Underground data monitoring system and method for rod pumped well

Abstract

The invention discloses an underground data monitoring system and method for a rod-pumped well, and the system comprises an underground data monitoring device which is fixed on a sucker rod, is lowered underground along with the sucker rod, and is used for collecting underground data in real time after the sucker rod reaches a designated position, and adjusting the stress state of the sucker rod in real time according to the underground data, the oil pumping process is started by controlling the oil pumping action of the oil pumping rod; the outside-well monitoring device is arranged at a well mouth and is used for acquiring stress change characteristics of the sucker rod in real time; and the data processing device is used for restoring the corresponding underground data by using the stress change characteristics so as to obtain an underground data monitoring result. The system can be used for downhole data monitoring and shaft wireless transmission of the sucker-rod pump well, and downhole wireless data monitoring of the sucker-rod pump well is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of downhole monitoring, and in particular relates to a downhole data monitoring system and method for a pumping well. Background Art

[0002] Currently, oil well lifting and gas well drainage typically utilize a pumpjack system. Due to the inherent characteristics of pumping, monitoring equipment cannot be lowered into the tubing. Furthermore, it is difficult to install downhole pressure gauges to monitor changes in pressure and temperature. Consequently, downhole pressure fluctuations can only be estimated by measuring the liquid level in the annulus. However, relying on dynamic liquid level measurements to monitor downhole conditions in pumped wells is often affected by well inclination, annular pressure, and the presence of foam, making accurate downhole data difficult to obtain.

[0003] During the implementation of this invention, the inventors discovered that, based on the refined demands of stratified injection and production, the large-scale application of horizontal wells, and the rapid changes in downhole pressure in tight oil reservoirs, installing temperature and pressure gauges and other monitoring instruments downhole to monitor downhole conditions is more conducive to developing reasonable production systems and process optimization systems. However, due to wellbore conditions, the installation of cable-based downhole monitoring technology is complex, and its adaptability is particularly limited in horizontal wells. Therefore, to improve the adaptability of downhole monitoring in pumping wells, it is necessary to develop a downhole wireless transmission monitoring method suitable for pumping wells. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to solve the above problems, an embodiment of the present invention provides a downhole data monitoring system for a pumping well, comprising: a downhole data monitoring device, which is fixed on the sucker rod and lowered into the well together with the sucker rod, and is used to collect downhole data in real time after the sucker rod reaches a specified position, and adjust the stress state of the sucker rod in real time according to the downhole data, so as to start the pumping process by controlling the pumping action of the sucker rod; an off-hole monitoring device, which is arranged at the wellhead, and is used to obtain the force change characteristics of the sucker rod in real time; a data processing device, which is used to use the force change characteristics to restore the corresponding downhole data, thereby obtaining the downhole data monitoring results.

[0005] Preferably, the downhole data monitoring device includes: a downhole monitoring unit, which is used to convert the downhole data into an indication signal for indicating a change in the stress state of the sucker rod, and transmit the indication signal to a downhole signal loading unit; the downhole signal loading unit, which is used to adjust the stress state of the sucker rod according to the indication signal, so that the sucker rod has a force change characteristic that matches the indication signal.

[0006] Preferably, the off-hole monitoring device is fixed to the portion of the sucker rod located outside the well; and the downhole monitoring unit and the downhole signal loading unit are fixed to the portion of the sucker rod located downhole, and are respectively arranged above and below the oil pump.

[0007] Preferably, the downhole monitoring unit includes: a monitoring instrument for simultaneously collecting multiple different types of downhole data, the monitoring instruments including but not limited to thermometers, pressure gauges, flow meters and water content meters; a data conversion module for collecting the downhole data at a preset collection time interval, wherein, during each collection, the downhole data is sorted according to a preset data type number, and different types of downhole data are converted into binary form in sequence according to the current order; a signal sending module for converting each type of binary downhole data into the corresponding indication signal in order from high to low or from low to high in the order in which the binary downhole data is generated; and a battery for powering the electrical equipment in the downhole monitoring unit and the downhole signal loading unit.

[0008] Preferably, a multi-core cable is connected between the downhole monitoring unit and the downhole signal loading unit, and the multi-core cable is used to transmit the indication signal to the downhole signal loading unit and transmit the electric energy provided by the battery to the electrical equipment in the downhole signal loading unit.

