship with the second locking nut 22 above it, thereby fixing the height of the right shaft end of the soil-taking shaft 2, thereby completing the height adjustment of the soil-taking shaft 2. The adjustment of the soil-taking shaft 2 is very convenient.

[0038] When it is necessary to lower the soil-taking shaft 2, first turn upward the first locking nut 18 on the left screw rod 17, which is located above the left mounting plate 16. During the upward rotation of the first locking nut 18, the left shaft end of the soil-taking shaft 2 will move downward under the action of the deadweight of the bearing seat 13 and the soil-taking shaft 2; at the same time, turn upward the second locking nut 22 on the right screw rod 21, which is located above the right mounting plate 20. During the upward rotation of the second locking nut 22, the right shaft end of the soil-taking shaft 2 will move downward under the action of the deadweight of the first transmission gear box 14 and the soil-taking shaft 2, thereby lowering the soil-taking shaft 2 as a whole. After the height adjustment of the soil-taking shaft 2 is completed, Then rotate the first locking nut 18 on the left screw rod 17 below the left mounting plate 16 upward until the first locking nut 18 is again locked to the left mounting plate 16 in an upward and downward relationship with the first locking nut 18 above it, thereby fixing the height of the left shaft end of the soil-taking shaft 2; at the same time, rotate the second locking nut 22 on the right screw rod 21 below the right mounting plate 20 upward until the second locking nut 22 is again locked to the right mounting plate 20 in an upward and downward relationship with the second locking nut 22 above it, thereby fixing the height of the right shaft end of the soil-taking shaft 2, thereby completing the lowering of the soil-taking shaft 2, and the adjustment of the soil-taking shaft 2 is very convenient.

[0039] In this embodiment, if Figure 4 、 Figure 5As shown, a seeding opening protection mechanism is provided on the soil-bearing baffle, and the structure of the seeding opening protection mechanism includes: the soil-bearing baffle 4 extends backward to the upper rear side of the slotting and pressing roller 5 of the seed furrowing mechanism 100, and each seed guide tube 9 of the sowing mechanism 300 passes downward through the rear part of the soil-bearing baffle 4 until the seeding opening 10 of each seed guide tube 9 is located directly below the rear part of the soil-bearing baffle 4, and the rear end of the soil-bearing baffle 4 extends downward to form a seeding opening rear guard plate 11 located behind each seeding opening 10 of the sowing mechanism 300, and the middle part of the soil-bearing baffle 4 extends downward to form a seeding opening front guard plate 12. The front guard plate 12 is located in front of each seeding port 10 of the sowing mechanism 300 and behind the slotting and pressing shaft 5 of the seed furrowing mechanism 100. The soil-bearing baffle 4, the front guard plate 12 of the seeding port and the rear guard plate 11 of the seeding port cooperate to protect each seeding port 10 of the sowing mechanism 300. The front guard plate 12 of the seeding port and the soil-bearing baffle 4 can prevent the soil thrown backward by the soil-taking blade 7 from splashing into the seeding port 10, and the rear guard plate 11 of the seeding port can prevent the soil scraped backward by the scraping blade 8 from splashing into the seeding port 10, thereby effectively avoiding the occurrence of seeding port blockage during the soil taking and covering process.

[0040] In actual application, the rotation of the soil-taking shaft 2, the scraping shaft 3, the grooving and pressing shaft 5 and the rotary tillage shaft 6 can be achieved by directly driving the rotation of independent power parts such as motors, or by cooperating with the tractor through a power transmission mechanism, and using the power transmission mechanism to transmit the power of the tractor to each shaft to drive the rotation of each shaft.

