Lightweight cement-based vegetation material, preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of materials, and particularly relates to a light cement-based vegetation material, a preparation method and application thereof. The invention provides a specific light cement-based vegetation material, the cement-based vegetation mortar is mainly composed of cement, plant-based aggregate and water, and the plant-based aggregate comprises miscanthus powder and / or peach shells. According to the series of light cement-based vegetation materials, through the porous characteristic of the miscanthus powder and strict control over the mass ratio of the cement to the miscanthus powder, the product has the characteristics of high water absorption and water slow release.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of materials, and in particular relates to a lightweight cement-based vegetation material, a preparation method and an application thereof. Background Art

[0002] Traditional concrete, due to its high strength and durability, is widely used in high-rise buildings, transportation hubs, and infrastructure. However, its dense structure and high alkalinity (pH > 12) are not conducive to plant growth, and the "heat island effect" has become a problem in megacities. Traditional concrete exhibits significant limitations, primarily: 1) its low permeability exacerbates surface runoff, hindering the connection between surface and groundwater systems; and 2) its rigid structure lacks an ecological interface, hindering plant colonization and natural community succession.

[0003] Eco-concrete, also known as vegetative concrete or green concrete, regulates its pore structure and alkaline environment to provide space for plant roots while maintaining mechanical properties. It exhibits excellent water permeability, water retention, and ecological adaptability. However, current eco-concrete still suffers from two key technical bottlenecks: an imbalance in water retention and release capacity and a faster deterioration in compressive strength than conventional concrete.

[0004] The introduction of plant-based materials provides a new path to improve the performance of eco-concrete. For example, agricultural waste such as peach kernel shells and oil palm shells exhibit excellent water absorption and retention capabilities due to their multi-level pore structure and high specific surface area. Studies have shown that concrete with the addition of 15% bamboo fiber can extend the water retention period to 45 days in a simulated drought environment, which is highly consistent with the water demand curve of typical herbaceous plants. In addition, bio-based materials can give eco-concrete multiple functional coupling mechanisms, including: 1) The hydroxyl and carboxyl groups on the fiber surface can selectively adsorb harmful ions and be converted into nutrients that can be used by plants through microorganisms; 2) Humic acid generated by the degradation of bio-based materials can significantly reduce the alkalinity of the cement system, while promoting the carbonization of cement hydration products to form a stable structure and improve long-term stability; 3) The plant fiber network and plant root system synergistically construct an "ecological anchoring layer", which increases the anti-scouring ability of the composite system by 2-3 times, significantly better than traditional vegetation slope protection methods.

[0005] Based on the feasibility of introducing plant-based materials to improve the performance of ecological concrete, the present invention provides a series of lightweight cement-based vegetation materials. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the poor ecological performance of existing cement-based materials, the present invention provides lightweight cement-based bioremediation materials, preparation methods, and applications. Using cement, plant-based aggregates, and water as raw materials, the materials achieve excellent fiber-matrix interfacial bonding, creating a multifunctional bioremediation system with both excellent mechanical and ecological properties. These lightweight cement-based bioremediation materials exhibit high water absorption and sustained water release, providing efficient and sustainable technical solutions for ecological restoration projects such as river ecosystems, mine restoration, and post-disaster reconstruction.

[0007] First, the present invention provides a series of lightweight cement-based vegetation materials. Based on the characteristics of plant-based aggregates, the modified cement-based vegetation mortar and vegetation concrete products both have the characteristics of "high water absorption" and "slow water release".

[0008] The first specific lightweight cement-based vegetation material provided by the present invention is a cement-based vegetation mortar primarily composed of cement, plant-based aggregate, and water, with the plant-based aggregate being Miscanthus sinensis powder. The mass ratio of cement, Miscanthus sinensis powder, and water is 1:(0.25-1):(0.793-5.125).

[0009] The second specific lightweight cement-based vegetation material provided by the present invention is also a cement-based vegetation mortar, primarily composed of cement, plant-based aggregate, SAP, and water, with the plant-based aggregate being Miscanthus sinensis powder. This material is designated as B# cement-based vegetation mortar. The mass ratio of cement, Miscanthus sinensis powder, SAP, and water is 1:(0.25-1):(0.001-0.003):(0.793-5.125).

[0010] The third specific lightweight cement-based biomass material provided herein is a biomass concrete primarily composed of cement, biomass aggregate, and water. The biomass aggregate includes crushed stone as a coarse aggregate and Miscanthus sinensis powder as a fine aggregate. This is designated C# Biomass Concrete. The mass ratio of cement, crushed stone, Miscanthus sinensis powder, and water is 1:(4.838-5.518):(0.25-1):(0.793-5.125).

[0011] The fourth specific lightweight cement-based vegetation material provided by the present invention is a vegetation concrete, which is mainly composed of cement, plant-based aggregate and water. The plant-based aggregate only contains coarse aggregate, and the coarse aggregate is a mixture of peach shells and gravel or only peach shells, which is recorded as D# vegetation concrete.

[0012] The fifth specific lightweight cement-based vegetation material provided by the present invention is a vegetation concrete, which is mainly composed of cement, plant-based aggregate and water. The plant-based aggregate includes coarse aggregate and fine aggregate. The coarse aggregate is a mixture of peach shells and crushed stones or only peach shells, and the fine aggregate is Miscanthus powder, which is recorded as E# vegetation concrete.

[0013] Based on the unified technical concept of using cement, plant-based aggregate, and water as the main raw materials, the present invention provides five specific formulations of lightweight cement-based biomass materials. These products are divided into four groups based on the specific selection of plant-based aggregates, as shown in Table 1: Table 1 Comparison of specific material selection of plant-based aggregates in various lightweight cement-based vegetation materials

[0014] There are five typical lightweight cement-based vegetation materials, namely A# cement-based vegetation mortar, B# cement-based vegetation mortar, C# vegetation concrete, D# vegetation concrete, and E# vegetation concrete. The main raw materials include cement, plant-based aggregate, and water. The main components of the plant-based aggregate that play the water absorption and release modification function are Miscanthus powder and / or peach shells, and the Miscanthus powder and peach shells that have been pyrolysis and carbonization treatment are selected.

[0015] According to the specific selection of plant-based aggregates, A# cement-based vegetation mortar and B# cement-based vegetation mortar are a group. The plant-based aggregates in both groups only contain Miscanthus powder, and the Miscanthus powder is used as fine aggregate. The main difference between the two cement-based vegetation mortars is whether SAP is added. C# vegetation concrete, D# vegetation concrete, and E# vegetation concrete are all configured with coarse aggregates, but according to the specific selection of plant-based aggregates, each is a group. C# vegetation concrete is equivalent to adding crushed stone as coarse aggregate to A# cement-based vegetation mortar, E# vegetation concrete is equivalent to adding peach shells or a mixture of peach shells and crushed stone as coarse aggregate to A# cement-based vegetation mortar, and D# vegetation concrete is equivalent to replacing Miscanthus powder with peach shells or a mixture of peach shells and crushed stone on the basis of A# cement-based vegetation mortar.

[0016] Furthermore, in the mixture of peach shells and crushed stone, peach shells account for 50%-100% of the total volume of the coarse aggregate. It should be noted that the mixture of peach shells accounting for 100% of the total volume of the coarse aggregate is a special case of the peach shell-crushed stone mixture. To more accurately describe this special case, the present invention describes the formula of "peach shells accounting for 100% of the total volume of the coarse aggregate" as the coarse aggregate consisting solely of peach shells.

