Wheat breeding generation-adding method

Abstract

The invention discloses a wheat breeding generation-adding method which comprises the following steps: placing in-vitro materials such as root tillers separated from stock plants in a greenhouse, and enabling the in-vitro materials to directly root in an aerial fog environment by adopting an ultrasonic atomization cultivation technology. The cut part of the in-vitro material is completely exposed in the aerial fog above the planting plate and is in a suspended state, so that the minimum mechanical resistance is provided for root development, rapid growth and obvious amplification of phenotypic characteristics of the in-vitro material are promoted, and screening and cultivation of good varieties are facilitated. And a crop growth digital twinning system based on deep learning is further combined to simulate and predict the growth state of the crop in real time. By integrating environment data and crop phenotype information, the system can dynamically optimize cultivation parameters such as light, temperature, water, fertilizer and gas and physical processing data, an efficient breeding process of 4-5 generations in a year is achieved, the breeding cycle is remarkably shortened, and the breeding efficiency is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of wheat breeding, in particular to a wheat breeding generation method. Background Art

[0002] Wheat has a relatively long growing cycle, with winter wheat growing for approximately 240 days and spring wheat in the south for about 200 days. Traditional crop breeding methods, such as hybridization and mutation breeding, rely primarily on natural growth cycles. Generally, only one to two generations can be bred each year. Especially for crops with long growing periods like wheat, a single breeding cycle often takes five to eight years. This long conventional breeding cycle and low breeding efficiency have severely impacted wheat breeding progress. Furthermore, traditional breeding is significantly affected by natural climatic conditions. Fluctuations in factors such as light, temperature, and moisture can easily lead to deviations in experimental data.

[0003] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a wheat breeding generation method to solve the above technical problems. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention overcomes the shortcomings of the prior art and provides a wheat breeding and generation-addition method.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a wheat breeding and generation method, comprising the following steps:

[0006] S1. Separate tillers with three or more leaves and one or more roots from the mother plant;

[0007] S2. Fixing the tillers on a planting plate and cultivating them in vitro using ultrasonic atomization cultivation technology, wherein a nutrient solution is generated by magnetizing flowing water and supplying oxygen-enriched water, and an ultrasonic atomizer is used to convert the nutrient solution into ultrafine droplets, which act on the tiller cuts in a targeted manner;

[0008] S3, applying a space electric field during the wheat seedling, tillering and heading stages;

[0009] S4. Real-time collection of environmental data and wheat phenotypic information, real-time simulation and prediction of wheat growth status based on the digital twin model, and dynamic regulation of greenhouse environmental parameters and physical processing data, including flow water magnetization parameters, atomization parameters, and spatial electric field parameters;

[0010] S5. Cut the newly grown tillers into independent individuals and repeat steps S2 to S4 to cultivate the next generation.

[0011] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the method for in vitro cultivation using the ultrasonic atomization cultivation technology comprises:

[0012] S21, using a spiral magnetizing tube, with multiple groups of NdFeB permanent magnets with alternating N-S poles embedded in the tube wall, with a magnetic field strength of 0.3 to 0.5 T. After the water flows through the alternating magnetic field, magnetized water is obtained;

[0013] S22. A gas-liquid mixer is constructed based on the Venturi effect. High-pressure water flow creates negative pressure at the throat to draw in air or pure oxygen. The mixed gas is broken into microbubbles by a nano-titanium alloy aeration disk to produce oxygen-enriched water.

[0014] S23, mixing the magnetized water, oxygen-enriched water and nutrient solution;

[0015] S24. Use an ultrasonic atomizer to convert the mixed nutrient solution into ultrafine droplets, and use a directional nozzle to cover the tillering cut in an intermittent spray mode of 5 to 15 seconds per time.

[0016] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, after the tillers have grown robust root systems, the planting plate is turned over with the roots facing downward and ultrasonic atomization is used for cultivation, comprising:

[0017] During the seedling stage, the atomization frequency is 2.0-2.4 MHz, the droplet size is 1-10 μm, and the spraying is performed every 5-15 seconds;

[0018] Spray once every 30 to 40 seconds from tillering to heading stage, with droplet size of 1 to 20 μm.

[0019] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the spatial electric field adopts an upper and lower double-layer mesh electrode structure, and the method for processing the spatial electric field includes:

[0020] During the seedling stage, the field strength was 200-300 V / m and applied continuously for 4 hours from 8:00 to 12:00 every day;

[0021] During the tillering period, the field strength was applied twice a day from 6:00 to 8:00 and from 16:00 to 18:00, with an upper field strength of 500 to 800 V / m using a gradient boost, and a lower field strength of 200 to 300 V / m;

[0022] During the heading period, it is closed from 18:00 to 6:00 the next day. The upper field strength is 1000-1500V / m, and the lower field strength is 200-300V / m.

