Convertible pier abutment cover beam structure and construction method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of bridge engineering, and discloses a convertible pier abutment cover beam structure and a construction method thereof. Comprising a precast beam, a replacement groove formed in the side wall of the precast beam, a reserved opening formed in the side wall of the precast beam, a jacking groove formed in the inner wall of the replacement groove and a limiting rod fixedly connected to the inner wall of the jacking groove. The replacing mechanism comprises a cover plate movably connected to the side wall of the precast beam and a sealing plate fixedly connected to the bottom of the cover plate. Through cooperative use of the supporting mechanism and the replacing mechanism, when the precast beam bears the load of a bridge body, a limiting spring and an ejector block in a limiting assembly automatically adjust the position, so that a fillet sliding block is accurately clamped into a limiting groove of a replacing steel box, the connecting stability is ensured, and a connecting assembly absorbs vibration energy through elastic deformation of the ejector spring; buffering springs and damping plates of the damping assemblies are matched to form a multi-stage damping structure, and dynamic loads are effectively dispersed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of bridge engineering, and in particular to a convertible bridge pier cap beam structure and a construction method thereof. Background Art

[0002] As an important load-bearing component in bridge structures, the background technology of the cap beam can be traced back to the pier beams of ancient stone arch bridges. With the development of modern civil engineering, the application of reinforced concrete and prestressed technology has made the design and construction of the cap beam more efficient and reliable. Its development history has evolved from early brick and stone masonry to prefabricated assembly and standardized design. In recent years, the introduction of BIM technology and intelligent construction has further improved its accuracy and safety. The application scenarios cover various bridge projects such as highway bridges, railway bridges, and urban interchanges. It is mainly used to support the upper beams and transfer the load to the piers. It plays a key role in scenarios such as overpasses and viaducts that require large-span support. Its performance directly affects the overall stability and durability of the bridge.

[0003] The current bridge pier and abutment cap beam structure has its form and size determined before construction. It lacks a convertible design and is difficult to flexibly adjust according to changes in the bridge design plan or actual on-site conditions. During the construction preparation stage, if the force requirements between the piers and abutments change, the traditional cap beam cannot achieve functional adaptation by replacing or reorganizing key components due to its high degree of structural integration and low degree of component standardization, resulting in extended design cycles and increased construction costs. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the problems existing in the above-mentioned existing convertible bridge pier cap beam structure and its construction method, the present invention is proposed.

[0005] Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a convertible bridge pier cap beam structure and a construction method thereof.

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: comprising:

[0007] The support mechanism includes a precast beam, a replacement groove provided in a side wall of the precast beam, a reserved opening provided in the side wall of the precast beam, a jacking groove provided on an inner wall of the replacement groove, a limiting rod fixedly connected to the inner wall of the jacking groove, a limiting assembly slidably connected to the inner wall of the jacking groove, a connecting assembly fixedly connected to a surface of the precast beam, a shock absorbing assembly fixedly connected to a surface of the connecting assembly, and an auxiliary assembly fixedly connected to a surface of the shock absorbing assembly;

[0008] The replacement mechanism includes a cover plate movably connected to the side wall of the prefabricated beam, a sealing plate fixedly connected to the bottom of the cover plate, a replacement steel box movably connected to the surface of the sealing plate, limiting grooves arranged on both sides of the replacement steel box, installation grooves opened on both sides of the replacement steel box, a reserved groove arranged on the surface of the replacement steel box, a locking assembly fixedly connected to the inner wall of the reserved groove, a clamping assembly opened on the side wall of the replacement steel box, and a steel plate assembly threadedly connected to the inner wall of the reserved groove.

[0009] As a preferred solution of the convertible pier cap beam structure described in the present invention, the limiting assembly includes a limiting spring fixedly connected to the inner wall of the jacking groove, a top block fixedly connected to the end of the limiting spring, a limiting groove arranged on the side wall of the top block, and a rounded slider fixedly connected to the side wall of the top block.

