Gear tooth surface microstructure laser processing device and processing method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a gear tooth surface micro-texture laser machining device and a machining method thereof. The machining device comprises a laser, a movement mechanism used for providing spatial position changes for the laser, a clamping mechanism used for adjusting the posture of a gear and a detection mechanism used for detecting the machining process of the gear micro-texture. The detection mechanism comprises a data acquisition block used for performing data acquisition on a gear tooth surface processing area, and the data acquisition block is fixed on the laser through a supporting plate. During machining, the detection mechanism moves along with the laser, data collection can be conducted on a machining area on line, machining errors can be monitored and fed back in real time, and error compensation can be conducted at any time. The machining device is further provided with a calibration module, and the calibration module is a substrate material made of a gear material. A substrate material can be preprocessed, a substrate material-laser parameter matching model is established, and a basis is provided for subsequent tooth surface texture processing. The invention further discloses a gear tooth surface micro-texture machining method.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of gear manufacturing, in particular to a gear tooth surface micro-texture laser processing device and a processing method thereof, belonging to the technical field of gear surface precision processing. Background Art

[0002] As mechanical equipment develops towards higher speeds, heavier loads, and higher power densities, the working environment of gears is becoming increasingly complex, facing extreme working conditions such as variable loads, variable speeds, high pressures, and high temperatures. Under these conditions, improving the reliability of gears is a scientific and technological challenge that urgently needs to be completed and independently resolved. During the transmission process, sliding contact between the gear shaft and the contact surface, load changes, and friction factors can cause gear wear. Lubrication failure under extreme working conditions can further exacerbate wear, leading to increased tooth side clearance, affecting transmission accuracy and reliability, and even causing mechanical failures. Therefore, resolving the wear problem of gears under complex working conditions is an important prerequisite for improving their transmission performance and extending their service life.

[0003] As an innovative surface engineering technology, microtexturing technology has shown great potential in improving the wear resistance of tooth surfaces in recent years. By machining tiny structural features on the tooth surface, the surface lubrication conditions can be effectively changed, and the wear resistance and load-bearing capacity can be enhanced. Especially under complex working conditions such as high loads and high speeds, microtexturing can significantly improve the wear resistance and service life of gears. However, due to the close arrangement of gear tooth surfaces and the limited processing space between adjacent teeth, traditional microtexturing processing methods face huge challenges, especially when facing complex tooth surface structures such as helical gears and face gears. This makes it difficult for traditional processing technologies to meet the high-precision and high-efficiency processing requirements.

[0004] In order to ensure the reliability of tooth surface microtexture processing, real-time detection and feedback of the processing process are particularly important. The structure of the detection device has also been disclosed. For example, China CN104165615A discloses a surface microtexture detection method, which obtains a contour curve of the microtexture surface through a two-dimensional detection device; the contour curve data is imported into a computer, and after noise removal, segmentation, extraction, interpolation and fitting processing, a single three-dimensional surface is obtained. Although existing detection technologies can provide two-dimensional or three-dimensional scanning of tooth surface microtexture, most of these detection methods are post-processing and cannot provide real-time feedback on processing errors and processing quality during the processing, and cannot effectively compensate for errors. This processing method based on subsequent detection and adjustment not only increases processing time, but also seriously affects production efficiency and accuracy consistency. It can be seen that the real-time monitoring and feedback mechanism of existing microtexture processing technology is still imperfect.

[0005] In addition, due to the different requirements of the above two performances, the existing method is to use two devices to realize the two functions of processing and testing respectively, which has problems such as the large space occupied by the two sets of devices and the high purchase and maintenance costs caused by the numerous mechanisms.

[0006] Another significant factor affecting the quality of tooth surface microtexturing is the matching of substrate material and laser processing parameters. Differences in physical properties such as thermal conductivity and reflectivity between materials lead to significant variations in laser processing performance. These differences complicate the selection and adjustment of laser processing parameters (such as power, focal length, and laser pulse width). Adjusting laser focal length and power is material-dependent. Traditional laser processing techniques typically rely on experience or trial and error to determine optimal processing parameters. This approach is inefficient and struggles to ensure consistent processing quality, especially in mass production, where errors and variations in the processing process cannot be effectively controlled. As demand increases, the limitations of traditional methods become increasingly apparent, leading companies to face high costs and long production cycles, hindering their market competitiveness. From an economic and operational perspective, establishing a system for adjusting and optimizing substrate material, laser parameters, and parameters is difficult for most companies to implement and requires specialized technical expertise.