[0009] Preferably, the downhole monitoring unit further includes: a bracket, which is connected to the oil pipe by a threaded connection and is used to fix and protect the monitoring instrument, the data conversion module, the signal sending module and the battery to avoid deformation or damage.

[0010] Preferably, the downhole signal loading unit includes: an instruction generation module, which is used to receive the indication signal and generate a control instruction for controlling the stress state of the sucker rod according to the indication signal; an execution module connected to the motor, which is used to respond to the control instruction and obtain power from the motor to perform reciprocating motion; a loading module, which is clamped on the sucker rod and connected to the execution module, and is used to perform reciprocating motion in conjunction with the execution module to control the stress state of the sucker rod.

[0011] Preferably, the downhole data monitoring device is also used to collect the current information of the motor in real time, and use the current information as downhole data to control the stress state of the sucker rod, so as to use the current information to determine the power supply state of the motor, thereby assisting in analyzing the downhole pressure characteristics.

[0012] Preferably, the downhole data monitoring system further includes: a wireless transmission device, which is used to wirelessly transmit the restored downhole data to the corresponding equipment using electromagnetic waves, 4G, 5G or satellite signals based on the RTU communication protocol.

[0013] In addition, the present invention also proposes a downhole data monitoring method for a pumping well, wherein the downhole data monitoring method utilizes the downhole data monitoring system for a pumping well described in the present invention to realize the monitoring of the downhole data of the pumping well, wherein the downhole data monitoring method comprises: fixing the downhole data monitoring device on the sucker rod, and lowering it into the well together with the sucker rod; after the sucker rod reaches the specified position, the downhole data monitoring device collects the downhole data in real time, and adjusts the stress state of the sucker rod in real time according to the downhole data, so as to start the pumping process by controlling the pumping action of the sucker rod; obtaining the force change characteristics of the sucker rod in real time by an off-hole monitoring device arranged at the wellhead; and restoring the corresponding downhole data by a data processing device using the force change characteristics, thereby obtaining the downhole data monitoring results.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, one or more embodiments of the above solutions may have the following advantages or beneficial effects:

[0015] The present invention proposes a downhole data monitoring system and method for a pumping well. The system lowers a downhole data monitoring device into the well along with the sucker rod, and adjusts the force state of the sucker rod in real time according to the downhole data collected by the downhole data monitoring device, so as to start the pumping process by controlling the pumping action of the sucker rod. Then, an off-hole monitoring device obtains the force change characteristics of the sucker rod in real time during the pumping process, and a data processing device uses the force change characteristics to restore the downhole data collected by the downhole data monitoring device, thereby realizing the monitoring of the downhole data. Based on the downhole data collected downhole, the present invention carries out loading or unloading on the sucker rod that matches the downhole data, and then changes the load change at the donkey head when the ground pumping unit is running to restore the downhole data outside the well, which makes up for the deficiency of relying on acoustic liquid level meters for monitoring rod pump wells.

[0016] Other features and advantages of the present invention will be described in the following description, and in part will become apparent from the description, or will be understood by practicing the present invention. The purposes and other advantages of the present invention can be realized and obtained by the structures particularly pointed out in the description, claims and drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] The accompanying drawings are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention and constitute a part of the specification. Together with the embodiments of the present invention, they are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute a limitation of the present invention. In the accompanying drawings:

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the specific structure of a downhole data monitoring system for a pumping well according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0019] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the specific structure of a downhole monitoring unit of a downhole data monitoring system for a pumping well according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0020] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the specific structure of a downhole signal loading unit of a downhole data monitoring system for a pumping well according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0021] Figure 4 This is a step diagram of a downhole data monitoring method for a pumping well according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0022] In this application, all drawings are schematic drawings, which are only used to illustrate the principles of the present invention and are not drawn to scale.

