PAMA type polyion liquid multifunctional lubricant additive, preparation method and application thereof, and lubricant

Abstract

The invention provides a PAMA type polyion liquid multifunctional lubricating additive, a preparation method and application thereof, and a lubricant, and belongs to the technical field of lubricating materials. According to the invention, PILs is adopted as a template, due to the unique molecular structure, the PILs have the physical and chemical properties of an ionic liquid (good thermal stability, non-volatility and non-flammability) and a high-molecular polymer, and through reasonable molecular structure design, unsaturated bonds are introduced into ILs to polymerize and prepare PILs; and benzenesulfonic acid anions and alkyl phosphonium cations are introduced into the system to improve the lubricating property, and the application potential as a multifunctional lubricating additive is shown. The PAMA type polymer ionic liquid is utilized to realize the function integration of the viscosity index improver and the antifriction and antiwear additive, so that the lubricant has the lubricity of the ionic liquid lubricant under the condition of ensuring the function of the viscosity index improver, and shows excellent viscosity-temperature performance and lubricating performance, thereby avoiding the simultaneous use of a plurality of lubricating additives.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of lubricating materials, and in particular to a PAMA-type polyionic liquid multifunctional lubricating additive, a preparation method and application thereof, and a lubricant. Background Art

[0002] Friction and wear are major causes of mechanical equipment damage and energy consumption, resulting in significant economic and energy losses. Therefore, friction and anti-wear reduction are extremely important, and the rational use of lubricants is one of the main technical means to reduce friction and wear. Lubricants are widely used in various types of automobiles and mechanical equipment, not only reducing friction and wear but also providing sealing, rust prevention, cleaning, cooling, and cushioning functions. However, with the advancement of society and technology, higher requirements are being placed on the load, operating speed, and service temperature of mechanical equipment. To ensure the normal operation of mechanical systems, various lubricant additives, such as extreme pressure anti-wear agents, friction modifiers, viscosity index improvers, and detergent dispersants, have been designed and incorporated into lubricants. However, in actual use, multiple additives are often required to meet lubrication requirements. However, the matching and interaction of different additives pose numerous process challenges. Therefore, to avoid this problem, the development of multifunctional lubricant additives is particularly important.

[0003] Polyalkyl methacrylate (PAMA), one of the most commonly used viscosity index improvers, has attracted considerable attention due to its simple preparation, strong designability, excellent viscosity-temperature performance, and low cost. However, conventional polyalkyl methacrylate lubricant additives suffer from poor lubricity. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a PAMA-type polyionic liquid multifunctional lubricating additive, its preparation method and application, and lubricant. The PAMA-type polyionic liquid multifunctional lubricating additive provided by the present invention introduces benzenesulfonic acid anions and alkylphosphonium cations to improve lubrication performance.

[0005] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0006] The present invention provides a PAMA-type polyionic liquid multifunctional lubricating additive (random copolymer P(LMA-TOPSS), also known as PLT) having a structure shown in Formula I:

[0007]

[0008] In formula I, m:n is 1:9-11.

[0009] Preferably, the m:n is 1:10.

[0010] The present invention also provides a method for preparing the PAMA-type polyionic liquid multifunctional lubricating additive described in the above technical solution, comprising the following steps:

[0011] trioctylphosphine, octane bromide and an organic solvent are mixed to carry out a nucleophilic substitution reaction to obtain tetraoctylphosphine bromide;

[0012] The tetraoctylphosphonium bromide, an organic solvent and an aqueous solution of sodium p-styrenesulfonate are mixed to carry out an ion exchange reaction to obtain tetraoctylphosphonium 4-styrenesulfonate monomer (TOPSS);

[0013] The tetraoctylphosphonium 4-styrenesulfonate monomer, lauryl methacrylate, an initiator and an organic solvent are mixed to carry out a polymerization reaction to obtain the PAMA type polyionic liquid multifunctional lubricating additive;

[0014] The tetraoctylphosphonium 4-styrenesulfonate monomer has a structure shown in Formula II:

[0015]

[0016] Preferably, the molar ratio of trioctylphosphine to octane bromide is 1:1-1.4; the molar ratio of tetraoctylphosphine bromide to sodium p-styrenesulfonate in the sodium salt aqueous solution is 1:1-1.4; and the molar ratio of tetraoctylphosphonium 4-styrenesulfonate monomer to lauryl methacrylate is 1:9-12.

