Multi-stage detection laser melting 3D printing device and method

Abstract

The invention discloses a multi-stage detection laser melting 3D printing device and method, and belongs to the technical field of 3D printing. The laser melting 3D printing device comprises a laser processing assembly and a detection assembly. The laser processing assembly comprises a laser melting module, a light splitting module, a powder bed and a powder spraying module, and the laser melting module is used for emitting laser; the detection assembly comprises a detection light source, a coupler, a reflection module, a second galvanometer adjusting module and a light beam analysis control module, and the detection light source is used for emitting detection light; according to the laser melting 3D printing device capable of achieving multi-stage detection, the powder laying effect of the powder bed can be detected and regulated before welding, surface data of the powder bed in the machining process can be detected in real time in the welding process and regulated in real time, meanwhile, the welding effect after welding can be rechecked, and the welding efficiency is improved. And the detection efficiency is greatly improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of 3D printing, and in particular relates to a 3D printing device and method capable of multi-stage detection of laser melting. Background Art

[0002] 3D printing, also known as additive manufacturing, is a process that uses three-dimensional data as a foundation to create parts or objects through the accumulation of materials. Compared to traditional subtractive manufacturing, it offers high material utilization and low costs. It eliminates the need for traditional cutting tools, fixtures, machine tools, or molds, and can quickly and accurately transform 3D models into physical objects. It is widely used in fields such as bio-tissue engineering, aerospace, energy storage, electronics and devices, vehicle manufacturing, and engineered composite materials. Currently, laser melting 3D printing technology uses a high-precision laser to melt metal powder layer by layer to build parts, and its fusion process is highly stable.

[0003] However, at present, the inspection in the field of laser melting 3D printing technology mainly focuses on processing quality inspection after welding, which requires destroying the welded parts or using high-precision instruments such as microscopes. This results in a long inspection cycle, low inspection efficiency, and inability to inspect the powder coating effect before welding. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In response to the above-mentioned defects or improvement needs of the prior art, the present invention provides a laser melting 3D printing device and method capable of multi-stage detection, the purpose of which is: not only to detect the powder spreading effect of the powder bed and adjust it before welding, but also to detect the surface data of the powder bed during the processing and adjust it in real time during the welding process, and at the same time to review the welding effect after welding, without destroying the workpiece or using high-precision instruments, thereby greatly improving the detection efficiency.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, in a first aspect, the present invention provides a laser melting 3D printing device capable of multi-stage detection, the laser melting 3D printing device comprising a laser processing component and a detection component;

[0006] The laser processing assembly includes a laser melting module, a spectrometer module, a powder bed, and a powder spraying module. The laser melting module is used to emit laser light, and the laser light is incident on the powder bed through the spectrometer module. The powder spraying module is used to spread powder on the powder bed.

[0007] The detection component includes a detection light source, a coupler, a reflection module, a second galvanometer adjustment module and a beam analysis control module, the detection light source is used to emit detection light, the detection light is divided into a reference beam and a detection beam after entering the coupler, the reference beam is emitted to the reflection module, the reflection module is used to reflect the reference beam to the coupler, the detection beam is sequentially output to the second galvanometer adjustment module, the spectroscopic module and the powder bed, the detection beam reflected by the powder bed returns to the spectroscopic module along the original path, and is sequentially incident on the second galvanometer adjustment module and the coupler, the reference beam reflected to the coupler and the detection beam reflected to the coupler are both incident on the beam analysis control module, and the beam analysis control module is electrically connected to the laser melting module and the powder spraying module respectively;

[0008] Among them, the second galvanometer adjustment module is used to adjust the incident position of the detection beam on the powder bed, and the beam analysis control module is used to receive and process the reference beam and the detection beam to obtain surface data of the powder bed, and feed back the surface data of the powder bed to the powder spraying module or the laser melting module to control the powder spraying module to re-spread powder on the powder bed or adjust the welding parameters of the laser melting module.

[0009] Optionally, the second galvanometer adjustment module includes a second X galvanometer and a second Y galvanometer arranged in sequence along the emission direction of the detection beam, the second X galvanometer is used to adjust the deflection of the detection beam in the X direction, and the second Y galvanometer is used to adjust the deflection of the detection beam in the Y direction.