[0007] Furthermore, although laser processing technology for microtexturing has become one of the main means of preparing microtextures on tooth surfaces, with advantages such as non-contact, high precision, and strong adaptability, existing laser processing equipment still has some difficult-to-overcome technical bottlenecks. Microtexturing of gear tooth surfaces is mainly carried out on a vertical laser processing test bench. The laser marker is fixedly installed on the fixed bracket of the test bench, which is a rigid connection. The laser focal length is difficult to adjust dynamically. Most of the processed gears are clamped horizontally. When the next tooth surface needs to be processed, manual rotation or an additional servo motor is required to replace the tooth surface. When the tooth surface is irregular or the gear is heavy, manual rotation is difficult and the servo motor is prone to positioning errors due to insufficient torque. These nonlinear error factors can easily directly affect the position and size of the microtexture processing on the tooth surface, which has a strong impact on the quality of microtexture processing. Multiple error compensation or debugging are often required to improve the processing accuracy. This type of operation is difficult for most companies to implement and requires specialized technicians to operate. Therefore, in order to minimize or reduce the interference of external factors on the quality of tooth surface microtexturing, the market has improved processing equipment. For example, Chinese invention patent CN111730211A discloses a device for laser processing the surface of an involute cylindrical gear. The device includes a base, a slide, a gear, a laser marker, and an electromagnetic chuck. A drive mechanism for driving a ring to roll on the electromagnetic chuck is fixed to the slide, and the light emitted by the laser marker is located on the normal line of the involute of the gear. This invention uses an electric push rod to control the rolling motion of the ring on the electromagnetic chuck. When processing the tooth surface microtexture, the laser beam is always perpendicular to the tangent of the involute cylindrical gear tooth profile. Although this method has a relatively simple structure and convenient operation, the relative position relationship between the laser beam and the tooth surface is fixed and cannot be flexibly adjusted. The laser focal length range is limited. Therefore, this device is only suitable for processing involute tooth surface microtexture, which limits its scope of application. Moreover, when dealing with large-sized gears, there are obvious limitations in both accuracy and efficiency. Chinese invention patent CN 114833456 A discloses a laser processing device for micro-texturing the tooth surfaces of spiral bevel gears. The device comprises a frame, a laser slide, a gear rotating device, and a base plate. The device can micro-texture a single tooth surface of a spiral bevel gear by adjusting the laser position and angle on the laser slide. Simultaneously, the entire tooth surface of a spiral bevel gear can be processed by adjusting the position and angle of the spiral bevel gear on the gear rotating device. However, this method is only suitable for small-sized gears, and the laser has a small degree of freedom. The fixture that holds the gears is connected in series with multiple servo motors, resulting in a limited load capacity for the gears. This also leads to problems such as uneven loading and unstable gear clamping, which hinders processing accuracy and further affects process reliability. Therefore, seeking a simple, reliable, highly adaptable, precision-adjustable, and error-compensating device for micro-texturing tooth surfaces is of great practical engineering value.

[0008] Generally speaking, the difficulty of machining micro-textures on gear tooth surfaces lies in: the inability to monitor and feedback machining errors in real time, and the inability to effectively compensate for errors; the poor matching between the substrate material and the laser machining parameters, resulting in difficulty in matching the laser power and focal length with the substrate material, causing changes in parameters such as the size or depth of the micro-texture after workpiece machining, deviating from the preset values; the positional relationship between the laser and the tooth surface is difficult to control and the machining error is large.

[0009] In view of this, the applicant conducted in-depth research on the above issues, which led to the present case. Summary of the Invention

[0010] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a gear tooth surface micro-texturing laser processing device which can monitor and feedback processing errors in real time.

[0011] Another technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a gear tooth surface micro-texturing laser processing device that can establish a base material-laser parameter matching model.

[0012] Another technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a gear tooth surface micro-texturing laser processing device that can dynamically adjust the relative position, focal length and error compensation between the laser beam and the tooth surface in real time.

[0013] The present invention also provides a processing method of the gear tooth surface micro-texture laser processing device.

[0014] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution of the present invention is: A device for laser processing microtexture on a gear tooth surface comprises a laser, a motion mechanism for providing spatial position changes for the laser, a clamping mechanism for adjusting the gear posture, and a detection mechanism for detecting the gear microtexture processing process; the detection mechanism comprises a data acquisition block for acquiring data of the gear tooth surface processing area, the data acquisition block being fixed to the laser via a support plate.

[0015] Preferably, it further includes a verification module that provides data for establishing a base material-laser parameter matching model, and the verification module is based on the base material processed by the processing gear material.

[0016] Preferably, the base material includes a planar base material or a curved base material.

[0017] Preferably, the detection mechanism is provided with an adjuster for adjusting the posture of the data acquisition block.

[0018] Preferably, the adjuster includes a circumferential angle adjuster or an up and down angle adjuster.

[0019] Preferably, the circumferential angle adjuster is a rotating bracket with a circumferential servo motor embedded therein.

[0020] Preferably, the upper and lower angle adjusters include two triangular brackets connected by pins, namely an upper triangular bracket and a lower triangular bracket.

[0021] Preferably, the circumferential angle adjuster is connected to the support plate via a fixed bracket.

[0022] Preferably, the upper triangular bracket is installed at the lower end of the circumferential angle adjuster, and the lower triangular bracket is connected to and fixed to the data acquisition block.

[0023] Preferably, the data acquisition block includes a temperature sensor and / or a line structured light sensor.

[0024] Preferably, the data acquisition block is also provided with an LED light.

[0025] Preferably, the motion mechanism includes a three-dimensional motion platform, a fine-tuning mechanism or an angle adjustment mechanism.

[0026] Preferably, the X, Y, and Z axis motion platforms of the three-dimensional motion platform are all composed of slider-screw-servo motor modules, and are driven by the servo motors of each axis respectively, and the motion platforms are connected by sliders; the fine-tuning mechanism is fixed on the end slider of the three-dimensional motion platform.

[0027] Preferably, the fine-tuning mechanism includes a fixed plate, a movable plate, a screw rod, two guide rods and a fine-tuning servo motor; the fixed plate is connected to the end slider of the three-dimensional motion platform; the screw rod, guide rod and fine-tuning servo motor are all arranged on the fixed plate; the movable plate is connected to the fixed plate through the screw rod and two guide rods.

[0028] Preferably, the angle adjustment mechanism is an angle servo motor, which is installed on the end slider of the three-dimensional motion platform or on the fine-tuning mechanism.