[0023] The reference numerals are as follows:

[0024] 1: Casing

[0025] 2: Oil well pump

[0026] 3: Downhole signal loading unit

[0027] 4: YouTube

[0028] 5: Sucker rod

[0029] 6: Off-well monitoring device

[0030] 7: Pumping unit

[0031] 8: Data processing device

[0032] 9: Cable

[0033] 10: Downhole monitoring unit

[0034] 10-1: Thermometer

[0035] 10-2: Pressure gauge

[0036] 10-3: Support

[0037] 10-4: Data conversion module

[0038] 10-5: Battery

[0039] 10-6: Downhole monitoring unit cable connector

[0040] 3-1: Downhole signal loading unit cable connector

[0041] 3-2: Signal conversion module

[0042] 3-3: Actuator control module

[0043] 3-4: Actuator

[0044] 3-5: Conversion mechanism

[0045] 3-6: Loading modules DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0046] The following describes the embodiments of the present invention in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, so that the present invention can fully understand how to apply technical means to solve technical problems and achieve technical effects, and thus implement the invention accordingly. It should be noted that, as long as no conflict exists, the various embodiments of the present invention and the various features of the embodiments can be combined with each other, and the resulting technical solutions are all within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0047] Additionally, the steps shown in the flowcharts of the accompanying drawings may be executed in a computer system such as a set of computer-executable instructions, and although a logical order is shown in the flowcharts, in some cases the steps shown or described may be performed in an order different from that shown.

[0048] Currently, oil well lifting and gas well drainage typically utilize a pumpjack system. Due to the inherent characteristics of pumping, monitoring equipment cannot be lowered into the tubing. Furthermore, it is difficult to install downhole pressure gauges to monitor changes in pressure and temperature. Consequently, downhole pressure fluctuations can only be estimated by measuring the liquid level in the annulus. However, relying on dynamic liquid level measurements to monitor downhole conditions in pumped wells is often affected by well inclination, annular pressure, and the presence of foam, making accurate downhole data difficult to obtain.

[0049] During the implementation of this invention, the inventors discovered that, based on the refined demands of stratified injection and production, the large-scale application of horizontal wells, and the rapid changes in downhole pressure in tight oil reservoirs, installing temperature and pressure gauges and other monitoring instruments downhole to monitor downhole conditions is more conducive to developing reasonable production systems and process optimization systems. However, due to wellbore conditions, the installation of cable-based downhole monitoring technology is complex, and its adaptability is particularly limited in horizontal wells. Therefore, to improve the adaptability of downhole monitoring in pumping wells, it is necessary to develop a downhole wireless transmission monitoring method suitable for pumping wells.

[0050] In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention proposes a downhole data monitoring system and method for pumping wells. The system lowers the downhole data monitoring device into the well together with the sucker rod, and adjusts the force state of the sucker rod in real time according to the downhole data collected by the downhole data monitoring device, so as to start the pumping process by controlling the pumping action of the sucker rod. Then, the off-hole monitoring device obtains the force change characteristics of the sucker rod in real time during the pumping process, and the data processing device uses the force change characteristics to restore the downhole data collected by the downhole data monitoring device, thereby realizing the monitoring of the downhole data. Based on the downhole data collected in the well, the present invention carries out loading or unloading on the sucker rod to match the downhole data, and then changes the load change at the donkey head when the ground pumping unit is running to restore the downhole data outside the well, which makes up for the deficiency of relying on acoustic liquid level meters for monitoring rod pump wells.

[0051] Example 1

[0052] The downhole data monitoring system for the pumping well in this embodiment includes at least: a downhole data monitoring device, an off-hole monitoring device 6, and a data processing device 8. The downhole data monitoring device is fixed to the sucker rod 5 and is lowered into the well together with the sucker rod 5. It is used to collect downhole data in real time after the sucker rod 5 reaches the specified position, and adjust the force state of the sucker rod 5 in real time according to the downhole data, so as to start the pumping process by controlling the pumping action of the sucker rod 5. Afterwards, the off-hole monitoring device 6 set at the wellhead obtains the force change characteristics of the sucker rod 5 in real time. Finally, the data processing device 8 uses the force change characteristics to restore the corresponding downhole data, thereby obtaining the downhole data monitoring results.

[0053] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the specific structure of the downhole data monitoring system for the pumping well according to the embodiment of the present application. Figure 1 The structure of the downhole data monitoring system for a pumping well according to the present invention is described in detail.