[0041] In this embodiment, the rotation of each shaft is achieved by using a power transmission mechanism in conjunction with the tractor. The power transmission mechanism includes a front gearbox 37 and a rear gearbox mounted on the frame. The front gearbox 37 and the rear gearbox are connected via a first cardan shaft 38. The front gearbox is connected to the rotary shaft via a rotary shaft transmission assembly to drive the rotary shaft in forward rotation. The rotary shaft transmission assembly is described in the invention patent application number 202510114426.8 and is an existing structure. Therefore, the structure of the rotary shaft transmission assembly will not be repeated here. The rear gearbox has a left output shaft and a right output shaft, the right output shaft of the rear gearbox is connected to the universal joint at one end of the second cardan shaft, and the universal joint at the other end of the second cardan shaft is connected to the soil-taking shaft 2 through the right transmission assembly, so that the rear gearbox can transmit the tractor power to the soil-taking shaft 2 to drive the soil-taking shaft 2 to reverse. The structure of the right transmission assembly includes: a first transmission gearbox 14 supporting the right shaft end of the soil-taking shaft 2 supports gear one 23, gear two 24, gear three 25, and gear four 26, the universal joint at the other end of the second cardan shaft is connected to gear one 23, gear one 23 is meshed with gear two 24, gear two 24 is meshed with gear three 25, gear three 25 is meshed with gear four 26, and gears Wheel four 26 is engaged with gear five 27 mounted on the right side shaft end of the soil-taking shaft 2, and the rear gearbox drives the soil-taking shaft 2 to reverse through the cooperation of the second cardan shaft, gear one 23, gear two 24, gear three 25, gear four 26 and gear five 27; and since the first transmission gearbox 14 is connected to the second cardan shaft through a universal joint, the universal joint allows the first transmission gearbox 14 to make a certain amount of position adjustment relative to the second cardan shaft when receiving the power transmitted by the second cardan shaft, thereby ensuring that the power of the second cardan shaft can be effectively transmitted to the soil-taking shaft 2, and at the same time, the height of the soil-taking shaft 2 can be adjusted by adjusting the height of the first transmission gearbox 14 and the height of the bearing seat 13, thereby effectively ensuring the smooth movement of the equipment.

[0042] The left output shaft of the rear gearbox is connected to the universal joint at one end of the third cardan shaft, and the universal joint at the other end of the third cardan shaft is connected to the scraper shaft 3 and the slotted pressing shaft 5 through the left transmission assembly to drive the scraper shaft 3 and the slotted pressing shaft 5 to rotate forward; the structure of the left transmission assembly includes: a second transmission gearbox 28 arranged on the left side plate 15 of the frame, and the second transmission gearbox 28 supports gear six 29, gear seven 30, gear eight 31, gear nine 32, gear ten 33, and gear eleven 34. The universal joint at the other end of the third cardan shaft is connected to gear six 29, gear six 29 is meshed with gear seven 30, gear seven 30 is meshed with gear eight 31, and gear eight 31 is meshed with gear nine 32. Gear nine 32 is engaged with gear ten 33 and gear eleven 34 at the same time, and gear ten 33 does not contact gear eleven 34. The gear ten 33 is engaged with gear twelve 35 which is mounted on the left shaft end of the slotted pressing shaft 5, and the gear eleven 34 is engaged with gear thirteen 36 which is mounted on the left shaft end of the scraper shaft 3. The rear gearbox drives the slotted pressing shaft 5 to rotate forward through the cooperation of the third cardan shaft, gear six 29, gear seven 30, gear eight 31, gear nine 32, gear ten 33 and gear twelve 35. The rear gearbox drives the scraper shaft 3 to rotate forward through the cooperation of the third cardan shaft, gear six 29, gear seven 30, gear eight 31, gear nine 32, gear eleven 34 and gear thirteen 36.

[0043] Before operation, the rotary tillage and sowing machine is installed on a tractor so that the tractor's power output shaft is connected to the front gearbox of the rotary tillage and sowing machine. During operation, the front gearbox drives the rotary tillage shaft 6 and the rotary tillage blade 61 to rotate forward through the rotary tillage shaft transmission assembly; the front gearbox transmits power to the rear gearbox through the first rear gearbox, and the rear gearbox transmits power to the soil-taking shaft through the right output shaft, the second cardan shaft and the right transmission assembly, driving the soil-taking shaft 2 and the soil-taking blade 7 to rotate in the opposite direction; at the same time, the rear gearbox drives the slotting and pressing shaft 5 to rotate forward through the cooperation of the left output shaft, the third cardan shaft, gear 6 29, gear 7 30, gear 8 31, gear 9 32, gear 10 33 and gear 12 35, and at the same time, the rear gearbox drives the scraping shaft 3 and the scraping blade 8 to rotate forward through the cooperation of the left output shaft, the third cardan shaft, gear 6 29, gear 7 30, gear 8 31, gear 9 32, gear 11 34 and gear 13 36.