[0023] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, during the period of applying the spatial electric field at the heading stage, the magnetized water flow is turned off to maintain low-frequency operation of the atomization.

[0024] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, temperature and humidity sensors, gas sensors and high-definition cameras are installed in the greenhouse;

[0025] The gas sensor is used to monitor the concentration of carbon dioxide gas, and the high-definition camera is used to obtain images of the wheat appearance and analyze the corresponding phenotypic information.

[0026] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the method for extracting wheat phenotypic characteristics comprises:

[0027] S411, inputting the original image captured by the high-definition camera and performing image preprocessing on it, including dedistortion / white balance;

[0028] S412: judging whether the current wheat stage is the tillering stage, the jointing stage, the flowering stage, or the grain filling stage based on the preprocessed image;

[0029] S413: Plant height / tiller number analysis is performed during the tillering and jointing stages, and ear identification / heading counting is performed during the flowering and filling stages. The analyzed data are normalized and stored and input into the digital twin model.

[0030] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in S4, the method for dynamically controlling greenhouse environmental parameters and physical processing data based on the digital twin model includes:

[0031] S421. Acquire real-time environmental data, wheat phenotypic information, and physical processing data, use a temporal convolutional network to model past environmental data, phenotypic information, and physical processing data, extract time series features, and output future predicted values ​​of plant height, leaf area, tiller number, and heading rate;

[0032] S422: The preset expert program calls the preset parameter combination in the expert program based on the current wheat growth stage, and analyzes the current wheat growth requirements in combination with the predicted value and phenotypic information outputted in S421;

[0033] S423. Based on the data required for wheat growth analyzed in S422, a multi-objective optimization algorithm is used to dynamically optimize light, temperature, water, fertilizer, air parameters and physical treatment data so that the configuration of environmental factors is always optimized.

[0034] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in S5, tiller cutting is performed when the number of wheat tillers is ≥3 and the root system reaches 5 cm.

[0035] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the phenotypic information includes: plant height, leaf area, tiller number, heading rate and leaf color value.

[0036] The present invention solves the defects existing in the background technology and has the following beneficial effects:

[0037] (1) The present invention provides a wheat breeding generation method, in which in vitro materials such as root and tiller segments are placed in a greenhouse, and ultrasonic atomization cultivation technology is used to allow the in vitro materials to take root directly in an aerosol environment. The cut portion of the in vitro material is completely exposed to the aerosol above the planting plate and is in a suspended state, thereby providing minimal mechanical resistance to root development, promoting its rapid growth and significant amplification of phenotypic characteristics, and facilitating the screening and cultivation of excellent varieties. Further combined with a crop growth digital twin system based on deep learning, the growth status of crops is simulated and predicted in real time. By integrating environmental data with crop phenotypic information, the system can dynamically optimize cultivation parameters such as light, temperature, water, fertilizer, and gas, as well as physical processing data, to achieve an efficient breeding process of 4 to 5 generations a year, significantly shorten the breeding cycle, and improve breeding efficiency.

[0038] (2) The present invention realizes efficient breeding through gradient electric field and time-sharing control strategy: during the heading period, the upper high-voltage electric field (1000-1500V / m) promotes the growth of pollen tubes, and the lower layer maintains a weak field of 200-300V / m to protect the root system. The electric field is turned on at night to accelerate the elongation of pollen tubes, and the electric field is turned off during the day and the magnetized water system is started to make the root system Ca 2+ Absorption is increased by over 50%. The time-space separation strategy eliminates electromagnetic interference, achieving the synergistic effect of "promoting development at night and maintaining metabolism during the day", shortening the generation cycle to 77.6±3 days / generation.

[0039] (3) The present invention forms an electric field gradient that is beneficial to the transport of photosynthetic products through the asymmetric layout of the upper and lower electrodes (the strong field in the upper layer promotes light reaction, and the weak field in the lower layer enhances root activity), which can promote photosynthesis and inhibit the reproduction of pathogenic microorganisms, thereby improving the disease resistance of crops.

[0040] (4) In the present invention, the space electric field can enhance the permeability of the cell membrane, so that the Ca in the atomized nutrient solution 2+ Mg 2+ It is easier to be absorbed, and the oxygen-rich water supply of the atomization system can alleviate the oxidative stress that may be caused by electric field treatment, such as the free radical accumulation effect.

[0041] (5) The present invention is based on a digital twin model, which simulates and predicts the growth status of wheat in real time. Based on environmental data and wheat phenotypic information, it dynamically regulates light, temperature, water, fertilizer, air parameters and physical field parameters to achieve the coordination of multiple physical fields, avoiding the problem of field intensity overload effect and bioelectrophysiological disorder in crops caused by the lack of coordination between different physical fields. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0042] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments described in the present invention. Those skilled in the art can also derive other drawings based on these drawings without inventive efforts.