[0029] Preferably, the angle adjustment mechanism is further provided with an angle identification plate, which is a fan-shaped structure, and the center end of which is sleeved on the output shaft of the angle servo motor but does not rotate with the output shaft.

[0030] Preferably, the clamping mechanism is a spherical gear transmission mechanism, which includes a bracket, a spherical gear and two sets of driving devices that can drive the spherical gear to rotate. The spherical gear and the driving device are both installed on the bracket, and the spherical gear is provided with a support rod on which a processing gear can be installed; the driving device includes a single-pole gear meshing with the spherical gear, a servo motor and a transmission device that can realize multi-directional rotation of the single-pole gear; the transmission device is arranged between the single-pole gear and the servo motor.

[0031] Preferably, the transmission device is composed of a structure including an internal worm gear and a pinion that mesh with each other, and two sets of meshing small helical gears and large helical gears. The two sets of meshing small helical gears and large helical gears are respectively driven by one of the servo motors.

[0032] Preferably, the clamping mechanism is provided with a support rod, and a clamp clamping mechanism is installed on the support rod; the clamp clamping mechanism includes a support frame fixedly connected to the support rod, a plurality of slide rails installed on the support frame, a plurality of sliding grippers slidably arranged on the slide rails, and a clamp servo motor installed on the support frame that can drive the sliding grippers to slide on the slide rails.

[0033] Preferably, the fixture clamping mechanism is also provided with a synchronization mechanism, which includes a cross swivel block and four connecting rods. The cross swivel block is rotatably connected to the support frame through an axis, and one end of the four connecting rods is respectively hinged to an arm of the cross swivel block, and the other end of the four connecting rods is respectively hinged to a sliding gripper; for this purpose, the sliding gripper is provided with four centrally symmetrically distributed ones, and the corresponding slide rails are also provided with four groups; the fixture servo motor is connected to one of the sliding grippers through a baffle.

[0034] Preferably, an annular roller is embedded in the clamping end of the sliding gripper, and an L-shaped block is provided on the upper end surface of the annular roller, and both side edges of the L-shaped block are arc-shaped surfaces.

[0035] Preferably, a fixed platform is further provided for fixing and installing all components of the processing device, and the fixed platform is provided with a number of screw holes arranged in a matrix to facilitate the normal bolt locking of each component; the motion mechanism or proofreading module is directly fixed to the fixed platform by bolts; a workbench can also be fixed on the fixed platform by studs, and the clamping mechanism is fixed on the workbench, and the side of the workbench is provided with an inclined baffle.

[0036] A method for machining microtexture on a gear tooth surface using the above-mentioned machining device comprises the following steps: Step 1: Determine the posture of the clamping mechanism: Determine the posture of the clamping mechanism according to the size or weight of the gear to be processed. If the gear is large or heavy, the clamping mechanism is vertical, otherwise it is horizontal. Step 2: Establishing a base material-laser parameter matching model: Based on the gear material to be processed, a base material identical to the gear material is prepared as a calibration module. The motion mechanism is then used to control the laser to conduct a preliminary experiment on the base material. During the preliminary experiment, different laser processing parameters are input, and the gear microtexture processing process is detected by the detection mechanism. After repeated multiple times, a base material-laser parameter matching model is established. Step 3: Processing the micro-texture on the tooth surface: adjusting the laser posture on the motion mechanism, adjusting the laser to the vertical surface of the i-th tooth surface of the gear to be processed, and realizing the micro-texture processing on the i-th tooth surface by controlling the motion state of the motion mechanism and the clamping mechanism; Step 4, online detection and error compensation: The size, depth and quality of the micro-texture during the processing are detected in real time by combining the detection mechanism. If any size or quality error is found, it is fed back to the control system, and the posture of the processed gear is controlled by the clamping mechanism and the posture of the laser is controlled by the motion mechanism to automatically compensate for the error; Step 5: Processing other tooth surfaces: Adjust the rotation direction of the clamping mechanism so that the i+1th tooth surface of the gear to be processed enters the processing area, and repeat step 3 to process the tooth surface micro-texture until all tooth surfaces of the gear are processed.

[0037] After adopting the above scheme, the present invention has the following beneficial effects compared with the prior art: 1. This invention fixes the detection mechanism directly on the laser. During processing, the detection mechanism moves with the laser. Therefore, data collection of the processing area can be performed online, processing errors can be monitored and fed back in real time, and error compensation can be performed at any time.

[0038] 2. The present invention can further include a calibration module, which is based on the base material processed according to the gear material being processed. Prior to formal processing, the base material can be pre-processed. During processing, a detection mechanism is used to provide real-time detection and feedback on the processing process and quality. By inputting different laser processing parameters, this process can be repeated multiple times to establish a base material-laser parameter matching model, providing a basis for subsequent tooth surface texture processing.

[0039] 3. The clamping mechanism of the present invention can realize rotation and vertical and horizontal posture adjustment. The motion mechanism can implement multi-degree-of-freedom adjustment of the laser, so the relative position between the laser beam and the tooth surface, focal length and error compensation can be adjusted dynamically in real time.

[0040] More specifically, the present invention may have the following advantages: 1. The clamping mechanism of the present invention can be switched between a horizontal state and a vertical state. When the present invention is used for processing micro-textures on the tooth surfaces of large-sized and heavy gears, the original horizontal state is converted into a vertical state through a transmission device, and the processing process detection and feedback are carried out on a set of instruments. Without increasing the size of the equipment, the problems of clamping eccentric load and unstable gear clamping are solved, the load-bearing capacity of the gear is increased, and the reliability of the process is ensured.