[0010] As a preferred solution of the convertible pier cap beam structure described in the present invention, the connecting assembly includes side plates fixedly connected to both sides of the prefabricated beam, a limiting shell fixedly connected to the bottom of the side plate, and a pushing spring fixedly connected to the inner wall of the limiting shell.

[0011] As a preferred solution of the convertible bridge pier cap beam structure described in the present invention, the connecting assembly also includes a support column fixedly connected to the end of the jacking spring, a mounting plate fixedly connected to the side wall of the support column, and mounting blocks fixedly connected to both sides of the mounting plate.

[0012] As a preferred solution of the convertible pier cap beam structure described in the present invention, the shock-absorbing assembly includes a sliding column fixedly connected to the side wall of the mounting block, a buffer spring sleeved on the surface of the sliding column, a shock-absorbing plate fixedly connected to the end of the buffer spring, and a shock-absorbing shell sleeved on the surface of the shock-absorbing plate.

[0013] As a preferred solution of the convertible bridge pier cap beam structure described in the present invention, the auxiliary component includes a hydraulic cylinder fixedly connected to the side wall of the mounting plate, a protrusion fixedly connected to the end of the hydraulic cylinder, a connecting sleeve fixedly connected to the bottom of the mounting plate, a grouting pipe connected to the side wall of the connecting sleeve, and a one-way valve connected to the end of the grouting pipe.

[0014] As a preferred solution of the convertible pier cap beam structure described in the present invention, the locking assembly includes a mounting collar fixedly connected to the inner wall of the reserved groove, a rotating nut slidably connected to the inner wall of the mounting collar, and a screw fixedly connected to the side wall of the rotating nut.

[0015] As a preferred solution of the convertible pier cap beam structure described in the present invention, the clamping assembly includes a clamping groove opened on the inner wall of the reserved groove, a guide rod fixedly connected to the inner wall of the clamping groove, a sliding sleeve sleeved on the surface of the guide rod, a stop block fixedly connected to the side wall of the sliding sleeve, a push rod fixedly connected to the side wall of the stop block, and a push spring fixedly connected to the side wall of the push rod.

[0016] As a preferred solution of the convertible bridge pier cap beam structure described in the present invention, the steel plate assembly includes a tenon movably connected to the inner wall of the clamping groove, a steel casing fixedly connected to the surface of the tenon, a transmission port opened on the side wall of the steel casing, a filling block fixedly connected to the inner wall of the steel casing, and a reinforcing rib fixedly connected to the inner wall of the steel casing.

[0017] The method for constructing a convertible bridge pier cap beam according to the present invention includes the following steps:

[0018] Step 1: Install the supporting mechanism, place the precast beam on the top of the pier, connect the concrete grouting machine with the one-way valve, use the grouting pipe to pour concrete into the connecting shell, and after pouring, place the precast bridge body on the side wall of the precast beam. When the bridge body is squeezed and vibrated, the precast beam will drive the limit shell to move downward, and the limit shell will push the jacking spring to move downward. The jacking spring will transmit the force to the support column, and multiple support columns will evenly distribute the force to the mounting plate. At the same time, the precast beam will transmit the force to the side wall of the shock-absorbing shell. The shock-absorbing shell moves downward, pressing the shock-absorbing plate to move downward, and the shock-absorbing plate presses the buffer spring to move. The buffer spring will transmit the force to the surface of the mounting block to complete the shock absorption of the precast beam. When the pier sinks, the hydraulic cylinder extends, and the jacking convex block moves upward. The convex block drives the precast beam to move upward, reducing the deformation of the bridge body.