[0044] When the tractor drives the rotary tillage and sowing machine forward, the rotary tillage blades 61 in the rotary tillage mechanism 200 rotate forward with the rotary tillage shaft 6 to till the ridges; the soil taking blades 7 that rotate in the reverse direction with the soil taking shaft 2 take the soil after rotary tillage when rotating, and further crush the soil while taking the soil, and throw the taken soil backward to the top of the soil supporting baffle 4 above the slotting and pressing shaft 5 of the seed furrowing mechanism 100; when the slotting and pressing shaft 5 of the seed furrowing mechanism rotates forward, the soil after rotary tillage is preliminarily rolled and passed through it. The convex rings press out several seed furrows on the ridges; after the seed furrows are formed by the seed furrow opener, the seeds in the seed box of the sowing mechanism are output from the seed ports 10 through the seed guide tubes 9 and fall into the opened seed furrows; at this time, the scraping blade 7 rotating forward with the scraper shaft 3 will scrape the soil that falls on the top of the soil-bearing baffle 4 backward into the seed furrows pressed out by the seed furrow opener, so that the soil covers the seeds that have been sown in various furrows to complete the covering of the seeds in the seed furrows; then the soil is pressed and leveled by the pressing roller of the pressing mechanism.

[0045] The present invention also discloses a soil excavation and covering method, comprising the following steps: S1: When sowing in the seed furrow, soil that has been rotary tilled by the rotary tillage mechanism 200 is taken in front of the seed furrow opening mechanism 100, the soil is further broken up while taking the soil, and the taken soil is thrown backward to the top of the soil support baffle 4 provided above the seed furrow opening mechanism 100; In step S1, a soil-taking mechanism is used to take the soil that has been tilled by the rotary tillage mechanism 200 in front of the seed furrow opening mechanism 100 during seed furrow sowing, and the taken soil is thrown backward to the top of the soil-bearing baffle 4 arranged above the seed furrow opening mechanism 100; the structure of the soil-taking mechanism includes: a soil-taking shaft 2 that can rotate around its own axis and is arranged in the frame 1, the soil-taking shaft 2 is located in front of the slotting and pressing shaft 5 of the seed furrow opening mechanism 100 and behind the rotary tillage shaft 6 of the rotary tillage mechanism 200, and a plurality of soil-taking blades 7 that rotate synchronously with the soil-taking shaft 2 are fixed on the shaft body of the soil-taking shaft 2, and each soil-taking blade 7 can throw the soil that has been tilled in front of the slotting and pressing shaft 5 backward to the top of the soil-bearing baffle 4 when it rotates with the soil-taking shaft 2.

[0046] In step S1, the soil taking shaft 2 of the soil taking mechanism is installed on the frame 1 through the height adjustment mechanism, and the height adjustment mechanism can adjust the height of the soil taking shaft 2 in the frame 1; the structure of the height adjustment mechanism includes: a bearing seat 13, a first transmission gear box 14, the left shaft end of the soil taking shaft 1 is supported on the bearing seat 13, and the bearing seat 13 can be installed on the left side plate 15 of the frame 1 so as to move up and down relative to the frame 1, and a left mounting plate 16 fixed to the left side plate 15 of the frame is provided above the bearing seat 13, and a vertical left screw rod 17 is fixed on the top of the bearing seat 13, and the left screw rod 17 passes upward through the corresponding left mounting plate 16 above, and two first screw rods are threadedly connected to the left screw rod 17. Locking nut 18, two first locking nuts 18 are distributed on the upper and lower sides of the left mounting plate 16; the right side shaft end of the soil-taking shaft 2 extends into and is supported on the first transmission gear box 14, and the first transmission gear box 14 can be mounted on the right side plate 19 of the frame 1 so as to move up and down relative to the frame 1. A right mounting plate 20 fixed to the right side plate 19 of the frame is provided above the first transmission gear box 14, and a vertical right screw rod 21 is fixed to the top of the first transmission gear box 14. The right screw rod 21 passes upward through the corresponding right mounting plate 20 above, and two second locking nuts 22 are threadedly connected to the right screw rod 21. The two second locking nuts 22 are distributed on the upper and lower sides of the right mounting plate 20.

[0047] In step S1, the rotation direction of the soil-taking shaft 2 in the soil-taking mechanism is opposite to the rotation direction of the rotary tillage shaft 6 in the rotary tillage mechanism 200. In this embodiment, the rotary tillage shaft 6 of the rotary tillage mechanism 200 rotates forward and the soil-taking shaft 2 rotates reversely, so that the soil-taking blade 7 of the soil-taking mechanism can further crush the soil while taking the soil, and throw the soil backward to the top of the soil-bearing baffle 4 arranged above the seed furrow opening mechanism 100.