[0017] In the present invention, cement, as a bonding material, is generally 52.5 grade Portland cement, with a specific density of 3.12 g / cm 3 , with a specific surface area of ​​3550 cm 2 / g.

[0018] In the present invention, the Miscanthus powder is made by grinding the thin-walled tissue of Miscanthus and carbonizing it at high temperature. The particle size is 100-500 μm and the density is 1.57 g / cm 3. The water absorption rate of Miscanthus powder in 24 hours can reach more than five times its own mass, such as: 525%. It should be noted that the Miscanthus powder used in the present invention is different from Miscanthus fiber. In the prior art, the tensile and flexural strengths are enhanced by adding Miscanthus fiber to concrete. In the present invention, the addition of Miscanthus powder, especially the addition of Miscanthus powder after pyrolysis and carbonization treatment, is mainly to utilize the porous properties of Miscanthus powder to achieve the high water absorption and slow water release properties of cement-based vegetation materials.

[0019] In the present invention, the crushed stone has a particle size of 2 to 5 mm.

[0020] In the present invention, peach shells are carbonized at high temperature and have a density of 1.2 g / cm 3 The water absorption rate of peach shell in 24 hours is about one-fifth of its own mass, such as: 19.4%.

[0021] In this invention, SAP, a superabsorbent and water-retaining agent, has a particle size of 200-400 μm. SAP, or Superabsorbent Polymer, is a new functional polymer material. SAP is added to B# cement-based vegetation mortar, compared to A# cement-based vegetation mortar, to improve the material's water retention and drought resistance. SAP can also be incorporated into C# vegetation concrete, D# vegetation concrete, and E# vegetation concrete, depending on actual needs.

[0022] In the present invention, the amount of water used needs to take into account the water absorption of the plant-based aggregate itself and the water consumption of the cement mortar. The plant-based aggregate mainly absorbs water from Miscanthus powder and peach shell, while the water absorption of crushed stone is negligible.

[0023] The components of the A# and B# cement-based vegetation mortars disclosed herein are used as examples for illustration. The mass ratio of cement to Miscanthus powder is 1:(0.25-1). The mass of water used in cement mortar is calculated based on the water-cement ratio of 0.35-0.4 for cement mortar, meaning the mass ratio of water to cement is (0.35-0.4):1. Therefore, to prepare lightweight cement-based vegetation materials, 0.35-0.4 parts of cement mortar water are required for every 1 part of cement. Miscanthus powder has a 24-hour water absorption rate of 525%. When preparing Miscanthus powder, the water absorption is calculated based on 30%-90% of its 24-hour water absorption rate, resulting in a Miscanthus powder water absorption ratio of (1.575-4.725):1. Therefore, to prepare lightweight cement-based vegetation materials, 1.575-4.725 parts of water are required for every 1 part of Miscanthus powder. Combined with the mass ratio of cement to Miscanthus powder being 1:(0.25-1), we can deduce that for every 0.25-1 part of Miscanthus powder, we need to add 0.39375-4.725 parts of water. Adding these two amounts of water together, we get a mass ratio of cement, Miscanthus powder, and water of 1:(0.25-1):(0.74375-5.125).

[0024] Compared with A# cement-based vegetation mortar and B# cement-based vegetation mortar, the mass ratio of cement, plant-based aggregate and water in C# vegetation concrete, D# vegetation concrete and E# vegetation concrete will also change after coarse aggregate is configured in the plant-based aggregate.

[0025] It should be noted that the multiple formulations disclosed herein are limited by the mass ratio ranges of the raw materials. However, in actual construction, raw materials are usually weighed according to the clear mass ratios after the design ratio values ​​are determined. Considering factors such as the large amount of raw materials used, the low accuracy requirements for the ratios, and the low precision of weighing tools at the construction site, the actual weighed raw material values ​​may differ from the calculated weights based on the design ratio values. Generally, if the deviation between the actual weighed value and the required weight does not exceed 5%, it can be considered to meet the construction requirements.

[0026] Second, the present invention provides a series of preparation methods of lightweight cement-based vegetation materials, which are respectively used to prepare A# cement-based vegetation mortar, B# cement-based vegetation mortar, C# vegetation concrete, D# vegetation concrete, and E# vegetation concrete.

[0027] The first preparation method of a lightweight cement-based vegetation material provided by the present invention is specifically a method for preparing A# cement-based vegetation mortar: this method uses cement, Miscanthus powder, and water as main raw materials, first determines the amount of cement and the amount of Miscanthus powder, and then determines the total amount of water based on the designed water-cement ratio of the cement mortar and the water absorption ratio of the Miscanthus powder. Then, the quantitatively obtained cement, Miscanthus powder, and water are stirred together to prepare a cement-based vegetation mortar that does not contain SAP.

[0028] The second preparation method of the lightweight cement-based vegetation material provided by the present invention is specifically a method for preparing B# cement-based vegetation mortar: this method uses cement, Miscanthus powder, SAP, and water as main raw materials, first determines the amount of cement, the amount of Miscanthus powder, and the amount of SAP, and determines the total amount of water based on the designed water-cement ratio of the cement mortar and the water absorption ratio of the Miscanthus powder. Then, the quantitatively obtained Miscanthus powder and SAP are premixed, and then cement and water are added and stirred evenly to prepare a cement-based vegetation mortar containing SAP.

[0029] The third method for preparing a lightweight cement-based biomass material provided herein is specifically a method for preparing C# biomass concrete. The method uses cement, crushed stone, Miscanthus sinensis powder, and water as the main raw materials. The amounts of crushed stone, cement, and Miscanthus sinensis powder are first determined, and the total amount of water is determined based on the designed water-cement ratio of the cement mortar and the water absorption ratio of the Miscanthus sinensis powder. The measured amounts of cement, coarse aggregate, Miscanthus sinensis powder, and water are then mixed together to produce C# biomass concrete. The crushed stone is a common coarse aggregate.

[0030] The fourth method for preparing lightweight cement-based vegetation materials provided by the present invention is specifically a method for preparing D# vegetation concrete: using cement, gravel, peach shells, and water as main raw materials, first determine the amount of cement, the amount of gravel, the amount of peach shells, and the total amount of water, and then mix the quantitatively obtained cement, gravel, peach shells, and water together to prepare D# vegetation concrete.

[0031] The fifth method for preparing lightweight cement-based vegetation materials provided by the present invention is specifically a method for preparing E# vegetation concrete: using cement, gravel, peach shells, miscanthus powder, and water as main raw materials, first determine the amount of cement, the amount of gravel, the amount of peach shells, the amount of miscanthus powder, and the total amount of water, and then mix the quantitatively obtained cement, gravel, peach shells, miscanthus powder, and water together to prepare E# vegetation concrete.

[0032] When determining the total water usage for each of the five preparation methods described above, it's necessary to first calculate the water usage for both the cement mortar and the plant-based aggregate, ignoring the water absorption of the crushed stone. The first water usage, calculated based on the cement usage and the designed water-cement ratio for the cement mortar, represents the water usage for the cement mortar. The second water usage, calculated based on the Miscanthus powder and / or peach shell usage in the plant-based aggregate and the designed water absorption ratio for the plant-based aggregate, represents the water absorption of the plant-based aggregate. Specifically, when the plant-based aggregate includes Miscanthus powder but does not include peach shells, such as: A# cement-based vegetation mortar, B# cement-based vegetation mortar, C# vegetation concrete, the second water usage is the product of the "amount of Miscanthus powder" and the designed "water absorption ratio of Miscanthus powder"; when the plant-based aggregate includes Miscanthus powder but does not include peach shells, such as: D# cement-based vegetation mortar, the second water usage is the product of the "amount of peach shells" and the designed "water absorption ratio of peach shells"; when the plant-based aggregate includes both Miscanthus powder and peach shells, such as: E# vegetation concrete, the second water usage is the sum of two products, the first product is the product of the "amount of Miscanthus powder" and the designed "water absorption ratio of Miscanthus powder"; the second product is the product of the "amount of peach shells" and the designed "water absorption ratio of peach shells".