[0019] Step 2: Convert the piers and abutment cap beams, remove the cover plate, drive the hydraulic cylinder, the hydraulic cylinder pushes the protrusion, the protrusion passes through the reserved opening, and pushes out the replacement steel box, pushing the block, the block drives the push rod to move in the direction of the push spring, turn the rotating nut counterclockwise, the rotating nut drives the screw to rotate, the screw cooperates with the thread on the transmission port, drives the steel sleeve to move upward, the tenon on the steel sleeve cooperates with the connecting groove to move upward, take out the cylinder sleeve, replace different steel plate components, after the replacement is completed, release the block, push the spring to push the push rod, the push rod pushes the block, the block cooperates with the sliding sleeve to slide on the surface of the guide rod, the block returns to its original position, and presses the tenon. According to the stress requirements of the piers and abutments, the arrangement of the reinforcement is replaced to complete the conversion of the piers and abutment cap beams.

[0020] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: through the coordinated use of the supporting mechanism and the replacement mechanism, when the precast beam bears the load of the bridge body, the limit spring and the top block in the limit assembly automatically adjust their positions, so that the rounded slider is accurately inserted into the limit groove of the replacement steel box to ensure the stability of the connection; the connection assembly absorbs vibration energy through the elastic deformation of the top spring, and cooperates with the buffer spring and the shock-absorbing plate of the shock-absorbing assembly to form a multi-stage shock-absorbing structure, which effectively disperses the dynamic load; the hydraulic cylinder of the auxiliary assembly can adjust the height of the precast beam in real time to compensate for the settlement and deformation of the pier, and the casting structure of the grouting pipe and the connecting sleeve enhances the overall rigidity; the locking assembly of the replacement mechanism realizes rapid disassembly and assembly through the threaded transmission of the screw and the steel sleeve; the push spring and the resist block of the clamping assembly automatically lock the tenon, making the replacement of the steel plate assembly convenient and firm; the reinforcement ribs in the steel sleeve can be flexibly adjusted and arranged according to different working conditions to meet the differentiated force requirements of the piers and abutments, realizing the modular conversion, dynamic leveling and efficient shock absorption of the cap beam, and greatly improving the adaptability and maintenance efficiency of the bridge. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for describing the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can also derive other drawings based on these drawings without inventive effort. Among them:

[0022] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure between the prefabricated beam and the replacement groove of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 3 It is a schematic structural diagram of the limiting component of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the connection assembly structure of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the connection structure between the hydraulic cylinder and the bump of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the connection structure between the one-way valve and the grouting pipe of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure between the replacement steel box and the installation groove of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 8 It is a schematic structural diagram of the locking assembly of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 9 It is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the steel plate assembly of the present invention.

[0031] In the figure: 100, support mechanism; 101, prefabricated beam; 102, replacement groove; 103, reserved opening; 104, push groove; 105, limit rod; 106, limit assembly; 106a, limit spring; 106b, push block; 106c, limit groove; 106d, rounded slider; 107, connecting assembly; 107a, side plate; 107b, limit shell; 107c, push spring; 107d, support column; 107e, mounting plate; 107f, mounting block; 108, shock-absorbing assembly; 108a, sliding column; 108b, buffer spring; 108c, shock-absorbing plate; 108d, shock-absorbing shell; 109, auxiliary assembly; 109a, hydraulic cylinder; 109b, bump ; 109c, connecting sleeve; 109d, grouting pipe; 109e, one-way valve; 200, replacement mechanism; 201, cover plate; 202, sealing plate; 203, replacement steel box; 204, installation groove; 205, reserved groove; 206, locking assembly; 206a, installation ring; 206b, rotating nut; 206c, screw; 207, snap-fit ​​assembly; 207a, snap-fit ​​groove; 207b, guide rod; 207c, sliding sleeve; 207d, stop block; 207e, push rod; 207f, push spring; 208, steel plate assembly; 208a, tenon; 208b, steel sleeve; 208c, transmission port; 208d, filling block; 208e, reinforcement rib. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the specific embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0033] In the following description, many specific details are set forth to facilitate a full understanding of the present invention. However, the present invention may also be implemented in other ways different from those described herein. Those skilled in the art may make similar generalizations without violating the connotation of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0034] Secondly, the term "one embodiment" or "embodiment" herein refers to a specific feature, structure, or characteristic that may be included in at least one implementation of the present invention. The phrase "in one embodiment" appearing in various places throughout this specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor does it refer to a separate or selective embodiment that is mutually exclusive of other embodiments.