[0048] In this soil taking and covering method, the rotation of the soil taking shaft 2 and the rotary tillage shaft 6 can be achieved by directly driving the rotation of independent power parts such as motors, or by cooperating with the tractor through a power transmission mechanism, and using the power transmission mechanism to transmit the power of the tractor to each shaft to drive the rotation of each shaft.

[0049] In this embodiment, the rotation of each shaft is achieved by using a power transmission mechanism in conjunction with the tractor. The power transmission mechanism includes a front gearbox 37 and a rear gearbox mounted on the frame. The front gearbox 37 and the rear gearbox are connected via a first cardan shaft 38. The front gearbox 37 is connected to the rotary tiller shaft via a rotary tiller shaft transmission assembly to drive the rotary tiller shaft in forward rotation. The rotary tiller shaft transmission assembly is described in the invention patent application number 202510114426.8 and is an existing structure. Therefore, the structure of the rotary tiller shaft transmission assembly will not be repeated here. The rear gearbox has a left output shaft and a right output shaft, the right output shaft of the rear gearbox is connected to the universal joint at one end of the second cardan shaft, and the universal joint at the other end of the second cardan shaft is connected to the soil-taking shaft 2 through the right transmission assembly, so that the rear gearbox can transmit the tractor power to the soil-taking shaft 2 to drive the soil-taking shaft 2 to reverse. The structure of the right transmission assembly includes: a first transmission gearbox 14 supporting the right shaft end of the soil-taking shaft 2 supports gear one 23, gear two 24, gear three 25, and gear four 26, the universal joint at the other end of the second cardan shaft is connected to gear one 23, gear one 23 is meshed with gear two 24, gear two 24 is meshed with gear three 25, gear three 25 is meshed with gear four 26, and gears Wheel four 26 is engaged with gear five 27 mounted on the right side shaft end of the soil-taking shaft 2, and the rear gearbox drives the soil-taking shaft 2 to reverse through the cooperation of the second cardan shaft, gear one 23, gear two 24, gear three 25, gear four 26 and gear five 27; and since the first transmission gearbox 14 is connected to the second cardan shaft through a universal joint, the universal joint allows the first transmission gearbox 14 to make a certain amount of position adjustment relative to the second cardan shaft when receiving the power transmitted by the second cardan shaft, thereby ensuring that the power of the second cardan shaft can be effectively transmitted to the soil-taking shaft 2, and at the same time, the height of the soil-taking shaft 2 can be adjusted by adjusting the height of the first transmission gearbox 14 and the height of the bearing seat 13, thereby effectively ensuring the smooth movement of the equipment.

[0050] In step S1, a seed opening protection mechanism is provided on the soil-bearing baffle 4, and the structure of the seed opening protection mechanism includes: the soil-bearing baffle 4 extends backward to the upper rear side of the slotting and pressing roller 5 of the seed furrowing mechanism 100, and each seed guide tube 9 of the sowing mechanism 300 passes downward through the rear part of the soil-bearing baffle 4 until the seed opening 10 of each seed guide tube 9 is located directly below the rear part of the soil-bearing baffle 4, and the rear end of the soil-bearing baffle 4 extends downward to form a seed opening rear guard plate 11 located behind each seed opening 10 of the sowing mechanism 300, and the middle part of the soil-bearing baffle 4 extends downward to form a seed opening front guard plate 12. The front guard plate 12 of the seeding port is located in front of each seeding port 10 of the sowing mechanism 300 and behind the slotting and pressing shaft 5 of the seed furrowing mechanism 100. The soil-bearing baffle 4, the front guard plate 12 of the seeding port and the rear guard plate 11 of the seeding port cooperate to protect each seeding port 10 of the sowing mechanism 300. The front guard plate 12 of the seeding port and the soil-bearing baffle 4 can prevent the soil thrown backward by the soil-taking blade 7 from splashing into the seeding port 10, and the rear guard plate 11 of the seeding port can prevent the soil scraped backward by the scraping blade 8 from splashing into the seeding port 10, thereby effectively avoiding the occurrence of seeding port blockage during the soil-taking and covering process.