[0033] Third, the present invention provides the use of the above-mentioned A# cement-based vegetation mortar, B# cement-based vegetation mortar, C# vegetation concrete, D# vegetation concrete, and E# vegetation concrete as green building materials.

[0034] The beneficial effects of the present invention are mainly as follows.

[0035] (1) The series of lightweight cement-based planting materials provided by the present invention improve the porosity of mortar and concrete by adding plant-based aggregates, have good water retention and water release capabilities, and can provide a continuous and stable water supply for plant roots, making it conducive to seed germination and plant growth.

[0036] (2) The series of lightweight cement-based vegetation materials provided by the present invention can be widely used in ecological projects such as mine ecological restoration, river bank protection, and reconstruction of degraded foundations. They have good ecological functions, construction adaptability, and material durability, and can reduce maintenance costs caused by frequent replanting or structural damage, improve restoration efficiency, and have good engineering promotion value.

[0037] (3) The series of lightweight cement-based vegetation materials provided by the present invention can also absorb harmful ions released by the cement matrix, reduce the risk of pollution to soil and water bodies, and promote the coordinated development of building materials and the natural environment.

[0038] (4) The preparation method of the lightweight cement-based vegetation material provided by the present invention has low operation requirements and low difficulty in quality control, and is very suitable for wide promotion and implementation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0039] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the general preparation method of a lightweight cement-based vegetation material described in the present invention.

[0040] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a method for preparing a lightweight cement-based vegetation material according to the present invention, specifically a schematic diagram of a method for preparing A# cement-based vegetation mortar or B# cement-based vegetation mortar.

[0041] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the preparation method of a lightweight cement-based vegetation material described in the present invention, specifically a schematic diagram of the preparation of C# vegetation concrete.

[0042] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the preparation method of a lightweight cement-based vegetation material described in the present invention, specifically a schematic diagram of the preparation of D# vegetation concrete.

[0043] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the main structure of Miscanthus sinensis.

[0044] Figure 6 The following are the physical pictures and microscopic structure pictures of Miscanthus powder; Figure 6 (a) is a physical picture of Miscanthus powder. Figure 6 (b) is the microstructure of Miscanthus powder. Figure 6 (c) is a photo of pyrolysis carbonized Miscanthus powder.

[0045] Figure 7 This is the density measurement result of the cement-based vegetation mortar in Example 2.

[0046] Figure 8 This is the measurement result of the water absorption capacity of the cement-based vegetation mortar in Example 2.

[0047] Figure 9 These are the water release capacity measurement results of the cement-based vegetation mortar in Example 2.

[0048] Figure 10 These are the mechanical strength test results of the cement-based vegetation mortar in Example 2.

[0049] Figure 11 It is a grass seed sowing method; among them, Figure 11 (a) is a schematic diagram of sowing method 1. Figure 11 (b) is a schematic diagram of sowing method 2.

[0050] Figure 12 This is the actual growth state of the cement-based plant mortar plant in Example 2; wherein, Figure 12 (a) is the growth status of the plant when sowing grass seeds using the sowing method. Figure 12 (b) shows the growth status of the plant when grass seeds are sown using sowing method 2.

[0051] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the root growth status of plants in the cement-based planting mortar in Example 2.

[0052] Figure 14 This is a statistical graph showing the change in plant height over time when sowing grass seeds using sowing method 1 in Example 2.

[0053] Figure 15 This is a statistical graph showing the change in plant height over time when grass seeds are sown using sowing method 2 in Example 2.

[0054] Figure 16 The physical picture and microstructure picture of SAP; Figure 16 (a) is a physical picture of SAP. Figure 16 (b) Microstructure of SAP.

[0055] Figure 17 It is the mechanical strength test value of the cement-based vegetation mortar in Example 4.

[0056] Figure 18 This is a statistical graph showing the change in the number of leaves over time during the growth of plants in the cement-based vegetation mortar in Example 4.

[0057] Figure 19 This is a statistical graph showing the change in vegetation coverage over time during the growth of plants in the cement-based vegetation mortar in Example 4.

[0058] Figure 20 These are the results of a drought test in Example 4 in which water addition was stopped one month after sowing the grass seeds.

[0059] Figure 21 This is a microscopic image of the roots of the plant growing in concrete numbered M10 in Example 6; wherein, Figure 21 (a) is a microscopic image of the plant root at position 1. Figure 21 (b) is a microscopic image of the plant roots at position 2. Figure 21 (c) is a microscopic image of the plant root at position 3.

[0060] Figure 22 The following are the physical pictures and microscopic structure pictures of peach shell; Figure 22 (a) is a real picture of peach shell. Figure 22 (b) is the microstructure of peach shell.

[0061] Figure 23 The microstructure diagram of the bonding between peach shell and mortar interface; Figure 23 (a) is the microstructure of the interface between untreated peach shell and mortar. Figure 23 (b) Microstructure diagram of the interface between pyrolysis carbonized peach shell and mortar.

[0062] Figure 24 Schematic diagram of the water and fertilizer retention mechanism of the vegetation concrete numbered Ref.4, LPS, and HPS in Example 8; wherein, Figure 24 (a) is a schematic diagram of the water and fertilizer retention mechanism of Ref.4. Figure 24 (b) Schematic diagram of the water and fertilizer retention mechanism of LPS. Figure 24 (c) Schematic diagram of the water and fertilizer retention mechanism of HPS.

[0063] Figure 25 This is a statistical graph showing the change in N concentration in the vegetation concrete over time in Example 8.

[0064] Figure 26 This is a statistical graph showing the change in K concentration in the vegetation concrete over time in Example 8.

[0065] Figure 27 This is a statistical graph showing the change in P concentration over time in the vegetation concrete in Example 8. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0066] The above content of the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the specific embodiments of the present invention. However, this should not be construed as limiting the scope of the above subject matter of the present invention to the following examples. Various substitutions or modifications made according to common technical knowledge and customary means in the art without departing from the above technical concept of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.

[0067] Example 1: Based on the technical concept of a lightweight cement-based biomass material mainly composed of cement, plant-based aggregate and water, the principle diagram of the general preparation method is as follows Figure 1 shown.

[0068] This embodiment provides a lightweight cement-based vegetation material, which is mainly composed of cement, Miscanthus powder, and water. The mass ratio of cement, Miscanthus powder, and water is 1: (0.25-1): (0.793-5.125). Figure 2 As shown, without adding SAP, cement, Miscanthus powder and water meeting the above ratio were placed in a mixer and stirred to obtain a mortar, which was recorded as A# cement-based vegetation mortar.

[0069] The cement used in preparing A# cement-based vegetation mortar is 52.5 grade Portland cement. 52.5 grade Portland cement has a specific density of 3.12 g / cm 3 , with a specific surface area of ​​3550 cm 2 / g.

