Penaeus vannamei feed prepared from degreased hermetia illucens powder fed with kitchen waste

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of animal feeds, and particularly discloses a penaeus vannamei feed prepared from degreased hermetia illucens powder fed by kitchen waste. The feed is prepared from fish meal, defatted hermetia illucens powder, corn protein powder, soybean meal, peanut powder, flour, krill meal, beer yeast, fish oil, soybean oil, soybean lecithin, vitamin premix, mineral premix, choline, calcium phosphate, vitamin C ester, lysine (78%), methionine, threonine, sodium alginate, coenzyme Q10 and a food calling adhesive. The prawn feed can reduce the feed coefficient, increase the weight gain rate of prawns, improve the growth performance of the prawns and regulate intestinal flora of the prawns, has better effects of increasing the yield and promoting health on the penaeus vannamei, can realize conversion from kitchen waste to high-quality insect protein on one hand, and can be used for improving the quality of the penaeus vannamei on the other hand; the dosage of fish meal in the traditional prawn feed is reduced, the feeding cost is reduced, the immunity and oxidation resistance of prawns are enhanced, and the yield and efficiency are increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of animal feed, and in particular relates to a whiteleg shrimp feed prepared from defatted black soldier fly powder fed with kitchen waste. Background Art

[0002] Aquaculture, one of the fastest-growing sectors in the global food industry, is increasingly becoming a key force in achieving the UN Sustainable Development Goals. In 2022, global aquaculture production reached 130.9 million tons, accounting for 51% of total aquatic animal production, surpassing capture fisheries for the first time and becoming the primary aquatic animal production sector. Since 2000, my country has been the world's largest aquaculture producer. In 2017 alone, my country accounted for 58% of global aquaculture volume and 59% of global aquatic output value. In 2022, my country maintained its position as the leading producer, contributing 36% of total production. Fishmeal is the primary ingredient in aquatic feed, with the global aquaculture industry consuming 68.2% of total fishmeal production and 88.5% of total fish oil production. However, global climate change and rising fishmeal and fish oil prices pose significant challenges to the sustainable ecological and economic development of the aquaculture industry.

[0003] Insect protein has gradually become an important research direction for replacing fish meal due to its high conversion rate and rich nutritional content. Among them, the black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) has attracted much attention for its high protein, balanced amino acid nutrition and various functional ingredients (such as antimicrobial peptides). Black soldier flies use organic waste such as food waste as feed, achieving efficient utilization and environmentally friendly treatment of waste resources, which not only reduces breeding costs but also reduces environmental pollution. The defatted black soldier fly meal that has been processed contains high-quality protein and fatty acids, and is particularly suitable as a feed ingredient for aquatic animals. Studies have shown that the use of defatted black soldier fly meal in the feed of whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) can effectively replace fish meal, improve the growth performance of shrimp, improve the intestinal health of shrimp, and enhance the immunity and antioxidant capacity of shrimp, while reducing feed costs and negative impacts on the environment.

[0004] In summary, the price of traditional fish meal, the main ingredient in whiteleg shrimp feed, continues to rise, severely squeezing the profit margin of aquaculture and bringing huge economic pressure to aquaculture. In addition, the traditional fish meal as a base material has a single function for whiteleg shrimp farming and is inconvenient to improve the shrimp's immunity and antioxidant capacity. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The object of the present invention is to provide a feed for whiteleg shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) prepared from defatted black soldier fly powder fed with kitchen waste, so as to solve the problems raised in the above background technology.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] The invention discloses a feed for whiteleg shrimps prepared from defatted black soldier fly meal fed with kitchen waste. The feed comprises fish meal, defatted black soldier fly meal, corn gluten meal, soybean meal, peanut meal, flour, krill meal, brewer's yeast, fish oil, soybean oil, soybean lecithin, vitamin premix, mineral premix, choline, calcium phosphate, vitamin C ester, lysine (78%), methionine, threonine, sodium alginate, coenzyme Q10, and an attractant adhesive.