[0043] Figure 1 1 is a flow chart of a wheat breeding method according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 2 is a flow chart of the in vitro cultivation method according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 3 1 is a flow chart of a method for extracting wheat phenotypic characteristics according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 4 It is a flow chart of a method for dynamically controlling greenhouse environmental parameters and physical processing data based on a digital twin model in a preferred embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0047] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0048] In the following description, many specific details are set forth to facilitate a full understanding of the present invention. However, the present invention may also be implemented in other ways different from those described herein. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0049] In the description of this application, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", etc., indicating the orientation or position relationship, are based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, it should not be understood as limiting the scope of protection of this application.

[0050] In the description of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "installed," "connected," and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, they can refer to fixed connections, detachable connections, or integral connections; they can refer to mechanical connections or electrical connections; they can refer to direct connections or indirect connections through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to internal connections between two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in this application based on specific circumstances.

[0051] like Figure 1 As shown, the present invention provides a wheat breeding and generation method, comprising the following steps:

[0052] S1. Separate tillers with three or more leaves and one or more roots from the mother plant;

[0053] S2. The tillers are fixed to the planting plate and cultivated in vitro using ultrasonic atomization cultivation technology, wherein a nutrient solution is generated by magnetizing flowing water and supplying oxygen-enriched water, and an ultrasonic atomizer is used to convert the nutrient solution into ultrafine droplets, which act on the tiller cuts in a targeted manner;

[0054] S3, applying a space electric field during the wheat seedling, tillering and heading stages;

[0055] S4. Real-time collection of environmental data and wheat phenotypic information, real-time simulation and prediction of wheat growth status based on the digital twin model, and dynamic regulation of greenhouse environmental parameters and physical processing data, including flow water magnetization parameters, atomization parameters, and spatial electric field parameters;

[0056] S5. When the number of wheat tillers is ≥3 and the root system reaches 5 cm, cut the new tillers into independent individuals and repeat steps S2 to S4 to cultivate the next generation.

[0057] The present invention provides a wheat breeding and generation method, in which in vitro materials such as root and tiller segments are placed in a greenhouse, and ultrasonic atomization cultivation technology is used to allow the in vitro materials to take root directly in an aerosol environment. The cut portion of the in vitro material is completely exposed to the aerosol above the planting plate and is in a suspended state, thereby providing minimal mechanical resistance to root development, promoting its rapid growth and significant amplification of phenotypic characteristics, and facilitating the screening and cultivation of excellent varieties. Further combined with a crop growth digital twin system based on deep learning, the growth status of crops is simulated and predicted in real time. By integrating environmental data (such as light, temperature, moisture, fertilizer, gas concentration, etc.) with crop phenotypic information, the system can dynamically optimize cultivation parameters such as light, temperature, water, fertilizer, and gas, as well as physical processing data, to achieve an efficient breeding process of 4 to 5 generations a year, significantly shorten the breeding cycle, and improve breeding efficiency.

[0058] Each step of the present invention is described in detail below.

[0059] Step S1: separating tillers with three or more leaves and one or more roots from a mother plant.

[0060] Tillers are the main reproductive organs of wheat. When selecting tillers, ensure they are healthy, free of pests and diseases, and in a period of vigorous growth (such as the jointing or heading stage). After separation, the tillers need to be surface disinfected, such as by soaking them in a carbendazim solution, to reduce the risk of microbial contamination.

[0061] When separating tillers, keep the complete leaves, stem nodes and root system. For tillers with weaker root systems, cut off some old roots and retain new roots to promote regeneration.

[0062] Step S2: fix the tiller on the planting plate and cultivate it in vitro using ultrasonic atomization cultivation technology, wherein the nutrient solution is generated by flowing water magnetization and oxygen-enriched water supply, and the ultrasonic atomizer is used to convert the nutrient solution into ultrafine droplets, which act on the tiller incision in a targeted manner.

[0063] The planting board is made of lightweight polypropylene material, with planting holes with a diameter of 3 to 5 mm evenly distributed on the board surface and a hole spacing of 5 to 8 cm to ensure that the tillers do not block each other's light; the base of the tiller is fixed in the planting hole by a sponge, so that the incision part is completely suspended and exposed to the space above the planting board, avoiding contact with liquid water and reducing the risk of rot.

[0064] Before tillers survive and multiple roots grow from the incisions, maintain the temperature in the greenhouse at 25±1°C, relative humidity at 80% to 85%, and light intensity at 200 to 300 μmol / (m 2 ·s) (white LED light source) with a photoperiod of 14 h light / 10 h dark to simulate the optimal growth conditions.