[0070] The Miscanthus powder used in the preparation of A# cement-based vegetation mortar is made by grinding the thin-walled tissue of Miscanthus. After high-temperature carbonization treatment, the particle size is 100-500μm and the density is 1.57g / cm 3 The water absorption rate in 24 hours is about 525% of its own mass.

[0071] It should be noted that the Miscanthus powder used in all embodiments of the present invention is different from ordinary Miscanthus fiber. Figure 5 As shown in the figure, the main trunk of Miscanthus sinensis consists of epidermis, sclerenchyma, and parenchyma from the outside to the inside. The epidermis and the external sclerenchyma are mainly used to provide strength, while the internal parenchyma is mainly used to provide pores. Miscanthus sinensis powder treated by high temperature carbonization is also called "pyrolysis carbonized Miscanthus sinensis powder". Figure 6 As shown, Figure 6 (a) shows a real picture of Miscanthus powder. Figure 6 (b) shows the microstructure of Miscanthus powder, i.e. Figure 6 (c) shows a photo of pyrolyzed carbonized Miscanthus grass powder. Adding Miscanthus grass of different forms and processing methods to cement-based materials can have varying effects on the material's water absorption, mechanical properties, shrinkage, and other properties. In existing technology, the addition of Miscanthus grass fibers enhances the tensile and flexural strength of materials. In the present invention, the addition of Miscanthus grass powder leverages its porous properties to provide a favorable rooting environment for plants. The material's high water absorption and slow water release properties also enhance the plant's drought tolerance, thereby increasing its survival rate.

[0072] The water used to prepare the A# cement-based vegetation mortar consists of water for the cement mortar and water absorbed by the Miscanthus grass powder. In this example, the mass of the water for the cement mortar is calculated based on a water-cement ratio of 0.35-0.4 for the cement mortar, resulting in a mass ratio of (0.35-0.4):1 for the cement mortar water:cement. The mass of the water absorbed by the Miscanthus grass powder itself is calculated as 1.575-4.725 of the Miscanthus grass powder itself, resulting in a mass ratio of (1.575-4.725):1 for the Miscanthus grass powder itself.

[0073] In this embodiment, the method for preparing A# cement-based vegetation mortar is to first determine the amount of cement and the amount of Miscanthus powder based on the mass ratio of cement to Miscanthus powder of 1:(0.25-1), and determine the total amount of water based on the designed water-cement ratio of the cement mortar of 0.35-0.4 and the water absorption ratio of the Miscanthus powder of 1.575-4.725. Then, the quantitatively obtained cement, Miscanthus powder, and water are mixed together to prepare a cement-based vegetation mortar that does not contain SAP.

[0074] It should be noted that the actual total water usage is usually greater than the "total water usage determined based on the designed cement mortar water-cement ratio of 0.35-0.4 and the Miscanthus powder water absorption ratio of 1.575-4.725" to ensure that the lightweight cement-based vegetation material can still be stirred and prevented from premature solidification even if other water-absorbing materials are added to the lightweight cement-based vegetation material or the preparation time is too long. This is common knowledge in the field and will not be elaborated on.

[0075] Example 2: This embodiment is described in detail based on the first embodiment.

[0076] In the first experimental group, several A# cement-based mortar samples were prepared using the same method with different raw material ratios. These samples were used for mechanical strength testing, observation of grass seed growth, and other comparative analyses. The sample dimensions were 6.53 cm × φ15.0 cm.

[0077] Specifically, the samples were prepared and sown as follows: Step A1: using cement as a binder and Miscanthus powder as a plant-based fine aggregate, the cement, Miscanthus powder, and water are quantitatively weighed according to a designed mix ratio; Step A2: Pour cement and Miscanthus powder into a mixer, add water and stir for 2-5 minutes to obtain a wet slurry; Step A3: Divide the wet slurry into two parts. Pour one part into the mold and place it in a standard curing room. Figure 11 The sowing method 1 and sowing method 2 shown are for sowing grass seeds.

[0078] Figure 11(a) illustrates the implementation of Sowing Method 1. Sowing Method 1 is a direct seeding method, in which grass seeds are sown on the upper surface of lightweight cement-based planting materials. Specifically, prepare the formed specimen, planting box, grass seeds, filling layer material, gardening soil, plastic film, and a ruler. Once prepared, evenly spread a 3cm layer of filling material on the bottom of the planting box to enhance the air permeability of the lightweight cement-based planting material. Place the specimen in the center above the filling layer, and sprinkle some gravel around it for filling. Then, spread a 0.5cm thick layer of gardening soil on the upper surface of the specimen. After sowing the grass seeds, lay a 1.5cm thick layer of gardening soil to form a soil layer covering the grass seeds. Finally, cover the gardening soil with a layer of plastic film until the seeds germinate. Gravel, long biomass fibers, etc. are generally used as filling layer materials.

[0079] Figure 11 (b) illustrates the implementation of sowing method 2. Sowing method 2 is a mixed sowing method, in which grass seeds are mixed into the wet slurry and then poured into the planting box. Specifically, during the sample preparation process, grass seeds are mixed into the wet slurry and poured directly into the planting box. The surface is covered with approximately 2 cm of garden soil, and then a layer of plastic film is covered on the garden soil until the seeds germinate.

[0080] Furthermore, a scale with graduated values ​​is designed and inserted into the planting box. The water level is observed by the scale to determine the timing and frequency of watering. Usually, the water level is set at the height of the sample, such as 6.35cm.

[0081] For the first test group, the following was used: Based on the design of a water-cement ratio of 0.37 for the cement mortar, a water absorption ratio of 2.5 for the Miscanthus powder, and a cement-to-Miscanthus powder mass ratio of 1:0.25, 1:0.5, 1:0.75, and 1:1.0, the raw materials were weighed according to the ratios in Table 2. Samples were prepared and sown according to the above method, and the test numbers were designated M0.25, M0.5, M0.75, and M1, respectively. Samples cured in a standard curing room were used to test compressive and flexural strength. Samples sown with grass seeds were regularly watered at a constant temperature of 23°C indoors to monitor their growth.

[0082] The compressive strength and flexural strength test results of the samples in the first test group after curing for 28 days are shown in Table 2: Table 2 Compressive strength and flexural strength test results of each sample in the first test group

[0083] The samples with test numbers M0.25, M0.5, M0.75 and M1 were tested and the density was measured as follows: Figure 7 As shown, the water absorption capacity is Figure 8 As shown, the water release capacity is Figure 9As shown in the figure, the compressive strength and flexural strength test results after 28 days of curing are as follows: Figure 10 shown. Figure 8 The water absorption rate of the M1 sample in 24 hours can reach 106%. Figure 9 The more water released from the recycled water, the more water can be supplied to the plants under drought conditions, and the better they can resist the drought environment.

[0084] Comprehensive testing results show that the higher the content of Miscanthus grass powder, the lower the mechanical strength of the material. On the one hand, the organic acids in Miscanthus grass powder have strong calcium chelating groups, which can reduce calcium ion concentration, prevent the formation of silicates and calcium silicate hydrate (CSH), and reduce the mechanical strength of concrete. On the other hand, Miscanthus grass powder has a porous structure, so its addition significantly increases the porosity of the material. The higher the content of Miscanthus grass powder, the more pores there are in the material's microstructure. These micropores help improve the material's water absorption and release properties, but also contribute to the reduction in mechanical strength.