[0035] Furthermore, the present invention is described in detail with reference to schematic diagrams. For ease of illustration, when describing the embodiments of the present invention, cross-sectional views illustrating device structures may be partially enlarged and not to scale. Furthermore, the schematic diagrams are merely illustrative and should not limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Furthermore, in actual production, the three-dimensional dimensions of length, width, and depth should be included.

[0036] Example

[0037] Reference Figures 1 to 9 , as an embodiment of the present invention, provides a convertible bridge pier cap beam structure and a construction method thereof, the device comprising:

[0038] The support mechanism 100 includes a precast beam 101, a replacement groove 102 provided in a side wall of the precast beam 101, a reserved opening 103 provided in the side wall of the precast beam 101, a jacking groove 104 provided on the inner wall of the replacement groove 102, a limiting rod 105 fixedly connected to the inner wall of the jacking groove 104, a limiting assembly 106 slidably connected to the inner wall of the jacking groove 104, a connecting assembly 107 fixedly connected to the surface of the precast beam 101, a shock absorbing assembly 108 fixedly connected to the surface of the connecting assembly 107, and an auxiliary assembly 109 fixedly connected to the surface of the shock absorbing assembly 108;

[0039] The replacement mechanism 200 includes a cover plate 201 movably connected to the side wall of the prefabricated beam 101, a sealing plate 202 fixedly connected to the bottom of the cover plate 201, a replacement steel box 203 movably connected to the surface of the sealing plate 202, limiting grooves 106c arranged on both sides of the replacement steel box 203, installation grooves 204 opened on both sides of the replacement steel box 203, a reserved groove 205 arranged on the surface of the replacement steel box 203, a locking assembly 206 fixedly connected to the inner wall of the reserved groove 205, a clamping assembly 207 opened on the side wall of the replacement steel box 203, and a steel plate assembly 208 threadedly connected to the inner wall of the reserved groove 205.

[0040] Specifically, the limiting assembly 106 includes a limiting spring 106a fixedly connected to the inner wall of the ejection groove 104, a top block 106b fixedly connected to the end of the limiting spring 106a, a limiting groove 106c provided on the side wall of the top block 106b, and a rounded slider 106d fixedly connected to the side wall of the top block 106b. The connecting assembly 107 includes a side plate 107a fixedly connected to both sides of the precast beam 101, a limiting shell 107b fixedly connected to the bottom of the side plate 107a, and an ejection spring 107c fixedly connected to the inner wall of the limiting shell 107b. The connecting assembly 107 also includes a support column 107d fixedly connected to the end of the push spring 107c, a mounting plate 107e fixedly connected to the side wall of the support column 107d, and a mounting block 107f fixedly connected to both sides of the mounting plate 107e. The shock absorbing assembly 108 includes a sliding column 108a fixedly connected to the side wall of the mounting block 107f, a buffer spring 108b sleeved on the surface of the sliding column 108a, a shock absorbing plate 108c fixedly connected to the end of the buffer spring 108b, and a shock absorbing shell 108d sleeved on the surface of the shock absorbing plate 108c.