[0017] Preferably, the temperature of the nucleophilic substitution reaction is 70-85°C, and the time is 22-26 hours; the temperature of the ion exchange reaction is 20-35°C, and the time is 10-14 hours; the temperature of the polymerization reaction is 75-85°C, and the time is 6-10 hours.

[0018] Preferably, the initiator comprises an azo initiator, the mass of the azo initiator accounts for 0.5% to 2% of the total mass of the reactants, and the reactants include tetraoctylphosphonium 4-styrenesulfonate monomer and lauryl methacrylate.

[0019] The present invention also provides the use of the PAMA-type polyionic liquid multifunctional lubricating additive described in the above technical solution in the field of mechanical parts lubrication.

[0020] The present invention also provides a lubricant comprising a base oil and an additive, wherein the additive is the PAMA-type polyionic liquid multifunctional lubricating additive described in the above technical solution.

[0021] Preferably, the lubricant comprises the following components in mass percentage: 95% to 99% base oil and 1% to 5% additive.

[0022] Preferably, the base oil comprises 500SN.

[0023] The present invention provides a PAMA-type polyionic liquid multifunctional lubricating additive. Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0024] The present invention utilizes polyionic liquids (PILs) as templates. Due to their unique molecular structure, they possess the physical and chemical properties of both ionic liquids (good thermal stability, low volatility, and non-flammability) and high molecular weight polymers. Through rational molecular structural design, unsaturated bonds are introduced into the ILs for polymerization to prepare PILs, namely PAMA-type polyionic liquid multifunctional lubricating additives. Benzenesulfonic acid anions and alkylphosphonium cations are introduced into the system to enhance lubricity, demonstrating their potential as multifunctional lubricating additives. Furthermore, by converting PAMA-type polymers into ionic liquids, the present invention integrates the functions of a viscosity index improver with those of a friction-reducing and anti-wear additive, ensuring the lubricity of an ionic liquid lubricant while maintaining the viscosity index improver's functionality. This simultaneously exhibits excellent viscosity-temperature and lubricity properties, thus avoiding the simultaneous use of multiple lubricating additives and resolving process issues associated with the compounding of different additives. Furthermore, the kinematic viscosity is minimally affected by temperature, providing effective lubrication and minimizing wear, while also reducing system power loss and improving energy efficiency.

[0025] The data of the examples show that, compared with the commercial viscosity modifier 8-310, the PAMA-type polyionic liquid multifunctional lubricating additive PLT of the present invention exhibits better friction performance.

[0026] The present invention also provides a method for preparing the PAMA-type polyionic liquid multifunctional lubricating additive described in the above technical solution. Unsaturated bonds are introduced into the ionic liquid through molecular design, and a molecular structure containing a benzenesulfonic acid anion and an alkylphosphonium cation is designed. The required ILs monomer is prepared by a nucleophilic substitution reaction and an ion exchange reaction, and then a polymerization reaction is carried out to prepare the PAMA-type polyionic liquid multifunctional lubricating additive. The method of the present invention is simple to operate, low in cost, and easy to implement industrial application.