[0085] Take a portion of the samples with the same proportions in test numbers M0.25, M0.5, M0.75, and M1 and sow 10g of grass seeds according to sowing method 1 and sowing method 2. Then, the samples sown with grass seeds were continuously observed for control. The actual growth status of the plants in the cement-based planting mortar is as follows: Figure 12 As shown, Figure 12 (a) Figure 12 (b) shows the growth status of plants after sowing using sowing method 1 and sowing method 2; the root growth status of plants in cement-based planting mortar is as follows: Figure 13 As shown in the figure, the height of the plants in cement-based mortar planted with grass seeds changes over time. Figure 14 As shown in the figure, the height of the plants in cement-based mortar planted with grass seeds using sowing method 2 changes over time. Figure 15 Comprehensive testing results show that the higher the Miscanthus powder content, the better the survival rate and growth of the seeds. This shows that excessive strength is not necessarily beneficial for plant growth. When the material's strength is too high, most seeds will not germinate properly after being buried. Although increasing the material's porosity reduces its mechanical strength, it provides ample space for seed germination and is more conducive to the development of plant roots.

[0086] The test results also found that the method of directly sowing grass seeds on the surface of the material resulted in taller plants than the method of mixing grass seeds into the material. On the one hand, sowing method 1, in which grass seeds are directly sown on the surface of the material, allows the seeds to have ample exposure to air and light, absorbing water more easily and facilitating germination. On the other hand, sowing method 2, in which grass seeds are mixed into the material, some seeds are encased in mortar, isolated from the outside world, and lack water and oxygen, resulting in a lower germination rate. On the other hand, after grass seeds are mixed into cement materials, especially during the early stages of material curing, they may be directly exposed to a highly alkaline environment, making the seed embryo susceptible to chemical burns and reducing germination vitality. Grass seeds sown on the surface are less affected by the alkalinity of cement-based materials.

[0087] The rest of this embodiment is the same as that of embodiment 1, so it will not be described again.

[0088] Example 3: This embodiment provides a lightweight cement-based vegetation material, which is mainly composed of cement, Miscanthus powder, SAP, and water. The mass ratio of cement, Miscanthus powder, SAP, and water is 1: (0.25-1): (0.001-0.003): (0.793-5.125). Figure 2 As shown, SAP was added and cement, Miscanthus powder, SAP and water meeting the above ratio were placed in a mixer and stirred to obtain a mortar, which was recorded as B# cement-based vegetation mortar.

[0089] Compared with A# cement-based vegetation mortar, B# cement-based vegetation mortar has SAP added to improve the water retention capacity and drought resistance of the material. The particle size of SAP used in the preparation of B# cement-based vegetation mortar is 200~400μm. Figure 16 As shown, Figure 16 (a) shows a physical picture of SAP. Figure 16 (b) Schematic diagram of the microstructure of SAP. First, SAP acts as tiny "reservoirs" within cementitious materials, absorbing water during the initial stages of cement hydration. As the hydration process accelerates and the ion concentration in the pore solution increases, the water within the SAP is gradually released, providing water for further hydration of the cement, thereby increasing the density and strength of the cementitious material and enhancing its durability. Second, the addition of SAP can also improve the workability of cementitious materials, reduce drying and plastic shrinkage, and enhance crack resistance. After SAP absorbs water and expands, the water within it is released into the capillary pores within the cementitious material through diffusion and osmosis, filling the pores and blocking air ingress, thereby reducing water evaporation. Furthermore, the water-retention effect of SAP can also reduce the osmotic pressure within the cementitious material, slowing the rate of cement hydration reaction, enabling a more even distribution of hydration products, improving the pore structure, and enhancing the material's density and strength.

[0090] The calculation method for the total amount of cement, Miscanthus powder and water used in preparing B# cement-based vegetation mortar is the same as that in Example 1 and will not be repeated here.

[0091] Example 4: This embodiment is described in detail based on the third embodiment.

[0092] In the second experimental group, several B# cement-based mortar samples were prepared using the same method with different raw material ratios. These samples were used for mechanical strength testing, observation of grass seed growth, and other comparative analyses. The sample dimensions were 6.53 cm × φ15.0 cm.

[0093] Specifically, the samples were prepared and sown as follows: Step B1: using cement as a bonding material, Miscanthus powder as a plant-based fine aggregate, and SAP as a highly absorbent and water-retaining agent, and quantitatively weighing cement, Miscanthus powder, SAP, and water according to a designed mix ratio; Step B2: First, mix the Miscanthus powder and SAP evenly, then pour them into a mixer together with cement, and then add water and stir for 2-5 minutes to obtain a wet slurry; Step B3: Divide the wet slurry into two parts. Pour one part into the mold and place it in a standard curing room. Figure 11 The sowing method 1 and sowing method 2 shown are for sowing grass seeds.

[0094] The size of the sample, sowing method 1, sowing method 2, and watering precautions are the same as those in Example 2 and will not be repeated here.

[0095] The second test group was based on the following principles: Based on a cement-to-miscanthus powder mass ratio of 1:0.6, a designed water-cement ratio of 0.37 for the cement mortar, a designed water absorption ratio of 2.627 for the miscanthus powder, and SAP additions of 0%, 0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.3% of the cement mass, raw materials were weighed according to the raw material ratios in Table 3. Samples were prepared and sown according to Sowing Method 1, Sowing Method 2, watering precautions, and sample size requirements described in Example 2. The test numbers are Ref. 2, SAP 0.1%, SAP 0.2%, and SAP 0.3%. Samples cured in a standard curing room were used to test compressive and flexural strength. Samples sown with grass seeds were regularly watered at a constant temperature of 23°C indoors to monitor their growth.

[0096] The compressive strength and flexural strength test results of the samples in the second test group after curing for 28 days are shown in Table 3: Table 3 Compressive strength and flexural strength test results of each sample in the second test group

[0097] The compressive strength and flexural strength tests were carried out on the samples with test number Ref.2, SAP0.1%, SAP0.2%, and SAP0.3%, and the effect of SAP on the mechanical strength of the material was analyzed through the test results. Figure 17 As shown in the figure, the compressive strength of the material after adding SAP is 1.3-1.4 MPa, and the flexural strength is 0.49-0.58 MPa. SAP can improve cement hydration and calcium silicate hydrate formation by internal curing, filling micropores, and reducing capillary porosity within the water matrix. Miscanthus fiber mortars with the addition of SAP have excellent lightweight properties, high porosity, outstanding water absorption capacity, and long-lasting water release. Therefore, this material has great potential in greening projects such as vertical greening and rooftop greening.

[0098] For the same sample mix ratio in test number Ref.2, SAP0.1%, SAP0.2%, and SAP0.3%, one part was sown with 10g of grass seeds according to sowing method 1, and the other part was sown with 10g of grass seeds according to sowing method 2. The change of leaf number over time during the growth of cement-based vegetation mortar plants is shown in the figure below. Figure 18 As shown in Figure 2, the vegetation coverage rate changes over time during the growth of cement-based vegetation mortar plants. Figure 19 shown.

[0099] Furthermore, in order to observe the effect of SAP on the water retention of the material, a drought test was conducted by stopping watering one month after sowing the grass seeds. Figure 20 As shown in the results, the samples containing SAP were able to maintain their green state for a long time even after watering stopped for 30 days. The rate of decline in leaf number and vegetation coverage was significantly slower than that of the Ref.2 group without SAP. In particular, the samples with SAP dosages of 0.2% and 0.3% showed stronger drought resistance. This shows that the water absorption and release system formed by SAP within the material effectively alleviates the stress of water shortage on plant roots. By continuously releasing stored water, it provides a relatively stable growth environment for plants, significantly improving the water retention of the cement-based vegetation mortar and the sustainability of vegetation growth.