[0010] Optionally, the detection component is configured to adjust the detection beam through the second galvanometer adjustment module when the beam analysis control module cannot receive the detection beam, so that the incident positions of the laser and the detection beam on the powder bed are spaced in the direction of the laser welding track.

[0011] Optionally, the laser processing assembly further includes a first galvanometer adjustment module, and the detection beam and the laser are incident on the powder bed in sequence through the spectrometer module and the first galvanometer adjustment module, and the first galvanometer adjustment module is used to adjust the incident positions of the detection beam and the laser on the powder bed.

[0012] Optionally, the detection light source is a low-coherence light source.

[0013] Optionally, the detection component further includes a reference collimator, and the reference collimator is used to parallelize the reference light beam emitted by the coupler to the reflection module.

[0014] Optionally, the reference collimator mirror is movably arranged on one side of the reflection module to adjust the distance between the reference collimator mirror and the reflection module.

[0015] Optionally, the reflection module is a reflection mirror or a reflection film.

[0016] Optionally, the laser processing assembly further includes a protective mirror and a collimating mirror, and the laser is incident on the light splitting module through the protective mirror and the collimating mirror in sequence.

[0017] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a multi-stage detectable laser melting 3D printing method, the laser melting 3D printing method being based on the laser melting 3D printing device described in the first aspect, the laser melting 3D printing method comprising:

[0018] The powder bed is spread with powder by the powder spraying module, and the incident position of the detection beam on the powder bed is adjusted by the second galvanometer adjustment module, so that the surface data of the powder bed before welding is obtained by the beam analysis control module, thereby controlling the powder spraying module to re-spread powder on the powder bed until the metal powder laid on the powder bed meets the processing requirements;

[0019] The incident position of the laser on the powder bed is adjusted by the second galvanometer adjustment module so that the incident positions of the laser and the detection beam on the powder bed are coaxial, the laser melting module is started, the movement of the laser melting 3D printing device is controlled by the displacement module, and the surface data of the powder bed before welding is obtained by the beam analysis control module to adjust the welding parameters of the laser melting module in real time;

[0020] After welding is completed, the second galvanometer adjustment module is used to adjust the incident position of the detection beam on the powder bed, so that the surface data of the powder bed after welding is obtained through the beam analysis control module, thereby reviewing the welding effect.

[0021] The above-mentioned improved technical features can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0022] In general, the above technical solutions conceived by the present invention have the following beneficial effects compared with the prior art:

[0023] In a multi-stage detection laser melting 3D printing device provided by an embodiment of the present invention, during 3D printing, the powder bed is first spread using the powder spraying module. The second galvanometer adjustment module adjusts the incident position of the detection beam on the powder bed, thereby obtaining surface data of the powder bed before welding (including powder layer thickness, dust depression or accumulation, etc.) through the beam analysis control module. The powder spraying module is then controlled to re-spread the powder bed until the metal powder laid on the powder bed meets the processing requirements. At this point, the entire laser melting 3D printing device does not need to be moved by the displacement module, and the laser melting module does not emit laser light. Because the area formed by the corresponding metal powder laid on the powder bed is relatively small, only the second galvanometer adjustment module adjusts the incident position of the detection beam on the powder bed, thereby enabling the detection beam to scan the powder bed and ultimately determine the surface data of the powder bed before welding. If the powder bed surface data does not meet the set requirements, the beam analysis control module controls the powder spraying module to re-spread the powder bed, thereby ensuring the powder bed's pre-welding effect (if the set requirements are met, no re-spreading is required).

[0024] Next, the incident position of the laser on the powder bed is adjusted by the second galvanometer adjustment module so that the incident positions of the laser and the detection beam on the powder bed are coaxial. The laser melting module is started, the movement of the laser melting 3D printing device is controlled by the displacement module, and the welding parameters of the laser melting module are adjusted in real time after the surface data of the powder bed before welding is obtained by the beam analysis control module. During the welding process, when the displacement module drives the entire device to move according to the set path, the detection beam is coaxial with the laser, and the detection beam moves synchronously with the laser. In the welding process, the surface data of the powder bed (for example, penetration data) can be obtained in real time through the detection light, and the surface data of the powder bed is obtained through the beam analysis control module to adjust the welding parameters of the laser melting module (for example, power), thereby realizing real-time detection during the welding process.