[0065] like Figure 2 As shown, the method for in vitro cultivation using ultrasonic atomization cultivation technology comprises the following steps:

[0066] Step S21: Magnetize the flowing water using a spiral magnetizing tube with an inner diameter of 10-15 mm. Multiple groups of NdFeB permanent magnets with alternating N-N poles (magnetic field strength 0.3-0.5 T) are embedded in the tube wall. A spiral guide groove is set outside the tube to extend the water flow path to 1.8 m. After the water flows through the alternating magnetic field, the particle size of the water molecule clusters is reduced to ≤50 nm, the permeability is improved, and the root system is promoted to absorb Ca 2+ Mg 2 + The absorption of plasma activates the cell membrane H + -ATPase activity, accelerating the formation of tillering incision callus.

[0067] Step S22: Oxygen-enriched water is used to construct a gas-liquid mixer based on the Venturi effect. A high-pressure water flow (flow rate of 2.5 L / min) generates negative pressure at the throat, and air or pure oxygen is inhaled; the mixed gas is broken into microbubbles by a nano-titanium alloy aeration disk (pore size 80 nm), so that the dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration is increased to 10±2 mg / L.

[0068] Step S23: A high-phosphorus formula of the nutrient solution (MS+0.5mg / L NAA+0.1mg / L 6-BAP) is used to promote root development. Magnetized water, oxygen-enriched water, and the nutrient solution are mixed.

[0069] Step S24, using an ultrasonic atomizer to convert the magnetized oxygen-enriched nutrient solution into ultrafine droplets with a particle size of 1 to 20 μm (atomization frequency 2.0 to 2.4 MHz), and covering the tillering incision through a directional nozzle in an intermittent spray mode of 5 to 15 seconds per time; the droplets form a nanoscale water film on the surface of the incision to maintain a high humidity environment, while promoting oxygen diffusion through gas-liquid interface exchange, inducing adventitious root primordia to differentiate into a robust root system.

[0070] It is worth noting that after the in vitro material grows a strong root system, the planting plate is turned over with the roots facing downward, and the ultrasonic atomization technology is used for subsequent breeding and generation. Specifically:

[0071] Seedling stage: Maintain high-frequency atomization (2.4MHz, droplet size 1-10μm), spraying once every 5 seconds to ensure that the new root system is moistened;

[0072] From tillering to heading stage: reduce the frequency of atomization to once every 30 seconds and increase the droplet size (1-20 μm) to simulate the natural dew environment and promote photosynthesis of stems and leaves.

[0073] By continuing ultrasonic atomization culture, the root system can be maintained in a low mechanical resistance aerosol environment for continuous growth, avoiding the hypoxia of hydroponics or the physical constraints of substrate culture; and the droplet size can be regulated at different growth stages to balance the water absorption needs of the roots and the transpiration needs of the stems and leaves, thereby increasing the number of tillers per plant.

[0074] Step S3: applying a spatial electric field during the wheat seedling stage, tillering stage, and heading stage.

[0075] The space electric field adopts a double-layer mesh electrode structure, with the upper electrode 50cm away from the top of the canopy and the lower electrode 30cm below the planting plate. The electrodes are isolated from the greenhouse structure by insulating brackets to avoid leakage risks and are equipped with a 0-50kV adjustable DC power supply. Specific space electric field treatment methods include:

[0076] A) Seedling stage (from emergence to three-leaf stage): Apply a positive DC electric field with a field strength of 200-300 V / m from 8:00 to 12:00 daily for 4 hours, with a 20-minute interval. The weak electric field stimulates cell membrane depolarization and accelerates Ca2+ Inward flow promotes coleoptile elongation and primary root meristem activation.

[0077] B) During the tillering stage (three leaves to jointing), electric field strength was applied twice daily, at 6:00-8:00 AM and 4:00-18:00 PM. The upper field strength was 500-800 V / m, and a negative polarity DC electric field was applied with a gradient voltage increase (initial 200 V / m, increasing by 100 V / m every 30 minutes). The lower field strength was 200-300 V / m. This enhanced electric field suppressed apical dominance, promoted lateral transport of axillary auxin (IAA), and induced tiller primordium differentiation.

[0078] C) During the heading period (from ear formation to flowering), the control panel is closed from 6:00 PM to 6:00 AM the following day. The upper field strength is 1000-1500 V / m, the lower field strength is 200-300 V / m, and an alternating electric field (frequency 1-5 Hz, square wave duty cycle 50%) is used. This high-frequency alternating electric field promotes directional growth of pollen tubes and nutrient transport to the ear, shortening the interval from heading to flowering.

[0079] It is worth noting that the spatial electric field during the heading period was changed from a uniform field to a gradient field. The upper layer output high-voltage field strength to promote pollen tube growth, and the lower layer field strength was maintained at 200-300 V / m to avoid interfering with the magnetized water effect in the root zone.