[0041] Furthermore, in the support mechanism 100, the prefabricated beam 101 serves as the main bearing structure, and the replacement slot 102 and the reserved opening 103 opened on the side wall thereof provide an operating space for the installation and maintenance of the replacement steel box 203. The limiting rod 105 provided in the jacking slot 104 is used in conjunction with the limiting assembly 106, and the elastic pressure of the limiting spring 106a pushes the top block 106b, so that the rounded slider 106d is accurately inserted into the limiting slot 106c of the replacement steel box 203, thereby realizing rapid positioning and locking. The connecting assembly 107 is rigidly fixed to the limiting shell 107b through the side plate 107a, and combined with the elastic support of the jacking spring 107c, the support column 107d can dynamically adapt to load changes, and the mounting plate 107e and The mounting block 107f further transmits the force to the shock absorbing assembly 108. In the shock absorbing assembly 108, the sliding column 108a and the buffer spring 108b form a multi-stage buffer system. The shock absorbing plate 108c disperses the vibration energy laterally under the constraint of the shock absorbing shell 108d, effectively reducing the impact of the impact on the overall structure. The cover plate 201 and the sealing plate 202 of the replacement mechanism 200 form a closed protection. The replacement steel box 203 is engaged with the support mechanism 100 through the limiting grooves 106c and the mounting grooves 204 on both sides. The locking assembly 206 and the clamping assembly 207 in the reserved groove 205 doubly fix the steel plate assembly 208 to ensure its stability under the threaded connection, thereby achieving modular replacement function while ensuring structural strength.

[0042] Among them, the auxiliary component 109 includes a hydraulic cylinder 109a fixedly connected to the side wall of the mounting plate 107e, a protrusion 109b fixedly connected to the end of the hydraulic cylinder 109a, a connecting sleeve 109c fixedly connected to the bottom of the mounting plate 107e, a grouting pipe 109d connected to the side wall of the connecting sleeve 109c, and a one-way valve 109e connected to the end of the grouting pipe 109d. The locking component 206 includes a mounting ring 206a fixedly connected to the inner wall of the reserved groove 205, a rotating nut 206b slidably connected to the inner wall of the mounting ring 206a, and a screw 206c fixedly connected to the side wall of the rotating nut 206b.

[0043] Preferably, the clamping assembly 207 includes a clamping groove 207a opened on the inner wall of the reserved groove 205, a guide rod 207b fixedly connected to the inner wall of the clamping groove 207a, a sliding sleeve 207c sleeved on the surface of the guide rod 207b, a block 207d fixedly connected to the side wall of the sliding sleeve 207c, a push rod 207e fixedly connected to the side wall of the block 207d, and a push spring 207f fixedly connected to the side wall of the push rod 207e; the steel plate assembly 208 includes a tenon 208a movably connected to the inner wall of the clamping groove 207a, a steel shell 208b fixedly connected to the surface of the tenon 208a, a transmission port 208c opened on the side wall of the steel shell, a filling block 208d fixedly connected to the inner wall of the steel shell, and a reinforcing rib 208e fixedly connected to the inner wall of the steel shell 208b.

[0044] It should be noted that the coordinated use of the support mechanism 100 and the replacement mechanism 200 achieves efficient conversion and long-term stable operation of the bridge pier cap beam. In the support mechanism 100, the combination of the hydraulic cylinder 109a and the protrusion 109b provides dynamic adjustment capability. When the bridge pier sinks, the hydraulic cylinder 109a pushes the protrusion 109b to lift the precast beam 101, effectively compensating for the settlement deformation and ensuring the flatness of the bridge body. The coordination of the connecting sleeve 109c and the grouting pipe 109d makes concrete pouring more convenient. The one-way valve 109e prevents the slurry from flowing back and ensures the density of the pouring. The locking assembly 206 of the replacement mechanism 200 constrains the rotating nut 206 by installing the collar 206a. b stroke, the screw 206c engages with the threaded transmission port 208c of the steel plate assembly 208, realizing the rapid disassembly and assembly of the steel casing 208b, the precise cooperation between the guide rod 207b and the sliding sleeve 207c in the clamping assembly 207 ensures the stable movement trajectory of the block 207d, and the elastic reset function of the push spring 207f keeps the tenon 208a in a locked state at all times to prevent the steel plate assembly 208 from loosening, and the arrangement of the filling block 208d and the reinforcing rib 208e inside the steel plate assembly 208 can be customized according to the stress characteristics of the piers and abutments, and the transmission port 208c of the steel casing 208b and the screw 206c form a threaded pair transmission, which not only ensures the bearing strength but also takes into account the convenience of replacement.