[0100] The rest of this embodiment is the same as that of embodiment 3, so it will not be described again.

[0101] Example 5: This embodiment provides a lightweight cement-based vegetation material, which is mainly composed of cement, crushed stone, Miscanthus powder, and water; the mass ratio of cement, crushed stone, Miscanthus powder, and water is 1: (4.838-5.518): (0.25-1): (0.793-5.125). Figure 3 As shown, cement, crushed stone, Miscanthus powder and water meeting the above ratio are placed in a mixer and stirred to obtain concrete, which is recorded as C# vegetation concrete.

[0102] The crushed stone used in preparing C# vegetation concrete has a particle size of 2 to 5 mm. The calculation method for the total amount of cement, Miscanthus powder, and water used in preparing C# vegetation concrete is the same as in Example 1 and will not be repeated here.

[0103] Example 6: This embodiment is described in detail based on the fifth embodiment.

[0104] The third experimental group used the same method to prepare multiple C# vegetation concrete specimens using different raw material ratios. These specimens were used for mechanical strength testing, observation of grass seed growth, and other comparative analyses. The specimen dimensions were 6.53 cm × φ15.0 cm.

[0105] Specifically, the samples were prepared and sown as follows: Step C1, using crushed stone as coarse aggregate, cement as a binder, and Miscanthus powder as a plant-based fine aggregate, and quantitatively weighing cement, crushed stone, Miscanthus powder, and water according to a designed mix ratio; Step C2: Pour cement and gravel into a mixer for pre-mixing, add Miscanthus powder and mix evenly, then add water and stir for 2-5 minutes to obtain wet slurry; Step C3: Divide the wet slurry into two parts. Pour one part into the mold and place it in a standard curing room. Figure 11 The sowing method 1 and sowing method 2 shown are for sowing grass seeds.

[0106] The size of the sample, sowing method 1, sowing method 2, and watering precautions are the same as those in Example 2 and will not be repeated here.

[0107] The third test group was assigned the following: Based on a cement-to-gravel mass ratio of 1:5.229, a cement mortar water-cement ratio of 0.37, a Miscanthus powder water absorption ratio of 2.626, and cement-to-Miscanthus powder mass ratios of 1:0, 1:0.26, and 1:0.52, respectively, the raw materials were weighed according to the raw material ratios in Table 4. Samples were prepared and sown according to Sowing Method 1, Sowing Method 2, watering precautions, and sample size requirements described in Example 2. The test numbers are Ref. 3, M5, and M10, respectively. Samples cured in a standard curing room were used to test compressive and flexural strength. Samples sown with grass seeds were regularly watered indoors at a constant temperature of 23°C to monitor their growth.

[0108] The compressive strength and flexural strength test results of the samples in the third test group after curing for 28 days are shown in Table 4: Table 4 Compressive strength and flexural strength test results of each sample in the third test group

[0109] Compressive and flexural strength tests, as well as porosity measurements, were performed on specimens cured for 28 days in test numbers Ref.3, M5, and M10. The specimen in test number Ref.3 consisted of a mixture of cement, crushed stone, and water, a common concrete material formulation. M5, for example, filled 5% of the porosity with Miscanthus sinensis powder, resulting in an actual porosity of 15%. M10, for example, filled 10% of the porosity with Miscanthus sinensis powder, resulting in an actual porosity of 10%.

[0110] The organic acids in Miscanthus powder have strong calcium chelating groups, which can reduce calcium ion concentration, prevent the formation of silicates and calcium silicate hydrate (CSH), and reduce the mechanical strength of the material. Lightweight, low-strength, and porous vegetated concrete is acceptable as a non-load-bearing component in eco-cities. Furthermore, vegetated concrete with the addition of Miscanthus powder can utilize its high water absorption rate to increase the storage of nutrients required for plant growth. Furthermore, after sowing grass seeds in samples containing Miscanthus powder, plant roots continued to grow deep into the pores filled with the powder. Figure 21 This is a microscopic image of the roots of the plant growing on concrete numbered M10; Figure 21 (a) is a microscopic image of the plant root at position 1. Figure 21 (b) is a microscopic image of the plant roots at position 2. Figure 21 (c) is a microscopic image of the plant roots at position 3. This shows that the C# vegetation concrete described in this example has excellent water absorption and water retention properties, and can enhance the drought resistance of plants.

[0111] Concrete materials like Ref.3 are typically used as permeable concrete. Their primary function is to allow water to pass through, not to support plant growth. While their compressive and flexural strengths are high, their porosity is high, resulting in poor water and nutrient retention, leading to severe plant degradation later in life. Adding Miscanthus powder to the bio-based plant concrete reduces its compressive and flexural strengths, but it can be used as a non-load-bearing structure. However, once the porosity is filled with the highly absorbent bio-based material, its water and nutrient retention capacity increases significantly, providing a more favorable environment for seed germination and the stable growth of plants later in life.

[0112] In another specific embodiment, 1 cubic meter of vegetation concrete includes 290-310 kg of cement, 1500-1600 kg of crushed stone, 200-250 kg of Miscanthus powder, and 600-1200 kg of water.

[0113] The rest of this embodiment is the same as that of Embodiment 5, so they will not be described in detail.

[0114] Example 7: This embodiment provides a lightweight cement-based plant-based material, which is mainly composed of cement, crushed stone, peach shells, and water; wherein the mixture of crushed stone and peach shells is used as the coarse aggregate of the plant-based aggregate. Figure 4 As shown, the concrete obtained by mixing cement, crushed stone, peach shell and water meeting the above ratio in a mixer is D# vegetation concrete.

[0115] The cement used to prepare D# vegetation concrete is the same as that in Example 1 and will not be described in detail.

[0116] The coarse aggregate used in D# bio-based concrete consists of peach shells and crushed stone, with peach shells comprising 50%-100% of the total plant-based coarse aggregate volume. The crushed stone has a particle size of 2-5mm. Common components of D# bio-based concrete are cement, crushed stone, peach shells, and water. Peach shells comprising 100% of the coarse aggregate is a special case; in this case, the D# bio-based concrete includes cement, peach shells, and water, but not crushed stone.

[0117] The peach shells used in the preparation of D# bio-concrete have been previously subjected to high-temperature carbonization treatment and are also called "pyrolytic carbonized peach shells." After high-temperature carbonization, the peach shells have a flaky structure with a rough surface texture, a particle size range of 4.75mm-7mm, and a density of 1.2g / cm 3 , with a specific surface area of ​​297.4m 2 / g, strength 2.6MPa, and water absorption rate of 19.4% in 24 hours. Figure 22 The actual picture and microscopic structure of peach shell are shown; Figure 22 (a) Figure 22 (b) are the actual picture and microstructure picture of peach shell respectively. The microporous structure gives peach shell a higher adsorption capacity. Figure 23 The microstructure of the interface between untreated peach shell, pyrolysis carbonized peach shell and mortar; Figure 23 (a) Figure 23 (b) It can be seen that there are no microcracks at the interface between the pyrolysis carbonized peach shell and the mortar, and the bonding is better.

[0118] The water used to prepare D# bio-concrete consists of water used for cement mortar and water absorbed by the peach shells themselves. The mass of water used for cement mortar is calculated based on a water-cement ratio of 0.3-0.4 for cement mortar, meaning the mass ratio of water to cement for mortar is (0.3-0.4):1. Peach shells have a 24-hour water absorption rate of 19%. When preparing bio-concrete, the water absorbed by the peach shells is calculated at 0.1-0.5 times this 24-hour absorption rate, resulting in a mass ratio of water used to soak the peach shells to the peach shells of (0.019-0.095):1.