[0054] The downhole data monitoring device is fixed to the sucker rod 5 and lowered into the well along with the sucker rod 5. Once the sucker rod 5 reaches a designated position, it collects downhole data in real time and adjusts the stress state of the sucker rod 5 in real time based on the downhole data, thereby initiating the pumping process by controlling the pumping action of the sucker rod 5. In actual use, the pumping unit 7 drives the sucker rod 5 and the oil pump 2 in a reciprocating motion up and down the wellbore to pump oil out of the wellbore. The present invention secures the downhole data monitoring device to the sucker rod 5 and lowers it into the wellbore along with the sucker rod 5 to await the start of the pumping process. Once the sucker rod 5 reaches the designated position, the downhole data monitoring device begins collecting downhole data in real time. While collecting downhole data, the downhole data monitoring device adjusts the stress state of the sucker rod 5 in real time based on the downhole data, ensuring that the stress state of the sucker rod 5 matches the downhole data in real time (i.e., the stress state of the sucker rod 5 reflects the downhole data). Finally, the downhole data monitoring device controls the pumping action of the sucker rod 5 based on the change in the force state of the sucker rod 5, thereby starting the pumping process.

[0055] The downhole data monitoring device includes a downhole monitoring unit 10 and a downhole signal loading unit 3. The downhole monitoring unit 10 converts the downhole data into an indication signal for indicating that the stress state of the sucker rod 5 has changed, and transmits the indication signal to the downhole signal loading unit 3. The downhole monitoring unit 10 converts the collected downhole data into an indication signal that matches the stress state of the sucker rod 5, thereby indicating that the stress state of the sucker rod 5 has changed with the indication signal. In addition, the downhole monitoring unit 10 transmits the generated indication signal to the downhole signal loading unit 3 in real time to instruct the downhole signal loading unit 3 to adjust the stress state of the sucker rod 5. Next, the downhole signal loading unit 3 adjusts the stress state of the sucker rod 5 according to the indication signal, so that the sucker rod 5 has a force change characteristic that matches the indication signal. The downhole signal loading unit 3 receives the indication signal transmitted by the downhole monitoring unit 10 and adjusts the force state of the sucker rod 5 according to the force state of the sucker rod 5 indicated by the indication signal, thereby making the sucker rod 5 have a force change characteristic that matches the indication signal. In this embodiment, the indication signal is generated based on real-time downhole data, so the change in the force state of the sucker rod 5 matches the downhole data, and the force state of the sucker rod 5 can reflect the downhole data.

[0056] Furthermore, the off-hole monitoring device 6 provided at the wellhead obtains the force change characteristics of the sucker rod 5 in real time. Specifically, the change in the force state of the sucker rod 5 matches the downhole data, and the force change characteristics of the sucker rod 5 can reflect the downhole data, that is, the force change characteristics of the sucker rod 5 are related to the downhole data. Therefore, the off-hole monitoring device 6 of this embodiment obtains the force change characteristics of the sucker rod 5 that can reflect the downhole data and are related to the downhole data in real time at the wellhead outside the well, thereby realizing the monitoring of the downhole data of the rod pump well and wireless transmission of the wellbore. Moreover, by converting the downhole data into the force change characteristics of the sucker rod 5 for data transmission (using the sucker rod 5 to transmit the downhole data), the transmission process of the downhole data is not affected by the well inclination, annulus pressure, foam section, etc., which makes up for the deficiency of the rod pump well relying on the acoustic liquid level meter for monitoring, and the downhole data obtained is more accurate.

[0057] In the embodiment of the present application, the off-hole monitoring device 6 is fixed to the portion of the sucker rod 5 located outside the well; and the downhole monitoring unit 10 and the downhole signal loading unit 3 are fixed to the portion of the sucker rod 5 located underground, and are respectively arranged above and below the oil pump 2. The off-hole monitoring device 6 is located at the wellhead outside the well and is fixed to the portion of the sucker rod 5 located outside the well. The downhole data monitoring device is located underground and fixed to the portion of the sucker rod 5 located underground, that is, the downhole monitoring unit 10 and the downhole signal loading unit 3 included in the downhole data monitoring device are both fixed to the portion of the sucker rod 5 located underground. In addition, the downhole monitoring unit 10 and the downhole signal loading unit 3 are respectively arranged above and below the oil pump 2 connected to the sucker rod 5.