[0027] The present invention also provides the application of the PAMA type polyionic liquid multifunctional lubricating additive in the field of mechanical parts lubrication. The PAMA type polyionic liquid multifunctional lubricating additive has a simple structure and is easy to synthesize, and has broad application prospects in the field of lubricating additives. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] Figure 1 is the hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum of TOPSS in Example 1;

[0029] Figure 2 is the infrared spectrum of TOPSS in Example 1;

[0030] Figure 3 is the H NMR spectrum of PLT in Example 1;

[0031] Figure 4 is the infrared spectrum of PLT in Example 1;

[0032] Figure 5 is the average friction coefficient curve of 500SN, A2 and B2;

[0033] Figure 6 The highest load-bearing capacity test curves for 500SN, A2 and B2;

[0034] Figure 7 The thermogravimetric spectra of PLT and commercial viscosity modifier 8-310. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] The present invention provides a PAMA-type polyionic liquid multifunctional lubricating additive having a structure shown in Formula I:

[0036]

[0037] In formula I, m:n is 1:9-11, preferably 1:10.

[0038] The PAMA-type polyionic liquid multifunctional lubricating additive based on sulfonate-quaternary phosphonium ion pairs provided by the present invention realizes the integration of the functions of a viscosity index improver and a friction-reducing and anti-wear additive, avoids the problems of ratio, cost, compatibility, etc. caused by the compound use of multiple additives, greatly improves the friction-reducing and anti-wear performance of the lubricant, and also has excellent viscosity-increasing performance and viscosity-temperature performance. It has broad application prospects in the lubrication of automobiles, aircraft, ships, industrial parts, etc.

[0039] The present invention also provides a method for preparing the PAMA-type polyionic liquid multifunctional lubricating additive described in the above technical solution, comprising the following steps:

[0040] trioctylphosphine, octane bromide and an organic solvent are mixed to carry out a nucleophilic substitution reaction to obtain tetraoctylphosphine bromide;

[0041] The tetraoctylphosphonium bromide, an organic solvent and an aqueous solution of sodium p-styrenesulfonate are mixed to perform an ion exchange reaction to obtain a tetraoctylphosphonium 4-styrenesulfonate monomer;

[0042] The tetraoctylphosphonium 4-styrenesulfonate monomer, lauryl methacrylate, an initiator and an organic solvent are mixed to carry out a polymerization reaction to obtain the PAMA type polyionic liquid multifunctional lubricating additive;

[0043] The tetraoctylphosphonium 4-styrenesulfonate monomer has a structure shown in Formula II:

[0044]

[0045] In the present invention, unless otherwise specified, the raw materials used are commercially available products in the art.

[0046] The invention mixes trioctylphosphine, octane bromide and an organic solvent to carry out a nucleophilic substitution reaction to obtain tetraoctylphosphine bromide.

[0047] In the present invention, the molar ratio of trioctylphosphine to octane bromide is preferably 1:1 to 1.4, specifically 1:1, 1:1.1, 1:1.2, 1:1.3 or 1:1.4.

[0048] In the present invention, the organic solvent in the nucleophilic substitution reaction preferably includes acetonitrile, and the mass of the organic solvent is 1.2 to 2 times the total mass of the reactants, specifically 1.2, 1.5 or 2 times, and the reactants include trioctylphosphine and octane bromide.

[0049] In the present invention, the temperature of the nucleophilic substitution reaction is preferably 70-85°C, specifically 70, 75, 80 or 85°C, and the time is preferably 22-26 hours, specifically 22, 24 or 26 hours.

[0050] After the nucleophilic substitution reaction is completed, the organic solvent is preferably removed by distillation under reduced pressure to obtain tetraoctylphosphine bromide solid.

[0051] After obtaining tetraoctylphosphonium bromide, the present invention mixes the tetraoctylphosphonium bromide, an organic solvent and an aqueous solution of sodium p-styrenesulfonate to carry out an ion exchange reaction to obtain a 4-styrenesulfonic acid tetraoctylphosphonium monomer. The 4-styrenesulfonic acid tetraoctylphosphonium monomer has a structure shown in Formula II.

[0052] In the present invention, the molar ratio of tetraoctylphosphine bromide to sodium p-styrenesulfonate in the aqueous solution of sodium p-styrenesulfonate is preferably 1:1 to 1.4, specifically 1:1, 1:1.1, 1:1.2, 1:1.3 or 1:1.4.