[0041] 2. When the present invention is used for micro-texturing of complex tooth surfaces such as helical gears and face gears, by adjusting and rotating the clamping mechanism posture and matching it with a motion mechanism for providing spatial position changes for the laser, the relative position, focal length, and error compensation between the laser beam and the tooth surface can be dynamically adjusted in real time according to changes in the tooth surface geometry, thereby minimizing the interference of external nonlinear factors on the processing quality and improving manufacturing accuracy.

[0042] 3. When the present invention is used for precision machining of complex tooth surface microtextures, a calibration module is used to establish a matching model between the substrate material and the laser parameters. A detection mechanism is then integrated to provide real-time monitoring and feedback on the machining process and quality. A clamping mechanism and motion mechanism are used to control the positional relationship between the laser and the tooth surface, thereby completing the machining, testing, and optimization experiments of the tooth surface microtexture. This allows for two performance tests to be performed in one device, reducing acquisition and maintenance costs, significantly reducing occupied space, and ultimately improving the device's efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0043] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the processing device of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of the fine-tuning mechanism and the detection mechanism of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a front view of the fine-tuning mechanism and the detection mechanism of the present invention; Figure 4 A side view of the fine-tuning mechanism and the detection mechanism of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the laser, motion mechanism and proofreading module of the present invention; Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the clamping mechanism and the fixture clamping mechanism of the present invention; Figure 7 This is one of the schematic diagrams of the posture adjustment structure of the clamping mechanism of the present invention; Figure 8 This is the second schematic diagram of the posture adjustment structure of the clamping mechanism of the present invention; Figure 9 This is the third schematic diagram of the posture adjustment structure of the clamping mechanism of the present invention; Figure 10 It is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the clamping mechanism of the present invention; Figure 11 It is a right side view of the clamping mechanism of the present invention; Figure 12 A top view of the clamping mechanism of the present invention; Figure 13 This is a front view of the clamping mechanism of the present invention; Figure 14This is a schematic diagram of the clamping mechanism and fixture clamping mechanism of the present invention when used for heavy and large-sized gears; Figure 15 A flow chart of the processing method of the present invention; Figure 16 Schematic diagram of the micro-texture shape after machining on the gear tooth surface in an example of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0044] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0045] The present invention discloses a gear tooth surface micro-texturing laser processing device, such as Figures 1-14 The figure shows a preferred embodiment of the present invention. The processing device includes a laser 1, a motion mechanism 2, a clamping mechanism 3 and a detection mechanism 4. It further includes a calibration module 5, a fixture clamping mechanism 6 and a fixing table 7. The laser beam emitted by the laser 1 can be used to perform micro-texturing on the gear tooth surface.

[0046] The motion mechanism 2 is used to provide spatial position changes for the laser 1. The spatial position changes can include rapid movement of each axis, fine-tuning movement, angle adjustment, etc., as well as any combination of position changes. Therefore, the motion mechanism 2 can adopt various structural forms according to actual needs.

[0047] In this embodiment, the motion mechanism 2 includes a three-dimensional motion platform 21, a fine-tuning mechanism 22, and an angle adjustment mechanism 23. Each of the X, Y, and Z axes of the three-dimensional motion platform 21 can be composed of a slider-screw-servo motor module, each driven by a servo motor. The platforms are connected by sliders. This structure of the three-dimensional motion platform 21 enables rapid movement and precise positioning of the laser 1, thereby optimizing machining accuracy and reducing adjustment difficulty.

[0048] The fine-tuning mechanism 22, which is fixed to the end slider of the three-dimensional motion platform 21, can further optimize the laser position adjustment accuracy. It can also be composed of a slider-screw-servo motor module. Specifically, the fine-tuning mechanism 22 includes a fixed plate 221, a movable plate 222, a screw 223, a guide rod 224, and a fine-tuning servo motor 225. The fixed plate 221 is connected to the end slider of the three-dimensional motion platform 21, specifically, via the slider of the Y-axis motion platform. The screw 223, guide rod 224, and fine-tuning servo motor 225 are all mounted on the fixed plate 221. The movable plate 222 is connected to the fixed plate 221 via the screw and two guide rods 224, acting as a slider. The fine-tuning servo motor 225 drives the movable plate 222 to fine-tune the position of the laser 1 (this can be height or other positions depending on the installation orientation). This allows for further fine-tuning of the laser position to ensure processing accuracy.

[0049] The angle adjustment mechanism 23 can be an angle servo motor 231, which is mounted on the fine-tuning mechanism 22, specifically on the bottom end of the movable plate 222. The output shaft of the angle servo motor 231 is connected to the laser 1. Therefore, the angle change of the laser 1 can be driven by the angle servo motor 231, increasing the laser's degree of freedom while achieving laser angle adjustment. This effectively avoids the difficulty and poor precision of laser position adjustment in traditional laboratory benches. The positional relationship between the laser and the substrate material can be finely adjusted according to the laser parameters and process, thereby resolving the difficulty of adjusting the positional relationship between the laser and the substrate material in traditional devices, which leads to limited processing quality and precision. It also minimizes the interference of laser position and parameters on the tooth surface texture processing quality, thereby improving processing precision. To facilitate the inspection of the approximate rotation angle of the laser 1, an angle identification plate 232 can be further provided. The angle identification plate 232 has a fan-shaped structure, the center end of which is sleeved on the output shaft of the angle servo motor 231, but does not rotate with the output shaft. The angle indicator plate 232 provides visual feedback on changes in the laser angle, helping operators to monitor instrument operation and calibrate the accuracy of the equipment. The angle indicator plate 232 can be fixed to the end of the fine-tuning mechanism 22. Specifically, a fixed plate 233 is provided at its lower end to lock onto the movable plate 222. In embodiments without a fine-tuning mechanism, the angle servo motor 231 and angle indicator plate 232 of the angle adjustment mechanism 23 can be fixed to the end slider of the three-dimensional motion platform 22.