[0008] Preferably, the feed per kg mass consists of 120 parts of fish meal, 80 parts of defatted black soldier fly powder, 19 parts of corn gluten meal, 280 parts of soybean meal, 120 parts of peanut powder, 234 parts of flour, 20 parts of krill meal, 40 parts of brewer's yeast, 4.4 parts of fish oil, 4.4 parts of soybean oil, 10 parts of soybean lecithin, 10 parts of vitamin premix, 10 parts of mineral premix, 5 parts of choline, 17 parts of calcium phosphate, 1 part of vitamin C ester, 5.8 parts of lysine (78%), 3.2 parts of methionine, 4.1 parts of threonine, 10 parts of sodium alginate, 0.1 parts of coenzyme Q10, and 2 parts of attractant adhesive.

[0009] The invention discloses a feed for whiteleg shrimps prepared from defatted black soldier fly meal fed with food waste. The defatted black soldier fly meal is prepared from black soldier fly larvae produced using food waste as a feeding substrate. The larvae are defatted, dried and ground into meal. The meal has a crude protein content of 58%, a crude fat content of 8% and a crude fiber content of 11%.

[0010] Preferably, each kilogram of the vitamin premix contains vitamin B1≥10g, vitamin B2≥10g, and vitamin B6≥10g.

[0011] Preferably, each kilogram of the mineral premix contains Ca≥199 mg, Mg≥64.8 mg, Fe≥6.27 mg, and Zn≥3.46 mg.

[0012] A method for preparing a feed for whiteleg shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) prepared from defatted black soldier fly powder fed with kitchen waste comprises the following steps:

[0013] Step 1: Evenly mix the raw materials except fish oil, soybean oil, vitamin premix, and mineral premix, and grind them with a grinder until the mixture can pass through an 80-mesh sieve;

[0014] Step 2: Add fish oil, soybean oil, vitamin premix and mineral premix to the crushed mixture in step 1 and mix well;

[0015] Step 3: adding 15% to 20% by weight of water, mixing and granulating;

[0016] Step 4: The prepared granules are post-cured in an oven at 105° C. for 10 minutes and then air-dried in a cool place to obtain the finished product.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0018] This invention utilizes food waste to feed black soldier flies, effectively repurposing waste. The production cost of defatted black soldier fly meal is lower than that of traditional fish meal, significantly reducing overall feed production costs and improving economic benefits. As a high-quality protein source, defatted black soldier fly meal can partially replace fish meal, reducing dependence on limited fish meal resources and mitigating the impact of fish meal price fluctuations on feed costs, while ensuring the nutritional needs of shrimp.

[0019] 2. The feed of the present invention can improve the growth performance of shrimp and improve the intestinal flora. The defatted black soldier fly powder is rich in high-quality protein, which can promote the growth of whiteleg shrimp, increase the weight gain rate of shrimp, and reduce the feed coefficient.

[0020] 3. The feed of the present invention can improve the immunity and antioxidant capacity of shrimp, help shrimp better resist infection by pathogens (such as bacteria, viruses and parasites), reduce the risk of disease outbreaks, reduce the damage to cells caused by oxidative stress, and reduce the risk of antibiotic residues and drug resistance. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the species composition of shrimp intestinal flora in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the importance ranking of shrimp intestinal flora after the shrimp breeding experiment in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the comparison of gene expression differences in the shrimp hepatopancreas transcriptome between the control group and Example 1 in the examples of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0025] Example 1:

[0026] Example 1, (DBSFLM40) A whiteleg shrimp feed prepared by defatted black soldier fly meal fed with restaurant kitchen waste, comprising 120 parts of fish meal, 80 parts of defatted black soldier fly meal, 19 parts of corn gluten meal, 280 parts of soybean meal, 120 parts of peanut powder, 234 parts of flour, 20 parts of krill meal, 40 parts of brewer's yeast, 4.4 parts of fish oil, 4.4 parts of soybean oil, 10 parts of soybean lecithin, 10 parts of vitamin premix, 10 parts of mineral premix, 5 parts of choline, 17 parts of calcium phosphate, 1 part of vitamin C ester, 5.8 parts of lysine (78%), 3.2 parts of methionine, 4.1 parts of threonine, 10 parts of sodium alginate, 0.1 parts of coenzyme Q10, and 2 parts of attractant adhesive per 1 kg.