[0051] S2: The soil falling on the top of the soil-bearing baffle is scraped backwards into the seed furrows pressed out by the seed furrow opening mechanism, so that the soil covers the seeds sown in the various furrows to complete the soil covering of the seeds in the seed furrows.

[0052] In step S2, a scraping mechanism is used to scrape the soil that falls on the top of the soil-bearing baffle 4 backwards into the seed furrows pressed out by the seed furrow opening mechanism 100, so that the soil covers the seeds that have been sown in the various furrows to complete the covering of the seeds in the seed furrows; the structure of the scraping mechanism includes: a scraping shaft 3 that can rotate around its own axis and is arranged in the frame 1, the scraping shaft 3 is arranged above the soil-bearing baffle 4, and a plurality of scraping blades 8 that rotate synchronously with the scraping shaft 3 are fixed on the shaft body of the scraping shaft 3. When the scraping blades 8 rotate with the scraping shaft 3, they can scrape the soil that falls on the top of the soil-bearing baffle 4 backwards into the seed furrows pressed out by the convex rings of the slotting and pressing shaft 5, so that the soil covers the seeds that have been sown in the various furrows to complete the covering of the seeds in the seed furrows.

[0053] In this soil excavation and covering method, the rotation of the scraper shaft 3 and the slotting and pressing shaft 5 can be achieved by directly driving the shafts 3 and 5 by independent power components such as motors, or by cooperating with a tractor through a power transmission mechanism, whereby the power of the tractor is transmitted to the shafts to drive the shafts to rotate. In this embodiment, the rotation of the shafts is achieved by cooperating with the power transmission mechanism and the tractor. The specific transmission structure includes: the left output shaft of the rear gearbox is connected to the universal joint at one end of the third cardan shaft, and the universal joint at the other end of the third cardan shaft is connected to the scraper shaft 3 and the slotted pressing shaft 5 through the left transmission assembly to drive the scraper shaft 3 and the slotted pressing shaft 5 to rotate forward; the structure of the left transmission assembly includes: a second transmission gearbox 28 provided on the left side plate 15 of the frame, the second transmission gearbox 28 supports gear six 29, gear seven 30, gear eight 31, gear nine 32, gear ten 33, and gear eleven 34, the universal joint at the other end of the third cardan shaft is connected to gear six 29, gear six 29 is meshed with gear seven 30, gear seven 30 is meshed with gear eight 31, gear eight 31 is meshed with gear nine 32 The gear 9 32 is meshed with the gear 10 33 and the gear 11 34 at the same time. The gear 10 33 does not contact the gear 11 34. The gear 10 33 is meshed with the gear 12 35 which is mounted on the left shaft end of the slotted pressing shaft 5. The gear 11 34 is meshed with the gear 13 36 which is mounted on the left shaft end of the scraper shaft 3. The rear gearbox drives the slotted pressing shaft 5 to rotate forward through the cooperation of the third cardan shaft, gear 6 29, gear 7 30, gear 8 31, gear 9 32, gear 10 33 and gear 12 35. The rear gearbox drives the scraper shaft 3 to rotate forward through the cooperation of the third cardan shaft, gear 6 29, gear 7 30, gear 8 31, gear 9 32, gear 11 34 and gear 13 36.

[0054] The advantages of the present invention are: (1) when taking soil, the soil in front of the slotting and pressing shaft of the seed trench opening mechanism is taken. After the soil in this position is taken, the slotting and pressing shaft of the seed trench opening mechanism is used to open and shape the seed trench. This method of taking soil first and then opening the seed trench replaces the traditional method of first opening the seed trench and then taking soil on both sides of the seed trench. When taking soil, the soil on both sides of the seed trench is not disturbed. This not only avoids the seed trench collapsing before the seeds fall in due to the soil disturbance on both sides of the seed trench, thereby ensuring the sowing depth of the seeds, but also prevents the seeds in the seed trench from being taken out of the seed trench when taking soil, thereby ensuring the sowing quality; (2) when covering the soil, the soil is taken, which is thrown above the slotting and pressing shaft by the soil taking shaft and falls on the soil supporting baffle. The soil on the soil supporting baffle is scraped toward the seed trench by the scraping blade on the scraping shaft, so that the soil covers the seeds sown in various trenches. The seeds in the seed furrow are covered with soil. This covering method does not damage the seed furrow because the soil on the soil-bearing baffle located above the slotted pressing shaft is taken. This further avoids the seed furrow collapsing before the seeds fall in due to soil disturbance on both sides of the seed furrow, further ensures the seeding depth, and further prevents the seeds in the seed furrow from being taken out of the seed furrow when covering the soil, further ensuring the sowing quality; (3) Through the design of the seed opening protection mechanism, the seed opening can be effectively avoided from being blocked during the soil taking and covering process, further ensuring the smooth movement of the equipment; (4) The cooperation of the soil taking blade and the rotary tillage blade, one in forward and one in reverse rotation, can greatly increase the shearing, collision and kneading effect on the soil, significantly improving the soil crushing effect. The improvement of the soil crushing effect is more conducive to seedling emergence after covering the soil; (5) It has a wide range of applications and is particularly suitable for operations in clay and sandy lands.