[0045] The present invention also provides a method for constructing a convertible bridge pier cap beam, comprising the following steps:

[0046] Step 1: Install the support mechanism 100, place the precast beam 101 on the top of the pier, connect the concrete grouting machine with the one-way valve 109e, use the grouting pipe 109d to pour concrete into the connecting sleeve 109c, and after pouring, place the precast bridge body on the side wall of the precast beam 101. When the bridge body is squeezed and vibrated, the precast beam 101 will drive the limit shell 107b to move downward, and the limit shell 107b will push the push spring 107c to move downward, and the push spring 107c will transmit the force to the support column 107d. Multiple support columns 1 07d evenly distributes the force to the mounting plate 107e. At the same time, the precast beam 101 transmits the force to the side wall of the shock-absorbing shell 108d. The shock-absorbing shell 108d moves downward, pressing the shock-absorbing plate 108c downward. The shock-absorbing plate 108c presses the buffer spring 108b to move. The buffer spring 108b transmits the force to the surface of the mounting block 107f, completing the shock absorption of the precast beam 101. When the pier settles, the hydraulic cylinder 109a extends, pushing the protrusion 109b upward, and the protrusion 109b drives the precast beam 101 to move upward, reducing the deformation of the bridge body.

[0047] Step 2: Convert the bridge piers and abutment cap beams, remove the cover plate 201, drive the hydraulic cylinder 109a, the hydraulic cylinder 109a pushes the protrusion 109b, the protrusion 109b passes through the reserved opening 103, and the replacement steel box 203 is pushed out, pushing the block 207d, and the block 207d drives the push rod 207e to move in the direction of the push spring 207f, and rotates the rotating nut 206b counterclockwise. The rotating nut 206b drives the screw rod 206c to rotate, and the screw rod 206c cooperates with the thread on the transmission port 208c to drive the steel shell to move upward, and the steel shell is on The tenon 208a cooperates with the card slot 207a to move upward, the cylinder shell is taken out, and a different steel plate assembly 208 is replaced. After the replacement is completed, the block 207d is released, and the push spring 207f pushes the push rod 207e. The push rod 207e pushes the block 207d, and the block 207d cooperates with the sliding sleeve 207c to slide on the surface of the guide rod 207b. The block 207d returns to its original position and presses the tenon 208a. According to the stress requirements of the piers and abutments, the arrangement of the reinforcement ribs 208e is replaced to complete the conversion of the piers and abutment cap beams.

[0048] It should be noted that this construction method, through the linkage mechanism of hydraulic active adjustment, modular replacement and multiple shock-absorbing buffers, achieves adaptive conversion to different working conditions while maintaining the integrity of the structure, greatly improving the maintenance efficiency and service life of the bridge structure.

[0049] It is important to note that the construction and arrangement of the present application, as illustrated in various exemplary embodiments, are illustrative only. Although only a few embodiments are described in detail in this disclosure, those reading this disclosure will readily appreciate that numerous modifications are possible (e.g., variations in the size, dimensions, structure, shape, and proportions of various components, as well as parameter values ​​(e.g., temperature, pressure, etc.), mounting arrangements, use of materials, color, orientation, etc.) without materially departing from the novel teachings and advantages of the subject matter described herein. For example, components shown as integrally formed may be constructed from multiple parts or components, the positions of components may be inverted or otherwise altered, and the nature, number, or position of discrete components may be modified or changed. All such modifications are therefore intended to be encompassed within the scope of this invention. The order or sequence of any process or method steps may be altered or resequenced according to alternative embodiments. In the claims, any "means-plus-function" clause is intended to cover structures described herein that perform the recited function, and not only structural equivalents but also equivalent structures. Other substitutions, modifications, changes, and omissions may be made in the design, operating conditions, and arrangement of the exemplary embodiments without departing from the scope of this invention. Therefore, the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments, but extends to various modifications that still fall within the scope of the appended claims.