[0025] Finally, after welding is completed, the second galvanometer adjustment module is used to adjust the incident position of the detection beam on the powder bed, so that the surface data of the powder bed after welding is obtained through the beam analysis control module. The incident position of the detection beam on the powder bed is also adjusted only through the second galvanometer adjustment module, so that the detection beam scans the powder bed to determine the welding effect of the workpiece after welding, and then the welding effect after welding is reviewed (splashing, welding slag or deformation during cooling can easily affect the welded position), without destroying the workpiece or using high-precision instruments, which greatly improves the detection efficiency.

[0026] That is to say, the embodiment of the present invention provides a multi-stage detection laser melting 3D printing device, which can not only detect the powder spreading effect of the powder bed and adjust it before welding, but also detect the surface data of the powder bed during the processing and adjust it in real time during the welding process. At the same time, it can also review the welding effect after welding without destroying the workpiece or using high-precision instruments, thereby greatly improving the detection efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 This is a schematic structural diagram of a laser melting 3D printing device capable of multi-stage detection provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 2 This is a flow chart of a laser melting 3D printing method capable of multi-stage detection provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0029] In all the drawings, the same reference numerals represent the same technical features, specifically:

[0030] 1. Laser processing assembly; 11. Laser melting module; 12. First galvanometer adjustment module; 121. First X galvanometer; 122. First Y galvanometer; 123. Third motor; 124. Fourth motor; 13. Spectral module; 14. Powder bed; 15. Powder spraying module; 16. Protective mirror; 17. Collimator; 2. Detection assembly; 21. Detection light source; 22. Coupler; 23. Reflection module; 24. Second galvanometer adjustment module; 241. Second X galvanometer; 242. Second Y galvanometer; 243. First motor; 244. Second motor; 245. Reflection mirror; 25. Beam analysis control module; 26. Reference collimator; 3. First shell; 4. Second shell. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only intended to illustrate the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the various embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0032] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential" and the like to indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0033] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of the technical features being referred to. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present invention, "plurality" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise specifically defined.

[0034] In the present invention, unless otherwise specified or limited, the terms "installed," "connected," "connect," "fixed," etc. should be understood in a broad sense. For example, they can refer to fixed connection, detachable connection, or integration; mechanical connection, electrical connection; direct connection, or indirect connection through an intermediate medium; internal communication between two components, or interaction between two components, unless otherwise specified. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention based on specific circumstances.

[0035] In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, when a first feature is "above" or "below" a second feature, it may mean that the first and second features are in direct contact, or that the first and second features are in indirect contact through an intermediary. Furthermore, when a first feature is "above," "above," or "above" a second feature, it may mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. When a first feature is "below," "below," or "below" a second feature, it may mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is at a lower level than the second feature.

[0036] Example:

[0037] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of a multi-stage detection laser melting 3D printing device provided by an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 1 As shown, the laser melting 3D printing device includes a laser processing component 1 and a detection component 2.

[0038] The laser processing assembly 1 includes a laser melting module 11 , a spectrometer module 13 , a powder bed 14 and a powder spraying module 15 . The laser melting module 11 is used to emit laser light, which is incident on the powder bed 14 through the spectrometer module 13 . The powder spraying module 15 is used to spread powder on the powder bed 14 .

[0039] The detection component 2 includes a detection light source 21, a coupler 22, a reflection module 23, a second galvanometer adjustment module 24 and a beam analysis control module 25. The detection light source 21 is used to emit detection light. After the detection light enters the coupler 22, it is divided into a reference beam and a detection beam. The reference beam is emitted to the reflection module 23. The reflection module 23 is used to reflect the reference beam to the coupler 22. The detection beam is output to the second galvanometer adjustment module 24, the spectrometer module 13 and the powder bed 14 in turn. The detection beam reflected by the powder bed 14 returns to the spectrometer module 13 along the original path and is sequentially incident on the second galvanometer adjustment module 24 and the coupler 22. The reference beam reflected to the coupler 22 and the detection beam reflected to the coupler 22 are both incident on the beam analysis control module 25. The beam analysis control module 25 is electrically connected (communication connection) to the laser melting module 11 and the powder spraying module 15 respectively.