[0053] In the present invention, the temperature of the ion exchange reaction is preferably 20-35° C., specifically 20, 25, 30 or 35° C., and the time is preferably 10-14 h, specifically 10, 12 or 14 h.

[0054] In the present invention, the organic solvent in the ion exchange reaction preferably includes dichloromethane, and the mass of the organic solvent is preferably 1.1 to 1.8 times that of tetraoctylphosphine bromide, specifically 1.1, 1.5 or 1.8 times.

[0055] In the present invention, the tetraoctylphosphonium bromide is preferably dissolved in dichloromethane by ultrasonication, the sodium salt of p-styrenesulfonate is stirred and dissolved in deionized water, and the two resulting solutions are then mixed to perform the ion exchange reaction.

[0056] After the ion exchange reaction is completed, the product is preferably washed, dried, filtered, distilled under reduced pressure, and dried under vacuum to obtain the tetraoctylphosphonium-4-styrenesulfonate monomer. The present invention does not particularly limit the specific parameters of the washing, drying, filtering, distillation under reduced pressure, and vacuum drying, and methods well known to those skilled in the art can be used.

[0057] After obtaining the tetraoctylphosphonium 4-styrenesulfonate monomer, the present invention mixes the tetraoctylphosphonium 4-styrenesulfonate monomer, lauryl methacrylate, an initiator and an organic solvent to carry out a polymerization reaction to obtain the PAMA type polyionic liquid multifunctional lubricating additive.

[0058] In the present invention, the molar ratio of the tetraoctylphosphonium 4-styrenesulfonate monomer to lauryl methacrylate is preferably 1:9 to 12, specifically 1:9, 1:10, 1:11 or 1:12.

[0059] In the present invention, the polymerization reaction temperature is preferably 75-85°C, specifically 75, 80 or 85°C, and the time is preferably 6-10h, specifically 6, 8 or 10h. The polymerization reaction is preferably carried out under heating conditions.

[0060] In the present invention, the organic solvent in the polymerization reaction preferably includes 1,4-dioxane, and the mass of the organic solvent is preferably 1.3 to 1.7 times the total mass of the reactants, and the reactants include 4-styrenesulfonic acid tetraoctylphosphonium monomer and lauryl methacrylate, specifically 1.3, 1.5 or 1.7 times.

[0061] In the present invention, the initiator preferably includes an azo initiator, more preferably includes azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN), and the mass of the azo initiator preferably accounts for 0.5% to 2% of the total mass of the reactants, specifically 0.5%, 1%, 1.5% or 2%. The reactants include tetraoctylphosphonium 4-styrenesulfonate monomer and lauryl methacrylate.

[0062] In the present invention, nitrogen is preferably passed through for 15 minutes before the polymerization reaction begins. The polymerization reaction is preferably carried out under stirring conditions, and the stirring speed is preferably 300 r / min.

[0063] After the polymerization reaction is completed, the product is preferably precipitated with industrial ethanol, washed repeatedly 5 to 7 times to remove unreacted monomers, and then vacuum-dried to obtain the PAMA-type polyionic liquid multifunctional lubricating additive. The specific parameters for the precipitation, washing, and vacuum drying are not particularly limited and can be employed in methods well known to those skilled in the art.

[0064] The present invention also provides the use of the PAMA-type polyionic liquid multifunctional lubricating additive described in the above technical solution in the field of mechanical parts lubrication.

[0065] The present invention also provides a lubricant comprising a base oil and an additive, wherein the additive is the PAMA-type polyionic liquid multifunctional lubricating additive described in the above technical solution, and the lubricant has excellent viscosity-temperature performance and friction reduction and anti-wear properties.

[0066] In the present invention, the lubricant preferably includes the following components in mass percentage: 95% to 99% of base oil, specifically 95%, 96%, 97%, 98% or 99%, and 1% to 5% of additives, specifically 1%, 2%, 3%, 4% or 5%.