[0050] The clamping mechanism 3 is used to adjust the posture of the gear, including gear axial rotation adjustment, inclination adjustment, or vertical installation and horizontal installation adjustment, etc. Among them, the axial rotation can adjust the position of the gear tooth surface and the laser to remain unchanged, and the inclination adjustment can realize the position adjustment of the tooth surface of the special-shaped gear. The vertical installation and horizontal installation adjustment are actually the extreme positions of the inclination adjustment. In the prior art, the posture adjustment of the gear is achieved by setting a multi-axis combined transmission. The servo motors of each group are of a series structure, resulting in limited load-bearing capacity for the gear, and there are problems of overload and unstable gear clamping, which makes it impossible to guarantee the processing accuracy, further affecting the reliability of the process. In order to solve this problem, the clamping mechanism 3 used in the present invention is a spherical gear transmission mechanism that can realize three-degree-of-freedom transmission. Specifically, the spherical gear transmission mechanism includes a bracket 31, a spherical gear 32 and two sets of driving devices that can drive the spherical gear to rotate. The spherical gear 32 and the driving device are both mounted on the bracket 31, and a support rod 321 is provided on the spherical gear 32. The processing gear 9 can be mounted on the support rod 321 directly or indirectly through a clamping mechanism 6. The driving device includes a single-pole gear 33 meshing with the spherical gear 32, a servo motor 34 and a transmission device 35; the transmission device 35 is arranged between the single-pole gear 33 and the servo motor 34, and can realize multi-directional rotation of the single-pole gear 33. The transmission device 35 can be implemented in a variety of structures, such as the transmission device disclosed in publication number CN119700388A, which is composed of a structure including an inner worm gear and a small gear that mesh with each other, and two sets of small helical gears and a large helical gear that mesh with each other. The embodiment of the present invention adopts this structural transmission device. Figure 7 and Figure 8 The number 351 is a small helical gear, the number 352 is a large helical gear, and the number 353 is an inner worm gear. The small gear is inside the inner worm gear 353 and is therefore not shown. The other components of the drive device, such as bearings, housings, etc., are not the focus of this case and can adopt existing technical structures, so they are not described in detail. The two sets of meshing small helical gears and large helical gears of the transmission device 35 are driven by a servo motor 34 respectively. By controlling the speed and direction of the two servo motors 34, the single-pole gear 33 can be rotated around the X-axis or Y-axis and the X-axis and Y-axis can be rotated in conjunction, thereby controlling the rotation direction and speed of the spherical gear 32, so that the clamping mechanism can switch between the horizontal state and the vertical state (see Figure 9 In addition, the transmission device may also adopt other structures, such as the transmission devices disclosed in publication numbers CN117514578A and CN216842951U, which can be applied to the present invention.

[0051] The detection mechanism 4 is used to monitor the gear microtexturing process and quality. This detection mechanism 4 includes a data acquisition block 41 for collecting data from the gear tooth surface processing area. This data acquisition block 41 is secured to the laser 1 via a support plate 42. Specifically, the detection mechanism 4 also includes a fixed bracket 43 for securing the data acquisition block 41. This bracket 43 is secured to the support plate 42, which is in turn mounted on the laser 1. Two sets of data acquisition blocks 41 can be provided, one located symmetrically with respect to the laser 1, to provide a more comprehensive inspection of the processing area. The data acquisition block 41 can be composed of multiple sensors, such as temperature sensors and / or line structured light sensors, to enable point cloud data collection and reverse modeling of processing temperature and texture shape during processing. The data acquisition block 41 can also be equipped with LED lights to provide illumination, ensuring accurate data collection from each sensor. This real-time monitoring of the processing process enables rapid error feedback and parameter optimization, providing reliable data support for subsequent analysis.

[0052] In order to adapt to different working conditions and adjust the posture of the data acquisition block 41 during online acquisition, an adjuster can be provided to adjust the posture of the data acquisition block 41. The adjuster may include a circumferential angle adjuster or an upper and lower angle adjuster. In this embodiment, two types of adjusters are provided at the same time. The circumferential angle adjuster is a rotating bracket 44 with a circumferential servo motor 45 embedded therein to control the circumferential rotation of the data acquisition block 41, thereby being able to control the positional relationship of the detection mechanism in the circumferential direction in real time. The circumferential angle adjuster can be connected to the support plate 42 via a fixed bracket 43. The upper and lower angle adjusters include two triangular brackets connected by pins, namely an upper triangular bracket 46 and a lower triangular bracket 47. The upper triangular bracket 46 is mounted at the lower end of the circumferential angle adjuster, and the lower triangular bracket 47 is connected and fixed to the data acquisition block 41. By adjusting the positional relationship between the upper and lower triangular brackets 46 and 47, the posture of the detection mechanism can be adjusted in real time to ensure that the detection position is consistent with the processing area, thereby increasing real-time monitoring and feedback, reducing quality problems caused by detection delays in traditional processing, and significantly improving processing quality and reliability.