[0027] The preparation method comprises the following steps: 1. uniformly mixing the raw materials except fish oil, soybean oil, vitamin premix, and mineral premix, and crushing the mixture with a grinder until the mixture can pass through an 80-mesh sieve;

[0028] Step 2: Add fish oil, soybean oil, vitamin premix and mineral premix to the crushed mixture in step 1 and mix well;

[0029] Step 3: adding 15% to 20% by weight of water, mixing and granulating;

[0030] Step 4: The prepared granules are post-cured in an oven at 105° C. for 10 minutes and then air-dried in a cool place to obtain the finished product.

[0031] Example 2, (DBSFLM20) A whiteleg shrimp feed prepared with defatted black soldier fly meal fed with kitchen waste, comprising 160 parts of fish meal, 40 parts of defatted black soldier fly meal, 10 parts of corn gluten meal, 280 parts of soybean meal, 120 parts of peanut powder, 234.7 parts of flour, 20 parts of krill meal, 40 parts of brewer's yeast, 9.7 parts of fish oil, 9.7 parts of soybean oil, 10 parts of soybean lecithin, 10 parts of vitamin premix, 10 parts of mineral premix, 5 parts of choline, 17 parts of calcium phosphate, 1 part of vitamin C ester, 4.3 parts of lysine (78%), 2.8 parts of methionine, 3.7 parts of threonine, 10 parts of sodium alginate, 0.1 parts of coenzyme Q10, and 2 parts of attractant adhesive per 1 kg.

[0032] Example 3, (DBSFLM30) provides a whiteleg shrimp feed prepared with defatted black soldier fly meal fed with kitchen waste, which contains 140 parts of fish meal, 60 parts of defatted black soldier fly meal, 14 parts of corn gluten meal, 280 parts of soybean meal, 120 parts of peanut powder, 234.9 parts of flour, 20 parts of krill meal, 40 parts of brewer's yeast, 7 parts of fish oil, 7 parts of soybean oil, 10 parts of soybean lecithin, 10 parts of vitamin premix, 10 parts of mineral premix, 5 parts of choline, 17 parts of calcium phosphate, 1 part of vitamin C ester, 5.1 parts of lysine (78%), 3 parts of methionine, 3.9 parts of threonine, 10 parts of sodium alginate, 0.1 parts of coenzyme Q10, and 2 parts of attractant adhesive per 1 kg.

[0033] Example 4, (DBSFLM50) provides a whiteleg shrimp feed prepared by defatted black soldier fly meal fed with kitchen waste, which contains 100 parts of fish meal, 100 parts of defatted black soldier fly meal, 23 parts of corn gluten meal, 280 parts of soybean meal, 120 parts of peanut powder, 234 parts of flour, 20 parts of krill meal, 40 parts of brewer's yeast, 1.8 parts of fish oil, 1.8 parts of soybean oil, 10 parts of soybean lecithin, 10 parts of vitamin premix, 10 parts of mineral premix, 5 parts of choline, 17 parts of calcium phosphate, 1 part of vitamin C ester, 6.5 parts of lysine (78%), 3.4 parts of methionine, 4.4 parts of threonine, 10 parts of sodium alginate, 0.1 parts of coenzyme Q100, and 2 parts of attractant adhesive per 1 kg.