[0119] In another specific embodiment, when preparing 1 cubic meter of D# vegetation concrete, prepare 290-310 kg of cement, 400-1600 kg of gravel, and 550-750 kg of peach shells, and prepare water according to the "water-cement ratio of cement mortar is 0.3, and the water mass ratio for soaking peach shells is 0.09".

[0120] Example 8: This embodiment is described in detail based on the seventh embodiment.

[0121] The fourth experimental group used the same method to prepare multiple D# vegetation concrete specimens using different raw material ratios. These specimens were used for mechanical strength testing, observation of grass seed growth, and other comparative analyses. The specimen dimensions were 6.53 cm × φ15.0 cm.

[0122] Specifically, the samples were prepared and sown as follows: Step D1: using cement as a bonding material, cement, crushed stone, peach shells, and water are quantitatively weighed according to a designed ratio; the peach shells are peach shells that have been subjected to high-temperature carbonization treatment; in special cases, the crushed stone content is 0, or the peach shell content is 0; Step D2: Pour cement, gravel, and peach shells into a mixer and pre-mix them, then add water and stir for 2-5 minutes to obtain a wet slurry; Step D3: Divide the wet slurry into two parts. Pour one part into the mold and place it in a standard curing room. Figure 11 The sowing method 1 and sowing method 2 shown are for sowing grass seeds.

[0123] The size of the sample, sowing method 1, sowing method 2, and watering precautions are the same as those in Example 2 and will not be repeated here.

[0124] The fourth experimental group weighed raw materials according to the ratios shown in Table 5. Samples were prepared and sown according to Sowing Method 1 and Sowing Method 2, watering precautions, and sample size requirements described in Example 2. The experiments were designated Ref. 4, LPS, and HPS. Samples maintained in a standard curing room were used to test compressive and flexural strength. Grass seed samples were regularly watered at a constant temperature of 23°C indoors to monitor their growth.

[0125] The compressive strength and flexural strength test results of the samples in the fourth test group after 28 days of curing are shown in Table 5: Table 5 Compressive strength and flexural strength test results of each sample in the fourth test group

[0126] Compressive and flexural strength tests were conducted on specimens from Ref. 4, LPS, and HPS after curing for 28 days. As the peach shell content increased, the compressive strength and density decreased significantly. Due to the lightweight nature of peach shell, increasing the peach shell content and reducing the crushed stone content significantly reduced the density of D# bio-concrete, making it an ideal material for green buildings. Despite its lower mechanical strength, D# bio-concrete can be used in non-load-bearing green infrastructure applications consistent with sustainable green building practices.

[0127] Furthermore, the water absorption rate of the samples with test numbers Ref.4, LPS, and HPS was tested. The results are shown in Table 6: Table 6 Water absorption test results of each sample in the fourth test group

[0128] The water and fertilizer retention mechanism of vegetated concrete numbered Ref.4, LPS, and HPS, such as Figure 24 As shown, Figure 24 (a) Figure 24 (b) Figure 24 (c) Schematic diagram of the water and fertilizer retention mechanism of vegetated concrete corresponding to Ref.4, LPS, and HPS respectively.

[0129] The concentration of N in the vegetation concrete changes with time. Figure 25 As shown in Figure 2, the concentration of K in the vegetation concrete changes with time. Figure 26 As shown in Figure 2, the concentration of P in the vegetation concrete changes with time. Figure 27 Analysis: Peach shells, as a bio-based material in D# bio-concrete, possess a high cation exchange capacity, enabling them to absorb and retain nutrients essential for plant growth, such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. The growth of grass seeds in D# bio-concrete was superior to that in conventional concrete, both in terms of plant height and the number of germinated seeds. Therefore, the addition of peach shells to D# bio-concrete enhances water retention and promotes plant growth.

[0130] The rest of this embodiment is the same as that of Embodiment 7, so it will not be described again.

[0131] Example 9: This embodiment provides a lightweight cement-based vegetation material, which is a vegetation concrete mainly composed of cement, crushed stone, peach shells, Miscanthus powder, and water; wherein the mixture of crushed stone and peach shells serves as the coarse aggregate of the plant-based aggregate, and Miscanthus powder serves as the fine aggregate of the plant-based aggregate; it is recorded as E# vegetation concrete.

[0132] Compared with the D# vegetation concrete in Example 7, the addition of Miscanthus powder reduced the mechanical strength to a certain extent, but significantly increased the water absorption rate. Therefore, the addition of Miscanthus powder can be selected according to actual needs.

[0133] It should be noted that the common components of E# vegetation concrete are cement, gravel, peach shells, miscanthus powder, and water. It also includes a special component: cement, peach shells, miscanthus powder, and water. In this case, peach shells account for 100% of the coarse aggregate.

[0134] The crushed stone used in preparing E# vegetation concrete has a particle size of 2-5 mm. The calculation method for the total amount of cement, Miscanthus powder, and water used in preparing E# vegetation concrete is the same as in Example 1 and will not be repeated here. The peach shells used in preparing E# vegetation concrete are the same as in Example 7 and will not be repeated here.

[0135] Example 10: When preparing a unit volume of biomass concrete, the relationship between the amount of cement, the amount of plant-based aggregate, the amount of water, and the porosity satisfies formula (1): (M c / ρ c )+(M g / ρ g )+(M w / ρ w )+P=1 Formula (1) Where: M c —Amount of cement used in 1 cubic meter of green concrete, unit: kg; M g —Amount of plant-based aggregate in 1 cubic meter of bio-based concrete, unit: kg; M w —The amount of water used in 1 cubic meter of green concrete, unit: kg; ρ c —Density of cement, unit: kg / cm 3 ; ρ g —Density of plant-based aggregate, unit: kg / cm 3 ; ρ w —Density of water, unit: kg / cm 3 ; P—porosity, unit: %.

[0136] Based on the idea of ​​formula (1), when the plant-based aggregate is selected from any of the four different formulas of "crushed stone + Miscanthus powder", "crushed stone + peach shell", "peach shell", and "crushed stone + peach shell + Miscanthus powder", the overall mass and overall density of the plant-based aggregate can be calculated as M respectively.g , ρ g Assign a value so that formula (1) is established. For example, for C# vegetation concrete, the sum of the amount of crushed stone and the amount of Miscanthus powder in 1 cubic meter of vegetation concrete is taken as M g The density of crushed stone and Miscanthus powder after being fully mixed according to the dosage ratio is taken as ρ g The value of .

[0137] Based on the idea of ​​formula (1), when the plant-based aggregate is selected from any of the four different formulas of "crushed stone + Miscanthus powder", "crushed stone + peach shell", "peach shell", and "crushed stone + peach shell + Miscanthus powder", formula (1) can also be transformed into formula (2): (M c / ρ c )+(M g芒草 / ρ g芒草 )+(M g碎石 / ρ g碎石 )+(M g桃壳 / ρ g桃壳 )+(M w / ρ w )+P=1 Formula (2) Where: M c —Amount of cement used in 1 cubic meter of green concrete, unit: kg; M g芒草 —Amount of Miscanthus powder used in 1 cubic meter of bio-concrete, unit: kg; M g碎石 —Amount of crushed stone used in 1 cubic meter of green concrete, unit: kg; M g桃壳 —Amount of peach shells used in 1 cubic meter of green concrete, unit: kg; M w —The amount of water used in 1 cubic meter of green concrete, unit: kg; ρ c —Density of cement, unit: kg / cm 3 ; ρ g芒草 —Density of Miscanthus powder, unit: kg / cm 3 ; ρ g碎石 —Density of crushed stone, unit: kg / cm 3 ; ρ g桃壳 —Density of peach shell, unit: kg / cm 3 ; ρ w —Density of water, unit: kg / cm 3 ; P—porosity, unit: %.