[0080] During the period of applying the space electric field, the magnetized water flow was turned off and only the ultrasonic atomizer was kept running at a low frequency (30 seconds / time, particle size 10-20 μm) to avoid direct interference of the space electric field on the magnetized water. From 6:00 to 18:00 every day, the space electric field was turned off and the magnetized water circulation and high-frequency atomization (2.4 MHz, particle size 1-10 μm) were enabled to ensure that the root Ca 2+ absorb.

[0081] During the heading stage, the electric field directly promotes pollen tube elongation through physical interaction at low nighttime temperatures, compensating for the slowdown in metabolism. Meanwhile, during the daytime photosynthesis peak, magnetized water optimizes root absorption capacity to meet the high demand for water and nutrients during photosynthesis. This spatiotemporally separated, coordinated control strategy not only eliminates the mutual interference between the electric field and magnetized water, but also fully leverages the independent advantages of each, providing a highly efficient coordinated regulation solution for wheat breeding and generation.

[0082] Through the specific setting of the above-mentioned spatial electric field and the corresponding coordinated control of water flow magnetization and ultrasonic atomization, an efficient and stable coordinated regulation method is provided for wheat breeding and generation, solving the following problems:

[0083] 1) The high-intensity electric field (greater than 1000 V / m) during the heading period will interfere with the orderly arrangement of magnetized water molecules, weaken the permeability improvement effect of magnetized water (the particle size of water molecule clusters rebounds from ≤50 nm to 80-100 nm), and lead to the increase of root Ca 2+The decrease in absorption efficiency will have the following effects on wheat during the heading period:

[0084] 1.1) As the molecular clusters of magnetized water increase, the root system's resistance to water absorption increases, and the transport rate of nutrient solution in the duct decreases, delaying the transport of photosynthetic products (such as sucrose) to the ear, resulting in insufficient grain filling and reduced 1000-grain weight.

[0085] 1.2) Ca 2+ It is a key ion for pollen tube elongation, cell wall stabilization (calcium bridge formation), and signal transduction. A lack of Ca2+ can lead to stunted pollen tube growth and insufficient cob cell wall strength, leading to reduced kernel number and shrunken grains.

[0086] 2) High-intensity spatial electric fields during the heading period can charge the surface of some droplets (especially alternating electric fields, which cause periodic changes in charge polarity). These charged droplets are deflected by the electric field and deviate from the designed path of the directional nozzle, preventing precise root coverage. This leads to uneven local nutrient solution concentration, excessive droplet accumulation in some areas, and insufficient supply in the target area. This droplet deviation prevents the ear from receiving sufficient phosphorus, potassium, and other key elements. This hinders the transport of photosynthetic products to the grains during the grain-filling period, resulting in grain shrinkage and a decrease in thousand-grain weight.

[0087] It should be noted that the space electric field can enhance the permeability of cell membranes, making the Ca in the atomized nutrient solution 2+ Mg 2+ It is easier to be absorbed, and the oxygen-rich water supply of the atomization system can alleviate the oxidative stress (such as free radical accumulation) that may be caused by electric field treatment.

[0088] Step S4: Real-time collection of environmental data and wheat phenotypic information, real-time simulation and prediction of wheat growth status based on the digital twin model, and dynamic regulation of greenhouse environmental parameters and physical processing data, including: water magnetization parameters, atomization parameters, and spatial electric field parameters.

[0089] In other words, based on the digital twin model, the wheat growth status can be simulated and predicted in real time, and based on environmental data and wheat phenotypic information, the light, temperature, water, fertilizer, air parameters and physical processing data can be dynamically adjusted to achieve the coordination of multiple physical processing.

[0090] Temperature, humidity, gas sensors and high-definition cameras are installed in the greenhouse. The gas sensors are used to monitor the concentration of carbon dioxide gas, and the high-definition cameras are used to obtain images of the wheat appearance and then analyze the corresponding phenotypic information.

[0091] It should be noted that the high-definition camera takes pictures once a day during the growth period, and three times a day during the critical period of tillering and heading. The shooting angles are set to a dual perspective of top view and 45° side view.

[0092] Image-based wheat phenotypic feature extraction, specifically:

[0093] Plant height: side view image ruler method + background grid correction;

[0094] Leaf area: pixel segmentation (HSV color space threshold method);

[0095] Tiller number: morphological operations, connected domain counting;

[0096] Heading progress: analysis of pixel ratio in the ear area;

[0097] Leaf color value: RGB channel ratio (G / R, G / B).

[0098] like Figure 3 As shown, the wheat phenotypic feature extraction method includes the following steps:

[0099] Step S411: input an original image captured by a high-definition camera and perform image preprocessing on it, including dedistortion / white balance.

[0100] Step S412: judging whether the wheat is currently in the vegetative growth stage (tillering stage, jointing stage) or the reproductive growth stage (flowering stage, grain filling stage) based on the pre-processed image.