[0040] Among them, the second galvanometer adjustment module 24 is used to adjust the incident position of the detection beam on the powder bed 14, and the beam analysis control module 25 is used to receive and process the reference beam and the detection beam to obtain the surface data of the powder bed 14, and feed back the surface data of the powder bed 14 to the powder spraying module 15 or the laser melting module 11 to control the powder spraying module 15 to re-spread powder on the powder bed 14 or adjust the welding parameters of the laser melting module 11.

[0041] In the embodiment of the present invention, a multi-stage detection laser melting 3D printing device is provided. When performing 3D printing, first, the powder bed 14 is spread with powder based on the powder spraying module 15. The second galvanometer adjustment module 24 is used to adjust the incident position of the detection beam on the powder bed 14. The beam analysis control module 25 obtains the surface data of the powder bed 14 before welding (including the thickness of the powder layer, dust depression or accumulation, etc.), thereby controlling the powder spraying module 15 to re-spread powder on the powder bed 14 until the metal powder laid on the powder bed 14 meets the processing requirements. At this time, the entire laser melting 3D printing device does not need to be moved by the displacement module, and the laser melting module 11 does not emit laser light. Since the area formed by the corresponding metal powder laid on the powder bed 14 is relatively small, only the second galvanometer adjustment module 24 is used to adjust the incident position of the detection beam on the powder bed 14, thereby realizing the detection beam scanning the powder bed 14 and ultimately determining the surface data of the powder bed 14 before welding. When the surface data of the powder bed 14 does not meet the set requirements, the beam analysis control module 25 controls the powder spraying module 15 to re-spread powder on the powder bed 14, thereby ensuring the powder spreading effect of the powder bed 14 before welding (no need to re-spread powder when the set requirements are met).

[0042] Next, the incident position of the laser on the powder bed 14 is adjusted by the second galvanometer adjustment module 24, so that the incident positions of the laser and the detection beam on the powder bed 14 are coaxial. The laser melting module 11 is started, the movement of the laser melting 3D printing device is controlled by the displacement module, and the welding parameters of the laser melting module 11 are adjusted in real time after the surface data of the powder bed 14 before welding is obtained by the beam analysis control module 25. During the welding process, when the displacement module drives the entire device to move according to the set path, the detection beam is coaxial with the laser, and the detection beam moves synchronously with the laser. In the welding process, the surface data of the powder bed 14 (for example, penetration data) can be obtained in real time through the detection light, and the surface data of the powder bed 14 is obtained by the beam analysis control module 25 to adjust the welding parameters (for example, power) of the laser melting module 11, thereby realizing real-time detection during the welding process.

[0043] Finally, after welding is completed, the second galvanometer adjustment module 24 is used to adjust the incident position of the detection beam on the powder bed 14, so that the surface data of the powder bed 14 after welding is obtained through the beam analysis control module 25, and the incident position of the detection beam on the powder bed 14 is adjusted only through the second galvanometer adjustment module 24, so that the detection beam scans the powder bed 14 to determine the welding effect of the workpiece after welding, and then the welding effect after welding is reviewed (splashing, welding slag or deformation during cooling can easily affect the welded position), without destroying the workpiece or using high-precision instruments, which greatly improves the detection efficiency.

[0044] That is to say, the embodiment of the present invention provides a multi-stage detection laser melting 3D printing device, which can not only detect the powder spreading effect of the powder bed 14 and adjust it before welding, but also detect the surface data of the powder bed 14 during the processing and adjust it in real time during the welding process. At the same time, it can also review the welding effect after welding without destroying the workpiece or using high-precision instruments, thereby greatly improving the detection efficiency.