[0058] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the specific structure of the downhole monitoring unit of the downhole data monitoring system for a pumping well according to an embodiment of the present application. Figure 2 The downhole monitoring unit 10 includes a monitoring instrument, a data conversion module 10-4, a signal sending module and a battery 10-5.

[0059] The monitoring instrumentation simultaneously collects multiple different types of downhole data. The monitoring instrumentation includes multiple different types of instruments for collecting corresponding types of downhole data (e.g., temperature data, pressure data, etc.) to obtain real-time downhole operating conditions. The monitoring instrumentation in this embodiment includes, but is not limited to, a thermometer 10-1, a pressure gauge 10-2, a flow meter, and a water content meter. The data conversion module 10-4 collects downhole data at preset collection intervals. During each collection, the downhole data is sorted according to a preset data type number and converted into binary format based on the current order. The data conversion module 10-4 presets the collection interval and data type number. During the downhole data collection process, the data conversion module 10-4 instructs the monitoring instrumentation to collect downhole data at the preset collection intervals and sorts the downhole data according to the preset data type number during each collection, thereby obtaining a downhole data sequence that matches the current numbering sequence for each collection. The data conversion module 10-4 then performs binary conversion on each downhole data sequence based on the current numbering sequence, thereby generating a string containing only two values: 0 and 1 for each downhole data sequence. The battery 10 - 5 of this embodiment is used to supply power to the electrical equipment in the downhole monitoring unit 10 and the downhole signal loading unit 3 .

[0060] Next, the signal transmission module (not shown) converts each type of binary downhole data into a corresponding indication signal in the order from high to low or from low to high, according to the generation order of the binary downhole data. The signal transmission module converts each type of binary downhole data in the downhole data sequence into a corresponding indication signal in the order from high to low or from low to high, according to the generation order of the binary downhole data (the order in which the data conversion module 10-4 performs binary conversion on each downhole data sequence), thereby forming a coded signal string for each downhole data in each downhole data sequence. The indication signal is then transmitted to the downhole signal loading unit 3 in the form of an electrical signal according to the generation order of each indication signal in the coded signal string. In this embodiment, a level signal corresponding to the electrical signal is used as an indication signal to instruct the downhole signal loading unit 3 to adjust the force state of the sucker rod 5. The level signal includes a low-level signal corresponding to the character 0 and a high-level signal corresponding to the character 1.

[0061] When the level signal corresponding to the electrical signal is used as an instruction signal to instruct the downhole signal loading unit 3 to adjust the stress state of the sucker rod 5, the stress state of the sucker rod 5 is adjusted by applying a force to the sucker rod 5 during its upward stroke. In a specific embodiment of the present application, if the level signal transmitted to the downhole signal loading unit 3 is a low-level signal corresponding to the character 0, the downhole signal loading unit 3 does not apply a force to the sucker rod 5; if the level signal transmitted to the downhole signal loading unit 3 is a high-level signal corresponding to the character 1, the downhole signal loading unit 3 applies a force to the sucker rod 5.

[0062] In the embodiment of the present application, a multi-core cable 9 is connected between the downhole monitoring unit 10 and the downhole signal loading unit 3. The multi-core cable 9 is used to transmit the indication signal to the downhole signal loading unit 3 and transmit the electric energy provided by the battery 10-5 to the electrical equipment in the downhole signal loading unit 3. The downhole monitoring unit 10 has a downhole monitoring unit cable connector 10-6, and the downhole signal loading unit 3 has a downhole signal loading unit cable connector 3-1. Based on the downhole monitoring unit cable connector 10-6 and the downhole signal loading unit cable connector 3-1, the multi-core cable 9 is connected between the downhole monitoring unit 10 and the downhole signal loading unit 3. The multi-core cable 9 is used to transmit the indication signal generated by the signal sending module to the downhole signal loading unit 3, and at the same time, the electric energy provided by the battery 10-5 in the downhole monitoring unit 10 is transmitted to the electrical equipment in the downhole signal loading unit 3 for power supply, which reduces the complexity of the downhole data monitoring device and makes the downhole data monitoring device easy to maintain.