[0101] Step S413: perform plant height / tiller number analysis during the vegetative growth period, and ear identification / heading counting during the reproductive growth period. The analyzed data are normalized and stored and input into the digital twin model.

[0102] like Figure 4 As shown, the method for dynamically controlling greenhouse environmental parameters and physical processing data based on the digital twin model includes:

[0103] Step S421: Acquire real-time environmental data, wheat phenotypic information, and physical processing data, use a temporal convolutional network (TCN) to model the environmental data, phenotypic information, and physical processing data of the past 7 days, extract time series features, and output predicted values ​​of plant height, leaf area, tiller number, and heading rate for the next 3 days.

[0104] Among them, environmental data include: temperature, humidity, light, and carbon dioxide concentration; phenotypic information includes: plant height, leaf area, number of tillers, heading rate, and leaf color value; physical processing data include: water magnetization parameters (magnetic field intensity 0.3-0.5T, water flow path 1.8m), atomization parameters (frequency 2.0-2.4MHz, particle size 1-20μm), and spatial electric field parameters (field strength 200-1500V / m, polarity and frequency mode).

[0105] Step S422: The preset expert program calls the preset parameter combination in the expert program based on the current wheat growth stage, and analyzes the current wheat growth requirements in combination with the predicted value and phenotypic information output in step S421.

[0106] Expert programs are based on scientific parameters derived from extensive testing by experts in the field, which are then pre-programmed into a program module. This expert program module is executed by the greenhouse control system. Based on growth characteristics and analysis of growth requirements, the optimal growth and development parameters for different stages are programmed into a dedicated program module. This provides differentiated and targeted expert guidance, achieving the optimal combination of environmental parameters and fulfilling the function of expert-guided cultivation.

[0107] Step S423: Based on the data required for wheat growth analyzed in step S422, a multi-objective optimization algorithm is used to dynamically optimize light, temperature, water, fertilizer, air parameters and physical processing data so that the configuration of environmental factors is always optimized.

[0108] Through the above steps, the efficiency and stability of wheat breeding and generation in the greenhouse can be improved, breaking the seasonal restrictions, realizing "automated" operation, and stable factory-based and year-round production.

[0109] Step S5: When the number of wheat tillers is ≥3 and the root system reaches 5 cm, the new tillers are cut into independent individuals, and steps S2 to S4 are repeated to cultivate the next generation.

[0110] The number of wheat tillers ≥3 ensures that the new tillers have enough tillering nodes (leaf axils) to support independent growth, and the root system length is selected to be ≥5cm, which means it must have a certain degree of maturity to absorb water and nutrients and ensure survival rate after cutting.

[0111] The cutting method of new tillers includes: using a sterilized sharp knife (such as alcohol-soaked stainless steel scissors) to make oblique cuts at the base of the tiller (near the stem node of the mother plant), with an incision angle of about 30° to 45° to increase the contact area and reduce mechanical damage. It is important to retain the complete leaves (at least 2 true leaves) and stem nodes of the tiller during cutting to avoid damaging the main stem or adjacent tillers.

[0112] Through tiller cutting and repeated cultivation, a single wheat plant can contribute 3 to 5 independent tiller individuals, achieving a breeding process of 4 to 5 generations per year.

[0113] The following is a performance test of the space electric field implementation scheme.

[0114] Test materials: Zhengmai 1860 was used as the mother plant, and its tillers (3 leaves and 1 root, all taken from healthy plants at the jointing stage) were taken, with 300 plants in each group and 3 biological replicates (9 groups × 300 plants = 2700 plants in total).

[0115] Greenhouse basic conditions:

[0116] Temperature: 25±1℃ day / 18±1℃ night;

[0117] Humidity: 80±5%;

[0118] Light: LED white light, 200 μmol / (m 2 ·s), photoperiod 14h / 10h;

[0119] CO2 concentration: 800±50ppm (intelligent replenishment);

[0120] Nutrient solution formula: MS + 0.5 mg / L NAA + 0.1 mg / L 6-BAP (pH 6.0).

[0121] Experimental period: From tillering and planting to grain maturity, growth data were recorded throughout the entire process.

[0122] The following are the experimental groups.

[0123] Group 1: 250 V / m positive polarity during the seedling stage, upper field strength increased from 200 V / m to 800 V / m negative polarity during the tillering stage, and upper field strength of 1200 V / m alternating at 1 Hz during the heading stage. Among them, the lower field strength during the tillering and heading stages was 250 V / m; magnetized water was supplied from 6:00 to 18:00 during the heading stage; atomized particle size was dynamically controlled (1-5 μm for seedlings → 10-20 μm for heading).

[0124] Group 2: 300 V / m positive polarity during the seedling stage, upper field strength increased from 200 V / m to 800 V / m negative polarity during the tillering stage, and upper field strength of 1500 V / m alternating at 1 Hz during the heading stage. Among them, the lower field strength during the tillering and heading stages was 300 V / m; magnetized water was supplied from 6:00 to 18:00 during the heading stage; atomized particle size was dynamically controlled (1-5 μm for seedlings → 10-20 μm for heading).