[0045] For example, the laser melting module 11, the spectrometer module 13, the powder spraying module 15, and the second galvanometer adjustment module 24 are all mounted on the first housing 3 to form a whole. An interface is provided on one side of the first housing 3, through which the detection beam enters the first housing 3. The other structures are arranged on the second housing 4 to form another whole.

[0046] It should be noted that after receiving and processing the reference beam and the detection beam, the beam analysis control module 25 calculates the data of each point through the travel difference between the two beams of light, and integrates the data of each point under the control of the second galvanometer adjustment module 24 or the belt of the displacement module to obtain the surface data of the powder bed 14 (this processing and calculation method is a conventional technical means in this field and will not be repeated here), and feeds back the surface data of the powder bed 14 to the powder spraying module 15 or the laser melting module 11.

[0047] For example, the right laser is reflected to the powder bed 14 when passing through the spectroscopic module 13 , while the detection light can directly pass through the spectroscopic module 13 after entering the spectroscopic module 13 from top to bottom or from bottom to top.

[0048] This laser melting 3D printing device can directly obtain the data of the molten pool during welding with an accuracy of up to ±5μm.

[0049] Exemplarily, the coupler 22 has a first channel a, a second channel b, a third channel c and a fourth channel d, wherein the detection light enters the coupler 22 through the first channel a, the reference beam is emitted from the second channel b, and the detection beam is emitted from the third channel c. The reference beam reflected to the coupler 22 and the detection beam reflected to the coupler 22 are both emitted to the beam analysis control module 25 through the fourth channel d.

[0050] In this embodiment, the second galvanometer adjustment module 24 includes a second X galvanometer 241 and a second Y galvanometer 242 arranged in sequence along the emission direction of the detection beam. The second X galvanometer 241 is used to adjust the deflection of the detection beam in the X direction, and the second Y galvanometer 242 is used to adjust the deflection of the detection beam in the Y direction.

[0051] In the above embodiment, by adjusting the laser respectively by the second X galvanometer 241 and the second Y galvanometer 242, the incident position of the detection beam on the powder bed 14 can be adjusted (that is, the corresponding plane position when the detection beam is incident on the powder bed 14 is adjusted, including the X direction and the Y direction), so that the detection beam and the laser are coaxially incident on the powder bed 14.

[0052] Furthermore, the second galvanometer adjustment module 24 also includes a first motor 243 and a second motor 244. The first motor 243 is connected to the second X galvanometer 241 for deflecting the second X galvanometer 241 in the X direction. The second motor 244 is connected to the second Y galvanometer 242 for deflecting the second Y galvanometer 242 in the Y direction, thereby realizing automatic adjustment through the first motor 243 and the second motor 244, and then realizing automatic adjustment of the detection light beam.

[0053] Exemplarily, the second galvanometer adjustment module 24 further includes a reflector 245 for reflecting the detection light beam emitted from the second Y galvanometer 242 to the light splitting module 13 .

[0054] Exemplarily, the detection light source 21 is a low-coherence light source, which can effectively reduce interference such as electromagnetic radiation and spatter in the molten pool, and can improve the stability of measurement during continuous welding.

[0055] In this embodiment, the detection component 2 is configured to adjust the detection beam through the second galvanometer adjustment module 24 when the beam analysis control module cannot receive the detection beam, so that the incident position interval of the laser and the detection beam on the powder bed in the direction of the laser welding track is small.

[0056] It is easy to understand that during the welding process, the laser will generate spatter and slag, which will interfere with the detection beam, resulting in the beam analysis control module being unable to normally receive the reflected detection beam. At this time, the detection beam is adjusted by the second galvanometer adjustment module, so that when the displacement module drives the entire device to move according to the set path, the detection light is separated from the laser. During the rear accompanying process, the surface data of the powder bed can be obtained in real time at the position after welding in the front. This greatly reduces the interference of spatter and slag on the detection beam during laser processing, and ensures that the beam analysis control module obtains the surface data of the powder bed after receiving the reflected detection beam to adjust the welding parameters of the laser melting module, thereby realizing real-time detection during the welding process.