[0050] Additionally, in order to provide a concise description of exemplary embodiments, all features of an actual embodiment may not be described (ie, those features that are not relevant to the best mode presently contemplated for carrying out the invention or those that are not relevant to implementing the invention).

[0051] It should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present invention may be modified or replaced by equivalents without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, which should all be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A convertible bridge pier cap beam structure, characterized by: include, A support mechanism (100) comprises a prefabricated beam (101), a replacement groove (102) provided on a side wall of the prefabricated beam (101), a reserved opening (103) provided on a side wall of the prefabricated beam (101), a jacking groove (104) provided on an inner wall of the replacement groove (102), a limiting rod (105) fixedly connected to the inner wall of the jacking groove (104), a limiting assembly (106) slidably connected to the inner wall of the jacking groove (104), a connecting assembly (107) fixedly connected to a surface of the prefabricated beam (101), a shock absorbing assembly (108) fixedly connected to a surface of the connecting assembly (107), and an auxiliary assembly (109) fixedly connected to a surface of the shock absorbing assembly (108); The replacement mechanism (200) comprises a cover plate (201) movably connected to the side wall of the prefabricated beam (101), a sealing plate (202) fixedly connected to the bottom of the cover plate (201), a replacement steel box (203) movably connected to the surface of the sealing plate (202), limiting grooves (106c) arranged on both sides of the replacement steel box (203), installation grooves (204) opened on both sides of the replacement steel box (203), a reserved groove (205) arranged on the surface of the replacement steel box (203), a locking assembly (206) fixedly connected to the inner wall of the reserved groove (205), a clamping assembly (207) opened on the side wall of the replacement steel box (203), and a steel plate assembly (208) threadedly connected to the inner wall of the reserved groove (205).

2. The convertible bridge pier cap beam structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The limiting assembly (106) comprises a limiting spring (106a) fixedly connected to the inner wall of the push groove (104), a push block (106b) fixedly connected to the end of the limiting spring (106a), a limiting groove (106c) provided on the side wall of the push block (106b), and a rounded slider (106d) fixedly connected to the side wall of the push block (106b).

3. The convertible bridge pier cap beam structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The connection assembly (107) comprises side plates (107a) fixedly connected to both sides of the prefabricated beam (101), a limiting shell (107b) fixedly connected to the bottom of the side plates (107a), and a push spring (107c) fixedly connected to the inner wall of the limiting shell (107b).

4. The convertible bridge pier cap beam structure according to claim 3 is characterized by: The connecting assembly (107) further comprises a support column (107d) fixedly connected to the end of the push spring (107c), a mounting plate (107e) fixedly connected to the side wall of the support column (107d), and mounting blocks (107f) fixedly connected to both sides of the mounting plate (107e).

5. The convertible bridge pier cap beam structure according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The shock absorbing assembly (108) comprises a sliding column (108a) fixedly connected to the side wall of the mounting block (107f), a buffer spring (108b) sleeved on the surface of the sliding column (108a), a shock absorbing plate (108c) fixedly connected to the end of the buffer spring (108b), and a shock absorbing shell (108d) sleeved on the surface of the shock absorbing plate (108c).

6. The convertible bridge pier cap beam structure according to claim 5, characterized in that: The auxiliary component (109) comprises a hydraulic cylinder (109a) fixedly connected to the side wall of the mounting plate (107e), a protrusion (109b) fixedly connected to the end of the hydraulic cylinder (109a), a connecting sleeve (109c) fixedly connected to the bottom of the mounting plate (107e), a grouting pipe (109d) connected to the side wall of the connecting sleeve (109c), and a one-way valve (109e) connected to the end of the grouting pipe (109d).