[0125] Group 3: Seedling stage: 200 V / m positive polarity, upper field strength increased from 200 V / m to 800 V / m negative polarity during the tillering stage, and upper field strength of 1000 V / m alternating at 1 Hz during the heading stage. Among them, the lower field strength during the tillering and heading stages was 200 V / m; magnetized water supply period during the heading stage was 6:00-18:00; atomized particle size was dynamically controlled (1-5 μm for seedlings → 10-20 μm for heading).

[0126] Group 4: 250 V / m positive polarity during the seedling stage, field strength increased from 200 V / m to 800 V / m negative polarity during the tillering stage, and 1200 V / m alternating at 1 Hz during the heading stage; magnetized water supply period during the heading stage was 6:00-18:00; atomized particle size was dynamically controlled (1-5 μm for seedlings → 10-20 μm for heading).

[0127] Group 5: 250 V / m positive polarity during the seedling stage, 250 V / m negative polarity during the tillering stage, and 250 V / m alternating at 1 Hz during the heading stage; magnetized water supply period during the heading stage was 6:00-18:00; atomized particle size was dynamically controlled (1-5 μm for seedlings → 10-20 μm for heading).

[0128] Group 6: 250 V / m positive polarity during the seedling stage, upper field strength increased from 200 V / m to 800 V / m negative polarity during the tillering stage, and upper field strength of 1200 V / m alternating at 1 Hz during the heading stage. Among them, the lower field strength during the tillering and heading stages was 250 V / m; magnetized water was supplied throughout the day; atomized particle size was dynamically controlled (1-5 μm for seedlings → 10-20 μm for heading).

[0129] During the tillering stage, the number of tillers was detected and recorded (manual counting); during the heading stage, the pollen tube growth rate (aniline blue staining + fluorescence microscope), the Ca content of the panicle were detected and recorded. 2+ content (atomic absorption spectroscopy); at maturity, the thousand-grain weight (electronic balance), grain protein content (Kjeldahl method) and generation cycle were detected and recorded.

[0130] The test results are shown in Table 1 below.

[0131] Table 1. Summary of experimental results

[0132]

[0133] As shown in Table 1 above, Group 1 performed best in the experiment. 2+ Efficient accumulation promotes grain filling. At the same time, magnetized water increases the activity of nitrogen metabolism enzymes and the rate of protein synthesis. The intergenerational cycle reaches about 76 days per generation, achieving 4 to 5 generations per year, meeting the demand for rapid generation. The uniform electric field of 1200V / m implemented in Group 4 during the heading period caused interference with the molecular arrangement of magnetized water due to its high-intensity spatial electric field, and the particle size of water molecule clusters increased, resulting in the Ca content of wheat roots in the group. 2+ The absorption efficiency decreased, the tiller number decreased by 26.9% compared with group 1, and the Ca content of the panicle decreased by 26.9%. 2+ The content decreased by 39.1%. In Group 5, a uniform electric field of 250V / m was applied throughout the process, which made it impossible to gradient-regulate the distribution of IAA. The apical dominance was not broken, and the number of tillers decreased by 21.1% compared with Group 1. Although the magnetized water did not affect the heading period, the lower field strength could not promote the directional growth of pollen tubes and nutrient transport. Therefore, the pollen tube growth rate decreased by 41.9% compared with Group 1. The magnetized water in Group 6 operated synchronously with the electric field, and the water molecule clusters rebounded to 68±5nm, which was significantly smaller than the root Ca content in Group 1. 2+ The absorption rate decreased by 46.6% and the protein content decreased by 15.4%.

[0134] It can be seen that the present invention achieves efficient breeding through gradient electric field and time-sharing control strategy: the upper high-voltage electric field (1000-1500V / m) promotes pollen tube growth during the heading period, and the lower layer maintains a weak field of 200-300V / m to protect the root system. The electric field is turned on at night to accelerate the elongation of pollen tubes, and the electric field is turned off during the day and the magnetized water system is activated to make the root system Ca 2+ Absorption is increased by over 50%. The time-space separation strategy eliminates electromagnetic interference, achieving the synergistic effect of "promoting development at night and maintaining metabolism during the day", shortening the generation cycle to 77.6±3 days / generation.