[0053] The proofreading module 5 provides data for establishing a base material-laser parameter matching model. The proofreading module 5 is a base material processed according to the gear material being processed, and depending on whether the processing area is a plane or an arc surface, the base material can include a plane base material 51 or an arc-shaped base material 52, or both can coexist. When both coexist, a hole that transitions with the bottom of the arc-shaped base material 52 can be set on the plane base material 51 so that the arc-shaped base material 52 can be installed on the plane base material 51. A bolt structure can be set at the bottom end of the two shapes of base materials, which can be installed and disassembled on the subsequent fixed table 7 respectively to achieve rapid replacement of different experimental base materials. This module can provide an experimental basis for the processing of different tooth surface features, and establish a database for matching base materials and laser parameters through multiple experiments to improve the reliability and accuracy of processing.

[0054] The process of establishing the base material-laser parameter matching model through the proofreading module 5 is as follows: before processing the texture on the gear tooth surface, a pre-processing experiment is first performed on the base material, that is, the laser 1 is moved to the position of the proofreading module 5 through the motion mechanism 2 to process the base material. Since the detection mechanism 4 is fixedly installed on the laser 1, it moves with the laser to the position of the proofreading module 5 to detect the processing status; during the processing, the posture of the laser 1 is controlled in real time through the motion mechanism 2, and different laser processing parameters are input. After repeated multiple times, a database matching the base material and the laser processing parameters can be established to provide a basis for subsequent tooth surface texture processing. More specifically, the position of the laser 1 is quickly adjusted by controlling the three-dimensional motion platform 21, and the laser 1 is further fine-tuned by using the fine-tuning mechanism 22; on this basis, the circumferential and vertical position relationship of the detection mechanism 4 is adjusted by the adjuster to ensure that the detection range and the processing area are in the same position; finally, the posture of the laser 1 is controlled in real time by the controller, different laser processing parameters are input, and processing is performed on flat and curved substrate materials. After repeated multiple times, a database matching the substrate material with the laser processing parameters can be established.

[0055] The fixture clamping mechanism 6 is used to clamp the processing gear 9. It should be noted that the present invention can directly install the processing gear on the support rod 321 of the clamping mechanism 3. In order to be suitable for gears of different sizes and weights, the present invention further designs the fixture clamping mechanism 6. The fixture clamping mechanism 6 includes a support frame 61 fixedly connected to the support rod 321, a plurality of slide rails 62 installed on the support frame 61, a plurality of sliding grippers 63 slidably arranged on the slide rails 62, and a fixture servo motor 64 installed on the support frame 61 that can drive the sliding grippers 63 to slide on the slide rails 62. The fixture servo motor 64 can drive each sliding gripper 63 to slide on the slide rails 62, thereby realizing the opening and closing of each sliding gripper 63.

[0056] In order to achieve synchronous sliding of all the sliding grippers 63 driven by one motor, the fixture clamping mechanism 6 is further provided with a synchronization mechanism. The synchronization mechanism can be designed with different structures according to the number and position of the sliding grippers 63. In this embodiment, the synchronization mechanism includes a cross-shaped rotating block 65 and four connecting rods 66. The cross-shaped rotating block 65 is rotatably connected to the support frame 61 via an axis 67. One end of the four connecting rods 66 is respectively hinged to an arm of the cross-shaped rotating block 65, and the other end of the four connecting rods 66 is respectively hinged to a sliding gripper 63. For this reason, the sliding grippers 63 of this embodiment are provided with four centrally symmetrically distributed ones, and the corresponding slide rails 62 are also provided with four groups. The fixture servo motor 64 is connected to one of the sliding grippers 63 via a baffle 68. The operating principle of the fixture clamping mechanism 6 is as follows: by controlling the extension and retraction of the fixture servo motor 64, the baffle 68 can drive the sliding gripper 63 connected thereto to move, and synchronously drive the connecting rod 66 connected to the sliding gripper 63 to move. The outer end of the connecting rod 66 is hinged to the sliding gripper 63 and moves with the sliding gripper 63. The inner end of the connecting rod 66 is hinged to the cross turn block 65, and the outer end of the cross turn block 65 can be pushed or pulled to rotate the cross turn block 65. When the cross turn block 65 rotates, it drives the other three connecting rods 66 to move. The other three connecting rods 66 synchronously drive the other three sliding grippers 63 to move on the slide rail 62, thereby realizing the synchronous opening and closing movement of the four sliding grippers 63, ensuring the consistency of movement and the uniformity of force.

[0057] In addition, in order to ensure a stable grip of the sliding gripper 63, an annular roller 69 can be nested in the clamping end of the sliding gripper 63. The upper end surface of the annular roller 69 is provided with an L-shaped block 60, and both sides of the L-shaped block 60 are arc-shaped surfaces.

[0058] When used for processing the tooth surface texture of a small or light gear with a slender shaft, the clamping mechanism 6 uses an annular roller 69 to clamp the slender shaft from the outside to the inside (see Figure 1 As shown), ensure stable clamping and easy operation; for large or heavy gears, the L-shaped block 60 is used to expand the clamping from the inside to the outside (see Figure 14 As shown in the figure, it expands the scope of application and improves processing efficiency, taking into account the processing needs of small lightweight gears and large heavy gears, expands the clamping range and adaptability, and meets the processing needs of various gear types and sizes.

[0059] The present invention further includes a fixing platform 7 for securing and mounting all components of the processing apparatus. This fixing platform 7 is provided with a matrix of screw holes 71 to facilitate the bolt-locking of the various components. The motion mechanism 2 and the calibration module 5 can be directly bolted to this fixing platform 7. A workbench 72, to which the clamping mechanism 3 is attached, can also be secured via studs to the fixing platform 7. Slanted baffles 73 are provided on the sides of this workbench 72 to prevent debris from flying out during processing.