[0055] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the present invention in any other form. Any modification or equivalent change made according to the technical essence of the present invention shall still fall within the scope of protection required by the present invention.

Claims

1. The soil collecting and covering mechanism in the rotary tillage and seeding machine is characterized by: The hoe hoe of claim 1 , wherein the hoe hoe has a plurality of rollers connected thereto to move the rollers forward and backward, and the rollers move forward and backward to move the rollers back and forth, respectively.

2. The soil collecting and covering mechanism in the rotary tillage and seeding machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rotation direction of the soil taking shaft is opposite to the rotation direction of the rotary tillage shaft of the rotary tillage mechanism.

3. The soil taking and covering mechanism in the rotary tillage and seeding machine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The soil-taking shaft is installed on the frame through a height adjustment mechanism, and the height adjustment mechanism can adjust the height of the soil-taking shaft in the frame.

4. The soil collecting and covering mechanism in the rotary tillage and seeding machine according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The structure of the height adjustment mechanism includes: a bearing seat, a first transmission gear box, the left shaft end of the soil taking shaft is supported by the bearing seat, the bearing seat can be installed on the left side plate of the frame movably up and down relative to the frame, a left mounting plate fixed to the left side plate of the frame is provided above the bearing seat, a vertical left screw rod is fixed on the top of the bearing seat, the left screw rod upward passes through the corresponding left mounting plate above, two first locking nuts are threadedly connected on the left screw rod, and the two first locking nuts are distributed on the upper and lower sides of the left mounting plate; the right shaft end of the soil taking shaft extends into and is supported by the first transmission gear box, the first transmission gear box can be installed on the right side plate of the frame movably up and down relative to the frame, a right mounting plate fixed to the right side plate of the frame is provided above the first transmission gear box, a vertical right screw rod is fixed on the top of the first transmission gear box, the right screw rod upward passes through the corresponding right mounting plate above, two second locking nuts are threadedly connected on the right screw rod, and the two second locking nuts are distributed on the upper and lower sides of the right mounting plate.

5. The soil collecting and covering mechanism in the rotary tillage and seeding machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: A seed opening protection mechanism is provided on the soil bearing baffle, and the structure of the seed opening protection mechanism includes: the soil bearing baffle extends backward to the upper rear side of the slotting and pressing roller of the seed furrow opening mechanism, and each seed guide tube of the sowing mechanism passes downward through the rear part of the soil bearing baffle until the seed opening of each seed guide tube is located directly below the rear part of the soil bearing baffle, and the rear end of the soil bearing baffle extends downward to form a seed opening rear guard plate located behind each seed opening of the sowing mechanism, and the middle part of the soil bearing baffle extends downward to form a seed opening front guard plate, and the seed opening front guard plate is located in front of each seed opening of the sowing mechanism and behind the slotting and pressing shaft of the seed furrow opening mechanism.

6. A soil excavation and covering method, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1: When sowing in the seed furrow, the soil that has been rotary tilled in front of the seed furrow opening mechanism is taken and thrown backward to the top of the soil supporting baffle arranged above the seed furrow opening mechanism; S2: The soil falling on the top of the soil-bearing baffle is scraped backwards into the seed furrows pressed out by the seed furrow opening mechanism, so that the soil covers the seeds sown in the various furrows to complete the soil covering of the seeds in the seed furrows.