[0063] Furthermore, the downhole monitoring unit 10 also includes a bracket 10-3. The bracket 10-3 is connected to the oil pipe 4 by a threaded connection method, and is used to fix and protect the monitoring instrument, data conversion module 10-4, signal transmission module and battery 10-5 from deformation or damage. In this embodiment, the monitoring instrument, data conversion module 10-4, signal transmission module and battery 10-5 in the downhole monitoring unit 10 are connected according to a certain connection method, and the monitoring instrument, data conversion module 10-4, signal transmission module and battery 10-5 in the downhole monitoring unit 10 are all fixed in the bracket 10-3. Therefore, the bracket 10-3 plays an external protection, pressure bearing and tension bearing role for the aforementioned various devices, thereby preventing deformation or damage to the various devices. In addition, the bracket 10-3 is connected to the upper and lower oil pipes 4 or other downhole tools by a threaded connection method, ensuring the connection stability of the various devices in the downhole monitoring unit 10, thereby reducing the risk of the connection between the corresponding devices in the downhole monitoring unit 10 being broken due to the movement of the sucker rod 5, and also ensuring the continuity of the oil pumping process.

[0064] Figure 3This is a schematic diagram of the specific structure of the downhole signal loading unit of the downhole data monitoring system for a pumping well according to an embodiment of the present application. Figure 3 , the downhole signal loading unit 3 includes an instruction generating module, an execution module and a loading module 3-6.

[0065] The instruction generation module receives the indication signal and, based on the indication signal, generates a control instruction for controlling the stress state of the sucker rod 5. In the embodiment of the present application, the instruction generation module receives the indication signal transmitted by the signal transmission module in the downhole monitoring unit 10. The signal conversion module 3-2 in the instruction generation module then converts the indication signal into an execution signal that instructs the actuator control module 3-3 in the instruction generation module to generate a control instruction, and transmits the execution signal to the actuator control module 3-3. The actuator control module 3-3 generates a control instruction for controlling the stress state of the sucker rod 5 based on the execution signal.

[0066] The actuator module, connected to the motor, responds to control commands and draws power from the motor to reciprocate. Specifically, after the actuator control module 3-3 generates a control command, the actuator 3-4 in the actuator module draws power from the motor and begins to move. Simultaneously, the conversion mechanism 3-5 in the actuator module responds to the control command and converts the power drawn by the actuator 3-4 into reciprocating power to control the pumping action of the sucker rod 5.

[0067] The loading module 3-6 is clamped on the sucker rod 5 and connected to the execution module. It is used to perform reciprocating motion in conjunction with the execution module to control the stress state of the sucker rod 5. The loading module 3-6 has a clamping function. The loading module 3-6 of this embodiment is clamped on the sucker rod 5 and can apply force to the sucker rod 5 (forming a change in the stress state of the sucker rod 5). Combined with the connection between the loading module 3-6 and the execution module, a linkage motion system is formed between the sucker rod 5, the loading module 3-6 and the execution module. Accordingly, it is achieved that the loading module 3-6 and the execution module are linked to perform reciprocating motion and are loaded onto the sucker rod 5, so that the sucker rod 5 also performs reciprocating motion in conjunction with the loading module 3-6 and the execution module, thereby achieving control of the stress state of the sucker rod 5.

[0068] Furthermore, the downhole data monitoring device also collects motor current information in real time and uses this current information as downhole data to control the force state of the sucker rod 5. This current information is used to determine the motor's power supply status, thereby assisting in analyzing downhole pressure characteristics. The current information generated by the motor during operation can reflect the motor's power supply status. Therefore, in this embodiment, after the conversion mechanism 3-5 in the execution module responds to the control command and converts the power acquired by the actuator 3-4 into reciprocating power, it initiates the real-time collection of motor current information. This real-time current information is also used as downhole data, and is processed using binary conversion and other methods similar to other types of downhole data. This is then used to control the force state of the sucker rod 5. This allows the real-time current information to be restored outside the well using the force variation characteristics of the sucker rod 5. The current information is then used to analyze the motor's power supply status, thereby assisting in analyzing downhole pressure characteristics. Combined with downhole pressure characteristics analyzed using other types of downhole data, a comprehensive downhole pressure characteristic analysis is obtained.