[0060] The clamping mechanism 3 and the motion mechanism 2 of the present invention can also realize linkage processing, so that the present invention will have two working states. When the present invention is used for processing the tooth surface of a small size or light weight gear, such as Figure 1 As shown, the gears are clamped by controlling the servo motor on the clamping mechanism 3. The clamping mechanism 3 is then set to a horizontal position by adjusting the speed difference and direction of the transmission device 35. Based on the tooth surface shape, the motion mechanism 2 is used to synchronously control the posture of the laser 1, achieving texture-linked processing of different tooth surface features and real-time compensation of dynamic errors, resulting in higher processing precision.

[0061] When the present invention is used for processing the tooth surface of a gear that is heavy, large in size or has a relatively large inner hole, such as Figure 14 As shown, the gears are clamped by controlling the servo motor on the clamping mechanism 3. The clamping mechanism 3 is set to a vertical position by adjusting the speed difference and direction of the transmission device 35. Based on the tooth surface shape, the relative position and posture between the laser beam 1 and the tooth surface are adjusted in real time using the motion mechanism 2. This enables texture-linked processing of different tooth surface features and real-time compensation of dynamic errors, resulting in higher processing precision.

[0062] The present invention also provides a method for processing micro-texture of gear tooth surface using the above processing device, such as Figure 15 As shown, the following steps are included: Step 1: Determine the posture of the clamping mechanism: Determine the posture of the clamping mechanism according to the size or weight of the gear to be processed. If the gear is large or heavy, the clamping mechanism is vertical, otherwise it is horizontal. Step 2: Establishing a base material-laser parameter matching model: Based on the gear material to be processed, a flat base material and an arc-shaped base material identical to the gear material are prepared and installed together to form a calibration module. The motion mechanism is then used to control the laser to conduct a preliminary experiment on the base material. During the preliminary experiment, different laser processing parameters are input, and the gear microtexture processing process is detected by the detection mechanism. After repeated multiple times, a base material-laser parameter matching model is established to achieve the purpose of selecting different laser parameters for different surfaces, thereby improving reliability. Step 3, processing the micro-texture on the tooth surface: adjusting the posture of the laser on the motion mechanism, adjusting the laser to the vertical surface of the i-th tooth surface of the gear to be processed, and controlling the motion state of the motion mechanism and the clamping mechanism by the controller to realize the processing of the micro-texture on the i-th tooth surface; Step 4: Online detection and error compensation: The detection mechanism is used to detect the size, depth, and quality of the micro-texture during processing in real time. If any size or quality error is found, it is fed back to the control system. The clamping mechanism controls the posture of the processing gear and the motion mechanism controls the posture of the laser to automatically compensate for the error. The posture of the clamping mechanism, the spatial position of the three-dimensional motion platform, and the servo motors of the fine-tuning mechanism and angle adjustment mechanism can automatically compensate for errors in multiple degrees of freedom. Step 5: Processing other tooth surfaces: Adjust the rotation direction of the clamping mechanism so that the i+1th tooth surface of the gear to be processed enters the processing area, and repeat step 3 to process the tooth surface micro-texture until all tooth surfaces of the gear are processed.

[0063] In a specific example, the device and method of the present invention are used to process the surface texture of the tooth surface of 18CrNi Mo7-6 gear. The gear size is small and horizontal clamping can be used. The laser parameters are: power 600W, scanning speed 200 mm / s, processing depth 6um, width 80um, diamond and hexagonal texture processing. After processing, the tooth surface texture size is consistent with the expectation, and the surface processing quality is good. Therefore, the device and method of the present invention can finally process the following Figure 16 The microtexture shown, where Figure 16 (a) is the planar microtexture, Figure 16 (b) and (c) are the microtextures of gear tooth surfaces.

[0064] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the technical scope of the present invention. Therefore, any changes or modifications made according to the claims and description of the present invention should fall within the scope of the patent of the present invention.

Claims

1. A gear tooth surface micro-texturing laser processing device, characterized by: The invention comprises a laser (1), a motion mechanism (2) for providing spatial position changes for the laser, a clamping mechanism (3) for adjusting the gear posture, and a detection mechanism (4) for detecting the gear microtexture processing process; the detection mechanism comprises a data acquisition block (41) for acquiring data of the gear tooth surface processing area, and the data acquisition block is fixed on the laser (1) via a support plate (42).

2. The gear tooth surface micro-texturing laser processing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: It further includes a calibration module (5) that provides data for establishing a base material-laser parameter matching model. The calibration module is a base material processed according to the processed gear material; the base material may include a planar base material (51) or an arc-shaped base material (52).

3. A gear tooth surface micro-texturing laser processing device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The detection mechanism (4) is provided with an adjuster for adjusting the posture of the data acquisition block (41); the adjuster may include a circumferential angle adjuster or an upper and lower angle adjuster; the circumferential angle adjuster is a rotating bracket (44) embedded with a circumferential servo motor (45); the upper and lower angle adjuster includes two triangular brackets connected by pins, namely an upper triangular bracket (46) and a lower triangular bracket (47); the circumferential angle adjuster can be connected to the support plate (42) through a fixed bracket (43); the upper triangular bracket (46) can be installed at the lower end of the circumferential angle adjuster, and the lower triangular bracket (47) is connected and fixed to the data acquisition block (41).

4. The gear tooth surface micro-texturing laser processing device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The data acquisition block (41) includes a temperature sensor and / or a line structured light sensor, and may also be provided with an LED light.