[0057] That is to say, by controlling the detection beam and the laser interval (the interval is small, such as 5-10 mm) during the welding process, the normal use of the device can be maintained under abnormal working conditions, thereby improving the detection reliability.

[0058] In one implementation of this embodiment, the laser processing assembly also includes a first galvanometer adjustment module 12. The detection beam and the laser are incident on the powder bed 14 in sequence through the spectrometer module and the first galvanometer adjustment module 12. The first galvanometer adjustment module 12 is used to adjust the incident position of the detection beam and the laser on the powder bed 14.

[0059] In the above embodiment, the first galvanometer adjustment module 12 can achieve small-scale disturbance of the laser and detection beams, thereby increasing the adjustment range of the laser.

[0060] In addition, the first galvanometer adjustment module 12 includes a first X galvanometer 121 and a first Y galvanometer 122. The first X galvanometer 121 is used to adjust the deflection of the laser and detection beams in the X direction, and the first Y galvanometer 122 is used to adjust the deflection of the laser and detection beams in the Y direction. The first X galvanometer 121 can be driven and adjusted by a third motor 123, and the first Y galvanometer 122 can be driven and adjusted by a fourth motor 124.

[0061] Continue to see Figure 1The detection component 2 further includes a reference collimator 26 , which is used to parallelize the reference beam emitted by the coupler 22 to the reflection module 23 , and a parallel reference beam can be formed through the reference collimator 26 .

[0062] Furthermore, the reference collimator 26 is movably arranged on one side of the reflection module 23 to adjust the distance between the reference collimator 26 and the reflection module 23. The reference collimator 26 can adapt to different detection objects by adjusting its position relative to the reflection module 23, thereby increasing the applicability of the device.

[0063] Exemplarily, the reflection module 23 is a reflection mirror or a reflection film.

[0064] It should be noted that the reflection module 23 may also be other reflection structures, and the present invention does not limit this.

[0065] Exemplarily, the laser processing assembly further includes a protective mirror 16 and a collimating mirror 17 , through which the laser is incident on the spectroscopic module 13 in turn. The protective mirror 16 can prevent spatter and welding slag generated during welding from contaminating the laser melting module 11 .

[0066] Figure 2 This is a flow chart of a multi-stage detection laser melting 3D printing method provided by an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 As shown, the laser melting 3D printing method is based on the above-mentioned laser melting 3D printing device, and the laser melting 3D printing method includes:

[0067] S1. Spread powder on the powder bed 14 based on the powder spraying module 15, and adjust the incident position of the detection light beam on the powder bed 14 through the second galvanometer adjustment module 24, so as to obtain the surface data of the powder bed 14 before welding through the beam analysis control module 25, thereby controlling the powder spraying module 15 to re-spread powder on the powder bed 14 until the metal powder laid on the powder bed 14 meets the processing requirements.

[0068] S2. Adjust the incident position of the laser on the powder bed 14 through the second galvanometer adjustment module 24 so that the incident positions of the laser and the detection beam on the powder bed are coaxial, start the laser melting module 11, control the movement of the laser melting 3D printing device through the displacement module, and obtain the surface data of the powder bed 14 before welding through the beam analysis control module 25 to adjust the welding parameters of the laser melting module 11 in real time.

[0069] S3. After welding is completed, the second galvanometer adjustment module 24 adjusts the incident position of the detection beam on the powder bed 14, so that the beam analysis control module 25 obtains the surface data of the powder bed 14 after welding, thereby reviewing the welding effect.

[0070] An embodiment of the present invention provides a multi-stage detection laser melting 3D printing method, which can not only detect the powder spreading effect of the powder bed 14 and adjust it before welding, but also detect the surface data of the powder bed 14 during the processing and adjust it in real time during the welding process. At the same time, it can also realize the review of the welding effect after welding without destroying the workpiece or using high-precision instruments, thereby greatly improving the detection efficiency.