7. The soil excavation and covering method according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step S1, a soil-taking mechanism is used to take the soil that has been tilled by the rotary tillage mechanism in front of the seed furrow opening mechanism during seed furrow sowing, and the taken soil is thrown backward to the top of the soil-bearing baffle arranged above the seed furrow opening mechanism; the structure of the soil-taking mechanism includes: a soil-taking shaft that can rotate around its own axis and is arranged in the frame, the soil-taking shaft is located in front of the slotting and pressing shaft of the seed furrow opening mechanism and behind the rotary tillage shaft of the rotary tillage mechanism, and a plurality of soil-taking blades that rotate synchronously with the soil-taking shaft are fixed on the shaft body of the soil-taking shaft, and each soil-taking blade can throw the soil that has been tilled in front of the slotting and pressing shaft to the top of the soil-bearing baffle when it rotates with the soil-taking shaft.

8. The soil excavation and covering method according to claim 7, characterized in that: In step S1, the soil is further crushed while being taken, and the soil is thrown backward to the top of the soil-bearing baffle arranged above the seed trench opening mechanism.

9. The soil excavation and covering method according to claim 8, characterized in that: The rotation direction of the soil taking shaft in the soil taking mechanism is opposite to that of the rotary tillage shaft in the rotary tillage mechanism, so that the soil taking blades of the soil taking mechanism can further crush the soil while taking the soil.

10. A soil excavation and covering method according to claim 7, 8 or 9, characterized in that: The soil-taking shaft is installed on the frame through a height adjustment mechanism, and the height adjustment mechanism can adjust the height of the soil-taking shaft in the frame.

11. The soil excavation and covering method according to claim 10, characterized in that: The structure of the height adjustment mechanism includes: a bearing seat, a first transmission gear box, the left shaft end of the soil taking shaft is supported by the bearing seat, the bearing seat can be installed on the left side plate of the frame movably up and down relative to the frame, a left mounting plate fixed to the left side plate of the frame is provided above the bearing seat, a vertical left screw rod is fixed on the top of the bearing seat, the left screw rod upward passes through the corresponding left mounting plate above, two first locking nuts are threadedly connected on the left screw rod, and the two first locking nuts are distributed on the upper and lower sides of the left mounting plate; the right shaft end of the soil taking shaft extends into and is supported by the first transmission gear box, the first transmission gear box can be installed on the right side plate of the frame movably up and down relative to the frame, a right mounting plate fixed to the right side plate of the frame is provided above the first transmission gear box, a vertical right screw rod is fixed on the top of the first transmission gear box, the right screw rod upward passes through the corresponding right mounting plate above, two second locking nuts are threadedly connected on the right screw rod, and the two second locking nuts are distributed on the upper and lower sides of the right mounting plate.

12. A soil excavation and covering method according to claim 6, 7, 8 or 9, characterized in that: A seed opening protection mechanism is provided on the soil bearing baffle, and the structure of the seed opening protection mechanism includes: the soil bearing baffle extends backward to the upper rear side of the slotting and pressing roller of the seed furrow opening mechanism, and each seed guide tube of the sowing mechanism passes downward through the rear part of the soil bearing baffle until the seed opening of each seed guide tube is located directly below the rear part of the soil bearing baffle, and the rear end of the soil bearing baffle extends downward to form a seed opening rear guard plate located behind each seed opening of the sowing mechanism, and the middle part of the soil bearing baffle extends downward to form a seed opening front guard plate, and the seed opening front guard plate is located in front of each seed opening of the sowing mechanism and behind the slotting and pressing shaft of the seed furrow opening mechanism.

13. The soil excavation and covering method according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step S2, a scraping mechanism is used to scrape the soil that has fallen on the top of the soil-bearing baffle backwards into the seed furrows pressed out by the seed furrow opening mechanism, so that the soil covers the seeds that have been sown in the various furrows to complete the covering of the seeds in the seed furrows; the structure of the scraping mechanism includes: a scraping shaft that can rotate around its own axis and is arranged in a frame, the scraping shaft is arranged above the soil-bearing baffle, and a plurality of scraping blades that rotate synchronously with the scraping shaft are fixed on the shaft body of the scraping shaft. When the scraping blades rotate with the scraping shaft, they can scrape the soil that has fallen on the top of the soil-bearing baffle backwards into the seed furrows pressed out by the convex rings of the slotted pressing shaft, so that the soil covers the seeds that have been sown in the various furrows to complete the covering of the seeds in the seed furrows.

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