[0138] For example: The density of 52.5 grade cement is 3120 kg / m 3 The density of crushed stone is 2650kg / m 3 The density of Miscanthus powder is 1570kg / m 3 , the density of water is 1000kg / cm 3 1 cubic meter of bio-concrete is made from 301kg of cement, 1574kg of crushed stone, 157kg of Miscanthus powder, and 111.4kg of water. Substituting this into the above formula: 1574 / 2650 + 301 / 3120 + 157 / 1570 + 111.4 / 1000 + P = 1, P = 9.8%, approximately 10%. Therefore, once the amounts of each raw material are confirmed, the porosity of the material can be estimated. Based on this relationship, the specific ratios of each raw material can be adjusted within the specified range according to the designed porosity value.

[0139] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the present invention in any form. Any simple modification or equivalent change made to the above embodiment based on the technical essence of the present invention shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. Lightweight cement-based vegetation material is a cement-based vegetation mortar mainly composed of cement, plant-based aggregate and water; it is characterized by: The plant-based aggregate is Miscanthus powder; the Miscanthus powder is made by grinding the thin-walled tissue of Miscanthus, and the particle size is 100-500 μm; the mass ratio of cement, Miscanthus powder and water is 1: (0.25-1): (0.793-5.125); Among them, water includes water used in cement mortar and water absorbed by the Miscanthus grass powder itself; the mass of water used in cement mortar is calculated according to the water-cement ratio of cement mortar 0.35-0.4; the mass of water absorbed by the Miscanthus grass powder itself is calculated according to the water absorption ratio of the Miscanthus grass powder 1.575-4.

725.

2. Lightweight cement-based vegetation material is a cement-based vegetation mortar mainly composed of cement, plant-based aggregate, SAP, and water; its characteristics are: The plant-based aggregate is Miscanthus powder; the Miscanthus powder is made by grinding the thin-walled tissue of Miscanthus, and has a particle size of 100-500 μm; the mass ratio of cement, Miscanthus powder, SAP, and water is 1: (0.25-1): (0.001-0.003): (0.793-5.125); Among them, water includes water used in cement mortar and water absorbed by the Miscanthus grass powder itself; the mass of water used in cement mortar is calculated according to the water-cement ratio of cement mortar 0.35-0.4; the mass of water absorbed by the Miscanthus grass powder itself is calculated according to the water absorption ratio of the Miscanthus grass powder 1.575-4.

725.

3. Lightweight cement-based biomass material is a biomass concrete mainly composed of cement, plant-based aggregate and water; it is characterized by: The plant-based aggregate includes crushed stone as a coarse aggregate and Miscanthus powder as a fine aggregate; the Miscanthus powder is made by grinding the thin-walled tissue of Miscanthus, and has a particle size of 100-500 μm; the mass ratio of cement, coarse aggregate, Miscanthus powder, and water is 1: (4.838-5.518): (0.25-1): (0.793-5.125); Among them, water includes water used in cement mortar and water absorbed by the Miscanthus grass powder itself; the mass of water used in cement mortar is calculated according to the water-cement ratio of cement mortar 0.35-0.4; the mass of water absorbed by the Miscanthus grass powder itself is calculated according to the water absorption ratio of the Miscanthus grass powder 1.575-4.

725.

4. Lightweight cement-based biomass material is a biomass concrete mainly composed of cement, plant-based aggregate and water; it is characterized by: The plant-based aggregate includes coarse aggregate, and the coarse aggregate is a mixture of peach shells and crushed stones or is only peach shells.

5. Lightweight cement-based biomass material is a biomass concrete mainly composed of cement, plant-based aggregate and water; it is characterized by: The plant-based aggregate includes coarse aggregate and fine aggregate. The coarse aggregate is a mixture of peach shells and crushed stones or only peach shells, and the fine aggregate is Miscanthus powder.

6. A method for preparing a lightweight cement-based vegetation material, characterized in that: Used to prepare the lightweight cement-based vegetation material as described in claim 1; using cement, Miscanthus powder, and water as main raw materials, first determining the amount of cement and the amount of Miscanthus powder, and then determining the total amount of water based on the designed water-cement ratio of the cement mortar and the water absorption ratio of the Miscanthus powder, and then mixing the quantitatively obtained cement, Miscanthus powder, and water together to prepare a cement-based vegetation mortar that does not contain SAP; When determining the total water usage, first calculate the first amount of water based on the amount of cement and the designed water-cement ratio of the cement mortar, and calculate the second amount of water based on the amount of miscanthus powder and the designed water absorption ratio of the miscanthus powder. Then, sum the first and second amounts of water to obtain the total water usage.

7. A method for preparing a lightweight cement-based vegetation material, characterized in that: Used to prepare the lightweight cement-based vegetation material as described in claim 2; using cement, Miscanthus powder, SAP, and water as main raw materials, first determining the amount of cement, the amount of Miscanthus powder, and the amount of SAP, and determining the total amount of water based on the designed water-cement ratio of the cement mortar and the water absorption ratio of the Miscanthus powder, then premixing the quantitatively obtained Miscanthus powder and SAP, and then adding cement and water and stirring them together to prepare a cement-based vegetation mortar containing SAP; When determining the total water usage, first calculate the first amount of water based on the amount of cement and the designed water-cement ratio of the cement mortar, and calculate the second amount of water based on the amount of miscanthus powder and the designed water absorption ratio of the miscanthus powder. Then, sum the first and second amounts of water to obtain the total water usage.

8. A method for preparing a lightweight cement-based vegetation material, characterized in that: Used to prepare the lightweight cement-based vegetation material as described in claim 3; using cement, gravel, miscanthus powder and water as main raw materials, first determine the amount of cement, the amount of gravel and the amount of miscanthus powder, and determine the total amount of water based on the designed water-cement ratio of cement mortar and the water absorption ratio of miscanthus powder, and then mix the quantitatively obtained cement, gravel, miscanthus powder and water together to prepare vegetation concrete.

9. A method for preparing a lightweight cement-based vegetation material, characterized in that: Used to prepare a unit volume of the lightweight cement-based vegetation material as claimed in claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5; When preparing a unit volume of lightweight cement-based vegetation material, the relationship between the amount of cement, the amount of plant-based aggregate, the amount of water and the porosity satisfies the following formula: (M c / r c )+(M g / r g )+(M w / r w )+P=1 Where: M c —Amount of cement used in 1 cubic meter of green concrete, unit: kg; M g —Amount of plant-based aggregate in 1 cubic meter of bio-based concrete, unit: kg; M w —The amount of water used in 1 cubic meter of green concrete, unit: kg; ρ c —Density of cement, unit: kg / cm 3 ; ρ g —Density of plant-based aggregate, unit: kg / cm 3 ; ρ w —Density of water, unit: kg / cm 3 ; P—porosity, unit: %.

10. An application, characterized in that: The lightweight cement-based vegetation material described in claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 is used as a green building material.

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