[0071] It will be easily understood by those skilled in the art that the above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A laser melting 3D printing device capable of multi-stage detection, characterized in that: The laser melting 3D printing device includes a laser processing component and a detection component; The laser processing assembly includes a laser melting module, a spectrometer module, a powder bed, and a powder spraying module. The laser melting module is used to emit laser light, and the laser light is incident on the powder bed through the spectrometer module. The powder spraying module is used to spread powder on the powder bed. The detection component includes a detection light source, a coupler, a reflection module, a second galvanometer adjustment module and a beam analysis control module, the detection light source is used to emit detection light, the detection light is divided into a reference beam and a detection beam after entering the coupler, the reference beam is emitted to the reflection module, the reflection module is used to reflect the reference beam to the coupler, the detection beam is sequentially output to the second galvanometer adjustment module, the spectroscopic module and the powder bed, the detection beam reflected by the powder bed returns to the spectroscopic module along the original path, and is sequentially incident on the second galvanometer adjustment module and the coupler, the reference beam reflected to the coupler and the detection beam reflected to the coupler are both incident on the beam analysis control module, and the beam analysis control module is electrically connected to the laser melting module and the powder spraying module respectively; Among them, the second galvanometer adjustment module is used to adjust the incident position of the detection beam on the powder bed, and the beam analysis control module is used to receive and process the reference beam and the detection beam to obtain surface data of the powder bed, and feed back the surface data of the powder bed to the powder spraying module or the laser melting module to control the powder spraying module to re-spread powder on the powder bed or adjust the welding parameters of the laser melting module.

2. The multi-stage detectable laser melting 3D printing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second galvanometer adjustment module includes a second X galvanometer and a second Y galvanometer arranged in sequence along the emission direction of the detection beam. The second X galvanometer is used to adjust the deflection of the detection beam in the X direction, and the second Y galvanometer is used to adjust the deflection of the detection beam in the Y direction.

3. The multi-stage detectable laser melting 3D printing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The detection component is configured to adjust the detection beam through the second galvanometer adjustment module when the beam analysis control module cannot receive the detection beam, so that the incident positions of the laser and the detection beam on the powder bed are spaced apart in the direction of the laser welding track.

4. The multi-stage detectable laser melting 3D printing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The laser processing assembly also includes a first galvanometer adjustment module. The detection beam and the laser are incident on the powder bed through the spectrometer module and the first galvanometer adjustment module in sequence. The first galvanometer adjustment module is used to adjust the incident positions of the detection beam and the laser on the powder bed.

5. The multi-stage detectable laser melting 3D printing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The detection light source is a low-coherence light source.

6. The multi-stage detectable laser melting 3D printing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The detection component further includes a reference collimator, which is used to parallelize the reference light beam emitted by the coupler to the reflection module.

7. The multi-stage detectable laser melting 3D printing device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The reference collimating mirror is movably arranged on one side of the reflecting module to adjust the distance between the reference collimating mirror and the reflecting module.

8. The multi-stage detectable laser melting 3D printing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The reflection module is a reflection mirror or a reflection film.

9. The multi-stage detectable laser melting 3D printing device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The laser processing assembly further includes a protective mirror and a collimating mirror, and the laser is incident on the light splitting module through the protective mirror and the collimating mirror in sequence.

10. A laser melting 3D printing method capable of multi-stage detection, characterized in that: The laser melting 3D printing method is based on the laser melting 3D printing device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, and the laser melting 3D printing method comprises: The powder bed is spread with powder by the powder spraying module, and the incident position of the detection beam on the powder bed is adjusted by the second galvanometer adjustment module, so that the surface data of the powder bed before welding is obtained by the beam analysis control module, thereby controlling the powder spraying module to re-spread powder on the powder bed until the metal powder laid on the powder bed meets the processing requirements; The incident position of the laser on the powder bed is adjusted by the second galvanometer adjustment module so that the incident positions of the laser and the detection beam on the powder bed are coaxial, the laser melting module is started, the movement of the laser melting 3D printing device is controlled by the displacement module, and the surface data of the powder bed before welding is obtained by the beam analysis control module to adjust the welding parameters of the laser melting module in real time; After welding is completed, the second galvanometer adjustment module is used to adjust the incident position of the detection beam on the powder bed, so that the surface data of the powder bed after welding is obtained through the beam analysis control module, thereby reviewing the welding effect.

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