[0067] In the present invention, the base oil preferably includes 500SN.

[0068] The present invention also provides a method for preparing the lubricant, comprising the steps of dissolving the PAMA-type polyionic liquid multifunctional lubricating additive in a base oil by heating and stirring to obtain the lubricant. The present invention does not particularly limit the specific parameters of the heating and stirring, and methods familiar to those skilled in the art can be used. In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the heating and stirring temperature is preferably 90°C.

[0069] The present invention also provides the use of the lubricant described in the above technical solution in the field of lubrication of mechanical parts, more preferably including the use in the fields of lubrication of automobiles, aircraft, ships or industrial parts.

[0070] The following will be combined with the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions of the present invention. Obviously, the embodiments described are only some of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0071] Example 1

[0072] The preparation of a PAMA-type polyionic liquid multifunctional lubricating additive comprises the following steps:

[0073] Add octane bromide (0.011 mol) and trioctylphosphine (0.01 mol) to 11.5 mL of acetonitrile and stir at room temperature to mix thoroughly. Then, carry out a nucleophilic substitution reaction at 80°C for 24 hours. After the reaction, remove the acetonitrile by vacuum distillation to obtain tetraoctylphosphine bromide as a solid.

[0074] Add 6.5 mL of dichloromethane to the resulting tetraoctylphosphonium bromide and sonicate to fully dissolve it. Dissolve 0.011 mol of sodium p-styrenesulfonate in 6 mL of deionized water and stir at room temperature to dissolve. Combine the two solutions and stir at 25°C for 12 hours. After the ion exchange reaction, wash four times with deionized water. The organic phase is then dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered, and the solvent removed by vacuum distillation. Dry under reduced pressure at room temperature to obtain tetraoctylphosphonium 4-styrenesulfonate monomer TOPSS, which has the structure shown in Formula II.

[0075] TOPSS (0.01 mol) and lauryl methacrylate (0.1 mol) were dissolved in 46.5 mL of 1,4-dioxane, and azobisisobutyronitrile (0.32 g) was added. A nitrogen atmosphere was purged for 15 minutes before the reaction began. The polymerization reaction was carried out at 80°C with mechanical stirring at 300 rpm for 8 hours until a significant viscosity change occurred. After the reaction, the product was precipitated with industrial ethanol and washed seven times to remove unreacted monomers. After vacuum drying, a PAMA-type polyionic liquid multifunctional lubricant additive, PLT, was obtained, having the structure shown in Formula I, where m:n is 1:10.

[0076] Figure 1 is the TOPSS H NMR spectrum, Figure 2 is the infrared spectrum of TOPSS, Figure 3 is the nuclear magnetic resonance hydrogen spectrum of PLT, Figure 4 FIG. 1 is an infrared spectrum of PLT, from which it can be seen that the present invention has prepared a PAMA-type polyionic liquid multifunctional lubricating additive having a structure shown in Formula I.

[0077] 0.1 g of PLT was added to 9.9 g of 500SN, heated (90° C.) and stirred until completely dissolved, then heating and stirring were stopped and the mixture was cooled to room temperature to obtain a lubricant, which was designated as A1.

[0078] 0.3 g of PLT was added to 9.7 g of 500SN, and the mixture was heated (90° C.) and stirred until completely dissolved. The heating and stirring were then stopped, and the mixture was cooled to room temperature to obtain a lubricant, which was designated as A2.

[0079] 0.5 g of PLT was added to 9.5 g of 500SN, heated (90° C.) and stirred until completely dissolved, then heating and stirring were stopped and the mixture was cooled to room temperature to obtain a lubricant, which was designated as A3.

[0080] Comparative Example

[0081] 0.1 g of commercial viscosity modifier 8-310 was added to 9.9 g of 500SN, heated (90° C.) and stirred until completely dissolved, then heating and stirring were stopped and the mixture was cooled to room temperature to obtain a lubricant, which was designated as B1.