[0069] The data processing device 8 uses the force variation characteristics to restore the corresponding downhole data, thereby obtaining the downhole data monitoring results. In the embodiment of the present application, the off-hole monitoring device 6 obtains the force variation characteristics of the sucker rod 5 in real time and transmits the obtained force variation characteristic information that changes over time to the data processing device 8 for downhole data restoration. Based on the generation process of the force variation characteristics, the data processing device 8 reversely deduces the generation process to restore the corresponding downhole data, realizes wireless transmission of downhole data, and obtains downhole data monitoring results.

[0070] Furthermore, the downhole data monitoring system described in this embodiment also includes a wireless transmission device. The wireless transmission device is based on the RTU communication protocol and wirelessly transmits the restored downhole data to the corresponding equipment using electromagnetic waves, 4G, 5G or satellite signals. In a specific embodiment of the present application, the wireless transmission device is built into the data processing device 8. The wireless transmission device is based on the RTU communication protocol and uses electromagnetic waves, 4G, 5G or satellite signals to carry the restored downhole data (temperature data, pressure data, flow data, water content data, etc.) and wirelessly transmits it between itself and the central control or corresponding data management system. In other words, the transmission process of the downhole data from the downhole to the ground and from the ground to other equipment in this embodiment is a wireless transmission method. The transmission process from the downhole to the ground is not affected by well deviation, annular pressure and foam section, and accurate downhole data monitoring results are obtained; the transmission process from the ground to other equipment has wide adaptability, is not restricted by the geographical environment, has good scalability and is easy to maintain.

[0071] Example 2

[0072] On the other hand, based on the downhole data monitoring system for pumping wells described in the aforementioned embodiment 1, an embodiment of the present invention also proposes a downhole data monitoring method for pumping wells. This method utilizes the above-mentioned downhole data monitoring system for pumping wells to effectively realize the monitoring of downhole data of pumping wells. Figure 4 FIG is a step diagram of a downhole data monitoring method for a pumping well according to an embodiment of the present application. Figure 4 As shown, the downhole data monitoring method for a pumping well described in the present invention includes the following steps: Step S410, the downhole data monitoring device is fixed on the sucker rod 5, and is lowered into the well together with the sucker rod 5; Step S420, after the sucker rod 5 reaches the specified position, the downhole data monitoring device collects downhole data in real time, and adjusts the stress state of the sucker rod 5 in real time according to the downhole data, so as to start the pumping process by controlling the pumping action of the sucker rod 5; Step S430, the force change characteristics of the sucker rod 5 are obtained in real time by the off-hole monitoring device 6 arranged at the wellhead; Step S440, the data processing device 8 uses the force change characteristics to restore the corresponding downhole data, thereby obtaining the downhole data monitoring results.

[0073] The present invention proposes a downhole data monitoring system and method for a pumping well. The system lowers a downhole data monitoring device into the well along with the sucker rod, and adjusts the force state of the sucker rod in real time according to the downhole data collected by the downhole data monitoring device, so as to start the pumping process by controlling the pumping action of the sucker rod. Then, an off-hole monitoring device obtains the force change characteristics of the sucker rod in real time during the pumping process, and a data processing device uses the force change characteristics to restore the downhole data collected by the downhole data monitoring device, thereby realizing the monitoring of the downhole data. Based on the downhole data collected downhole, the present invention carries out loading or unloading on the sucker rod that matches the downhole data, and then changes the load change at the donkey head when the ground pumping unit is running to restore the downhole data outside the well, which makes up for the deficiency of relying on acoustic liquid level meters for monitoring rod pump wells.

[0074] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by anyone skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be based on the scope of protection of the claims.

[0075] It should be understood that the embodiments disclosed herein are not limited to the specific structures, processing steps, or materials disclosed herein, but should extend to equivalent substitutions of these features understood by those skilled in the relevant art. It should also be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing specific embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting.

[0076] References in this specification to "one embodiment" or "an embodiment" mean that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the present invention. Therefore, appearances of the phrases "one embodiment" or "an embodiment" in various places throughout this specification do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment.