[0034] Comparative Example (DBSFLM0) Traditional Vannamei shrimp feed formula without defatted black soldier fly powder

[0035] The invention discloses a traditional whiteleg shrimp feed formula without defatted black soldier fly meal. The feed comprises, per 1kg, 200 parts of fish meal, 0 parts of defatted black soldier fly meal, 0 parts of corn gluten meal, 280 parts of soybean meal, 120 parts of peanut meal, 236.3 parts of flour, 20 parts of krill meal, 40 parts of brewer's yeast, 15 parts of fish oil, 15 parts of soybean oil, 10 parts of soybean lecithin, 10 parts of vitamin premix, 10 parts of mineral premix, 5 parts of choline, 17 parts of calcium phosphate, 1 part of vitamin C ester, 3 parts of lysine (78%), 2.4 parts of methionine, 3.2 parts of threonine, 10 parts of sodium alginate, 0.1 parts of coenzyme Q100, and 2 parts of an attractant adhesive.

[0036] Each kilogram of the vitamin premix in the above examples contains vitamin B1 ≥ 10 g, vitamin B2 ≥ 10 g, and vitamin B6 ≥ 10 g; and each kilogram of the mineral premix contains Ca ≥ 199 mg, Mg ≥ 64.8 mg, Fe ≥ 6.27 mg, and Zn ≥ 3.46 mg.

[0037] The defatted black soldier fly powder used is black soldier fly larvae produced using restaurant kitchen waste as a breeding substrate. The larvae are defatted, dried, and ground into powder, which has a crude protein content of 58%, a crude fat content of 8%, and a crude fiber content of 11%.

[0038] All other raw materials used are conventional raw materials and can be obtained from commercial channels.

[0039] The following examples provide the above-mentioned feed preparation method, and the steps are as follows:

[0040] Step 1: Evenly mix the raw materials except fish oil, soybean oil, vitamin premix, and mineral premix, and grind them with a grinder until the mixture can pass through an 80-mesh sieve;

[0041] Step 2: Add fish oil, soybean oil, vitamin premix and mineral premix to the crushed mixture in step 1 and mix well;

[0042] Step 3: adding 15% to 20% by weight of water, mixing and granulating;

[0043] Step 4: The prepared granules are post-cured in an oven at 105° C. for 10 minutes and then air-dried in a cool place to obtain the finished product.

[0044] Examples 1 to 4 were prepared to compare a whiteleg shrimp feed prepared with defatted black soldier fly meal fed with food waste with a commercial shrimp feed without fish meal in a control group. The whiteleg shrimp weighed 0.66 ± 0.02 g and were cultured for 8 weeks in a 200 L plastic water tank (81 cm × 60.5 cm × 59 cm). During the culture period, the water temperature was maintained at 27 ± 1°C, the dissolved oxygen content was ≥ 6 mg / L, the pH range was 7.9 to 8.2, the ammonia nitrogen content was ≤ 0.2 mg / L, and the salinity was 23.5 ppt. The water was changed by 60% daily and the shrimp was fed four times a day. After the feeding experiment, samples were taken after a 24-hour fast and statistical data was collected. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0045] Table 1

[0046]

[0047]

[0048] It can be seen from Table 1 that the whiteleg shrimp feed prepared in Example 1, which was prepared from defatted black soldier fly powder fed with kitchen waste, had higher survival rate and weight gain rate than the other experimental groups, and higher feed coefficient than the control group.

[0049] Figure 2Random forest analysis was used to identify the top ten species of importance to the intestinal flora of the experimental shrimp group after the shrimp feeding experiment. Among them, Rudgeria can maintain the balance of intestinal flora by competitively inhibiting the growth of pathogens (such as Vibrio); Pseudomonas can help decompose complex organic matter in the intestine and adapt to environmental changes; Poseidon can participate in the nitrogen cycle to help maintain nitrogen balance in the intestine and reduce oxidative stress in the shrimp intestine; Rhodomyces can participate in sulfur metabolism and maintain sulfur balance in the shrimp intestine.

[0050] Combine Figure 1 The species composition of the shrimp intestinal flora at the genus level showed that the proportions of Rudgeria, Pseudorugella, Poseidonia, and Rhodomyces in each experimental group were 12.4% (control group, DBSFLM0), 14.2% (Example 2, DBSFLM20), 26.1% (Example 3, DBSFLM30), 41.8% (Example 1, DBSFLM40), and 42.6% (Example 4, DBSFLM50), respectively.