5. The gear tooth surface micro-texturing laser processing device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The motion mechanism (2) includes a three-dimensional motion platform (21), a fine-tuning mechanism (22) or an angle adjustment mechanism (23).

6. The gear tooth surface micro-texturing laser processing device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The X, Y, and Z axis motion platforms of the three-dimensional motion platform (21) are all composed of a slider-screw-servo motor module and are driven by the servo motor of each axis respectively, and the motion platforms are connected by sliders; the fine-tuning mechanism (22) is fixed on the end slider of the three-dimensional motion platform; the fine-tuning mechanism may include a fixed plate (221), a movable plate (222), a screw (223), two guide rods (224) and a fine-tuning servo motor (225); the fixed plate is connected to the end slider of the three-dimensional motion platform (21); The screw, guide rod and fine-tuning servo motor are all arranged on the fixed plate; the movable plate is connected to the fixed plate through the screw and two guide rods; the angle adjustment mechanism (23) can be an angle servo motor (231), which is installed on the end slider of the three-dimensional motion platform or on the fine-tuning mechanism (22); the angle adjustment mechanism can further be provided with an angle identification plate (232), which is a fan-shaped structure, and its center end is sleeved on the output shaft of the angle servo motor, but does not rotate with the output shaft.

7. The gear tooth surface micro-texturing laser processing device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The clamping mechanism (3) is a spherical gear transmission mechanism, which includes a bracket (31), a spherical gear (32) and two sets of driving devices that can drive the spherical gear to rotate. The spherical gear and the driving device are both mounted on the bracket, and the spherical gear is provided with a support rod (321) on which a processing gear can be mounted; the driving device includes a single-pole gear (33) meshing with the spherical gear (32), a servo motor (34) and a transmission device (35) that can realize multi-directional rotation of the single-pole gear; the transmission device is arranged between the single-pole gear and the servo motor; the transmission device can be composed of a structure such as an inner worm gear (353) and a small gear that mesh with each other, and two sets of meshing small helical gears (351) and large helical gears (352) that mesh with each other, and the two sets of meshing small helical gears and large helical gears are respectively driven by one of the servo motors (34).

8. The gear tooth surface micro-texturing laser processing device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The clamping mechanism (3) is provided with a support rod (321), and a clamp clamping mechanism (6) is installed on the support rod; the clamp clamping mechanism includes a support frame (61) fixedly connected to the support rod (321), a plurality of slide rails (62) installed on the support frame, a plurality of sliding grippers (63) slidably arranged on the slide rails (62), and a clamp servo motor (64) installed on the support frame (61) that can drive the sliding grippers to slide on the slide rails; the clamp clamping mechanism (6) can further be provided with a synchronization mechanism, which includes a cross rotating block (65) and four connecting rods (66). The cross-rotating block is rotatably connected to the support frame (61) through a shaft (67), one end of each of the four connecting rods is hinged to an arm of the cross-rotating block, and the other end of each of the four connecting rods is hinged to a sliding gripper; for this purpose, the sliding grippers are provided with four centrally symmetrically distributed ones, and the corresponding slide rails are also provided with four groups; the clamping servo motor is connected to one of the sliding grippers through a baffle (68); further, the clamping end of the sliding gripper (63) can be nested with an annular roller (69), and the upper end face of the annular roller is provided with an L-shaped block (60), and both sides of the L-shaped block are arc-shaped surfaces.

9. The gear tooth surface micro-texturing laser processing device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: A fixed platform (7) is further provided for fixing and installing all parts of the processing device. The fixed platform is provided with a plurality of screw holes (71) arranged in a matrix to facilitate the usual bolt locking of the parts. The motion mechanism (2) or the calibration module (5) is directly fixed to the fixed platform by bolts. A workbench (72) can also be fixed to the fixed platform (7) by studs, and the clamping mechanism (3) is fixed to the workbench. The side of the workbench is provided with an inclined baffle (73).

10. A method for machining microtexture on a gear tooth surface using the machining device according to claim 2, the method comprising the following steps: Step 1: Determine the posture of the clamping mechanism: Determine the posture of the clamping mechanism according to the size or weight of the gear to be processed. If the gear is large or heavy, the clamping mechanism is vertical, otherwise it is horizontal. Step 2: Establishing a base material-laser parameter matching model: Based on the gear material to be processed, a base material identical to the gear material is prepared as a calibration module. The motion mechanism is then used to control the laser to conduct a preliminary experiment on the base material. During the preliminary experiment, different laser processing parameters are input, and the gear microtexture processing process is detected by the detection mechanism. After repeated multiple times, a base material-laser parameter matching model is established. Step 3: Processing the micro-texture on the tooth surface: adjusting the laser posture on the motion mechanism, adjusting the laser to the vertical surface of the i-th tooth surface of the gear to be processed, and realizing the micro-texture processing on the i-th tooth surface by controlling the motion state of the motion mechanism and the clamping mechanism; Step 4, online detection and error compensation: The size, depth and quality of the micro-texture during the processing are detected in real time by combining the detection mechanism. If any size or quality error is found, it is fed back to the control system, and the posture of the processed gear is controlled by the clamping mechanism and the posture of the laser is controlled by the motion mechanism to automatically compensate for the error; Step 5: Processing other tooth surfaces: Adjust the rotation direction of the clamping mechanism so that the i+1th tooth surface of the gear to be processed enters the processing area, and repeat step 3 to process the tooth surface micro-texture until all tooth surfaces of the gear are processed.

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