[0077] Although the embodiments disclosed above are for facilitating understanding of the present invention, the contents described are merely embodiments adopted for facilitating understanding of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any person skilled in the art of the present invention may make any modifications and changes in the form and details of the implementation without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. However, the scope of patent protection of the present invention shall still be subject to the scope defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A downhole data monitoring system for a pumping well, characterized in that: include: A downhole data monitoring device, which is fixed to the sucker rod and lowered into the well together with the sucker rod, is used to collect downhole data in real time after the sucker rod reaches a specified position, and adjust the force state of the sucker rod in real time according to the downhole data, so as to start the oil pumping process by controlling the pumping action of the sucker rod; An off-well monitoring device, which is arranged at the wellhead and is used to obtain the force change characteristics of the sucker rod in real time; The data processing device is used to restore the corresponding downhole data by using the force change characteristics, thereby obtaining downhole data monitoring results.

2. The downhole data monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The downhole data monitoring device comprises: a downhole monitoring unit, configured to convert the downhole data into an indication signal indicating a change in the force state of the sucker rod, and transmit the indication signal to a downhole signal loading unit; The downhole signal loading unit is used to adjust the stress state of the sucker rod according to the indication signal, so that the sucker rod has a stress change characteristic that matches the indication signal.

3. The downhole data monitoring system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The off-hole monitoring device is fixed to the portion of the sucker rod located outside the well; and The downhole monitoring unit and the downhole signal loading unit are fixed to the part of the sucker rod located downhole, and are respectively arranged above and below the oil pump.

4. The downhole data monitoring system according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that: The downhole monitoring unit comprises: Monitoring instruments, which are used to simultaneously collect multiple types of downhole data, including but not limited to thermometers, pressure gauges, flow meters, and water content meters; a data conversion module, configured to collect the downhole data at preset collection time intervals, wherein, during each collection, the downhole data is sorted according to preset data type numbers, and different types of downhole data are converted into binary form in the current order; A signal sending module, configured to convert each type of binary downhole data into the corresponding indication signal in the order from high to low or from low to high according to the generation order of the binary downhole data; A battery is used to supply power to electrical devices in the downhole monitoring unit and the downhole signal loading unit.

5. The downhole data monitoring system according to claim 4, characterized in that: A multi-core cable is connected between the downhole monitoring unit and the downhole signal loading unit, and the multi-core cable is used to transmit the indication signal to the downhole signal loading unit and transmit the power provided by the battery to the electrical equipment in the downhole signal loading unit.

6. The downhole data monitoring system according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that: The downhole monitoring unit further includes: The bracket is connected to the oil pipe by a threaded connection and is used to fix and protect the monitoring instrument, the data conversion module, the signal sending module and the battery to prevent deformation or damage.

7. The downhole data monitoring system according to any one of claims 2 to 6, characterized in that: The downhole signal loading unit includes: an instruction generating module, which is used to receive the indication signal and generate a control instruction for controlling the force state of the sucker rod according to the indication signal; an execution module connected to the motor, configured to respond to the control instruction and obtain power from the motor to perform reciprocating motion; The loading module is clamped on the sucker rod and connected to the execution module, and is used for performing reciprocating motion in conjunction with the execution module to control the stress state of the sucker rod.

8. The downhole data monitoring system according to claim 7, characterized in that: The downhole data monitoring device is also used to collect the current information of the motor in real time, and use the current information as downhole data to control the force state of the sucker rod, so as to use the current information to determine the power supply state of the motor, thereby assisting in analyzing the downhole pressure characteristics.

9. The downhole data monitoring system according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The downhole data monitoring system further includes: The wireless transmission device is used to wirelessly transmit the restored downhole data to the corresponding equipment using electromagnetic waves, 4G, 5G or satellite signals based on the RTU communication protocol.

10. A downhole data monitoring method for a pumping well, characterized in that: The downhole data monitoring method is implemented using the downhole data monitoring system according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the downhole data monitoring method includes: Fixing the downhole data monitoring device on the sucker rod and lowering it into the well together with the sucker rod; After the sucker rod reaches the designated position, the downhole data monitoring device collects downhole data in real time and adjusts the force state of the sucker rod in real time according to the downhole data, so as to start the pumping process by controlling the pumping action of the sucker rod; The force variation characteristics of the sucker rod are obtained in real time by an off-hole monitoring device arranged at the wellhead; The data processing device uses the force change characteristics to restore the corresponding downhole data, thereby obtaining the downhole data monitoring results.

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