[0135] The above description is based on the ideal embodiment of the present invention. Based on the above description, relevant personnel can make various changes and modifications without departing from the technical scope of this invention. The technical scope of this invention is not limited to the content of the specification and must be determined according to the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A wheat breeding method, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Separate tillers with three or more leaves and one or more roots from the mother plant; S2. Fixing the tillers on a planting plate and cultivating them in vitro using ultrasonic atomization cultivation technology, wherein a nutrient solution is generated by magnetizing flowing water and supplying oxygen-enriched water, and an ultrasonic atomizer is used to convert the nutrient solution into ultrafine droplets, which act on the tiller cuts in a targeted manner; S3, applying a space electric field during the wheat seedling, tillering and heading stages; S4. Real-time collection of environmental data and wheat phenotypic information, real-time simulation and prediction of wheat growth status based on the digital twin model, and dynamic regulation of greenhouse environmental parameters and physical processing data, including flow water magnetization parameters, atomization parameters, and spatial electric field parameters; S5. Cut the newly grown tillers into independent individuals and repeat steps S2 to S4 to cultivate the next generation.

2. A wheat breeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method for in vitro cultivation using ultrasonic atomization cultivation technology comprises: S21, using a spiral magnetizing tube, with multiple groups of NdFeB permanent magnets with alternating N-S poles embedded in the tube wall, with a magnetic field strength of 0.3 to 0.5 T. After the water flows through the alternating magnetic field, magnetized water is obtained; S22. A gas-liquid mixer is constructed based on the Venturi effect. High-pressure water flow creates negative pressure at the throat to draw in air or pure oxygen. The mixed gas is broken into microbubbles by a nano-titanium alloy aeration disk to produce oxygen-enriched water. S23, mixing the magnetized water, oxygen-enriched water and nutrient solution; S24. Use an ultrasonic atomizer to convert the mixed nutrient solution into ultrafine droplets, and use a directional nozzle to cover the tillering cut in an intermittent spray mode of 5 to 15 seconds per time.

3. A wheat breeding method according to claim 2, characterized in that: After the tillers have grown robust root systems, the planting plate is turned over with the roots facing downward and ultrasonic atomization is continued, including: During the seedling stage, the atomization frequency is 2.0-2.4 MHz, the droplet size is 1-10 μm, and the spraying is performed every 5-15 seconds; Spray once every 30 to 40 seconds from tillering to heading stage, with droplet size of 1 to 20 μm.

4. The wheat breeding method according to claim 1, wherein: The spatial electric field adopts an upper and lower double-layer mesh electrode structure, and the processing method of the spatial electric field includes: During the seedling stage, the field strength was 200-300 V / m and applied continuously for 4 hours from 8:00 to 12:00 every day; During the tillering period, the field strength was applied twice a day from 6:00 to 8:00 and from 16:00 to 18:00, with an upper field strength of 500 to 800 V / m using a gradient boost, and a lower field strength of 200 to 300 V / m; During the heading period, it is closed from 18:00 to 6:00 the next day. The upper field strength is 1000-1500V / m, and the lower field strength is 200-300V / m.

5. The wheat breeding method according to claim 4, wherein: During the period of applying the spatial electric field at the heading stage, the magnetized water flow is turned off to maintain low-frequency operation of the atomization.

6. The wheat breeding method according to claim 1, wherein: Temperature, humidity, gas sensors and high-definition cameras are installed in the greenhouse; The gas sensor is used to monitor the concentration of carbon dioxide gas, and the high-definition camera is used to obtain images of the wheat appearance and analyze the corresponding phenotypic information.

7. The wheat breeding method according to claim 1, wherein: Wheat phenotypic feature extraction method, including: S411, inputting the original image captured by the high-definition camera and performing image preprocessing on it, including dedistortion / white balance; S412: judging whether the current wheat stage is the tillering stage, the jointing stage, the flowering stage, or the grain filling stage based on the preprocessed image; S413: Plant height / tiller number analysis is performed during the tillering and jointing stages, and ear identification / heading counting is performed during the flowering and filling stages. The analyzed data are normalized and stored and input into the digital twin model.

8. The wheat breeding method according to claim 1, wherein: In S4, the method for dynamically controlling greenhouse environmental parameters and physical processing data based on the digital twin model includes: S421. Acquire real-time environmental data, wheat phenotypic information, and physical processing data, use a temporal convolutional network to model past environmental data, phenotypic information, and physical processing data, extract time series features, and output future predicted values ​​of plant height, leaf area, tiller number, and heading rate; S422: The preset expert program calls the preset parameter combination in the expert program based on the current wheat growth stage, and analyzes the current wheat growth requirements in combination with the predicted value and phenotypic information outputted in S421; S423. Based on the data required for wheat growth analyzed in S422, a multi-objective optimization algorithm is used to dynamically optimize light, temperature, water, fertilizer, air parameters and physical treatment data so that the configuration of environmental factors is always optimized.

9. The wheat breeding method according to claim 1, wherein: In S5, tiller cutting is performed when the number of wheat tillers is ≥3 and the root system reaches 5 cm.

10. The wheat breeding method according to claim 1, wherein: The phenotypic information includes: plant height, leaf area, tiller number, heading rate and leaf color value.

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