7. The convertible bridge pier cap beam structure according to claim 6, characterized in that: The locking assembly (206) comprises a mounting collar (206a) fixedly connected to the inner wall of the reserved groove (205), a rotating nut (206b) slidably connected to the inner wall of the mounting collar (206a), and a screw (206c) fixedly connected to the side wall of the rotating nut (206b).

8. The convertible bridge pier cap beam structure according to claim 7, characterized in that: The clamping assembly (207) comprises a clamping groove (207a) provided on the inner wall of the reserved groove (205), a guide rod (207b) fixedly connected to the inner wall of the clamping groove (207a), a sliding sleeve (207c) sleeved on the surface of the guide rod (207b), a stop block (207d) fixedly connected to the side wall of the sliding sleeve (207c), a push rod (207e) fixedly connected to the side wall of the stop block (207d), and a push spring (207f) fixedly connected to the side wall of the push rod (207e).

9. The convertible bridge pier cap beam structure according to claim 8, characterized in that: The steel plate assembly (208) includes a tenon (208a) movably connected to the inner wall of the clamping groove (207a), a steel casing (208b) fixedly connected to the surface of the tenon (208a), a transmission opening (208c) opened on the side wall of the steel casing, a filling block (208d) fixedly connected to the inner wall of the steel casing, and a reinforcing rib (208e) fixedly connected to the inner wall of the steel casing (208b).

10. A method for constructing a convertible bridge pier cap beam according to claims 1-9, characterized in that: The steps include: Step 1: Install the support mechanism (100), place the precast beam (101) on the top of the bridge pier, connect the concrete grouting machine with the one-way valve (109e), use the grouting pipe (109d) to pour concrete into the connecting shell (109c), and after the pouring is completed, place the precast bridge body on the side wall of the precast beam (101). When the bridge body is squeezed and vibrated, the precast beam (101) will drive the limit shell (107b) to move downward, and the limit shell (107b) will push the push spring (107c) to move downward. The push spring (107c) transmits the force to the support column (107d), and multiple support columns (107 d) The force is evenly distributed on the mounting plate (107e), and at the same time, the precast beam (101) transmits the force to the side wall of the shock-absorbing shell (108d), and the shock-absorbing shell (108d) moves downward, pressing the shock-absorbing plate (108c) to move downward, and the shock-absorbing plate (108c) presses the buffer spring (108b) to move, and the buffer spring (108b) transmits the force to the surface of the mounting block (107f), completing the shock absorption of the precast beam (101). When the bridge pier settles, the hydraulic cylinder (109a) extends, and the push-up protrusion (109b) moves upward. The protrusion (109b) drives the precast beam (101) to move upward, reducing the deformation of the bridge body; Step 2: Convert the bridge piers and abutment cap beams, remove the cap plate (201), drive the hydraulic cylinder (109a), the hydraulic cylinder (109a) pushes the protrusion (109b), the protrusion (109b) passes through the reserved opening (103), and pushes out the replacement steel box (203), pushing the block (207d), the block (207d) drives the push rod (207e) to move in the direction of the push spring (207f), and rotates the rotating nut (206b) counterclockwise. The rotating nut (206b) drives the screw (206c) to rotate, and the screw (206c) cooperates with the thread on the transmission port (208c) to drive the steel shell to move upward, and the steel shell The tenon (208a) on the shell cooperates with the card slot (207a) to move upward, the cylinder shell is taken out, and a different steel plate assembly (208) is replaced. After the replacement is completed, the block (207d) is released, and the push spring (207f) pushes the push rod (207e). The push rod (207e) pushes the block (207d), and the block (207d) cooperates with the sliding sleeve (207c) to slide on the surface of the guide rod (207b). The block (207d) returns to its original position and presses the tenon (208a). According to the stress requirements of the piers and abutments, the arrangement of the reinforcement (208e) is replaced, thereby completing the conversion of the piers and abutment cap beams.

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