[0051] Example 1 changed the structure of the shrimp intestinal flora. The above four beneficial bacteria became the key species and dominant species in the shrimp intestinal flora, indicating that Example 1 effectively improved the intestinal health of shrimp.

[0052] Catalase is an important antioxidant enzyme that protects cells from oxidative stress. Comparison of gene expression in the hepatopancreas transcriptome of shrimp from the control group and Example 1 revealed significantly higher expression levels of the upregulated gene catalase (LOC113829896) than in the control group, indicating that the shrimp fed Example 1 have enhanced immune and antioxidant capacity.

[0053] It will be appreciated that in the development of any actual embodiment, as in any engineering or design project, numerous implementation-specific decisions may be made. Such a development effort may be complex and time-consuming, but will, for those of ordinary skill having the benefit of this disclosure, be a routine undertaking of design, fabrication, and production without undue experimentation.

[0054] It should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present invention may be modified or replaced by equivalents without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, which should all be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A feed for whiteleg shrimp prepared from defatted black soldier fly powder fed with kitchen waste, characterized in that: The feed consists of fish meal, defatted black soldier fly meal, corn gluten meal, soybean meal, peanut meal, flour, krill meal, brewer's yeast, fish oil, soybean oil, soybean lecithin, vitamin premix, mineral premix, choline, calcium phosphate, vitamin C ester, lysine (78%), methionine, threonine, sodium alginate, coenzyme Q10, and an attractant adhesive.

2. The feed for whiteleg shrimp prepared from defatted black soldier fly powder fed with kitchen waste according to claim 1, characterized in that: The feed per kg consists of 120 parts by mass of fish meal, 80 parts by mass of defatted black soldier fly powder, 19 parts by mass of corn gluten meal, 280 parts by mass of soybean meal, 120 parts by mass of peanut powder, 234 parts by mass of flour, 20 parts by mass of krill meal, 40 parts by mass of brewer's yeast, 4.4 parts by mass of fish oil, 4.4 parts by mass of soybean oil, 10 parts by mass of soybean lecithin, 10 parts by mass of vitamin premix, 10 parts by mass of mineral premix, 5 parts by mass of choline, 17 parts by mass of calcium phosphate, 1 part by mass of vitamin C ester, 5.8 parts by mass of lysine (78%), 3.2 parts by mass of methionine, 4.1 parts by mass of threonine, 10 parts by mass of sodium alginate, 0.1 parts by mass of coenzyme Q10, and 2 parts by mass of an attractant adhesive.

3. The feed for whiteleg shrimp prepared from defatted black soldier fly powder fed with kitchen waste according to claim 1, characterized in that: The defatted black soldier fly powder is produced by using kitchen waste as a breeding substrate to produce black soldier fly larvae. The larvae are defatted, dried, and ground into powder, wherein the powder has a crude protein content of 58%, a crude fat content of 8%, and a crude fiber content of 11%.

4. The feed for whiteleg shrimp prepared from defatted black soldier fly powder fed with kitchen waste according to claim 1, characterized in that: Each kilogram of the vitamin premix contains vitamin B1≥10g, vitamin B2≥10g, and vitamin B6≥10g.

5. The feed for whiteleg shrimp prepared from defatted black soldier fly powder fed with kitchen waste according to claim 1, characterized in that: Each kilogram of the mineral premix contains Ca≥199 mg, Mg≥64.8 mg, Fe≥6.27 mg, and Zn≥3.46 mg.

6. The method for preparing a feed for whiteleg shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) prepared from defatted black soldier fly powder fed with kitchen waste according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Evenly mix the raw materials except fish oil, soybean oil, vitamin premix, and mineral premix, and grind them with a grinder until the mixture can pass through an 80-mesh sieve; Step 2: Add fish oil, soybean oil, vitamin premix and mineral premix to the crushed mixture in step 1 and mix well; Step 3: adding 15% to 20% by weight of water, mixing and granulating; Step 4: The prepared granules are post-cured in an oven at 105° C. for 10 minutes and then air-dried in a cool place to obtain the finished product.

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