[0082] 0.3 g of commercial viscosity modifier 8-310 was added to 9.7 g of 500SN, heated (90° C.) and stirred until completely dissolved, then heating and stirring were stopped and the mixture was cooled to room temperature to obtain a lubricant, which was designated as B2.

[0083] 0.5 g of commercial viscosity modifier 8-310 was added to 9.5 g of 500SN, heated (90° C.) and stirred until completely dissolved, then heating and stirring were stopped and the mixture was cooled to room temperature to obtain a lubricant, which was designated as B3.

[0084] Performance testing:

[0085] 1. Viscosity increase and viscosity-temperature performance test

[0086] Using YP1003-III viscometer and Pinnacl viscometer ( The viscosity-increasing properties of a PAMA-type polyionic liquid multifunctional lubricating additive, PLT, were evaluated using a constant of 1.145. The kinematic viscosities of the samples at 40°C and 100°C were measured. The corresponding viscosity index was calculated based on the kinematic viscosities at 40°C and 100°C, and compared with those of 500SN and a commercial viscosity index agent 8-310.

[0087] Table 1 shows the kinematic viscosity and viscosity index test results for various samples. It shows that lubricants containing PLT or 8-310 exhibit significant improvements in both kinematic viscosity and viscosity index compared to 500SN, with this improvement becoming more pronounced with increasing addition levels. Furthermore, at the same addition level, lubricants containing PLT exhibit similar or higher kinematic viscosity and viscosity index than those containing 8-310.

[0088] Table 1 Test results of kinematic viscosity and viscosity index of different samples

[0089] Sample number 500SN A1 A2 A3 B1 B2 B3 <![CDATA[Kinematic viscosity (40 °C, mm 2 / s)]]> 89.4 93.3 104.1 120.1 92.6 102 111 <![CDATA[Kinematic viscosity (100 °C, mm 2 / s)]]> 10.7 11.2 12.7 14.9 11.1 12.6 14.1 Viscosity Index 103 107 117 128 106 117 127

[0090] 2. Friction performance test:

[0091] The tribological properties of a PAMA-based polyionic liquid multifunctional lubricant additive, PLT, were evaluated using an Optimal SRV-IV reciprocating tribometer and compared with 500SN and a commercial viscosity modifier, 8-310. The tribological properties of 500SN, A1-A2, and B1-B2 were tested under the following conditions: load 300 N, frequency 25 Hz, amplitude 1 mm, duration 30 min, and temperature 25°C. The friction pair employed a ball-on-disc contact configuration. The upper test ball was an AISI 52100 steel ball with a diameter of 10 mm, and the lower test specimen was an AISI 52100 steel block with a diameter of 24 mm and a height of 8 mm, a hardness of 750-800 HV, and a surface roughness of Ra = 0.012 μm.

[0092] Figure 5Table 2 shows the average friction coefficient curves of 500SN, A2, and B2. Table 3 shows the average friction coefficient and seizure test results of different samples. It can be seen that the average friction coefficient of the present invention is significantly reduced compared with 500SN and 8-310, and no serious seizure failure occurs, indicating that the lubricant of the present invention improves the stability of lubrication performance.

[0093] Table 2 Average friction coefficient and seizure test results of different samples

[0094] Sample number 500SN A1 A2 B1 B2 Average friction coefficient 0.17932 0.12242 0.12252 0.16528 0.15554 Is it stuck? yes no no yes yes

[0095] 3. Load-bearing capacity test:

[0096] The load-carrying capacity of 500SN, 500SN A2 with PLT, and 500SN B2 with commercial viscosity modifier 8-310 were tested using an Optimal SRV-IV reciprocating tribometer. The test conditions were loads of 50 to 500 N, a frequency of 25 Hz, an amplitude of 1 mm, a duration of 25 minutes, and a temperature of 25°C. The friction pair employed a ball-on-disc contact configuration. The upper test ball was an AISI 52100 steel ball with a diameter of 10 mm, and the lower test specimen was an AISI 52100 steel block with a diameter of 24 mm and a height of 8 mm, a hardness of 750 to 800 HV, and a surface roughness of Ra = 0.012 μm.

[0097] Figure 6 Table 3 is the maximum load-bearing capacity test curve of 500SN, A2 and B2, and Table 4 is the maximum load-bearing capacity test results of different samples. It can be seen that the load-bearing capacity of the present invention is significantly improved compared with 500SN and 8-310. The friction reduction and anti-wear performance of the lubricant added with PLT is far superior to that of the base oil 500SN and the lubricant added with 8-310, and has excellent load-bearing capacity.

[0098] Table 3 Maximum load-bearing capacity test results of different samples

[0099] Sample number 500SN A2 B2 Seizure load (N) 200 400 300

[0100] 4. Thermal stability test:

[0101] Thermogravimetric tests were conducted on PLT and commercial viscosity modifier 8-310. The results are as follows: Figure 7 As shown, it can be seen that the thermal decomposition starting temperature of the PLT provided by the present invention is 340.5°C, while the thermal decomposition starting temperature of 8-310 is 308.1°C, indicating that PLT exhibits better thermal stability than 8-310.

[0102] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not constitute any limitation thereto. It should be noted that those skilled in the art may make various improvements and modifications without departing from the principles of the present invention, and such improvements and modifications shall also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A PAMA-type polyionic liquid multifunctional lubricating additive having the structure shown in Formula I: In formula I, m:n is 1:9-11.

2. The PAMA type polyionic liquid multifunctional lubricating additive according to claim 1, characterized in that The m:n is 1:

10.

3. The method for preparing the PAMA type polyionic liquid multifunctional lubricating additive according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: trioctylphosphine, octane bromide and an organic solvent are mixed to carry out a nucleophilic substitution reaction to obtain tetraoctylphosphine bromide; The tetraoctylphosphonium bromide, an organic solvent and an aqueous solution of sodium p-styrenesulfonate are mixed to perform an ion exchange reaction to obtain a tetraoctylphosphonium 4-styrenesulfonate monomer; The tetraoctylphosphonium 4-styrenesulfonate monomer, lauryl methacrylate, an initiator and an organic solvent are mixed to carry out a polymerization reaction to obtain the PAMA type polyionic liquid multifunctional lubricating additive; The tetraoctylphosphonium 4-styrenesulfonate monomer has a structure shown in Formula II:

4. The preparation method according to claim 3, characterized in that The molar ratio of trioctylphosphine to octane bromide is 1:1-1.4; the molar ratio of tetraoctylphosphine bromide to sodium p-styrenesulfonate in the sodium salt aqueous solution is 1:1-1.4; and the molar ratio of tetraoctylphosphonium 4-styrenesulfonate monomer to lauryl methacrylate is 1:9-12.

5. The preparation method according to claim 3, characterized in that The temperature of the nucleophilic substitution reaction is 70-85° C. and the time is 22-26 hours; the temperature of the ion exchange reaction is 20-35° C. and the time is 10-14 hours; the temperature of the polymerization reaction is 75-85° C. and the time is 6-10 hours.

6. The preparation method according to claim 3, characterized in that The initiator comprises an azo initiator, the mass of the azo initiator accounts for 0.5% to 2% of the total mass of the reactants, and the reactants comprise tetraoctylphosphonium 4-styrenesulfonate monomer and lauryl methacrylate.

7. Use of the PAMA type polyionic liquid multifunctional lubricating additive according to claim 1 or 2 in the field of lubrication of mechanical parts.

8. A lubricant, characterized in that: The invention comprises a base oil and an auxiliary agent, wherein the auxiliary agent is the PAMA type polyionic liquid multifunctional lubricating additive according to claim 1 or 2.

9. The lubricant according to claim 8, characterized in that The invention comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 95% to 99% of base oil and 1% to 5% of auxiliary agent.

10. The lubricant according to claim 8, characterized in that The base oil includes 500SN.

Images